CN104651277A - Straw composting bacterium agent as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Straw composting bacterium agent as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a straw composting bacterium agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof and relates to the straw composting bacterium agent. The straw composting bacterium agent is compounded of 5-15 percent of bacillus subtilis powder, 50-70 percent of trichoderma longibrachiatum powder and 25-45 percent of streptomyces griseorubens powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively preparing zymophytes of bacillus subtilis, trichoderma longibrachiatum and streptomyces griseorubens and products thereof by adopting a solid fermentation method; drying and crushing to form the bacillus subtilis powder, the trichoderma longibrachiatum powder and the streptomyces griseorubens powder; mixing to obtain the straw composting bacterium agent. The straw composting bacterium agent can be applied to preparation of a straw composting and degrading agent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to decomposing microbial inoculum, particularly relate to a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum that energy is quick, original position becomes thoroughly decomposed agricultural crop straw and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
The main component of agricultural crop straw is fiber, and is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and organic matter etc., is that one has multiduty reproducible Biological resources.The average annual output of China's agricultural crop straw has 700,000,000 tons, wherein 1/3rd be dropped or burn, and crop straw burning can increase CO in air
2content and pellet etc., not only cause the wasting of resources, also cause serious environmental pollution, be detrimental to health.
The main method that China solves big area stalk problem is at present direct returning to farmland, but also field speed slowly and directly cause the soil moisture low, affect plant growth, therefore the biological effectiveness of straw-returning is low.Can be improved the utilization ratio of stalk to a certain extent by straw compost, but stalk fibre complex structure, single microorganism is weak to its capacity of decomposition, causes stalk Natural compost to there is decomposition cycle long, the problem such as compost quality is poor.Decomposing microbial inoculum is that multiple-microorganism mixes composite bacteria agent, and different microorganisms can synthesize different enzyme system.Decomposing microbial inoculum is added then by the effective degrading straw of cooperative compensating effect of different microorganisms in stalk, strengthen the bioavailability of stalk, improve soil fertility, improve crop yield and quality, effectively advance the Sustainable development of agricultural simultaneously, and realize the reproducible utilization of resource.But the enzyme work that there is degradation of fibers prozyme in current straw decomposing inoculant is not high, original position becomes thoroughly decomposed the problems such as efficiency is not good, evaluation index is extensive.
The open crop straw decomposing inoculant of Chinese patent 201310611671.7 and using method, when utilizing this patent system for decomposing microbial inoculum, need additionally to add cellulase preparation in the mixing thalline thing of subtilis, aspergillus niger, Candida utilis, viride, aspergillus oryzae, the straw decomposing time is shortened to some extent; Chinese patent 201310641595.4 starts straw decomposing inoculant become thoroughly decomposed and preparation method thereof under disclosing a kind of low-temperature condition fast, and same needs adds extra zymin at decomposing microbial inoculum, thus improves the cellulase activity of decomposing microbial inoculum.
Be re-used as after the rotten fermentation of stalk heap fertilizer also field be a kind of method extensively adopted at present, Chinese patent 201010228347.3,201310666396.9,201310308892.7 all provides the straw decomposing microbial inoculum for piling rotten fermentation, and the rotten fermentation of stalk heap has expense labour, shortcoming that cost is high.
Summary of the invention
In view of existing decomposing microbial inoculum above shortcomings; the object of the present invention is to provide high microsteping prozyme enzyme to live and nature complex environment can be overcome and carry out original position and become thoroughly decomposed; utilize the synergy fast degradation stalk of microorganism and biological enzyme; effectively improve soil fertility; improve crop yield and quality, a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum of preserving the ecological environment and its preparation method and application.
Slightly red streptomyces pulvis is composite forms by bacillus subtilis bacteria powder, the long shoot mould pulvis of wood and ash for described straw decomposing microbial inoculum, by mass percentage consist of bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 5% ~ 15%, the mould pulvis 50% ~ 70% of long shoot wood, ash slightly red streptomyces pulvis 25% ~ 45%;
Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) three torches-07, long shoot wood mould (Trichoderma longibrachiatum) three torch-08 and ash slightly red streptomyces (Streptomyces griseorubens) three torch-09 have been preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center all, preservation centre address is No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, postcode 100101, preservation date is on December 29th, 2014, preservation center numbering of registering on the books is respectively CGMCC No.10248, CGMCC No.10144, CGMCC No.10247.
