CN1047193C - 压缩式制冷器用润滑油 - Google Patents

压缩式制冷器用润滑油 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1047193C
CN1047193C CN95117653A CN95117653A CN1047193C CN 1047193 C CN1047193 C CN 1047193C CN 95117653 A CN95117653 A CN 95117653A CN 95117653 A CN95117653 A CN 95117653A CN 1047193 C CN1047193 C CN 1047193C
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China
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
oil
polyoxyalkylene glycol
alkyl
acid
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN95117653A
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CN1128790A (zh
Inventor
川口泰宏
清水延晃
金子正人
永川浩
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP63313053A external-priority patent/JP2696542B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1051875A external-priority patent/JPH0768534B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1052822A external-priority patent/JP2761021B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1078171A external-priority patent/JP2554737B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP1100186A external-priority patent/JP2774307B2/ja
Application filed by Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd filed Critical Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Publication of CN1128790A publication Critical patent/CN1128790A/zh
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    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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Abstract

公开了一种压缩式致冷器用的润滑油，其主要成份由下列通式
表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物构成，其中各符号按说明书中所示。所述润滑油与致冷剂相容性良好，润滑性优良，适用作压缩式冷冻机的润滑油。

Description

压缩式制冷器用润滑油
本发明涉及压缩式制冷器用新的润滑油。更具体地说，本发明涉及涉及具有压缩机制冷器(压缩式制冷器)用润滑油，它由高润滑性和与1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(以下称作Flon134a)一类的含氢的氟化合物相溶性良好的主要组分——聚亚氧烷基乙二醇(polyoxyalkgleneglycol)衍生物构成：而该四氟乙烷可代替二氯二氟甲烷(以下称作Flon12)一类的氟化合物作为制冷剂。
一般来说，压缩式制冷器由压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀球和蒸发器构成，其作用机理是致冷剂和润滑油的混合物在密闭系统中进行循环。在这种制冷器中，尽管其取决于设备的种类，通常压缩机的温度升高到40℃或以上，而在冷却器中温度可降低到-40℃以下。所以，致冷剂和润滑油须在所述系统中进行循环而在多数情况(-40°～40℃)不发生相分离。
如果制冷器运转时发生相分离，则对设备的寿命和效率会产生非常有害的影响。例如，如果在压缩机中致冷剂和润滑油发生相分离，移动部件将会失去润滑作用，造成胶住或其它问题，大大降低了设备的寿命。如果在蒸发器中发生相分离，粘度很高的润滑油会使热交换的效率下降。
由于用制冷器的润滑油润滑制冷器的移动部件，自然其润滑性看作是很重要。尤其是在压缩机中，温度会变得很高，这样，足以保持润滑所需的油膜的粘度是很重要的。所需粘度随压缩机的种类和运转条件变化，但在与致冷剂混合前润滑油的粘度于100℃最好是2～250cst。如果粘度低于此范围，则油膜会变薄，从而失去润滑作用，而且密封性变差。反之，如果粘度高于此范围，则热交换的效率会下降。由于制冷器用的润滑油用在高低温度变化很宽的循环过程，其粘度指数最好高些，通常要求粘度指数为40或以上。除了上述特性外，为防止在膨胀球处由于结冰造成的球受阻，还要求低的吸湿性及其它特性。
以前，经常使用Flon12作为压缩式制冷器用制冷剂，用满足前述要求的特性各种矿物油和合成油作为润滑油。但是，近年来在世界范围内Flon12的使用越来越受到限制，因其易使环境受到污染，包括臭氧层受到破坏在内。
在这些情况下，含氢的flon化合物(包括Flon134a在内)作为新的致冷剂已引起人们日益关注。在含氢的flon化合物中，尤以Flon134a对臭氧层的破坏作用的可能性最小，可以代替Flon12，而对常用致冷剂的结构影响不大，因此是受欢迎的压缩式制冷器用致冷剂。
当用含氢的flon化合物(包括所述的Flon134a)作为压缩式致冷器用致冷剂代替Flon12时，所需要的润滑油与含氢的flon化合物(包括Flon134a)的相溶性很高，而且润滑性很高，足以满足上述特性。
尽管如此，由于用了Flon12的传统润滑油与含氢的flon化合物(包括Flon134a)的相溶性还不十分满意，因此，仍需要适于这些化合物的新的润滑油。但在此情况下，尤其是在汽车的空调器中，要求在替代Flon12的情况下不改变机械构造。因润滑油而大幅度改变机械构造是不理想的。所以，就需要一种与含氢flon化合物(包括Flon134a在内)相溶性很好的润滑油。
已经知道，由聚亚烷基二醇构成的Ulcon LB-165或Ulcon LB-525(商标，均由Union Carbide有限公司产)是与Flon134a相溶的润滑油，而且据报导，在-50-50℃或以下的低温下，这些润滑油以所有份数均溶解或与Flon134a相溶(“Research Disclosure”17463,1978年10月)。不仅如此，还知道了聚氧丙二醇-丁醚作为基础油的高粘度制冷器油组合物(日本专利公告42119/1982)。
这些润滑油是具有丙二醇的聚亚烷基二醇衍生物，其一端带有一羟基而另一端带有正丁醚键(正丁氧基)。它们在低温下与Flon134a相溶性较好，但高温下相溶性却不够，例如已了解到上述Ulcon LB-525在室温下会与Flon13ra发生相分离(US专利说明书4,755,316)。
另一方面，已提出在一分子中至少有两个羟基的聚乙二醇是与Flon134a相溶性较为满意的物质(US说明书44,755,316)。
但在所述聚乙二醇中，相溶性还是不充分。
同时，已经知道，聚乙二醇一般显示出温度依赖性，即掺有Flon混合物从低温加热到高温时，相分离的混合物一旦溶解又会发生相分离。
另一方面，已提出Flon134a和可将其溶解的化合物用于吸收型致冷器(日本未决专利79175/1989)。但所述吸收型致冷器在作用原理上与上述压缩式制冷器完全不同，在该专利实施例中介绍的四乙二醇二甲醚因其粘度特别低，不适宜用作压缩式致冷器的润滑油。
如上所述，迄今尚未发现与Flon134a的相溶性优良且具有很高润滑性的压缩式制冷器用润滑油，因此特别期望对其进一步开发。
为此，本发明人经过长期精心研究，开发出一种适用于压缩式致冷器的润滑油，所述致冷器用采用含氢的flon化合物(包括Flon134a)作为致冷剂，能替代Flon12避免环境污染问题和替代其它难以分解的flon化合物。
本发明的目的是提供一种压缩式致冷器用润滑油，这种润滑油与作为致冷剂的含氢flon化合物(包括Flon134a在内)的相溶性很好。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种压缩式致冷器用润滑油，这种润滑油在全部应用范围温度内与上述含氢的flon化合物相溶性良好。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种压缩式制冷器用润滑油，这种润滑油具有满意的相溶性，而且还具有上述润滑性。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种压缩式的润滑油，这种润滑油除具有上述特性外还具有抗扯裂性。
