CN104737767B - Ostrich fern artificial cultivation method - Google Patents
Ostrich fern artificial cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104737767B CN104737767B CN201510175237.8A CN201510175237A CN104737767B CN 104737767 B CN104737767 B CN 104737767B CN 201510175237 A CN201510175237 A CN 201510175237A CN 104737767 B CN104737767 B CN 104737767B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation in agricultural production and particularly relates to an ostrich fern artificial cultivation method which aims at solving the problem that no method for artificially cultivating ostrich ferns is produced currently. The ostrich fern artificial cultivation method comprises step 1, spore collection; step 2, spore preservation; step 3, seedling cultivation; step 4, soil preparation; step 5, field planting; step 6, reasonable dense planting; step 7, raising; step 8, management; step 9, prevention and control on plant diseases and insect pests; step 10, timely harvesting. According to the ostrich fern artificial cultivation method, the uncultivated ostrich ferns are changed to be artificially cultivated in a systematic, complete and standardized mode, the quantitative and qualitative research is performed on every link, the description is performed on the spore collection, preservation, breeding, cultivation and raising, the prevention and control on the plant diseases and insect pests and the like, and accordingly the large-scale artificial cultivation can be performed on the ostrich ferns.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of cultivation in agricultural production is and in particular to a kind of Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method.
Background technology
Matteuccia strthiopteris (matteuccia struthio pteris todaro) belongs to ball Pteridiaceae (onocleaceae) pod
Fruit Cyclosorus, originates in the ground such as China northeast, North China, northwest and Tibet, Yunnan, and Japan, Korea, North America and Europe also have point
Cloth, is a kind of temperate zone dispersed species.
Matteuccia strthiopteris trophophyll aerial partss are withered in autumn.Phyllopodium arranges in the shape of a spiral.It is close to rhizome, become storage
Official.The old leaf base in foundation portion is gradually withered, but does not fall off, and shape is like pine apple nanas.Brown adventitious root is formed on rhizome.Stretch between phyllopodium
Go out, intensive curling.Pine apple nanas shape rhizome and adventitious root are all in underground.
Matteuccia strthiopteris has medical value, and root stock is used as medicine " Rhizoma Osmundae " containing the one-tenth such as ponasterone a, ecdysterone, dish sterone
Point, have a heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, the effect of hemostasis, parasite killing, can be used for the diseases such as anti-influenza, dysentery, cure haematemesis, epistaxis, have blood in stool,
The diseases such as dysentery, metrorrhagia and prevention epidemic encephalitis type B, measles, treatment pyretic toxicity, skin infection, mumps etc., can also be used to drive away silk ribbon
Worm, ascarid, ancylostome and pinworm.
Matteuccia strthiopteris plant shape is larger, up to more than 1m, gives out Fructus Cucumidis sativi delicate fragrance, pleasant heart spleen, Bracing.It is suitable for
Plant in subdistrict greening, park woodland greenery patches.Green sprouting, vigorous, midsummer leatherleaf is in great numbers, luxuriant grand, is excellent green
Change material.It is also the native country green material application with application prospect.
Content of the invention
The invention aims to solving the problems, such as the method currently without artificial culture Matteuccia strthiopteris, and provide one kind
Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method.
The Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method of the present invention sequentially includes the following steps:
First, spore collection: be acquired in annual late September to next year early March, cut mature pod with shears during collection
Fruit Herba pteridii latiusculi sporophyll band handle gathers, and then carries out air-drying process, then is rubbed to making Sporangium ftracture with handss, and spore is separated with Sporangium
Cross 0.05mm sieve afterwards, obtain Matteuccia strthiopteris spore；
2nd, Conidia preservation: the Matteuccia strthiopteris spore that step one is obtained puts into wide mouthed bottle or the paper bag of overcoat sealed plastic bag
Interior, preserve under conditions of not higher than room temperature, obtain spore to be sowed；
3rd, nursery: 1. warmhouse booth is entered using the mixed aqueous solution of potassium permanganate plus formalin composition in late April
Row fumigation, booth outer covering light transmittance is 20%～40% sunshade net, controls temperature in warmhouse booth to be 22～30 DEG C；
2. furrow are done along North and South direction in warmhouse booth, furrow are 10cm, a width of 120cm～150cm of furrow deeply, and furrow spacing is 40cm, in furrow
Cover nursery cloth；3. using through high temperature sterilize black soil cross 0.05mm sieve after as substrate, fill to furrow, soil height with
Original ground maintains an equal level；4. sowed mid-May, pouring soil in furrow to soil moisture content first is 30%, then by step
Two spores to be sowed obtaining are mixed with sand or soil, then the mixture of spore and sand is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface in furrow；⑤
Soil moisture content in real-time monitoring warmhouse booth, controls soil moisture content in warmhouse booth to be 22%～34%, works as warmhouse booth
Interior soil moisture content carries out spraying when being less than 22% and keeps the skin wet, simultaneously when meeting rainwater weather by outer for warmhouse booth rainwater row
Go out, make soil moisture content in warmhouse booth be not higher than 34%；6. real-time monitoring control in warmhouse booth humidity to be 75%, works as temperature
In the booth of room, humidity is more than when 90% and opens wide warmhouse booth and spray antibacterial；7. after planting 45 days with aerosol apparatus to Matteuccia strthiopteris children
Spray water in Seedling blade face, injection flow rate does not form water droplet by blade face formation moisture film and is defined；8. 7 the end of month treated that seedling leaves quantity reached 3～5 pieces
After divide plant to 54 hole seedlings nursing plates, in seedlings nursing plate, soil is the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed mixed with soil gross mass 20%～25%, every Kong Zhi
Enter 1～2 plant of seedling, watering after point plant to soil moisture content in seedlings nursing plate is 25%～30%, and then cladding thickness is 1cm's again
Soil carries out moisturizing, and seedlings nursing plate is placed in warm indoor wintering, in case field planting, controls warm indoor temperature to be 24～30 DEG C；
4th, site preparation: select arable land, opening or woodland wasteland as field planting soil, site preparation process is: 1. ploughs: selects