The preparation method of described straw decomposing microbial inoculum, concrete steps are as follows:
Subtilis, mould, grey fermentation thalli and the product thereof omiting red streptomyces of long shoot wood is prepared respectively by solid state fermentation, crushed after being dried becomes bacillus subtilis bacteria powder, the long shoot mould pulvis of wood and ash slightly red streptomyces pulvis, namely obtains straw decomposing microbial inoculum after mixing.
The composition being prepared the liquid seed culture medium that the fermentation thalli of subtilis and product thereof adopt by solid state fermentation be can be: glucose 20.0g/L, peptone 16.7g/L, NaCl 5.3g/L, extractum carnis 5.3g/L, pH 7.0; Solid medium by mass percentage consist of wheat bran 93.97%, bean cake powder 4.94%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NH
4sO
40.05%, CaCO
30.99%, mix 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1h after adding the water of culture material total mass 50%.
Prepare by solid state fermentation the composition of liquid seed culture medium that the long shoot mould fermentation thalli of wood and product thereof adopt can be: potato dextrose medium pulvis 33.3g/L, pH nature; Solid medium by mass percentage consist of wheat bran 93.97%, bean cake powder 4.94%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NH
4sO
40.05%, CaCO
30.99%, mix 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1h after adding the water of culture material total mass 50%.
The composition of the liquid seed culture medium adopted by fermentation thalli and the product thereof of the grey slightly red streptomyces of solid state fermentation preparation be can be: millet 20.0g/L, KNO
31.0g/L, K
2hPO
40.5g/L, MgSO
47H
2o 0.5g/L, NaCl 0.5g/L, pH 7.2; Solid medium by mass percentage consist of millet 99.42%, KNO
30.1%, K
2hPO
40.05%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NaCl 0.05%, CaCO
30.33%, pH is 7.2, and after millet soaks 24h in the ratio of 1.8mL/g, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min mix with other composition again.
Condition and the requirement thereof of solid state fermentation are as follows:
Subtilis liquid seeds is seeded in solid medium with the ratio of 100mL/kg, in 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 ~ 8d, and fermented product moisture≤21% during fermentation ends, living bacteria count is >=50 hundred million/g;
The mould liquid seeds of long shoot wood is seeded in solid medium with the ratio of 100mL/kg, in 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 ~ 9d, and fermented product moisture≤20% during fermentation ends, living bacteria count is >=1.5 hundred million/g;
Ash slightly red streptomyces liquid seeds is seeded in solid medium with the ratio of 100mL/kg, and in 50 DEG C of fermentation 2 ~ 5d, fermented product moisture≤15% during fermentation ends, living bacteria count is >=0.2 hundred million/g.
Described straw decomposing microbial inoculum can be applied preparing in straw decomposing degradation agents.
Straw decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention, red streptomyces (Streptomyces griseorubens) bacterium is omited for preparing bacterial classification with subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), long shoot wood mould (Trichodermalongibrachiatum), ash, three kinds of bacterial strains are inoculated in liquid seed culture medium respectively and make seed liquor, and then be inoculated into by a certain percentage respectively in solid medium.
The present invention has following outstanding advantages:
The subtilis that the present invention adopts, the mutual not antagonism of mould, the grey slightly red streptomyces of long shoot wood, and the multiply anchor-pile of synthesis and degradation fiber can be secreted, the biological enzyme of three kinds of bacterium and secretion thereof forms an efficient collaboration system, and can become thoroughly decomposed stalk rapidly.Subtilis has the enzyme work of higher lignoenzyme, hemicellulase, cellulase, can effective decomposing straw, improve straw decomposing effect, and subtilis can synthesize linear gramicidins, subtilyne, polymyxin isoreactivity thing in growth and breeding process, effectively can suppress the growth of crop pathogenic bacterium.Long shoot wood is mould is one of bacterial strain that cellulase-producing ability is stronger, obviously can promote the straw decomposing process based on degraded cellulose.Ash slightly red streptomyces can produce multiple meta-bolites, except having cellulase activity, has multiple cellulosic enzyme activity simultaneously, can accelerate the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed further.