本发明包括以下润滑油Ⅰ～Ⅵ。
润滑油Ⅰ
压缩式致冷器用润滑油，其主要成份由以下通式表示的至少一种聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物构成：
Figure C9511765300071
其中R1表示C1-10烷基、C1-10酰基或2～6价脂肪烃基，R2是C2-4亚烷基，R3是C1-10烷基或C1-10酰基，n表示1～6中的一个整数，m为1～80中的一个整数。
润滑油Ⅱ
压缩式致冷器用润滑油，其主要成份由以下通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物构成：
      R4(OR’)kOH…(Ⅱ)其中R4表示C1-3烷基，R’表示C2-4亚烷基，k表示6～80中的一个数。
润滑油Ⅲ
压缩式致冷器用润滑油，其主要成份由以下通式
       R6-O-A-R7…(Ⅲ)和/或以下通式
Figure C9511765300072
表示的环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物构成，其中R6,R7,R8,R’和R10分别代表氢或C1-8烷基；A是环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的聚合链，由P倍环氧乙烷单元和q倍环氧丙烷单元构成，且p和q是满足以下条件的数：
0.1≤p/q=10,5≤p+q≤100。
润滑油Ⅳ
压缩式致冷器用润滑油，其特征在于由以下通式表示的磷酸盐(其中R16表示氢或C1-2烷基，r表示整数1或2。若r为2，则R16可相同或不同。但(R16)r的总碳数不高于3)与含有以下通式
      R11-O-A1-R12…(Ⅵ)和/或通式
CH2-O-A1-R13
CH-O-A2-R14…(Ⅶ)
CH2-O-A3-R13表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成分的基础油进行化合，在式(Ⅵ)和(Ⅶ)中，R11～R18分别表示氢或C1-3烷基，A1～A3分别表示由3～100个一种或多种烯化氧(含2～4个碳原子)构成的聚合链。
润滑油Ⅴ
压缩式致冷器用润滑油，其主要成份由以下通式表示的聚亚氢烷基乙二醇衍生物构成：(其中R17,R18和R19分别表示C2-4亚烷基，s,t和u分别表示1～30中的一个整数)且其粘度在40℃下为50～250cst。
润滑油Ⅵ
压缩式致冷器用润滑油，其特征在于含有(a)聚亚氧烷基乙二醇和衍生物和(b)选自(ⅰ)二元酸酯、(ⅱ)氟化油、(ⅲ)多元醇酯和(ⅳ)硅氧烷氟化物中的至少一种化合物。
首先说明润滑油Ⅰ。所述润滑油Ⅰ含有一种由前述通式(Ⅰ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成份。
在通式中，R1是C1-10烷基、C1-10酰基或具有2～6价的肪肪烃基，R2是C2-4亚烷基，R3是C1-10烷基或C1-10酰基，n是1～6中一个整数，m是一个数，满足m×n的平均值为6～80。
所述烷基既可以是直链、支链的烷基，也可以是环状烷基。所述烷基的具体例子是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、各种丁基、各种戊基、各种己基、各种庚基、各种辛基、各种壬基、各种癸基、环戊基、环己基等。如果所述烷基的碳数超过10，与Flon134a的相溶性将会下降，造成相分离。烷基的碳原子数最好是1～6。
在所述酰基中的烷基既可以是直链的、支链的，也可以是环状的。在所述酰基中的烷基的具体例子是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基各种丁基、各种戊基、各种己基、各种庚基、各种辛基、各种壬基、环戊基、环己基，等等。
如果所述酰基的碳原子数超过10，与Flon134a的相溶性会下降，造成相分离。酰基的碳原子数最好是2～6。
当所述R1和R3分别是烷基或酰基时，R1和R3相互可相同或不同。
此外，当n是2或更高时，在一个分子中的多个R3可相同或不同。
当R1是一个具有1～10个碳原子且2～6价的脂肪烃基时，所述脂肪烃基可以是链状或球状的。二价脂肪烃基的例子是乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、环戊烯基和环己烯基。3～6价脂肪烃基的例子是从三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、山梨醇、1,2,3-三羟基环己烷和1,35-三羟基环己烷一类的多元醇中脱除羟基后得到的基团。
如果所述脂肪烃基的碳原子数超过10，与Flon134a的相溶性会下降，造成相分离。优选的碳原子数为2～6。
在前述通式(Ⅰ)中，R2是C2-4亚烷基，且规定氧化乙烯基、氧化丙烯基和氧化丁烯基作为氧化烯基重复单元。在一个分子中的氧化烯基可以相同或以两种或多种变化，但最好在一个分子中包括至少一个氧化丙烯单元。
在通式(Ⅰ)中，n是1～6中的一个整数并按R1价数定义。例如，若R1是烷基或酰基，n是1。若R1是2、3、4、5或6价的脂肪烃基，n分别为2,3,4,5或6。m是1～80中的一个整数，若m超过此范围，则不能充分达到本发明的目的。
通式(Ⅰ)不仅指的是一种聚亚氧烷基乙二醇，而且还包括两种或多种衍生物的混合物。
所述润滑油Ⅰ用的通式Ⅰ代表的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物可按以下所示的各种方法加以制备。方法(A)：
使包括环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷在内的C2-4烯化氧与水或碱金属氢氧化物引发剂进行聚合，得到以下列通式表示的、在两端均带有羟基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇：其中a是平均值为6～80的数，R2定义如前。随后，将所述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的两个羟基醚化或酯化，或将一个羟基醚化而另一个羟基酯化，得到下列通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物：
Figure C9511765300112
其中R和R1分别为C1-10烷基或酰基，它们相互可相同或不同R2和a定义如上。方法(B)：
使C2-4烯化氧与C1-10一元醇或其碱金属盐作为引发剂进行聚合，得到下列通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇一烷基醚：
Figure C9511765300113
(其中R11是C1-10烷基，R2和a定义如上)，此化合物在其一端具有一个醚链，在其另一端具有一羟基。之后，将聚亚氧烷基乙二醇一烷基醚的羟基醚化或酯化，得到下列通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物：
Figure C9511765300114
(其中R2、R、R11和a定义如上)。方法(C)：
使C2-4的烯化氧与2～6价、C1-10的多元醇或其碱金属盐引发剂聚合，得到下列通式表示的、在其一端有一个羟基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物：
Figure C9511765300121
其中R″1是C1-10和2～6价的脂肪烃基，c是2～6中一个整数，b是一个数，其bxc的平均值为6～80,R2定义如上。之后，将所得的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物的羟基醚化或酯化，得到下列通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物：
Figure C9511765300122
(其中R2、R、R″1、b和c定义如上)。
在这些制备方法中，为了使在其一端有羟基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的羟基或其盐酯化，通常是使所述物质与一种C1-10脂肪族羧酸或活性衍生物(如酸酐，酰卤及其酯)反应，或者使所述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇或其衍生物的羟基转化成磺酸盐或卤化物，然后再与所述羧酸或其盐反应。
所述羧酸的例子是甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、癸酸环己烷羧酸等等。
当用所述酸或其酸酐进行酯化反应，或用所述羧酸的酯酯基转移时，一般使用酸催化剂，例如硫酸和对甲苯磺酸。当用酰卤进行酯化反应时，一般用胺作为脱卤化氢试剂。
另一方面，为了使在基一端有羟基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇或其衍生物的羟基醚化，一般是使其与碱金属(例如金属钠)或低级醇的碱金属盐(甲醇钠)反应，得到所述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇或其衍生物的碱金属盐，然后再与C1-10烷基卤化物或磺酸盐反应，或者使所述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇或其衍生物的羟基转化成磺酸盐或卤化物，然后与C1-10脂肪醇或其金属盐反应。