Soil layer is deep, soil property fertile loose, physical features is flat, fertilizer conservation water conservation and the plot having irrigation conditions first apply the Swine manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed,
Dose is 1800kg/ hectare～2200kg/ hectare, then carries out mechanical site preparation, ploughs deeply 30cm～40cm, harrows thin ridging, ridge
Away from 65cm～70cm, by ridge field planting；2. opening: select opening in the woods that canopy density are 0.2～0.3, using manually cave-shaped
Site preparation, cave footpath 30cm, weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, dose is 1800kg/ hectare～2200kg/ hectare；3. woodland is waste
Ground combines site preparation using small-sized machine and manually, strip site preparation, and weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, and dose is that 1800kg/ is public
Hectare～2200kg/ hectare；
5th, it is colonized: the setting date of Matteuccia strthiopteris adopts following three kinds of forms: 1. the spring educates spring planting: when spring planting is educated using the spring, select
Spring is as setting date it is desirable to when spring soil moisture content is not less than 25%, be colonized in the arable land with irrigation conditions；2. the spring educates
Summer plantinge: when summer plantinge is educated using the spring, select summer as setting date, select arable land, opening or woodland wasteland as field planting soil；
3. the spring educates fall planting: when fall planting is educated using the spring, select autumn as setting date, when autumn, soil moisture content was not less than 25%,
It is colonized in opening；
6th, rational close planting: be 1. used for the Matteuccia strthiopteris of greening, in arable land field planting, dense planting spacing in the rows is 10cm～35cm, dense planting row
Away from for 65cm～70cm, dense planting density is 40,000 plants/hectare～150,000 plants/hectare；2. it is used for producing the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable,
Opening and woodland wasteland field planting, dense planting spacing in the rows be 35cm, dense planting line-spacing be more than 70cm, dense planting density be 10,000 plants/hectare～
40000 plants/hectare；
7th, foster: look into lack and fill a vacancy it is ensured that Seedling is complete, reserved filling a vacancy uses Seedling, and pre- allowance is the 5%～10% of field planting quantity；
8th, manage: 1. rationally catch cropping, favourable sunshade: at the field planting initial stage, between the Matteuccia strthiopteris for arable land field planting, plant annual height
Bar crops；2. drought fills flood row, controls moisture: artificial soil moisture control content, and drought fills flood row, and soil moisture control content is
22%～34%, for for produce the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable annual spring sprout start growth after irrigate once, irrigate make soil
Water content reaches 25%～30%, and once, irrigating makes soil moisture content reach 25%～30% for autumn freeze-up front irrigation；3. intertill
Weeding: artificial weeding, except early except little；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1. prevent and treat downy mildew per hectare spray 72.2% general make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid of water preparation or 64% antivirus
500 times of liquid of vitriol wettable powder；2. prevent and treat virosiss per hectare and spray 1000 times of liquid of 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) Emulsion, 5% bacterium clear water
300 times of liquid of agent or 20% viral 500 times of liquid of a wettable powder；3. prevent and treat mite class disease pest per hectare and spray Chongmanke cream 1500
Times liquid；
Tenth, timely collecting: 1. for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for greening, field planting went out garden after 2 years, went out the garden time for spring or summer
Season；2. for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for producing wild vegetable, field planting gathers young stem and leaf after spring in 5 years, and acquisition time is May first arrival 5
In the middle of the month, Matteuccia strthiopteris length of blade reaches 10cm～13cm and fist volume is harvested when not stretching, one batch of harvesting every year.
Advantages of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is that a kind of system, complete, specification Matteuccia strthiopteris are changed into tame technical method by wild.To each
Link is qualitatively and quantitatively explored, and gathers, takes care of, breeds, cultivating, fostering from spore, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc. is all chatted
State bright, according to this invention, large-scale artificial cultivation Matteuccia strthiopteris can be carried out.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one: present embodiment Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method sequentially include the following steps:
First, spore collection: be acquired in annual late September to next year early March, cut mature pod with shears during collection
Fruit Herba pteridii latiusculi sporophyll band handle gathers, and then carries out air-drying process, then is rubbed to making Sporangium ftracture with handss, and spore is separated with Sporangium
Cross 0.05mm sieve afterwards, obtain Matteuccia strthiopteris spore；
2nd, Conidia preservation: the Matteuccia strthiopteris spore that step one is obtained puts into wide mouthed bottle or the paper bag of overcoat sealed plastic bag
Interior, preserve under conditions of not higher than room temperature, obtain spore to be sowed；
3rd, nursery: 1. warmhouse booth is entered using the mixed aqueous solution of potassium permanganate plus formalin composition in late April
Row fumigation, booth outer covering light transmittance is 20%～40% sunshade net, controls temperature in warmhouse booth to be 22～30 DEG C；
2. furrow are done along North and South direction in warmhouse booth, furrow are 10cm, a width of 120cm～150cm of furrow deeply, and furrow spacing is 40cm, in furrow
Cover nursery cloth；3. using through high temperature sterilize black soil cross 0.05mm sieve after as substrate, fill to furrow, soil height with
Original ground maintains an equal level；4. sowed mid-May, pouring soil in furrow to soil moisture content first is 30%, then by step
Two spores to be sowed obtaining are mixed with sand or soil, then the mixture of spore and sand is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface in furrow；⑤
Soil moisture content in real-time monitoring warmhouse booth, controls soil moisture content in warmhouse booth to be 22%～34%, works as warmhouse booth
Interior soil moisture content carries out spraying when being less than 22% and keeps the skin wet, simultaneously when meeting rainwater weather by outer for warmhouse booth rainwater row
Go out, make soil moisture content in warmhouse booth be not higher than 34%；6. real-time monitoring control in warmhouse booth humidity to be 75%, works as temperature
