CN1015785B - 粘结磨具 - Google Patents
粘结磨具Info
- Publication number
- CN1015785B CN1015785B CN88107748A CN88107748A CN1015785B CN 1015785 B CN1015785 B CN 1015785B CN 88107748 A CN88107748 A CN 88107748A CN 88107748 A CN88107748 A CN 88107748A CN 1015785 B CN1015785 B CN 1015785B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- abrasive
- bonded abrasives
- bonded
- grinding
- abrasives
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
- C09K3/1418—Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/346—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised during polishing, or grinding operation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
粘结磨具,它比现有技术中公知的磨削某些硬材料的磨具有更可贵的有效磨削性能。它可以通过把传统的超级磨料和氧化铝磨料结合起来制成。其特征是,微结构主要由致密的十分细小的α氧化铝晶体或铝尖晶石例如铝酸镁组成。在最佳类型的氧化铝磨料中的主要微晶体最大尺寸不超过0.3微米,而且一般在放大约5000倍时,显示很少或没有规则面,而且大致等轴,纵横比不高于2,通常小于1.5。
Description
本发明涉及粘结磨具,特别是砂轮。它一般由分散的、不同粒度的磨料与不同性质的连续粘结材料,例如玻璃、固化树脂或金属混合而成。其中某些磨料是一种称之为“超级磨料”的材料,例如金刚石、立方氮化硼(CBN)或类似物。金刚石和立方氮化硼(CBN)可以是单晶体或多晶体。超级磨料比某些传统磨料,例如氧化铝、氧化锆-氧化铝和碳化硅,硬得多,但也贵得多。
每单位体积的超级磨料的价格一般是其它传统磨料的一千估,但是在磨削某些材料例如工具钢时,这种花费是值得的。采用超级磨料的粒度范围主要约为100-400。一般来说,在现有技术中,已发现虽然在一个含有超级磨料的砂轮中,通常要求有一定量的气孔,但是含有超级磨料的磨具的整个磨削性能与超级磨料在该磨具中所占的体积百分数密切相关。在现有技术中,已把超级磨料与传统磨料在磨具中一起使用,但是在这种产品中传统磨料的功能主要是作为一种填料,若作为磨料在磨具用于硬工件例如工具钢磨削时,对整个磨具的寿命没有什么作用。例如1987年3月24公告的马可霍夫(Makhouf)等人的美国专利US 4652277指出,使用碳化硅和氧化铝有助于使仅在轮缘部分有立方氮化硼(CBN)的砂轮轮缘部分和心部的热膨胀系数尽可能相互接近。但是它没有提出这些传统磨料做为磨料对砂轮的磨削性能直接有所贡献的建议。
已经发现,把一种特殊类型的烧结氧化铝磨料与超级磨料一起使
用,可是含有给定体积百分比的超级磨料的粘结磨具的磨削效率在很多应用中得到明显提高。适合于本发明的铝土磨料磨粒在此被称之为“微晶氧化铝”或“MCA”。这些磨料可以用例如美国专利US 4623364和US 4314827所述的溶胶、凝胶工艺制造。而以前一项专利的工艺最佳,它把十分细小的“晶种”加到溶胶中,晶种材料的量不超过最终产品中氧化铝总重量的5%,最好不起过2%。与不采用晶种的美国专利US 4314827的工艺相比,采用引晶技术获得的晶体结构细小得多,而且引晶产品制造的磨料具有更高的密度和硬度。MCA在砂轮成分中可以占到砂轮体积的大约47%,到少至占砂轮体积的10%。显然,MCA的量越大,所节省的成本越多。
本发明的目的在于提供一种烧结氧化铝和超级磨料一起使用的粘结磨具产品,它可用现有的工艺方法制造,成本低,并可提高磨削效率。
用于本发明的微晶氧化铝的特征在于它最好是一种微结构,正如通过在光学或电子显微镜下放大5000~20000倍作传统的横截面检查所揭示的那样,它主要含有致密的十分细小的α氧化铝晶体或铝尖晶石例如铝酸镁的晶体。大多数微晶的最大尺寸不超过0.7微米,而且经常是不超过0.3微米。大多数微晶在放大约5000倍时,一般很少或没有规则面而且大致等轴,纵横比不大于2,通常小于1.5。
除上述主要微晶特征外,本发明所用的微晶氧化铝MCA能够达到其它材料体积的大约40%。所说的其它材料,例如粗氧化铝条状晶体,据信是由一些主要是更细小的微晶生长形成的,或由具有粗劣
晶界的尖晶石基体形成的。
本发明所用的微晶氧化铝磨料MCA最好具有至少90%的密度,更好是具有与它们的化学分析相一致的至少95%的理论密度,而且最好具有至少16千兆帕的硬度,更好是至少18千兆帕,最最好是至少19千兆帕的硬度。
另外,本发明的混合磨料的特征是能够集中分布在磨具的外部,例如通过电镀把磨粒夹在支撑面上的金属电镀层之中,或通过把混合磨料放在钎焊型金属合金的周围,然后在真空炉中局部软化或熔化合金,使磨料充分渗进合金之中,以便在磨具冷却后能够固定住它们。这也是传统的适合于使用在本发明上的制造技术。一般来说,根据本发明,现有技术中公知的任何传统类型或形状的采用相当数量的超级磨料的粘结磨具,都可用本发明提供的用具有细小微晶氧化铝磨料取代部分超级磨料的方法,以另一种常规方式有利地制造出来。
本发明的实践和价值可从以下不受限制的实例中进一步得到理论。
实例1-5与对比实例C1-C6
这些实例所述的砂轮是用一种特殊类型的陶瓷粘结剂制造的,它具有表1所示的组分。
表1
陶瓷粘结剂Ⅰ的组分
氧化物分子式:Na2O K2O MgO CaO SiO2Al2O3B2O3Fe2O3TiO2
克分子数:0.47 0.07 0.25 0.21 3.77 0.58 0.65 0.01 0.03
配料以传统方法混合之后,压成半成品,放在窖中以每小时60℃的速度加热到1100℃,然后在无外来热输入的条件下闭窖冷却,直到窖达到室温为止。使用了三种类型的磨料:来源于通用电气公司的普通单晶立方氮化硼,在下表中以CBN表示:由马萨诸塞洲烏司德的诺顿公司(Norton Company of Worcester,Massachusetts)制造的并称为SG的微晶铝土磨料,在下表中以MCA表示;以及来自诺顿公司的牌号为32A的高纯度熔凝氧化铝磨料,在下表中以32A表示。全部所用磨料粒度等级是ANSI标准所规定的150或180。为这些实例所制砂轮,外径大约19mm,中心安装孔直径大约6.35mm,厚度大约15.9mm。砂轮的具体组分见表2。