在由此得到的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物中，氧化烯单元的连接方式就氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯单元来说一般是头-尾连接，但在某些情况下也可包含头-头连接或尾-尾连接。
本发明的润滑油Ⅰ含有由通式(Ⅰ)表示的，并按此方法得到的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成份，而且可单独使用所述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物，也可使其两种或多种结合起来使用。可满意地使用所述润滑油，即使所述润滑油除了含有用前述通式(Ⅰ)表示的前述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物之外，还含有在其端部具有羟基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物，只要所述羟基含量不超过总端基的30％(摩尔)。
用前述通式(Ⅰ)中R1和R3是芳基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物不能达到本发明的目的，尽管其机理还不清楚。
通式(Ⅰ)中n为1,R1和R3是甲基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物是优选的。
推荐本发明的润滑油Ⅰ在100℃的粘度为2～50cst，较好为5～30cst，更好为6cst(通式(Ⅰ)中n=1,m=12)～30cst，最好为7cst(n=1,m=14)～30cst，最佳为9cst(n=1,m=19)～30cst，以便保持润滑所需的油膜厚度并保持足够的密封性。需要的话，本发明的润滑油Ⅰ中可加入用于常规润滑油的各种添加剂，例如抗载剂、俘氯剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、消泡剂、清洁分散剂、粘度指数改进剂、油性剂、抗磨剂、特压剂、防锈剂、缓蚀剂、倾点抑制剂等等。
上述抗载剂包括有机硫化物基添加剂，如一硫醚、多硫醚、矾、亚砜、硫代亚磺酸盐、硫化脂肪化物和油、硫代碳酸盐、硫酚、噻唑、甲磺酸酯；磷酸酯基添加剂，如磷酸-酯、磷酸二酯和磷酸三酯(磷酸三甲苯酯)；亚磷酸酯基添加剂，如亚磷酸-酯、亚磷酸二酯和亚磷酸三酯；硫代磷酸酯基添加剂，如硫代磷酸三酯；脂肪酸基添加剂，如高级脂肪酸、羟芳基脂肪酸、含羧酸的多元醇酯和金属皂；脂肪酸酯基添加剂，如多元醇酯和芳基酸酯；有机氯基添加剂，如氯代烃和氯代羧酸衍生物；有机氟基添加剂，如氟代脂肪酸、乙烯氟化物树脂、氟烷基聚硅氧烷和氟酸化石墨；醇基添加剂，如高级醇；以及金属化合物基添加剂，如环烷酸盐(环烷酸铅)、脂肪酸盐(脂肪酸铅)、硫代磷酸盐(如二烷基硫代磷酸锌)、硫代氨基甲酸盐、有机钼化合物、有机锡化合物、有机锗化合物和硼酸酯。
俘氯剂包括具有甘油醚基、环氧脂肪酸-酯、环氧脂肪化物和油的化合物和具有环氧环烷基的化合物。
抗氧剂包括苯酚(2,6-二叔丁基-对甲苯酚)、芳胺(α-萘胺)等等。
金属减活剂包括苯并三唑衍生物。
消泡剂包括硅氧烷油(二甲基聚硅氧烷)和聚甲基丙烯酸酯。清洁分散剂包括磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、琥珀酰亚胺等等。
粘度指数改进剂包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、氢化苯乙烯-二烯共聚物等等。
与致冷剂相溶性很高且润滑性优良的本发明的润滑油Ⅰ用于压缩式冷冻机，且特别适用于用Flon134a作致冷剂的压缩式致冷机，因为所述润滑油与Flon134a相溶性良好而与常规的润滑油类不同。而且，润滑油Ⅰ可以混合物的形式与另外压缩式冷冻机用的润滑油一起使用，目的是要改善其与致冷剂的相容性。
以下介绍上述滑滑油Ⅱ。这种润滑油Ⅱ含有前述通式(Ⅱ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成份。式Ⅱ中，R4是C1-3烷基，R5是C2-4亚烷基且k是6～80中一个数、最好是10～40。
这种烷基是甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基中任何一种。如果这种烷基的碳原子数为4或以上，则与含氢的Flon化合物(如Flon134a等)的相容性便会下降并发生相分离。在这些烷基中，最好是甲基。
在前述通式(Ⅱ)中，R5是上述C2-4亚烷基。因此，具有由OR5表示的重复单元的氧化烯包括氧化乙烯基、氧化丙烯基和氧化丁烯基。在一个分子中的氧化烯基可以相同，或者在一个分子中可以包含两种或多种氧化烯基。但是，优先选用在一个分子中至少含有一个氧化丙烯单元。氧化丙烯基中的亚烷基可以是直链基或支链基。
通式(Ⅱ)中的k平均是6～80、最好是10～40中的一个数。如果此平均值太小，润滑效果下降；如果太大，溶解度降低，因而不能令人满意地达到本发明的目的。
举例来说，通过以下方法制备出本发明润滑油用的、由前面通式(Ⅱ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。方法(D)
在两端具有羟基、由以下通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇按下述方法制备：
        H(OR’)kOH…(D1)(其中R5和k定义如前)，使C2-4氧化烯(如环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷)和水或碱金属氢氧化物引发剂进行聚合，然后通过醚化一个羟基得到下列通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物：
     R4(OR’)kOH…(Ⅱ)其中R4,R5和k定义如前。
可通过各种方法进行醚化，例如使聚亚氧烷基乙二醇与硫酸二烷基酯反应，使聚亚氧烷基乙二醇中的醇盐与烷基卤化物反应或使卤化聚亚氧烷基乙二醇(其中一个端羟基被卤化)与醇盐反应，等等。
聚亚氧烷基乙二醇与硫酸二烷基酯的反应通常是在-10℃～100℃、在碱金属水溶液的存在下进行5分钟～50小时。当反应是在40℃以上的温度下进行时，硫酸烷基酯中的两个烷基之一反应了，而在50℃以上时，而个烷基均反应了。需要的话，可用惰性液体作为溶剂。硫酸二烷基酯包括硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、硫酸二丙酯和硫酸二异丙酯。碱金属水溶液包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等等。
聚亚氧烷基乙二醇中的烷氧化物与卤化烷基的反应通常是在50～150℃及大气压或加压下进行30分钟～30小时。最好使用甲苯、四氢呋喃等一类的溶剂。卤化烷基包括卤化甲基、溴化甲基、碘化甲基、氯化乙基、氯化丙基、氯化异丙基等等。
使聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的一个端羟基在卤化后与醇盐反应的方法是在50℃～150℃下端羟基被卤化的衍生物(通过聚亚氧烷基乙二醇与亚硫酰二氯、五氯化磷、五溴化磷等一类的卤化试剂反应得到的)与醇盐反应30分钟～30小时。醇盐包括甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠内醇钠、异丙醇钠等等。
在上述方法(D)中，除了聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物(其中聚亚氧烷基的一个端羟基是烷基醚，另一个端基是羟基)之外，也可包括两端均是烷基醚的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物和聚亚氧烷基乙二醇物质。也可单独使用端基之一是烷基醚的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇。而且，可以混合物的形式使用而不必分离这些组分。方法(E)：
下列通式
   R4(OR5)kOH(Ⅱ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物(其中R4,R5和k定义如前)的制备方法是使C2-4烯化氧与C1-3一元醇或其碱金属盐引发剂进行聚合。
当使用醇作为原料时，使用0.05～1.3当量醇的碱金属水溶液。将醇和醇的碱金属水溶液或碱金属盐加到高压釜中并加热到50～150℃。在加压下，加入规定量的烯化氧，历时10分钟～50小时并进行搅拌，得到所需的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。一元醇包括甲醇、乙醇、丙醇和异丙醇。一元醇的碱金属盐包括甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠、异丙醇钠等等。
在上述方法(E)中，只得到这样的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物，其一端是烷基醚，另一端是羟基。因此，就此而论，方法(E)优于方法(D)。
由此得到的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物既可以单独使用，也可以其两种或多种的混合物的形式使用。