In the booth of room, humidity is more than when 90% and opens wide warmhouse booth and spray antibacterial；7. after planting 45 days with aerosol apparatus to Matteuccia strthiopteris children
Spray water in Seedling blade face, injection flow rate does not form water droplet by blade face formation moisture film and is defined；8. 7 the end of month treated that seedling leaves quantity reached 3～5 pieces
After divide plant to 54 hole seedlings nursing plates, in seedlings nursing plate, soil is the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed mixed with soil gross mass 20%～25%, every Kong Zhi
Enter 1～2 plant of seedling, watering after point plant to soil moisture content in seedlings nursing plate is 25%～30%, and then cladding thickness is 1cm's again
Soil carries out moisturizing, and seedlings nursing plate is placed in warm indoor wintering, in case field planting, controls warm indoor temperature to be 24～30 DEG C；
4th, site preparation: select arable land, opening or woodland wasteland as field planting soil, site preparation process is: 1. ploughs: selects
Soil layer is deep, soil property fertile loose, physical features is flat, fertilizer conservation water conservation and the plot having irrigation conditions first apply the Swine manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed,
Dose is 1800kg/ hectare～2200kg/ hectare, then carries out mechanical site preparation, ploughs deeply 30cm～40cm, harrows thin ridging, ridge
Away from 65cm～70cm, by ridge field planting；2. opening: select opening in the woods that canopy density are 0.2～0.3, using manually cave-shaped
Site preparation, cave footpath 30cm, weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, dose is 1800kg/ hectare～2200kg/ hectare；3. woodland is waste
Ground combines site preparation using small-sized machine and manually, strip site preparation, and weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, and dose is that 1800kg/ is public
Hectare～2200kg/ hectare；
5th, it is colonized: the setting date of Matteuccia strthiopteris adopts following three kinds of forms: 1. the spring educates spring planting: when spring planting is educated using the spring, select
Spring is as setting date it is desirable to when spring soil moisture content is not less than 25%, be colonized in the arable land with irrigation conditions；2. the spring educates
Summer plantinge: when summer plantinge is educated using the spring, select summer as setting date, select arable land, opening or woodland wasteland as field planting soil；
3. the spring educates fall planting: when fall planting is educated using the spring, select autumn as setting date, when autumn, soil moisture content was not less than 25%,
It is colonized in opening；
6th, rational close planting: be 1. used for the Matteuccia strthiopteris of greening, in arable land field planting, dense planting spacing in the rows is 10cm～35cm, dense planting row
Away from for 65cm～70cm, dense planting density is 40,000 plants/hectare～150,000 plants/hectare；2. it is used for producing the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable,
Opening and woodland wasteland field planting, dense planting spacing in the rows be 35cm, dense planting line-spacing be more than 70cm, dense planting density be 10,000 plants/hectare～
40000 plants/hectare；
7th, foster: look into lack and fill a vacancy it is ensured that Seedling is complete, reserved filling a vacancy uses Seedling, and pre- allowance is the 5%～10% of field planting quantity；
8th, manage: 1. rationally catch cropping, favourable sunshade: at the field planting initial stage, between the Matteuccia strthiopteris for arable land field planting, plant annual height
Bar crops；2. drought fills flood row, controls moisture: artificial soil moisture control content, and drought fills flood row, and soil moisture control content is
22%～34%, for for produce the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable annual spring sprout start growth after irrigate once, irrigate make soil
Water content reaches 25%～30%, and once, irrigating makes soil moisture content reach 25%～30% for autumn freeze-up front irrigation；3. intertill
Weeding: artificial weeding, except early except little；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1. prevent and treat downy mildew per hectare spray 72.2% general make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid of water preparation or 64% antivirus
500 times of liquid of vitriol wettable powder；2. prevent and treat virosiss per hectare and spray 1000 times of liquid of 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) Emulsion, 5% bacterium clear water
300 times of liquid of agent or 20% viral 500 times of liquid of a wettable powder；3. prevent and treat mite class disease pest per hectare and spray Chongmanke cream 1500
Times liquid；
Tenth, timely collecting: 1. for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for greening, field planting went out garden after 2 years, went out the garden time for spring or summer
Season；2. for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for producing wild vegetable, field planting gathers young stem and leaf after spring in 5 years, and acquisition time is May first arrival 5
In the middle of the month, Matteuccia strthiopteris length of blade reaches 10cm～13cm and fist volume is harvested when not stretching, one batch of harvesting every year.
Present embodiment step 3 6. in when in warmhouse booth humidity be more than 90% when can produce mycete, therefore now open wide
Warmhouse booth simultaneously sprays antibacterial.
Described in present embodiment step 9 prevent and treat downy mildew per hectare spray 72.2% general make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid of water preparation with
The general consumption made every effort to overcome of per hectare 300kg water meter 72.2% is 0.375kg/ hectare；
Downy mildew per hectare of preventing and treating described in present embodiment step 9 sprays 500 times of 64% Sandofan wettable powder
Liquid counts the consumption of 64% Sandofan for 0.6kg/ hectare with per hectare 300kg water；
Described in present embodiment step 9 prevent and treat virosiss per hectare spray 1000 times of liquid of 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) Emulsion with
The consumption of per hectare 300kg water meter 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) is 0.3kg/ hectare；
Virosiss per hectare of preventing and treating described in present embodiment step 9 sprays 300 times of liquid of 5% bacterium water cleaning agent with every
The consumption of hectare 300kg water meter 5% octicin solution is 1kg/ hectare；
Virosiss per hectare of preventing and treating described in present embodiment step 9 sprays 20% viral 500 times of a wettable powder
Liquid counts the consumption of 20% viral a for 0.6kg/ hectare with per hectare 300kg water；
Mite class disease pest per hectare of preventing and treating described in present embodiment step 9 sprays 1500 times of liquid of Chongmanke cream with every
The consumption of hectare 300kg water meter Chongmanke is 0.2kg/ hectare.