The strain combination of decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention is simple, preparation method is simple and easy, the composite degradation efficiency that effectively can improve straw decomposing whole process of three strain bacterium, utilize the optimum combination of three strain bacterium that the time of straw decomposing can be made greatly to shorten, without the need to additionally adding zymin, straw decomposing the most about can be made to complete 30d in advance.In addition, after the stalk that with the addition of decomposing microbial inoculum becomes thoroughly decomposed in position, Soil structure and fertility can be improved, suppress soil soil-borne disease, improve the quantity and quality of crop, there is important economic worth and far-reaching ecological significance.Therefore the described straw decomposing microbial inoculum prepared of the present invention can be applied preparing in straw decomposing degradation agents.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art can understand the present invention further, enumerating specific embodiments of the invention below, describing technical scheme of the present invention in detail.Test method described in embodiment, reagent and material, if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels or prepare in conventional manner.It is emphasized that embodiment be not technical solution of the present invention likely embodiment exhaustive, therefore be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.
Preparation method and the field test embodiment of straw decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention are as follows.
The preparation of embodiment 1 bacillus subtilis bacteria powder
1, the subtilis activation will be stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, and with transfering loop scraping colony inoculation in nutritive liq seed culture medium, 30 DEG C, 180rpm shake-flask culture 2d.Liquid seed culture medium formula (g/L) is glucose 20.0, peptone 16.7, NaCl 5.3, extractum carnis 5.3, pH 7.0.
2, the liquid seeds liquid of preparation is seeded in solid-state fermentation culture medium with the ratio of 100mL/kg, stirs, in 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 8d.Solid-state fermentation culture medium formula (W%) is wheat bran 93.97%, bean cake powder 4.94%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NH
4sO
40.05%, CaCO
30.99%, after adding 50% water of culture material weight, stir, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
3, subtilis its living bacteria count after shaking flask enlarged culturing, solid state fermentation 8d reaches about 6,700,000,000/g, gemma number about 5,000,000,000/g, and gemma rate is about 83%, cellulase activity 102U/g, pH 6.9, moisture 21%.
4, collect subtilis thalline and tunning thereof, be ground into pulvis (being no more than 10s) with pulverizer, pulvis sealed for subsequent use.
The preparation of the mould pulvis of embodiment 2 long shoot wood
1, the mould activation of long shoot wood will be stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, prepares spore suspension, is seeded in the nutritive liq seed culture medium of 200mL, 30 DEG C, 180rpm shake-flask culture 2d by the mould spore suspension of 1mL long shoot wood.Nutritive liq seed culture based formulas is potato dextrose medium pulvis 33.3g/L, natural pH, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
2, the liquid seeds of preparation is thought that the ratio of 100mL/kg is seeded in solid-state fermentation culture medium, stir, in 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 8d.Solid-state fermentation culture medium formula (W%) is wheat bran 93.97%, bean cake powder 4.94%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NH
4sO
40.05%, CaCO
30.99%, stir after adding 50% water of culture material weight, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1h.
3, long shoot wood mould after shaking flask enlarged culturing, solid state fermentation 8d its living bacteria count reach about 2.1 hundred million/g, cellulase activity reaches 94U/g, pH 6.8, moisture 20%.
4, collect long shoot Trichoderma body and tunning thereof, be ground into pulvis (being no more than 10s) with pulverizer, pulvis sealed for subsequent use.
Embodiment 3 ash omits the preparation of red streptomyces pulvis
1, will the ash that be stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators slightly red streptomyces activation, with transfering loop scraping ash slightly red streptomyces spore inoculating in 200mL nutritive liq seed liquor Shake flask medium, 50 DEG C, 180rpm cultivates 2d.The liquid seed culture medium formula (g/L) that ash omits red streptomyces is millet 20.0, KNO
31.0, K
2hPO
40.5, MgSO
47H
2o 0.5, NaCl 0.5, pH 7.2.
2, be seeded in solid-state fermentation culture medium by the liquid seeds liquid of preparation with the ratio of 100mL/kg, stir, tray hides (leaving the gap of 1cm), 50 DEG C of fermentation 5d.Solid-state fermentation culture medium formula (W%) is millet 99.42%, KNO
30.1%, K
2hPO
40.05%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NaCl 0.05%, CaCO
30.33%, pH 7.2, after millet soaks 24h in the ratio of 1.8mL/g, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min mix with other composition again.
3, grey slightly red streptomyces its living bacteria count after shaking flask enlarged culturing, solid state fermentation 5d reaches about 0.33 hundred million/g, pH 6.6, moisture 14.5%.
4, collect ash slightly red streptomyces thalline and tunning thereof, be ground into pulvis (being no more than 10s) with pulverizer, pulvis sealed for subsequent use.