为了保持一定的油膜厚度以足以润滑，润滑油Ⅱ于100℃的粘度最好在2～50cst之间。
需要的话，可按照以上润滑油Ⅰ的同样方式向本发明的润滑油Ⅱ加入各种常规润滑油用的添加剂，例如抗载剂、俘氯剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、消泡剂、清洁分散剂、粘度指数改进剂、油性添加剂、抗磨剂、特压剂、防锈剂、缓蚀剂、倾点抑制剂等等。它们的具体例子如前所述。
以下详细说明本发明润滑油Ⅲ。
润滑油Ⅲ含有一种聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成份，所述衍生物含有通式(Ⅲ)和/或(Ⅳ)表示的环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷共聚物，其中R6、R7、R8、R9和R10分别代表氢或C1-3烷基(甲基，乙基，正丙基，异丙基)。特别地，R6和R7、或R8R9和R10最好均为烷基，尤以甲基为最佳。A是p倍环氧乙烷单元和q倍氧化丙烷单元的共聚物链，且共聚物的形式可以是任何嵌段其聚物、无规共聚物、交替共聚物等等。p和q满足以下关系：0.1≤p/q≤10，最好0.1≤p/q≤3，最佳0.2≤p/q≤2，而且5≤pq≤100，最好5≤p+q≤50。这样，本发明润滑油Ⅲ用的通式(Ⅲ)和/或(Ⅳ)的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物必须在含有规定部分中环氧乙烷单元和环氧丙烷单元如果p/q小于0.1，可能会出现这样的问题，即粘度指数降低，而且溶解度也会下降。如果p/q高于10，就会出现产物变成石蜡状且溶解度下降的问题。此外，如果pq小于5，会出现因粘度太低造成润滑性下降的问题。如果pq高于100，溶解度和热交换效率会令人生厌地下降。
以下为简明起见，环氧乙烷单元称作EO，环氧丙烷单元称作PO,A称作-(EO)m-(PO)n-。它们并不限于嵌段共聚物，而广泛应用到无规共聚物、交替共聚物等等。
用于本发明的通式(Ⅲ)或(Ⅳ)的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物的具体例子是：
H3C-O-(EO)20-(PO)20-CH3,
H-O-(EO)4-(PO)14-CH3,
H-O-(EO)15-(PO)15-H，
以上EO和PO的重复单元数只作为例子给出，在满足上述条件的情况下并不受到限制。
在本发明的润滑油Ⅲ中，可单独或以其两种或多种混合物的形式使用以上通式(Ⅲ)或(Ⅳ)的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。
本发明的滑滑油Ⅲ含有上述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成分。按照上述滑滑油Ⅰ的同样方式，需要的话可加入用于常规润滑油的各种添加剂，例如抗载剂、俘氯剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、消泡剂清洗分散剂、粘度指数改进剂、油性添加剂、抗磨剂，特压剂、防锈剂、缓蚀剂、倾点抑制剂等等，此外也可加入用作润滑油基础油的矿物油和合成油。如种添加剂的例子以在上文作了说明。
以下说明本发明润滑油Ⅳ。
本发明的润滑油Ⅳ含有一种由前面通式(Ⅴ)和/或(Ⅳ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成份，其中R11、R12、R13、R14和R15分别表示氢或C1-3烷基(甲基，乙基，正丙基，异丙基)。具体地说，R11～R15最好都是烷基，最佳为甲基。A1～A3是由3～100个、最好3～50个的一种、两种或多种C2-4烯化氧单元构成的(共)聚合物链。代表以上单元数的数字3～100表示稀化氧单元(环氧乙烷，环氧丙烷，环氧丁烷单元)的聚合数和含整数的实际数的平均值。也就是说，它们是含有由下列通式表的d倍烯化氧单元，
   -(RdO)-(其中Rd是C2-4亚烷基)和由下列通式表示的e倍烯化氧单元
   -(ReO)-(其中Re是C2-4亚烷基)的嵌段共聚物链、无规共聚物链或交替共聚物链，d和e分别为0～100，满足关系式d+e=3～100。当d或e为0时，它们成为其它烯化氧单元的均聚物链。如果de超过100，相溶性下降以至不希望地发生分离。
用于本发明的通式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的具体例子是
HO(C3H6O)4～40H
H3CO(C3H6O)4～40CH3
HO(C3H6O)2-30-(C2H4O)2～30CH3
H3CO(C3H6O)2～30-(C2H4O)2～30CH3 涉及以上嵌段共聚合反应的共聚物不仅包括嵌段共聚物，而且还包括无规共聚物或交替共聚物。
在本发明的润滑油Ⅳ中，上式(Ⅵ)或 (Ⅶ)的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物既可以单独使用，也可以由两种或多种类型的混合物的形式使用。
在本发明中，将上式(Ⅴ)表示的磷酸盐与含有上述作为主要成份的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇的基础油进行掺混。R16以及上述R11～R15表示氢或C1-3烷基，r表示整数1或2。若有两个R16则它们可表示不同的烷基，但总碳原子数须为3或以下。
通式(Ⅴ)代表的这种磷酸盐的具体例子是磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、磷酸三苯基酯、磷酸三异丙基苯基酯等等。在它们当中，优先选用磷酸三甲苯酯。
在本发明，要掺混的上述磷酸酯的量并不严格。通常，以待制备的冷冻机油的总量计，确定在0.1～5wt％较为合适，最好是0.2～3wt％。
在本发明润滑油Ⅳ中，通过使具有上述结构的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物与上述磷酸酯化合，磷酸酯作为抗磨剂的效果能充分显示出，而且抗扯裂性得到改善，同时损坏外观和降低高临界溶解温度一类的不良影响得到降低，作为冷冻机油的润滑性也得到改善。
本发明的润滑油通常含有上述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为主要成份，其中掺入通式(Ⅴ)的磷酸酯。另外，也可掺入用于常规润滑油的各种添加剂，例如抗载剂、俘氯剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、消泡剂、清洁分散剂、粘度指数改进剂油性分散剂抗磨剂、特压剂、防锈剂、缓蚀剂、倾点抑制剂等等。
此外，除了上述聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为基础油之外，需要的话，还可加入矿物油和合成油用作润滑油的基础油。它们的具体例于已在上文作了介绍。
以下说明本发明的润滑油Ⅴ。
如通式(Ⅷ)所示，这种润滑油Ⅴ是一种通过将烯化氧加到甘油中得到的化合物，其中R17、R18和R19可以是相同的亚烷基或不同的亚烷基。
可以使用加到聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物中的烯化氧(用于本发明，具有2～6个碳原子)，例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷等等。
在通式中，外加数值s、t和u是1～30中、最好2～15中的一个整数。
通式(Ⅷ)的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物可以不同外加数的混合物的形式使用。
聚亚氮烷基乙二醇衍生物的粘度取决于亚烷基的类型和外加数(s,t,u)。
用于本发明的聚乙二醇化合物的粘度须为50～250cst，最好60～200cst(于40℃)。如果粘度低于50cst，则密封性变差，如果粘度高于250cst，聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物则会不溶于致冷剂。
按照所需粘度，可以确定平均外加数和类型。
最好使用通过将环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷加到甘油中得到的这类聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。
例如，左列通式表示的甘油的环氧丙烷加合物于40℃下的粘度为116cst。右列通式表示的甘油的环氧丙烷加合物于40℃下为103cst。最好使用这两种化合物。
最好本发明用聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物的纯度为70wt％或更高。
在本发明的润滑油Ⅴ中，可将矿物油或合成油掺入上述聚二醇化合物中，掺入量为50wt％或以下。
最好掺入于40℃粘度为5～500cst的矿物油或合成油。例如，可使用(ⅰ)石蜡矿物油、(ⅱ)环烷矿物油、(ⅲ)聚α-烯烃、(ⅳ)烷基苯、(ⅴ)烷基联苯、(ⅵ)酯(受阻酯、二元酸酯，多羟基酯，磷酸酯、(ⅶ)聚二醇(聚亚苯基二醇，一宫能和二宫能的聚二醇)等等。其中，最好掺入在致冷剂中具有高溶解度的合成油(ⅳ)～(ⅶ)。
如果这些混合油的粘度变为低于5cst，则循环的油量提高，因蒸发造成的损失会增大，由此出现密封性差的问题。
在润滑油Ⅴ中，最好使水含量保持在500ppm或以下，更好为300ppm或以下，以200ppm或以为佳，尤以100ppm或以下为最佳。