Present embodiment is that a kind of system, complete, specification Matteuccia strthiopteris are changed into tame technical method by wild.Right
Links are qualitatively and quantitatively explored, and gather, take care of, breed, cultivating, fostering from spore, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc. is all entered
Row narration explanation, according to this invention, can carry out large-scale artificial cultivation Matteuccia strthiopteris.
Specific embodiment two: present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one: described in step one air-dry
Processing procedure is: puts into refrigerator freezing 2～3 weeks, takes out ventilation and dry in the shade or be placed at placement outdoor ventilation in sulphuric acid paper bag, warp
2～3 months, dislocation interior was placed 1～2 day at room temperature, completed to air-dry process.Other steps and parameter and specific embodiment
One is identical.
Specific embodiment three: present embodiment from unlike specific embodiment one or two: described in step 2
The condition of not higher than room temperature is: room temperature, freezes under the conditions of cold preservation or -15～0 DEG C under the conditions of 0～5 DEG C.Other steps and parameter with
Specific embodiment one or two is identical.
Specific embodiment four: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three: step 3 1. in
In the mixed aqueous solution of described potassium permanganate and formalin composition, the consumption of formalin is 30ml/m3, described Gao Meng
In the mixed aqueous solution of sour potassium and formalin composition, the consumption of potassium permanganate is 15g/m3, described potassium permanganate and formal
In the mixed aqueous solution of woods composition, the consumption of water is 15ml/m3.One of other steps and parameter and specific embodiment one to three
Identical.
Specific embodiment five: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four: step 3 1. in
When stifling, booth is airtight, and in stifling latter 12 hours, people can not stop in booth.Other steps and parameter and specific embodiment
One of one to four is identical.
Specific embodiment six: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five: step 3 1. in
Booth outer covering light transmittance is 30% sunshade net.One of other steps and parameter and specific embodiment one to five are identical.
Specific embodiment seven: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six: step 6 1. in
Dense planting density is 140,000 plants/hectare～150,000 plants/hectare.Other steps and parameter and one of specific embodiment one to six phase
With.
Specific embodiment eight: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven: step 6 2. in
Dense planting density is 2.8 ten thousand plants/hectare～40,000 plants/hectare.Other steps and parameter and one of specific embodiment one to seven phase
With.
Specific embodiment nine: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight: step 8 1. in
Described annual high bar crops are Semen Maydiss or Sorghum vulgare Pers..Other steps and parameter and one of specific embodiment one to eight phase
With.
Specific embodiment ten: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine: step 8 2. in
Described freeze-up for annual 10 the end of month to mid-November.One of other steps and parameter and specific embodiment one to nine are identical.
Verified with tests below effect of the present invention:
Implement method of the present invention in Bin County of Harbin City, concrete test is as follows:
Test one, the Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method of this test sequentially include the following steps:
First, spore collection: in September in 2010 30 days extremely2011On March 10, in is acquired, and is cut into shears during collection
The collection of ripe Matteuccia strthiopteris sporophyll band handle, then carries out air-drying process, then is rubbed to making Sporangium ftracture with handss, spore and Sporangium
Cross 0.05mm sieve after separating, obtain Matteuccia strthiopteris spore；
2nd, Conidia preservation: the Matteuccia strthiopteris spore that step one is obtained puts into wide mouthed bottle or the paper bag of overcoat sealed plastic bag
Interior, preserve under conditions of not higher than room temperature, obtain spore to be sowed；
3rd, nursery: 1. on April 20th, 2011, the mixed aqueous solution of formalin composition is added to greenhouse using potassium permanganate
Booth carries out fumigation, and booth outer covering light transmittance is 30% sunshade net, controls temperature in warmhouse booth to be 30 DEG C；2. exist
Furrow are done along North and South direction, furrow are 10cm, a width of 120cm of furrow deeply, and furrow spacing is 40cm, covers nursery cloth in furrow in warmhouse booth；③
Black soil through high temperature sterilize is crossed after 0.05mm sieve as substrate, fills to furrow, soil height is maintained an equal level with original ground；
4. sowed on May 10th, 2011, pouring soil in furrow to soil moisture content first is 30%, then obtains step 2
Spore to be sowed and sand or soil mix, then the mixture of spore and sand is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface in furrow；5. supervise in real time
Survey soil moisture content in warmhouse booth, control soil moisture content in warmhouse booth to be 30%, when soil moisture content in warmhouse booth
Carry out spraying during less than 22% to keep the skin wet, when meeting rainwater weather, outer for warmhouse booth rainwater is discharged simultaneously, make warmhouse booth
Interior soil moisture content is not higher than 34%；6. real-time monitoring control in warmhouse booth humidity to be 75%, when humidity in warmhouse booth
Open wide warmhouse booth during more than 90% and spray antibacterial；7. sprayed water to Matteuccia strthiopteris seedling blade face with aerosol apparatus within after planting 45 days,
Injection flow rate does not form water droplet by blade face formation moisture film and is defined；8. on July 10th, 2011 point plant after seedling leaves quantity reaches 4 pieces
To 54 hole seedlings nursing plates, in seedlings nursing plate, soil is mixed with the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed accounting for soil gross mass 30%, and 2 plants of seedling are implanted in every hole,
Watering after dividing plant to soil moisture content in seedlings nursing plate is 30%, and then the soil for 1cm for the cladding thickness carries out moisturizing, by nursery again
Disk is placed in warm indoor wintering, in case field planting, controls warm indoor temperature to be 24～30 DEG C；
4th, site preparation: select arable land as field planting soil, site preparation process is: select that soil layer is deep, soil property fertile loose,