The preparation of embodiment 4 decomposing microbial inoculum
Obtain the nutrition seed liquor of each thalline according to the method for the step 1 in the preparation method of embodiment 1 ~ 3, the nutrition seed liquor of each thalline is inoculated in solid medium according to a certain percentage, cultivates as follows, obtain pulvis A, pulvis B, pulvis C respectively.
1, subtilis, in solid medium, 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4d, collect its thalline and tunning, are pulverized and make pulvis A.
2, long shoot wood is mould, and in solid medium, 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 5d, collect its thalline and tunning, are pulverized and make pulvis B.
3, ash slightly red streptomyces, in solid medium, 50 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 3d, collect its thalline and tunning, are pulverized and make pulvis C.
4, above-mentioned pulvis A, B, C are mixed, prepare straw decomposing microbial inoculum, preserve at shady and cool dry place.This decomposing microbial inoculum is made up of following mass percent: bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 5%, and the mould pulvis 60% of long shoot wood, ash is red streptomyces pulvis 35% slightly.This decomposing microbial inoculum living bacteria count reaches about 30.75 hundred million/g, and cellulase activity is 240U/g, pH 6.48, moisture 11%, fineness 81%.
Embodiment 5 straw decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention field test 1
1 test site
The sample of this experiment is taken from Dong Jiahe town, Yaozhou District, Tongchuan Wang Jia and is performed acupunctures with stone needles the wheat stalk that village gathers in the crops then, and test farmland, place is that Dong Jiahe town Wang Jia performs acupunctures with stone needles village, and farmland index situation is soil weight 1.45g/cm
3, full nitrogen 1.12g/kg, organic 11.5g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 41mg/kg, available phosphorus 15.8mg/kg, available potassium 148mg/kg, pH 8.1, moisture 40%.
2 test methods
2.1 stalk tensile strength methods
If 5 groups of process, comprise not also 1 group, field, also Tian Wei and use decomposing microbial inoculum 2 groups (20d, 30d), also field and use decomposing microbial inoculum 2 groups (20d, 30d), often organize process and establish 5 repetitions.Sample treatment is as follows: choose thickness and the close wheat stalk middle and lower part of length, cut internode stalk 10 ~ 15cm, use nylon net bag packing, 50 every bag, be a repetition.
2.2 stalk rate of weight loss methods
7 groups of process are established in test, and comprise not also 1 group, field, also Tian Wei and use decomposing microbial inoculum 3 groups (10d, 20d, 30d), also field and use decomposing microbial inoculum 3 groups (10d, 20d, 30d), 5 repetitions are established in each process.Sample treatment is as follows: choose thickness and the close wheat stalk of length, be cut into 3 ~ 5cm segment, use nylon net bag packing, every bag of 10g, be a repetition.
Stalk dispersion is imbedded apart from the soil layer of farmland soil table 5 ~ 10cm, the stalk of decomposing microbial inoculum group used for also field, utilizes the aqueous solution containing 0.5% decomposing microbial inoculum and 0.5% urea to spray; For and field does not use the sample of decomposing microbial inoculum group, utilize the aqueous solution containing 0.5% urea to spray, cover with farmland soil after completing, and carry out mark.
3 samplings detect
For stalk tensile strength method, at corresponding time point, often group takes out whole 5 repetitions, random selecting 10 stalk sections from each repetition, first softly rinse stalk section with tap water, until the water colorless dripped, namely the foreign matters such as earth are rinsed well, soak 4 ~ 5h with tap water again, make it fully wetting.Then by stalk section doubling, hook with tensiometer and be firmly pulled outwardly and make it rupture, pulling force numerical value when recording the fracture of every root stalk, tensiometer shown.Stalk tensile fracture rate of descent method of calculation are as follows: first calculate not also field group average tension value N
0, also Tian Wei use decomposing microbial inoculum group N
cK, also field and use decomposing microbial inoculum group N
x, then calculate and Tian Wei uses decomposing microbial inoculum group stalk tensile fracture rate of descent C
cK=(N
0-N
cK)/N
0× 100%, go back field and use decomposing microbial inoculum group C
x=(N
0-N
x)/N
0× 100%.For going back field sample, the parameter separate computations of different sampling time point, i.e. N
cKn can be divided into
cK 20d, N
cK 30d, N
xn can be divided into
x 20d, N
x 30d.