如果含水量提高，则易生成锈，此外溶解度下降。尽管润滑油Ⅴ在上述各种特性中是优良的，但与其它润滑油(润滑油Ⅰ～Ⅳ和Ⅵ)相比，耐磨性相对较差。
在本发明的润滑油中，通常可添加各种添加剂、例如抗磨剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、俘氯剂、消泡剂，需要的话也可合适地加入其它添加剂。
以下说明本发明的润滑油Ⅵ。在所述润滑油Ⅵ中，用作组分(a)的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物并不严格，但优选选用至少一种选自下列通式代表的化合物
R20-O-(R21O)wR22…(Ⅸ)(其中R20和R22分别是氢、烃基或酰基，它们可相同或不同，R21是C2-6亚烷基，W是2或以上的一个数)和下列通式表示的化合物(其中R23、R24和R25分别是C2-6亚烷基，它们可相同或不同；R26、R27和R28分别是氢原子、烃基或酰基，它们可相同或不同； X、Y和Z分别是2或以上的一个数，它们可相同或不同)中的化合物。
通式(Ⅸ)中的R20和R22，通式(Ⅹ)中的R26、R27和R28分别是氢原子、烃基或酰基，所述烃基包括烷基、环烷基或酰基(分别具有1～30个、最好1～12个碳原子)。这类烃基的例子是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、不同的丁基、不同的戊基、不同的己基、不同的庚基、不同的辛基、不同的壬基、不同的癸基、不同的十一烷基、不同的十二烷基、不同的环戊基、环己基、甲基环己基、苯基、甲苯基、苄基、苯乙基等等。
酰基包括由脂族羧酸、脂环化合物或芳族羧酸衍生的那些基团(分别具有1～30个、最好1～12个碳原子)。这类酰基的例子是由甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、辛酸、月桂酸、环己烷羧酸和苯甲酸在内的羧酸衍生的那些酰基。
通式(Ⅸ)中的R21，通式(Ⅹ)中的R23、R24和R25分别是C2-6亚烷基、最好是乙烯基、丙烯基或丁烯基。在通式(Ⅳ)和(Ⅹ)代表的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物中，包含在一个分子中的重复单元氧化烯可相同或不同。
通式(Ⅸ)中的R20和R22彼此可相同或不同，但其中一个最好是烃基、最佳是烷基。由通式(Ⅸ)表示的聚二醇化合物的具体例子是
C9H19O(C3H6O)10H
C4H9O(C3H6)18H
HO(C3H6O)17H
通式(Ⅹ)中的R23、R24和R25彼此可相同或不同。R26、R27和R26彼此可相同或不同，但这三个基团最好都是氢原子。此外，X、Y和Z可彼此相同或不同。这种化合物的具体例子是
Figure C9511765300261
可按照常规方法制备通式(Ⅸ)或(Ⅹ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。例如，在制备通式(Ⅸ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物的方法中，使C2-6的烯化氧(如环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷)与水或碱金属氢氧化物引发剂进行聚合，得到两端都有羟基的聚二醇，如果由此得到的聚二醇的一个或两个羟基按常规方法被醚化或酯化，能得到端部具有醚键或酯键的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。
另外，如果C2-6烯化氧与所用的具有所需碳原子的醇或苯酚或其金属盐引发剂聚合，能得到一端具有醚链而另一端具有羟基的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。如果所述衍生物的羟基被醚化或酯化，能得到两端具有醚键或醚键和酯键的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物。
在制备通式(Ⅹ)表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物的方法中，如果使C2-6烯化氧与所用的甘油或其碱金属盐引发剂进行聚合，能得到两端具有三个羟基的甘油的聚乙二醇醚，而如果所述聚乙二醇醚的羟基按常规方法被醚化或酯化，能得到在两端具有醚键或酯键的甘油的聚乙二醇醚(聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物)。
在本发明的润滑油Ⅵ中，上述组分(a)之一可以单独使用，也可以两种或多种结合起来使用。
在本发明的润滑油Ⅵ中，选自(ⅰ)二元酸酯、(ⅱ)氟化油、(ⅲ)多元醇酯和(ⅳ)氟硅氧烷中至少一种化合物用作组分(b)。
举例来说，使用下列通式表示的化合物作为组分(ⅰ)的二元酸酯：
R29OOC-A4-COOR30…(Ⅺ)其中R29和R30分别是具有1～20个碳原子的烷基、环烷基或芳基，且可相同或不同，A4是亚烷基、环亚烷基或亚苯基。这类二元酸酯的典型例子是己二酸-二-2-乙基己酯、癸二酸-二-2-乙基己酯、环己烷-1,4-二羧酸二-2-乙基己酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯等等。
用作组分(ⅱ)的氟化油的优选例子是通式(Ⅻ)表示的一氯三氟亚乙基共聚物
Figure C9511765300271
其中X1和X2分别是卤原子，它们彼此可相同或不同，j是平均分子量为250～1500的数。市售的Daifloil10和Daifloil20(商标，均由Daikin工业有限公司生产)可以用作所述的一氯三氟亚乙基聚合物。
用作组分(ⅲ)的多元醇酯的优选例子是新戊二醇、甘油、三羟基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和山梨醇一类的多元醇的一价或二价脂族酯。
这类多元醇酯的典型例子是三羟甲基丙烷己酸酯、季戊四醇丙酸酯、季戊四醇己酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷己二酸酯等等。
用作组分(ⅳ)的氟硅氧烷的例子是通式(Ⅷ)表示的化合物：
Figure C9511765300281
其中R31、R32、R33、R34、R35和R36中至少一个是C1-30氟烃基，其它的分别是C1-30烃基、酰基、烷氧基或氟烃基，它们彼此可相同或不同，v是0或整数1或以上。
通式(Ⅷ)表示的氟硅氧烷中的烃基是烷基、环烷基或芳基、在氟烃基中，这些烃基的至少一个氢原子被氟原子取代。
此外，在所述烷氧基和酰基中，当脱除氧原子或羰基时，残余基团包括烷基、环烷基或芳基。这种氟硅氧烷的典型例子是市售的LS-8210(商标，Shin-etsu化学工业有限公司生产)。
在本发明的润滑油Ⅵ中，选自组分(ⅰ)、组分(ⅱ)、组分(ⅲ)和组分(ⅳ)的至少一种化合物作为组分(b)与组分(a)化合。所述组分(b)的用量限定在0.01～50wt％、特别是0.1～30wt％(以组分(a)和组分(b)的总量计)。如果其用量低于0.01wt％，高温下对氟烷致冷剂溶解性的改进效果不明显，如果其用量超过50wt％，溶解性或混合物稳定性将会下降。
只要不防碍本发明的目的，本发明润滑油Ⅵ中可加入各种致冷器油常用的添加剂。这类添加剂的例子是抗磨剂、抗氧剂、金属减活剂、俘氯剂、消泡剂、倾点抑制剂、粘度指数改进剂等等。
本发明的润滑油的润滑性及与致冷剂的相溶性优良，因此可用作使用氟烷(flon)致冷剂的各种致冷器(包括压缩式电冰箱在内)的润滑油。具体地说，本发明的润滑油与常规润滑油不同，与含氢的氟烷化合物〔如Flon134a等，例如1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(Flon-134),1,1-二氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷(Flon-123),1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷(Flon-142b),1,1-二氟乙烷(Flon-152a)，氯二氟甲烷(Flon-22)，三氟甲烷(Flon-23)〕相溶性良好。在整个温度范围内这种溶解性均令人满意。
所以，可以预料本发明的润滑油能有效地用作使用各种氟烷化合物致冷剂的电冰箱、冷却器(特别是空调器)、加热泵等的润滑油。这种润滑油可与其它压缩式电冰箱用润滑油混合使用。
参考以下实施例更详细地说明本发明。
制备例1
在一个配有搅拌器和滴液漏斗的200毫升三颈玻璃烧瓶中，加入50克Unilube MB-11(聚氧丙二醇-正丁醚，平均分子量：1000,Nippon Oil & Fats有限公司生产)、9.5克(0.12摩尔)吡啶和100毫升乙醚，然后在30分钟内，通过滴液漏斗加入9.4克(0.12摩尔)乙酰氯，同时在室温下搅拌。在加热回流2小时后，将反应混合物冷却到室温，转移到分液漏斗中并用每次50毫升饱和盐水洗5次。蒸掉醚后，在用真空泵减压下，将残余物于10℃干燥1小时，得到49.0克所需Unilube MB-11的乙酸酯。
制备例2
在一个配有搅拌器和蒸馏设备的300毫升三颈玻璃烧瓶中，加入75克Unilube MB-11(Nippon Oil & Fats有限公司产)和50毫升甲苯，并在边加热和搅拌下，边蒸掉20毫升甲苯以除去含水量。然后，取下蒸馏设备，安上冷却器和滴液漏斗，之后加11.9克(0.15摩尔)吡啶和50毫升甲苯。边在室温下搅拌，边通过滴液漏斗在30分钟内加入16.0克(0.15摩尔)正丁酰氯。加热回流4小时后，将反应混合物冷却到室温，倒入分液漏斗中并用每次50毫升饱和盐水洗5次。蒸掉甲苯后，在用真空泵减压下，将残余物于100℃干燥1小时，得到70.5克所需Unilube MB-11的正丁酸酯。