Gesture is flat, fertilizer conservation water conservation and the plot having irrigation conditions first apply the Swine manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and dose is 2000kg/ hectare, then
Carry out mechanical site preparation, plough deeply 18cm, harrow thin ridging, row spacing 70cm, by ridge field planting；
5th, it is colonized: the selection spring of the setting date of Matteuccia strthiopteris educates summer plantinge: May 5 2012 summer, as setting date, is having
The arable land having irrigation conditions is colonized；
6th, rational close planting: for the Matteuccia strthiopteris of greening, in arable land field planting, dense planting spacing in the rows is 10cm, and dense planting line-spacing is
70cm, dense planting density is 140,000 plants/hectare；
7th, foster: look into lack and fill a vacancy it is ensured that Seedling is complete, reserved filling a vacancy uses Seedling, and pre- allowance is the 10% of field planting quantity；
8th, manage: 1. rationally catch cropping, favourable sunshade: at the field planting initial stage, between the Matteuccia strthiopteris for arable land field planting, plant annual height
Bar crops；2. drought fills flood row, controls moisture: artificial soil moisture control content, and drought fills flood row, and soil moisture control content is
30%；3. middle weeding: artificial weeding, except early except little；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1. prevent and treat downy mildew and spray 72.2% and general make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid of water preparation or 64% Sandofan is wettable
Property 500 times of liquid of powder；2. prevent and treat virosiss spray 1000 times of liquid of 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) Emulsion, 300 times of liquid of 5% bacterium water cleaning agent or
20% viral 500 times of liquid of a wettable powder；3. prevent and treat mite class disease pest and spray 1500 times of liquid of Chongmanke cream；
Tenth, timely collecting: for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for greening, field planting was in May, 2015～May to go out garden after 2 years；
Air-dried processing procedure described in step one is: puts into refrigerator freezing 3 weeks, takes out ventilation and dry in the shade or be placed in sulphuric acid
Place at outdoor ventilation in paper bag, through 3 months, dislocation interior was placed 2 days at room temperature, complete to air-dry process；
The condition of the not higher than room temperature described in step 2 is: cold preservation under the conditions of 1 DEG C；
Step 3 1. described in potassium permanganate and formalin composition mixed aqueous solution in the consumption of formalin be
30ml/m3, in the mixed aqueous solution of described potassium permanganate and formalin composition, the consumption of potassium permanganate is 15g/m3, described
Potassium permanganate and formalin composition mixed aqueous solution in water consumption be 15ml/m3；
Step 3 1. middle booth outer covering light transmittance be 30% sunshade net；
Step 3 6. in when in warmhouse booth humidity be more than 90% when can produce mycete, therefore now open wide warmhouse booth simultaneously
Spray antibacterial；
Step 8 1. described in annual high bar crops be Semen Maydiss；
Step 8 2. described in freeze-up for annual 10 the end of month to mid-November.
Test two, the Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method of this test sequentially include the following steps:
First, spore collection: be acquired in September in 2006 on March 10th, 30 days 1, cut into shears during collection
The collection of ripe Matteuccia strthiopteris sporophyll band handle, then carries out air-drying process, then is rubbed to making Sporangium ftracture with handss, spore and Sporangium
Cross 0.05mm sieve after separating, obtain Matteuccia strthiopteris spore；
2nd, Conidia preservation: the Matteuccia strthiopteris spore that step one is obtained puts into wide mouthed bottle or the paper bag of overcoat sealed plastic bag
Interior, preserve under conditions of not higher than room temperature, obtain spore to be sowed；
3rd, nursery: 1. before 10 days April in 2007, the mixed aqueous solution of formalin composition was added to temperature using potassium permanganate
Room booth carries out fumigation, and booth outer covering light transmittance is 30% sunshade net, controls temperature in warmhouse booth to be 30 DEG C；②
Do furrow along North and South direction in warmhouse booth, furrow are 10cm, a width of 120cm of furrow deeply, and furrow spacing is 40cm, covers nursery cloth in furrow；
3. the black soil through high temperature sterilize is crossed after 0.05mm sieve as substrate, fill to furrow, soil height and original ground are held
Flat；4. sowed on May 10th, 2007, pouring soil in furrow to soil moisture content first is 30%, then by step 2
The spore to be sowed obtaining is mixed with sand or soil, then the mixture of spore and sand is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface in furrow；5. real
When monitoring warmhouse booth in soil moisture content, control warmhouse booth in soil moisture content be 30%, when in warmhouse booth, soil contains
The water yield carries out spraying when being less than 22% and keeps the skin wet, and discharges outer for warmhouse booth rainwater when meeting rainwater weather simultaneously, makes greenhouse
In booth, soil moisture content is not higher than 34%；6. real-time monitoring control in warmhouse booth humidity to be 75%, when in warmhouse booth
Humidity is more than when 90% opens wide warmhouse booth and sprays antibacterial；7. sprayed to Matteuccia strthiopteris seedling blade face with aerosol apparatus within after planting 45 days
Water, injection flow rate does not form water droplet by blade face formation moisture film and is defined；8. on July 10th, 2007 is after seedling leaves quantity reaches 4 pieces
Divide and plant to 54 hole seedlings nursing plates, in seedlings nursing plate, soil is mixed with the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed accounting for soil gross mass 30%, and 2 plants of childrens are implanted in every hole
Seedling, watering after point plant to soil moisture content in seedlings nursing plate is 30%, and then the soil for 1cm for the cladding thickness carries out moisturizing again, will
Seedlings nursing plate is placed in warm indoor wintering, in case field planting, controls warm indoor temperature to be 24～30 DEG C；
4th, site preparation: select opening as field planting soil, site preparation process is: to select canopy density to dredge in the woods for 30%
Forest land, using manually cave-shaped site preparation, cave footpath 30cm, weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, and dose is 2000kg/ hectare；
5th, it is colonized: the selection spring of the setting date of Matteuccia strthiopteris educates fall planting: when autumn, soil moisture content was not less than 25%, can