For stalk rate of weight loss method, at corresponding time point, often group takes out whole 5 repetitions, softly rinses stalk section, until the water colorless dripped, namely rinsed well by the foreign matters such as earth with tap water.Then stalk section is placed in 85 DEG C, baking oven and dries 6h, take out and weigh in the balance heavily.Stalk rate of weight loss method of calculation are as follows: first calculate not also field group average dry weight value M
0, also Tian Wei uses decomposing microbial inoculum group M
cK, also field and use decomposing microbial inoculum group M
x, then calculate and Tian Wei uses decomposing microbial inoculum group stalk rate of weight loss W
cK=(M
0-M
cK)/M
0× 100%, go back field and use decomposing microbial inoculum group W
x=(M
0-M
x)/M
0× 100%.For going back field group, and then each group of rate of weight loss mean value can be calculated, comprising W
cK 10d, W
cK 20d, W
cK 30d, W
x 10d, W
x 20d, W
x 30d, and do not use the average rate of weight loss W of decomposing microbial inoculum group
cK aVE=(W
cK 10d+ W
cK 20d+ W
cK 30d)/3, use decomposing microbial inoculum group W
x aVE=(W
x 10d+ W
x 20d+ W
x 30d)/3.
4 results and analysis
4.1 use the impact of straw decomposing microbial inoculum on wheat stalk tensile strength
As known from Table 1, be 19.7% with not using tensile fracture rate of descent difference compared with straw decomposing microbial inoculum after using straw decomposing microbial inoculum group 20d, after 30d, rate of descent difference is 23.4%, according to Ministry of Agriculture's microbial fertilizer and edible fungus species quality supervision and test test center relevant regulations, for going back field sample, use decomposing microbial inoculum group and be greater than 10% with the stalk tensile fracture rate of descent difference not using decomposing microbial inoculum group, can judge that decomposing microbial inoculum used has effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed.Tensile fracture rate of descent difference of the present invention is all greater than the numerical value, particularly straw decomposing later stage that the Ministry of Agriculture specifies, rate of descent difference is larger, illustrates that straw decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention obviously can accelerate straw decomposing.
Table 1 wheat stalk tensile fracture detected result
4.2 use the impact of straw decomposing microbial inoculum on wheat stalk rate of weight loss
The average rate of weight loss W of the stalk not using decomposing agent group can be drawn from table 2
cK aVE=29.36%, use the average rate of weight loss W of stalk of decomposing agent group
x aVE=38.48%.According to Ministry of Agriculture's microbial fertilizer and edible fungus species quality supervision and test test center relevant regulations, for going back field sample, use decomposing agent group, with the rate of weight loss not using decomposing agent group, there is significant difference, can judge that decomposing agent used has effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed, significant difference (P<0.5) is all there is as can be seen from Table 3 between each process, become thoroughly decomposed the later stage respectively process between stalk rate of weight loss there is pole significant difference (P<0.1), illustrate that straw decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention can accelerate straw decomposing extremely significantly.
Table 2 stalk rate of weight loss (%)
Table 3 stalk rate of weight loss t assay
| Between process | T value | df | P value |
| W CK 10dWith W X 10d | -3.342 | 8 | 0.010 |
| W CK 20dWith W X 20d | -3.462 | 8 | 0.008 |
| W CK 30dWith W X 30d | -13.573 | 8 | 0 |
Embodiment 6 straw decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention field test 2
1 test site
This experiment place is located at Jing Yao Zhen Guo village, Pucheng County, Shaanxi Province and tests.
2 test methods
This test is smooth in physical features, the uniform cinnamon soil soil types of soil fertility carries out, maize planting, experimental plot area 40m
2, following 3 process are established in test:
Process 1: conventional fertilizer application+without straw-returning.
Process 2: conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning.
Process 3: conventional fertilizer application+decomposing microbial inoculum+straw-returning.
3 process random alignment, repeat 3 times, wait line-spacing 60cm, mu density 4000 strain.
Experimental plot is after results wheat, wheat stalk chopping (below length 10cm) is evenly laid in field, after emergence of corn, mix straw decomposing microbial inoculum and urea thoroughly rear evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields on stalk, straw decomposing microbial inoculum and urea mu consumption are respectively 2kg and 5kg, use with corn base manure and combine, note during fertilising urea not directly being sprinkling upon on maize seedling, prevent from burning seedling, and then pour water, keep soil moisture content to reach 60%, follow-up management operates routinely, once, other field management is identical for intertill and clean tillage.