制备例3
重复制备例2同样的工序，不同的是用16.0克(0.15摩尔)异丁酰氯代替正丁酰氯，得到74克Unilube MB-11的异丁酸酯。
参考例1
重复制备例1的同样工序，不同的是用16.9克(0.12摩尔)苄酰氯代替乙酰氯，得到57.0克Unilube MB-11的苯甲酸酯。
参考例2
在一小配有搅拌器和滴液漏斗的200毫升三颈玻璃烧瓶中，加入50克Unilube MB-11(Nippon Oil & Fats有限公司产)7.9克(0.14摩尔)氢氧化钾和80毫升甲苯。然后，在30分钟内，将15.2克(0.12摩尔)氯苄通过滴液漏斗加入，同时加热和回流甲苯并搅拌。之后，加热和回流混合物4小时，冷却到室温，然后将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗中并用每次50毫升饱和盐水洗5次。蒸掉甲苯后，在用真空泵减压(0.1mmHg)下，将剩余物于100℃干燥1小时，得到49.0克所需Unilube MB-11的苄基醚。
制备例4
在一个配有搅拌器和蒸馏设备的300毫升三颈玻璃烧瓶中，加入65克聚氧丙二醇一正丁醚(平均分子量1120)和70毫升甲苯，并蒸掉约20毫升甲苯以除去水份，同时如热和搅拌。冷却后，加入25克(0.13座尔)甲醇钠的甲醇溶液(28wt.％)并加热蒸掉甲醇和约20毫升甲苯。冷却后，取下蒸馏设备，安上冷却器和滴液漏斗。然后，通过滴液漏斗在30分钟内加入30克(0.19摩尔)碘乙烷，同时于50℃加热和搅拌。于50℃加热和搅拌1小时、于70℃3小时和105℃1.5小时后，将混合物冷却到室温。之后，将反应混合物倒入分液漏斗中并用每次50毫升饱和盐水洗5次。蒸掉甲苯之后，在用真空泵减压下，将剩余物于100℃干燥1小时，得到58克所需的聚氧丙二醇一正丁醚的乙醚衍生物。
制备例5
重复制备例4的同样工序，不同的是用65克各端具有羟基的聚氧丙二醇(平均分子量为1100)代替聚氧丙二醇一正丁醚，并使用50克(0.27摩尔)甲醇钠的乙醇溶液(28wt.％)和60克(0.38摩尔)碘乙烷，得到62克所需聚氧丙二醇醚。
制备例6
重复制备例4的同样工序，不同的是用65克一分子中有三个羟基的聚氧丙二醇(平均分子量为1000)衍生物(用甘油作引发剂聚合环氧丙烷得到的)代替聚氧丙二醇一正丁醚，而且用50克(0.26摩尔)甲醇钠的甲醇溶液(28wt.％)和90克(0.58摩尔)的碘乙烷，得到61克所需聚氧丙二醇三乙醚衍生物。
制备例7
在一个配有搅拌器和蒸馏设备的300毫升三颈玻璃烧瓶中，加入50克Sannix PP-1000(各端有一羟基的聚氧丙二醇，平均分子量1000,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产)和80毫升甲苯，蒸掉20毫升甲苯以除水份，同时加热和搅拌。
冷却后，加入25克(0.13摩尔)甲醇钠的甲醇溶液(28wt.％)，并将混合物加热以蒸掉甲醇和约20毫升甲苯。
冷却后，将烧瓶内的混合物倒入一个配有搅拌器的300毫升不锈钢压热器中，加入36.8克(0.26摩尔)碘甲烷并密封。然后，将混合物于50℃～70℃加热4.5小时，并于85℃反应4小时。冷却到室温后，将反应混合物溶解在100毫升和200毫升甲醇的混合物中，并通过200毫升的阳离子交换树脂柱，然后再通过200毫升的阴离子交换树脂柱。
蒸掉溶剂后，将残余物在用真空泵减压(0.1mmHg)下干燥1小时，得到42.5克所需Sannix PP-100的二甲醚衍生物。在该衍生物中，由于羟基使红外吸收光谱(3450cm-1)损失了。
制备例8
重复制备例7的同样工序，不同是用60克Nissan UniolD-120(各端有一羟基的聚氧丙二醇，平均分子量1200，Nippon Oil & Fats有限公司产)代替Sannix PP-1000，得到49克Nissan Uniol D-1200的二甲醚衍生物。在该衍生物中，由于羟基，使红外吸收光谱(3450cm-1(3450cm-1)损失了。
实施例1～8，对照例1～4
测定制备例1和4的原料聚二醇、制备例1～8、参考例1～2中制取的化合物与Flon134a的相溶性。
将一定的样品加到压力玻璃瓶中，以使样品的量占Flon134a(1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)的10wt.％或20wt.％，且将该瓶连到真空泵和Flon134a气体管上，之后，在室温下使瓶真空脱气，用液氮冷却以带出规定的Flon134a。然后将瓶密封，在恒温箱中从-40℃加热并测定相分离的起始温度。较高相分离的温度是优选的。结果示于表1。
                                                  表1
   编号              样品       来自         粘度(cSt)    粘度指数   相分离的起始温度(℃)
     聚二醇与1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷之比(wt.％)
  40℃    100℃    10％     20％
实施例1实施例2实施例3对照例1对照例2对照例3实施例4对照例4实施例5实施例6实施例7实施例8   Unilube MB-11    的醋酸酯Unilube MB-11    的正丁酸酯Unilube MB-11    的异丁酸酯Unilube MB-11Unilube MB-11    的苯甲酸酯Unilube MB-11    的苄基醚一羟基聚氧丙二醇的乙醚衍生物一羟基聚氧丙二醇二羟基聚氧丙二醇的乙醚衍生物三羟基聚氧丙二醇的乙醚衍生物二羟基聚氧丙二醇的甲醚衍生物二羟基聚氧丙二醇的甲醚衍生物  制备例1的产物制备例2的产物制备例3的产物制备例1的物质参考例1的产物参考例2的产物制备例4的产物制备例4的物质制备例5的产物制备例6的产物制备例7的产物制备例8的产物  48.2346.7245.4456.1072.0349.3538.7053.041.5040.7632.047.56    9.779.969.6110.812.589.908.7110.069.018.107.509.70     194207203187175192214180206177214195    71.066.566.551.515.032.063.055.570.073.079.570.5     74.066.567.054.0-3.028.566.557.573.074.580.570.5
制备例9
在一个配有搅拌器和导管的200毫升不锈钢压热器中，加入3.0克甲醇钠粉，密封并于105℃加热，并将100克环氧丙烷通过导管加压下加到压热器中，历时9小时，同时进行搅拌。
在加入100毫升水和200毫升甲醇并溶于反应混合物后，使溶液通过200毫升阳离子交换树脂柱，然后通过200毫升阴离子交换树脂柱以除去钠离子。蒸掉甲醇和水之后，将剩余物在减压(0.4mmHg)下于100℃干燥1小时，得到96克所需聚氧丙二醇一甲醚。
制备例10
在一个配有搅拌器和导管的200毫升不锈钢压热器中，加入1.6克甲醇和0.2克氢氧化钠，密封，于105℃加热并将129.6克环氧丙烷在加压下通过导管引入压热器。
加入100毫升水和200毫升甲醇并溶于反应混合物后，使溶液通过200毫升阳离子交换柱，然后通过200毫升阴离子交换柱以除去钠离子。蒸掉甲醇和水后，将剩余物在用真空泵减压(0.4mmHg)下于100℃干燥1小时，得到115克所需聚氧丙二醇一甲醚。
制备例11
重复制备例1同样工序，不同的是用4.42克乙醇钠代替甲醇钠并将环丙烷的用量改为100克，得到97克所需聚氧丙二醇-乙醚。
实施例9～11和对照例5
测定制备例9～11中制取的化合物和一端具有一丁醚基而另一端具有一羟基的聚氧丙二醇与Flon134a的相溶性。
将规定的样品加到压力玻璃瓶中，以便样品的量占Flon134a(1,1,1,2-四氯乙烷)的10wt.％或20wt％，并将该瓶连到真空泵和Flon134a气管上。之后，在室温下使瓶真空脱气，用液氮冷却带出一定的Flon134a。然后，密封瓶，在恒温箱中从-40℃加热并测定相分离的起始温度。结果示于表2。较高分离温度是优选的。
                                                          表2
编号 样品 来自 粘度(cSt) 粘度指数   相分离的起始温度(℃)
     聚二醇与1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷之比(wt.％)
 40℃       100℃    10％          20％
实施例9实施例10实施例11对照例5 聚氧丙二醇一甲醚聚氧丙二醇一甲醚聚氧丙二醇一乙醚聚氧丙二醇一正丁醚 制备例9的产物制备例10的产物制备例11的产物Nippon Oil EFats有限公司制备的UnilubeMB-11  48.2       9.4557.2       10.9862.13      11.7056.1       10.8   184186187187    71.5          74.062.5          66.558.0          60.051.5          54.0
实施例12～16和对照例6～9