Select 15 days～2007 Septembers of 2007 autumns August 10 as setting date, in opening field planting；
6th, rational close planting: for producing the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable, in opening field planting, dense planting spacing in the rows is 35cm, dense planting row
Away from for 70cm～100cm, 2.8 ten thousand plants/hectare；
7th, foster: look into lack and fill a vacancy it is ensured that Seedling is complete, reserved filling a vacancy uses Seedling, and pre- allowance is the 10% of field planting quantity；
8th, manage: 1. rationally catch cropping, favourable sunshade: at the field planting initial stage, between the Matteuccia strthiopteris for arable land field planting, plant annual height
Bar crops；2. drought fills flood row, controls moisture: artificial soil moisture control content, and drought fills flood row, and soil moisture control content is
30%, for for produce the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable annual spring sprout after irrigate once, make soil moisture content reach 25%, the autumn
Season freeze-up front irrigation once, makes soil moisture content reach 25%；3. middle weeding: artificial weeding, except early except little；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1. prevent and treat downy mildew and spray 72.2% and general make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid of water preparation or 64% Sandofan is wettable
Property 500 times of liquid of powder；2. prevent and treat virosiss spray 1000 times of liquid of 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) Emulsion, 300 times of liquid of 5% bacterium water cleaning agent or
20% viral 500 times of liquid of a wettable powder；3. prevent and treat mite class disease pest and spray 1500 times of liquid of Chongmanke cream；
Tenth, timely collecting: for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for producing wild vegetable, be colonized 5 years after in mid-May, 2013 collection
Young stem and leaf, for May 10 to May 20, Matteuccia strthiopteris length of blade reaches 10cm～13cm to acquisition time and fist volume does not stretch
Shi Jinhang harvests, every year one batch of harvesting；
Air-dried processing procedure described in step one is: puts into refrigerator freezing 3 weeks, takes out ventilation and dry in the shade or be placed in sulphuric acid
Place at outdoor ventilation in paper bag, through 3 months, dislocation interior was placed 2 days at room temperature, complete to air-dry process；
The condition of the not higher than room temperature described in step 2 is: cold preservation under the conditions of 1 DEG C；
Step 3 1. described in potassium permanganate and formalin composition mixed aqueous solution in the consumption of formalin be
30ml/m3, in the mixed aqueous solution of described potassium permanganate and formalin composition, the consumption of potassium permanganate is 15g/m3, described
Potassium permanganate and formalin composition mixed aqueous solution in water consumption be 15ml/m3；
Step 3 1. in stifling when booth airtight, in stifling latter 12 hours, people can not stop in booth；
Step 3 1. middle booth outer covering light transmittance be 30% sunshade net；
Step 3 6. in when in warmhouse booth humidity be more than 90% when can produce mycete, therefore now open wide warmhouse booth simultaneously
Spray antibacterial；
Step 8 1. described in annual high bar crops be Semen Maydiss；
Step 8 2. described in freeze-up for annual 10 the end of month to mid-November.
6.8 grams of protein, 0.2 gram of fat, vitamin is contained after testing in the every 100 grams of fresh and tender leaves of the Matteuccia strthiopteris of this test
E1.6 milligram, 44.2 milligrams of calcium, and selenium and other trace elements, and tender leaf delicate fragrance is good to eat.
Test three, the Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method of this test sequentially include the following steps:
First, spore collection: be acquired in September in 2007 on March 10th, 30 days 1, cut into shears during collection
The collection of ripe Matteuccia strthiopteris sporophyll band handle, then carries out air-drying process, then is rubbed to making Sporangium ftracture with handss, spore and Sporangium
Cross 0.05mm sieve after separating, obtain Matteuccia strthiopteris spore；
2nd, Conidia preservation: the Matteuccia strthiopteris spore that step one is obtained puts into wide mouthed bottle or the paper bag of overcoat sealed plastic bag
Interior, preserve under conditions of not higher than room temperature, obtain spore to be sowed；
3rd, nursery: 1. before 10 days April in 2008, the mixed aqueous solution of formalin composition was added to temperature using potassium permanganate
Room booth carries out fumigation, and booth outer covering light transmittance is 30% sunshade net, controls temperature in warmhouse booth to be 30 DEG C；②
Do furrow along North and South direction in warmhouse booth, furrow are 10cm, a width of 120cm of furrow deeply, and furrow spacing is 40cm, covers nursery cloth in furrow；
3. the black soil through high temperature sterilize is crossed after 0.05mm sieve as substrate, fill to furrow, soil height and original ground are held
Flat；4. sowed on May 10th, 2008, pouring soil in furrow to soil moisture content first is 30%, then by step 2
The spore to be sowed obtaining is mixed with sand or soil, then the mixture of spore and sand is uniformly sprinkling upon soil surface in furrow；5. real
When monitoring warmhouse booth in soil moisture content, control warmhouse booth in soil moisture content be 30%, when in warmhouse booth, soil contains
The water yield carries out spraying when being less than 22% and keeps the skin wet, and discharges outer for warmhouse booth rainwater when meeting rainwater weather simultaneously, makes greenhouse
In booth, soil moisture content is not higher than 34%；6. real-time monitoring control in warmhouse booth humidity to be 75%, when in warmhouse booth
Humidity is more than when 90% opens wide warmhouse booth and sprays antibacterial；7. sprayed to Matteuccia strthiopteris seedling blade face with aerosol apparatus within after planting 45 days
Water, injection flow rate does not form water droplet by blade face formation moisture film and is defined；8. on July 10th, 2008 is after seedling leaves quantity reaches 4 pieces
Divide and plant to 54 hole seedlings nursing plates, in seedlings nursing plate, soil is mixed with the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed accounting for soil gross mass 30, and 2 plants of childrens are implanted in every hole
Seedling, watering after point plant to soil moisture content in seedlings nursing plate is 30, and then the soil for 1cm for the cladding thickness carries out moisturizing again, will educate
Seed plate is placed in warm indoor wintering, in case field planting, controls warm indoor temperature to be 24～30 DEG C；