表2
实例1-5和对比实例C1-C6的砂轮组分
实例号 体积百分比 备注
气孔率 CBN MCA 32A
C137 0 0 48
C238 0 48 0
C338 0 48 0 *
1 38 3 45 0
2 38 6 42 0
3 38 9 39 0
4 25 25 23 0
C425 25 0 23 *
5 25 37.5 9.5 0 *
C525 37.5 0 9.5 *
C625 50 0 0 *
*:这些砂轮的粘结剂中使用了普通高铝红柱石填料。
具有表2所示组分的砂轮,用具有外径大约70mm,中心孔直径大约25.4mm,厚度大约9.5mm的圆盘工件进行磨削试验。在一种在此简称为“ID磨削”类型的试验中,这种圆盘的内径在砂轮以每分钟10,000英尺的圆周速度下回转,以每分钟磨去金属2.43Cm3/min(低)和5.74Cm3/min(高)两种特定体积去除量为进给率,并假定砂轮无磨损的条件下进行内圆磨削。磨削时用一回转的金刚石工具以传统方法定期修整砂轮。砂轮和工件在磨削时用充足的普通油流(无色或Bagley 1572型)冷却。砂轮用普通磨床(Bryant 263型)驱动。工件由A·I·S·I·52100号工具钢制成,淬硬到洛氏硬度Rc60,磨削试验结果见表3。“G比”是磨掉的金属体积与磨去该数量的金属时砂轮磨损的体积之比。所示的相对G比和相对吸收功率值是取砂轮C1的数值为100,其它砂轮的数值与之相比较,所得的与砂轮C1这一值的相应比值。
Claims (8)
1、一种粘结磨具,一般由分散的、不同粒度的磨料粘结在与该磨料化学性质不同的一种粘结材料的基体上组成,其改进之处是:磨具中具有超级磨料和铝土两种磨料,其特征在于铝土磨料主要由最大尺寸不超过一微米的,大致等轴的α氧化铝或铝尖晶石微晶体所组成。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种粘结磨具,其中所述的微晶体的最大尺寸不超过0.7微米。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种粘结磨具,其中所述的微晶体的最大尺寸不超过0.3微米。
4、根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的一种粘结磨具,其中所述的氧化铝磨料是无晶格的。
5、根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的一种粘结磨具,其中所述的氧化铝磨料具有至少18千兆帕的硬度。
6、根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的一种粘结磨具,其中所述的粘结材料基本上是由金属氧化物组成的一种玻璃。
7、根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的一种粘结磨具,其中超级磨料的体积不超过磨具总体积的9%。
8、根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的一种粘结磨具,其中所述的粘结材料是一种酚的树脂固化物,而且该氧化铝磨料在被粘结进磨具之前镀了镍。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US9578187A | 1987-09-14 | 1987-09-14 | |
US095,781 | 1987-09-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1032512A CN1032512A (zh) | 1989-04-26 |
CN1015785B true CN1015785B (zh) | 1992-03-11 |
Family
ID=22253560
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88107748A Expired CN1015785B (zh) | 1987-09-14 | 1988-09-14 | 粘结磨具 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0335930B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2643401B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR950010538B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1015785B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE117233T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1331838C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3852819T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2008823A6 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR1000486B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1989002344A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1047193C (zh) * | 1988-12-06 | 1999-12-08 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 压缩式制冷器用润滑油 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2043283A1 (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1992-01-07 | William F. Mccutcheon | Coated abrasives |
JP2954996B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-23 | 1999-09-27 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 工具用焼結材料 |