用各种聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物作为样品油，按以下试验方法测定相分离的起始温度(临界溶液温度)。
在10毫升玻璃压热器中，加入样品油和致冷剂(Flon134a)，二者的重量比为1∶9，然后密封并从均相溶液状态逐渐加热，测定样品油和致冷剂开始分离的温度作为临界溶液温度。结果示于表3。
                                       表3
   编号        通式(Ⅲ)的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物   动力学粘度(cSt)  临界溶液温度(℃)
    R6     R7    p+q     p/q
     100℃
实施例12对照例6对照例7对照例8实施例13实施例14实施例15对照例9实施例16     甲基甲基丁基丁基甲基甲基甲基甲基甲基     甲基甲基氢氢甲基甲基氢氢氢     40403634206323222      101011101      24.022.425.721.89.502.8621.922.99.45      49.09.532.0分离74.090.0或更高41.05.073.0
如表3所示，具有动力学粘度类似值的样品油的比较表明，实施例中的样品油的临界溶液温度比对照例(如实施例12和对照例6～8，实施例12和对照例9相比)的样品油的临界溶液温度要高。
实施例17～21和对照例10～24
用各种聚亚氧烷基乙二醇衍生物和其与各种添加剂的混合物作为样品油，并按以下方法测定其临界溶液温度、稳定性、抗磨性和抗扯裂性。
全部样品油的动力学粘度统一到约10cst(100℃)。
(1)临界溶液温度
在一小容量约为10毫升的玻璃压热器中，加入重量比为1∶9的样品油和致冷剂(Flon134a)并进行密封，然后从均相溶液状态逐渐加热。测定样品油和致冷剂开始分离的温度并作为临界溶液温度。
(2)稳定性
按屏蔽管试验(Shield Tube Test)进行评估。
将样品油和致冷剂(Flon134a)的2∶1混合物与铁铜或铝催化剂一起加到玻璃管中并密封，然后于175℃加热175℃。观察油和催化剂的外观，并测定总酸值。
(3)抗磨性
按法列克司磨擦试验(Falex Wear Test)进行评估。
以每小时10升Flon134a吹入量、300磅载荷1小时的时间，测定磨擦掉的量。
(4)抗扯裂性
按法列克司扯裂试验(Falex Seizure Test)进行评估。
按照ASTM D3233，以每小时10升Flon134a吹入量测定扯裂载荷(磅)。结果示于表4。
                                                                     表4
                        实施例                           对照例
   17     18     19     20     21     10     11     12    13    14
二羟基聚氧丙二醇聚氧丙二醇一甲醚聚氧丙二醇二甲醚环氧乙烷一环氧丙烷共聚物二甲醚甘油环氧丙烷加合物聚氧丙二醇一丁醚聚氧丙二醇二丁醚磷酸三甲苯酯磷酸二甲苯酯磷酸三壬基苯酯亚磷酸三苯酯二硫代磷酸锌二辛基硫醚临界溶液温度(℃)稳定性外观(油)(致冷剂Flon134)    99------1-----67.5良好     -99-----1-----67.5良好     --99----1-----66.5良好     ---98---2-----67.5良好     ----99--1-----67.5良好     -----99-1-----58.5良好     ------991-----52.5良好     -99------1----67.5良好    -99-------1---室温(模糊)未测    -99--------1--67.5良好
                                                        表4(续)
                       实施例                       对照例
    17    18    19      20    21    10    11     12    13    14
          催化剂总酸值磨耗量(300磅×小时)(mg)抗扯裂性(磅)    良好0.1或以下3800   良好0.1或以下4800   良好0.1或以下5800     良好0.1或以下4800   良好0.1或以下5800   良好0.1或以下5800   良好0.1或以下5800    良好0.5或以上5800   未测未测未测未测   良好0.5或以上5800
                                                                       表4(续)
                                                       对照例
   15      16     17     18     19     20    21     22    23     24
二羟基聚氧丙二醇聚氧丙二醇一甲醚聚氧丙二醇二甲醚环氧乙烷一环氧丙烷共聚物二甲醚甘油环氧丙烷加合物聚氧丙二醇一丁醚聚氧丙二醇二丁醚磷酸三甲苯酯磷酸二甲苯酯磷酸三壬基苯酯亚磷酸三苯酯二硫代磷酸锌二辛基硫醚临界溶液温度(℃)稳定性外观(油)(致冷剂Flon134)    -99---------1-67.5着色(黄色)      -99----------167.5着色(黄色)     -----99--1----58.5良好    100------------67.0良好     -100-----------67.0良好     --100----------66.0良好    ---100---------67.0良好     ----100--------66.5良好    -----100-------57.5良好     ------100------52.0良好
                                              表4(续)
                                                    对照例
    15    16     17     18    19    20     21    22    23     24
    催化剂总酸值磨耗量(300磅×小时)(mg)抗扯裂性(磅)    着色(Fe)0.5或以上7650   着色(Fe)0.1或以下7500    良好0.5或以上5800    良好0.1或以下5600   良好0.1或以下5600   良好0.1或以下5600    良好0.1或以下5600   良好0.1或以下5600   良好0.1或以下5600    良好0.1或以下5600
从上表4可明显看出，实施例的样品油要比对照例的临界溶液温度高，而且抗扯裂性要好。
实施例22～24和对照例27～31
对表5所示的组分，以1∶9重量比混合样品油和含氟致冷剂Flon134a，测定溶液的临界溶液温度。结果示于表5。
                                                表5
编号 组分    粘度(40℃)cSt       临界溶液温度1
 低温(℃)    高温(℃)
实施例22实施例23实施例24对照例27对照例28对照例29对照例30对照例31 甘油环氧丙烷加合物2(三宫能基)甘油环氧丙烷加合物3(″)甘油环氧丙烷加合物4(″)聚丙二醇一丁醚5(一宫能基)聚丙二醇6(二宫能基)三羟甲基丙烷环氧丙烷7加合物(三宫能基)山梨醇环氧丙烷加合物8(六宫能基)甘油环氧丙烷加合物9(三宫能基)     116％1031051501944275304 -50或以下-50″-50″-42-37未溶解10″″       80775787未溶解10″″
注：实施例和对照例各样品油的水含量均为300ppm。注：
1)临界溶液温度的测试方法
在一个容量约为10ml的玻璃压力容器中，以1∶9的比率加入样品油和致冷剂(Flon134a)并密封。在低温一侧逐渐冷却均相溶液，观察油和致冷剂分离的温度。在高温一侧，逐渐降低其温度，按类似的方法观察油和致冷剂发生分离的温度。
2)Sannix GP400,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产。
3)Sanix GP600,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产。
4)Sannix GP1000,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产
5)Unilube MB19,Nippon Oil & Fats有限公司产。
6)Sannix PP2000,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产
7)Sanix TP400,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产。
8)Sannix SP750,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产。
9)Sannix GP4000,Sanyo化学工业有限公司产