4th, site preparation: select woodland wasteland as field planting soil, site preparation process is: woodland wasteland adopts small-sized machine and people
Work combines site preparation, strip site preparation, and weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, and dose is 2000kg/ hectare；
5th, it is colonized: the selection spring of the setting date of Matteuccia strthiopteris educates fall planting: when autumn, soil moisture content was not less than 25%, can
Select 2008 autumns August 10 as setting date, in the field planting of woodland wasteland；
6th, rational close planting: for producing the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable, in the field planting of woodland wasteland, dense planting spacing in the rows is 35cm, dense planting
Line-spacing is 70cm～100cm, 40,000 plants/hectare；
7th, foster: look into lack and fill a vacancy it is ensured that Seedling is complete, reserved filling a vacancy uses Seedling, and pre- allowance is the 10% of field planting quantity；
8th, manage: 1. rationally catch cropping, favourable sunshade: at the field planting initial stage, between the Matteuccia strthiopteris for arable land field planting, plant annual height
Bar crops；2. drought fills flood row, controls moisture: artificial soil moisture control content, and drought fills flood row, and soil moisture control content reaches
To 30%, for for produce the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable annual spring sprout after irrigate once, make soil moisture content reach 25%,
Autumn freeze-up front irrigation once, makes soil moisture content reach 25%；3. middle weeding: artificial weeding, except early except little；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1. prevent and treat downy mildew and spray 72.2% and general make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid of water preparation or 64% Sandofan is wettable
Property 500 times of liquid of powder；2. prevent and treat virosiss spray 1000 times of liquid of 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) Emulsion, 300 times of liquid of 5% bacterium water cleaning agent or
20% viral 500 times of liquid of a wettable powder；3. prevent and treat mite class disease pest and spray 1500 times of liquid of Chongmanke cream；
Tenth, timely collecting: for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for producing wild vegetable, be colonized 5 years after in mid-May, 2014 collection
Young stem and leaf, for May 10 to May 20, Matteuccia strthiopteris length of blade reaches 10cm～13cm to acquisition time and fist volume does not stretch
Shi Jinhang harvests, every year one batch of harvesting；
Air-dried processing procedure described in step one is: puts into refrigerator freezing 3 weeks, takes out ventilation and dry in the shade or be placed in sulphuric acid
Place at outdoor ventilation in paper bag, through 3 months, dislocation interior was placed 2 days at room temperature, complete to air-dry process；
The condition of the not higher than room temperature described in step 2 is: cold preservation under the conditions of 1 DEG C；
Step 3 1. described in potassium permanganate and formalin composition mixed aqueous solution in the consumption of formalin be
30ml/m3, in the mixed aqueous solution of described potassium permanganate and formalin composition, the consumption of potassium permanganate is 15g/m3, described
Potassium permanganate and formalin composition mixed aqueous solution in water consumption be 15ml/m3；
Step 3 1. in stifling when booth airtight, in stifling latter 12 hours, people can not stop in booth；
Step 3 1. middle booth outer covering light transmittance be 30% sunshade net；
Step 3 6. in when in warmhouse booth humidity be more than 90% when can produce mycete, therefore now open wide warmhouse booth simultaneously
Spray antibacterial；
Step 8 1. described in annual high bar crops be Semen Maydiss；
Step 8 2. described in freeze-up for annual 10 the end of month to mid-November.
6.6 grams of protein, 0.2 gram of fat, vitamin is contained after testing in the every 100 grams of fresh and tender leaves of the Matteuccia strthiopteris of this test
E1.5 milligram, 43.6 milligrams of calcium, and selenium and other trace elements, and tender leaf delicate fragrance is good to eat.
Claims (10)
1. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method is it is characterised in that the method sequentially includes the following steps:
First, spore collection: be acquired in annual late September to next year early March, cut ripe Matteuccia strthiopteris with shears during collection
Sporophyll, band handle collection, then carry out air-dry process, then with handss rub to make Sporangium ftracture, after spore is separated with Sporangium
Cross 0.05mm sieve, obtain Matteuccia strthiopteris spore；
2nd, Conidia preservation: the Matteuccia strthiopteris spore that step one is obtained is put in wide mouthed bottle or the paper bag of overcoat sealed plastic bag,
Not higher than preserve under conditions of room temperature, obtain spore to be sowed；
3rd, nursery: 1. warmhouse booth is smoked using the mixed aqueous solution of potassium permanganate plus formalin composition in late April
Steam sterilization, booth outer covering light transmittance is 20%～40% sunshade net, control temperature in warmhouse booth to be 22～30 DEG C；2. exist
Furrow are done along North and South direction, furrow are 10cm, a width of 120cm～150cm of furrow deeply, and furrow spacing is 40cm, covers and educate in furrow in warmhouse booth
Miao Bu；3. using through high temperature sterilize black soil cross 0.05mm sieve after as substrate, fill to furrow, soil height and original place
Face maintains an equal level；4. sowed mid-May, pouring soil in furrow to soil moisture content first is 30%, then obtains step 2
To spore to be sowed and sand or soil mix, then spore is uniformly sprinkling upon in furrow with native mixture with the mixture of sand or spore
Soil surface；5. soil moisture content in real-time monitoring warmhouse booth, controls soil moisture content in warmhouse booth to be 22%～34%,
When in warmhouse booth, soil moisture content carries out spraying and keeps the skin wet when being less than 22%, simultaneously when meeting rainwater weather by warmhouse booth
Outer rainwater is discharged, and makes soil moisture content in warmhouse booth be not higher than 34%；6. real-time monitoring control the humidity in warmhouse booth to be
75%, when in warmhouse booth, humidity is opened wide warmhouse booth and sprayed antibacterial when being more than 90%；7. aerosol apparatus are used within after planting 45 days
To Matteuccia strthiopteris seedling blade face water spray, injection flow rate does not form water droplet by blade face formation moisture film and is defined；8. 7 the end of month treated seedling leaves quantity