US5387268A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1995-02-07 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Sintered alumina abrasive grain and abrasive products |
ES2391686T3 (es) * | 2007-03-14 | 2012-11-29 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Artículo abrasivo aglomerado y método de fabricación |
MX354090B (es) | 2007-03-14 | 2018-02-13 | Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc | Articulo abrasivo ligado y metodo de fabricacion. |
CN101851488A (zh) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-06 | 三河市科大博德粉末有限公司 | 陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨块及其制造方法 |
MX2012006147A (es) * | 2009-12-02 | 2012-07-10 | Saint Gobain Abrasifs Sa | Articulo abrasivo aglomerado y metodo de formacion. |
MX2015005167A (es) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-09-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Particulas abrasivas conformadas, metodos de fabricacion, y articulos abrasivos que las incluyen. |
CN105563351B (zh) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-07-10 | 中原工学院 | 一种人造锆宝石抛光加工用的金刚石磨盘 |
CN110253460B (zh) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-05-22 | 广东奇亮磨具有限公司 | 一种耐高温磨削耐磨型金刚磨块及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (21)
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CH259538A (fr) * | 1946-04-09 | 1949-01-31 | A C Wickman Ltd | Corps abrasif et procédé de fabrication de ce corps. |
US2979414A (en) * | 1957-11-15 | 1961-04-11 | Us Ceramic Tile Company | Ceramic tool material |
US3437468A (en) * | 1966-05-06 | 1969-04-08 | Du Pont | Alumina-spinel composite material |
US3940276A (en) * | 1973-11-01 | 1976-02-24 | Corning Glass Works | Spinel and aluminum-base metal cermet |
US3944398A (en) * | 1974-04-30 | 1976-03-16 | Frank Rutherford Bell | Method of forming an abrasive compact of cubic boron nitride |
US4314827A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1982-02-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Non-fused aluminum oxide-based abrasive mineral |
US4518397A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1985-05-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Articles containing non-fused aluminum oxide-based abrasive mineral |
JPS56152583A (en) * | 1980-04-23 | 1981-11-26 | Daichiku:Kk | Resinoid-bonded cutting wheel |
US4334895A (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1982-06-15 | Norton Company | Glass bonded abrasive tool containing metal clad graphite |
JPS5796780A (en) * | 1980-12-02 | 1982-06-16 | Katsuhiro Segawa | Abrasive |
ZA823417B (en) * | 1981-05-27 | 1983-03-30 | Kennecott Corp | Superior high sodium and calcium sol gel abrasive and process for its production |
JPS5890466A (ja) * | 1982-11-04 | 1983-05-30 | Toshiba Corp | 研削砥石 |
US4543107A (en) * | 1984-08-08 | 1985-09-24 | Norton Company | Vitrified bonded grinding wheels containing sintered gel aluminous abrasive grits |