10)在普通温度下与致冷剂(Flon134a)不溶。
实施例22～24的组分在低温临界溶液温度是低的，而在高温临界溶液温度是高的。这表明，在操作温度下，能令人满意地进行操作而不发生致冷剂与冷冻机油的两相分离。
实施例25～27和对照实施例32～34
在玻璃管中，将6克样品油和Flon134a(二者的重量比为2∶1)的混合物与铁线、铜线和铝线一起放入，各线的直径为1.5mm，长为40mm，并密封。在175℃保温30天和60天后，用肉眼观测各金属线表面的变化。
铜或铝线的表面未见有变化，但铁线的表面观察到某些样品有变化。铁线的观测结果示于表6。已证实，水含量低的无变化。
                                           表6
编号 组分       屏蔽管试验(致冷剂：Flon-134a)
     170℃×30天铁线外观     175℃×60天铁线外观
实施例25实施例26对照例32对照例33对照例34 甘油环氧丙烷加合物(三宫能基)(含水量：300ppm)甘油环氧丙烷加合物1(三宫能基)(含水量：150ppm)甘油环氧丙烷加合物2(三宫能基)(含水量：1000ppm)甘油环氧丙烷加合物3(三宫能基)(含水量：1％)甘油环氧丙烷加合物3(三宫能基)(含水量：3％)        无变化(光泽稍有降低)无变化无变化(光泽损失)稍有变化脱色        无变化(光泽稍有降低)无变化(光泽稍有降低)稍有变化脱色脱色
表6注：
1实施例27脱水，制得的样品水含量为50和150ppm。
2实施例27在敞开状态下放置30小时，制得的样品水含量为1000ppm。
3实施例27加水，制得的样品水含量分别为1％和5％。
实施例28-33和对照实施例35
制备具有表7所示组分的冷冻机油。在一个10毫升玻璃压力容器中，分别加入冷冻机油与Flon134a致冷剂(二者的重量比为1∶9)并进行密封，然后从均相溶液状态逐渐加热。把测得的油和致冷剂开始分离的温度作为临界溶液温度。结果示于表7
                                                          表7
编号                          冷冻机油的组成(wt％) 临界溶液湿度(℃)
       组分(a)                  组分(b)的量
   Kind*  Amount   (ⅰ)    (ⅱ)    (ⅲ)     (ⅳ)
实施例   28″     29″     30″     31″     32对照     例35实施例   33     A-1A-1A-1A-1A-1A-1A-2     8776899099.910080    13------     -24--0.1-20     --11----      ---10---      62.064.057.559.053.551.567.5
*A-1:Unilube MB11
(聚丙二醇一丁醚，Nippon & Fats有限公司产)A-2:Sannix GP1000
(甘油环丙烷加合物，Sanyo化学工业有限公司产)表7注(续)
(ⅰ)：己二酸二辛酯DOA(二元酸酯，Mitsubishl Monsant有限公司产)
(ⅱ):Daifloil 10(氟化油，Daikin工业有限公司产)
(ⅲ):Unistar H-306(多元醇酯，Nippon Oil & Fats有限公司)
(ⅳ):LS-8210(氟硅氧烷，Shin-etsu化学有限公司产)

Claims (5)

1．一种压缩式制冷器用的润滑油组合物，该组合物包括：
(1)至少一种下列通式表示的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇：
         R1[(OR2)mOR3]n
其中，R1是C1-10烷基、C1-10酰基或2-6价的脂肪烃基，R2是C2-4亚烷基，R3是C1-10烷基或C1-10酰基，n是1-6中的一个整数，m是1-80中的一个整数，和
(2)含氢碳氟化合物，其中聚亚氧烷基乙二醇与含氢氟烃的重量比为1∶10-2∶1。
2．按照权利要求1的润滑油组合物，其中n是1，且R1和R3是甲基。
3．按照权利要求1的润滑油组合物，其中n是1,m是至少12，且R1和R3是甲基。
4．按照权利要求1的润滑油组合物，其中n是1,m是至少14，且R1和R3是甲基。
5．按照权利要求1-4中至少一项的润滑油组合物，其中所述含氢氟烃是1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷。
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JP63313053A JP2696542B2 (ja) 1988-12-13 1988-12-13 フッ化アルカン系冷媒用冷凍機油組成物
JP051875/89 1989-03-06
JP1051875A JPH0768534B2 (ja) 1988-12-06 1989-03-06 圧縮型冷凍機用潤滑油
JP052822/89 1989-03-07
JP1052822A JP2761021B2 (ja) 1989-03-07 1989-03-07 圧縮型冷凍機用潤滑油及びその製造方法
JP078171/89 1989-03-31
JP1078171A JP2554737B2 (ja) 1989-03-31 1989-03-31 フッ化アルカン冷媒用冷凍機油
JP1100186A JP2774307B2 (ja) 1989-04-21 1989-04-21 フッ化アルカン冷媒用冷凍機油
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CN92100669A Expired - Lifetime CN1033460C (zh) 1988-12-06 1992-01-30 压缩式制冷器用润滑油
CN94102249A Expired - Lifetime CN1034812C (zh) 1988-12-06 1994-03-02 压缩式制冷器用润滑油

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CN99105344A Expired - Lifetime CN1094970C (zh) 1988-12-06 1999-04-29 压缩式制冷器用润滑油

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CN1099789A (zh) 1995-03-08
DE68923263D1 (de) 1995-08-03
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CN1066286A (zh) 1992-11-18
CN1063217C (zh) 2001-03-14
CA2004473C (en) 2000-07-25
AU1215892A (en) 1992-05-14
CN1034812C (zh) 1997-05-07
DE68923263T2 (de) 1995-11-09
EP0634467A3 (en) 1995-03-01
ATE196772T1 (de) 2000-10-15
CA2305964C (en) 2002-05-21
ES2152282T3 (es) 2001-02-01
MY106024A (en) 1995-02-28
CN1158885A (zh) 1997-09-10
EP0634467B1 (en) 2000-10-04
CN1050627C (zh) 2000-03-22
AU4579089A (en) 1990-06-14
KR900009945A (ko) 1990-07-06
AU657417B2 (en) 1995-03-09
CN1094970C (zh) 2002-11-27
BR8906275A (pt) 1990-08-21
KR0131690B1 (ko) 1998-04-13
AU634684B2 (en) 1993-02-25
EP0634467A2 (en) 1995-01-18
CN1033757C (zh) 1997-01-08
CA2004473A1 (en) 1990-06-06
PT92493B (pt) 1995-09-12
CA2305964A1 (en) 1990-06-06
ATE124438T1 (de) 1995-07-15
AU624451B2 (en) 1992-06-11
AU4165693A (en) 1994-03-24
CN1043336A (zh) 1990-06-27
KR960002749B1 (ko) 1996-02-26
ES2076193T3 (es) 1995-11-01
PT92493A (pt) 1990-06-29
CN1128790A (zh) 1996-08-14
CN1249333A (zh) 2000-04-05
DE68929253D1 (de) 2000-11-09
CN1033460C (zh) 1996-12-04
KR0142125B1 (en) 1998-06-15
KR0131691B1 (ko) 1998-04-13
EP0377122B1 (en) 1995-06-28
EP0377122A1 (en) 1990-07-11
CN1174880A (zh) 1998-03-04

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