After reaching 3～5 pieces, to 54 hole seedlings nursing plates, in seedlings nursing plate, soil is mixed with the pig of becoming thoroughly decomposed of soil gross mass 20%～25% for point plant
Excrement, 1～2 plant of seedling is implanted in every hole, and watering to soil moisture content in seedlings nursing plate after point plant is 25%～30%, then covers thickness again
Spend the soil for 1cm and carry out moisturizing, seedlings nursing plate is placed in warm indoor wintering, in case field planting, control warm indoor temperature to be 24～30
℃；
4th, site preparation: select arable land, opening or woodland wasteland as field planting soil, site preparation process is: 1. ploughs: selects soil layer
Deep, soil property fertile loose, physical features is flat, fertilizer conservation water conservation and the plot having irrigation conditions first apply the Swine manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fertilising
Measure as 1800kg/ hectare～2200kg/ hectare, then carry out mechanical site preparation, plough deeply 30cm～40cm, harrow thin ridging, row spacing
65cm～70cm, by ridge field planting；2. opening: select opening in the woods that canopy density are 0.2～0.3, using manually cave-shaped whole
Ground, cave footpath 30cm, weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, dose is 1800kg/ hectare～2200kg/ hectare；3. woodland wasteland
Combine site preparation using small-sized machine with manually, strip site preparation, weeding enriches farm manure after loosening the soil, dose is 1800kg/ hectare
～2200kg/ hectare；
5th, it is colonized: the setting date of Matteuccia strthiopteris adopts following three kinds of forms: 1. the spring educates spring planting: when spring planting is educated using the spring, select spring
As setting date it is desirable to when spring soil moisture content is not less than 25%, be colonized in the arable land with irrigation conditions；2. the spring educates the summer
Plant: when summer plantinge is educated using the spring, select summer as setting date, select arable land, opening or woodland wasteland as field planting soil；③
Spring educates fall planting: when educating fall planting using the spring, selects autumn as setting date, when autumn, soil moisture content was not less than 25%, is dredging
It is colonized in forest land；
6th, rational close planting: be 1. used for the Matteuccia strthiopteris of greening, in arable land field planting, dense planting spacing in the rows is 10cm～35cm, and dense planting line-spacing is
65cm～70cm, dense planting density is 40,000 plants/hectare～150,000 plants/hectare；2. it is used for producing the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable, in sparse woods
Ground and the field planting of woodland wasteland, dense planting spacing in the rows is 35cm, and dense planting line-spacing is more than 70cm, and dense planting density is 10,000 plants/hectare～40,000
Strain/hectare；
7th, foster: look into lack and fill a vacancy it is ensured that Seedling is complete, reserved filling a vacancy uses Seedling, and pre- allowance is the 5%～10% of field planting quantity；
8th, manage: 1. rationally catch cropping, favourable sunshade: at the field planting initial stage, between the Matteuccia strthiopteris for arable land field planting, plant annual high bar agriculture
Crop；2. drought fills flood row, controls moisture: artificial soil moisture control content, and drought fills flood row, and soil moisture control content is 22%
～34%, for for produce the Matteuccia strthiopteris of wild vegetable annual spring sprout start growth after irrigate once, irrigate so that soil is contained
The water yield reaches 25%～30%, and once, irrigating makes soil moisture content reach 25%～30% for autumn freeze-up front irrigation；3. intertillage removes
Grass: artificial weeding, except early except little；
9th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1. prevent and treat downy mildew per hectare and spray 72.2% and general make every effort to overcome 800 times of liquid of water preparation or 64% Sandofan can
500 times of liquid of WP；2. prevent and treat virosiss per hectare and spray 1000 times of liquid of 1.5% ZhiBingLing(SIC) Emulsion, 5% bacterium water cleaning agent
300 times of liquid or 20% viral 500 times of liquid of a wettable powder；3. prevent and treat mite class disease pest per hectare and spray 1500 times of Chongmanke cream
Liquid；
Tenth, timely collecting: 1. for the Matteuccia strthiopteris for greening, field planting went out garden after 2 years, went out the garden time for spring or summer；②
For the Matteuccia strthiopteris for producing wild vegetable, it is colonized 5 years and gathers young stem and leaf after spring, acquisition time is in May first arrival 5 months
In ten days, Matteuccia strthiopteris length of blade reaches 10cm～13cm and fist volume is harvested when not stretching, one batch of harvesting every year.
2. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the air-dried process described in step one
Process is: puts into refrigerator freezing 2～3 weeks, takes out ventilation and dry in the shade or be placed at placement outdoor ventilation in sulphuric acid paper bag, through 2～3
Individual month, dislocation interior was placed 1～2 day at room temperature, completed to air-dry process.
3. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the not higher than room described in step 2
The condition of temperature is: room temperature, freezes under the conditions of cold preservation or -15～0 DEG C under the conditions of 1 DEG C.
4. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step 3 1. described in permanganic acid
In the mixed aqueous solution of potassium and formalin composition, the consumption of formalin is 30ml/m3, described potassium permanganate and formal
In the mixed aqueous solution of woods composition, the consumption of potassium permanganate is 15g/m3.
5. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step 3 1. in stifling when booth close
Close, in stifling latter 12 hours, people can not stop in booth.
6. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step 3 1. middle booth outer covering is saturating
Light rate is 30% sunshade net.
7. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step 6 1. middle dense planting density be 14
Ten thousand plants/hectare～150,000 plants/hectare.
8. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step 6 2. middle dense planting density be 2.8
Ten thousand plants/hectare～40,000 plants/hectare.
9. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step 8 1. described in annual
High bar crops are Semen Maydiss or Sorghum vulgare Pers..
10. Matteuccia strthiopteris artificial cultivation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that step 8 2. described in freeze-up be
Annual 10 the end of month are to mid-November.
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