DE3346772A1 (de) * | 1983-12-23 | 1985-09-26 | Leningradskij technologičeskij institut imeni Lensoveta, Leningrad | Alkalifreies bleiborosilikatglas und mischung zur herstellung eines schleifwerkzeuges mit diesem glas als glasbinder |
US4623364A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1986-11-18 | Norton Company | Abrasive material and method for preparing the same |
NZ210805A (en) * | 1984-01-19 | 1988-04-29 | Norton Co | Aluminous abrasive grits or shaped bodies |
CA1254238A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1989-05-16 | Alvin P. Gerk | Process for durable sol-gel produced alumina-based ceramics, abrasive grain and abrasive products |
JPS6284977A (ja) * | 1985-10-05 | 1987-04-18 | Canon Inc | 研削用ペレツト |
JPS62130179A (ja) * | 1985-11-29 | 1987-06-12 | Fujimi Kenmazai Kogyo Kk | 研削用組成物 |
US4770671A (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1988-09-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Abrasive grits formed of ceramic containing oxides of aluminum and yttrium, method of making and using the same and products made therewith |
US4652277A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-03-24 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Composition and method for forming an abrasive article |
-
1988
- 1988-09-13 JP JP63507940A patent/JP2643401B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-13 DE DE3852819T patent/DE3852819T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1988-09-13 WO PCT/US1988/003138 patent/WO1989002344A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-13 KR KR1019890700801A patent/KR950010538B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-13 EP EP88908625A patent/EP0335930B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1988-09-13 AT AT88908625T patent/ATE117233T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-14 GR GR880100599A patent/GR1000486B/el not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-14 CN CN88107748A patent/CN1015785B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-09-14 ES ES8802814A patent/ES2008823A6/es not_active Expired
- 1988-09-14 CA CA000577333A patent/CA1331838C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1047193C (zh) * | 1988-12-06 | 1999-12-08 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 压缩式制冷器用润滑油 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1989002344A1 (en) | 1989-03-23 |
CA1331838C (en) | 1994-09-06 |
EP0335930B1 (en) | 1995-01-18 |
JPH02501209A (ja) | 1990-04-26 |
ATE117233T1 (de) | 1995-02-15 |
JP2643401B2 (ja) | 1997-08-20 |
KR890701284A (ko) | 1989-12-20 |
DE3852819T2 (de) | 1995-06-01 |
GR1000486B (el) | 1992-07-30 |
GR880100599A (en) | 1989-06-22 |
ES2008823A6 (es) | 1989-08-01 |
EP0335930A4 (en) | 1990-09-26 |
KR950010538B1 (ko) | 1995-09-19 |
DE3852819D1 (de) | 1995-03-02 |
EP0335930A1 (en) | 1989-10-11 |
CN1032512A (zh) | 1989-04-26 |
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