3 Field observations and analysis content
3.1 soil sample collections
Gather before test for examination field topsoil mixed soil sample, little wheat harvesting Hou Fen community gathers a topsoil mixed soil sample repeated, and together detects soil pH value, unit weight, organic matter, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium.
3.2 straw decomposing degree are recorded
Observe at 5d, 10d, 30d, 70d after straw-returning uses decomposing microbial inoculum and record the qualitative decomposition degree of stalk.Under general condition, straw decomposing degree is qualitative comparison, during statistics, Huang, micro-Huang, brown Huang, black Huang in stalk color are decided to be 1,2,3,4 grade, musty in stalk smell, ammonia taste, vinosity, putrid taste are decided to be 1,2,3,4 grade, hard, Microsoft in feel softening degree, soft, rot to be decided to be 1,2,3,4 grade respectively, decomposition degree numerical value in respectively processing during statistics is three norms numerical value sum, and the stalk of this process of the larger expression of numerical value rots faster, and the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed is more obvious.
3.2 survey product
Investigate plant height, Ear height, grain number per spike, spike length, solid length in September respectively, cell production list is received singles and is counted product.
4 results and analysis
4.1 use the impact of straw decomposing microbial inoculum on soil fertility
The soil organism in straw decomposition into field district, full nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium ratio uses front basic value and check plot all increases, and illustrates that straw decomposition into field can improve soil nutrient content.The soil weight comparatively use front basic value and check plot decrease straw decomposition into field is described after can improve soil porosity, reduce the soil weight, improve Soil structure and permeability, strengthen the preserve moisture and fertility of soil.
Table 4 straw-returning is on the impact (mean value) of soil fertility
4.2 straw decomposing microbial inoculums urge rotten effect
After straw decomposing microbial inoculum uses 5d, 10d, 30d, 70d, the situation of becoming thoroughly decomposed of stalk is as shown in table 5, as shown in Table 5, the stalk using straw decomposing microbial inoculum becomes thoroughly decomposed substantially when about 30d, the process 2 not adding decomposing microbial inoculum then need could be become thoroughly decomposed substantially to during about 70d, so can shorten the straw decomposing time by the known interpolation of Field observation PRELIMINARY RESULTS decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention to be about 30d.
Table 5 straw decomposing intensity of variation
The straw decomposing degree change aggregate qualitative of 4.3 different treatment compares
From table 6, use the ratio of the process 3 of straw decomposing microbial inoculum not apply process 2 comprehensive grading of decomposing microbial inoculum high 9 points, illustrates that adding straw decomposing microbial inoculum becomes thoroughly decomposed faster, the effect of becoming thoroughly decomposed is obvious.
The straw decomposing degree change of table 6 different treatment is compared
4.4 different treatment are on the impact of corn growth stage
By the investigation to test, as shown in table 7, after using decomposing microbial inoculum, corn leaf color is dark green, and plant height, Ear height, grain number per spike, spike length, solid length comparatively contrast and be all significantly improved, and illustrates for examination fertilizer the very strong promoter action of growing of corn.
Table 7 different treatment is on the impact of corn growth stage
4.5 different treatment are on the impact of corn yield
As can be seen from Table 8, comparatively contrast mu volume increase 43.3kg for examination fertilizer, more also field increases production 34.5kg.By variance analysis (table 9), between process, difference reaches conspicuous level (F value reaches 20.5), difference between each process is carried out further new multipole difference (LSR method, in table 10) multiple comparisons, result shows, reaches pole conspicuous level for the effect of increasing production of examination fertilizer to corn.
Table 8 different treatment is on the impact of corn yield
The variance analysis of table 9 corn yield
| Source of variation | Sum of squares | Degree of freedom | All square | F value | F 0.05 | F 0.01 |
| Between process | 12.269 | 2 | 6.134 | 20.5** | 6.94 | 18.00 |
| Between repetition | 0.669 | 2 | 0.334 | 1.117 | 6.94 | 18.00 |
| Error | 1.198 | 4 | 0.229 | |||
| Total variation | 14.136 | 8 |
Table 10 is process volume variance comparison sheet (LSR method) respectively
The economic benefit of 4.6 different treatment
As can be seen from Table 11, using decomposing microbial inoculum, comparatively to contrast mu volume increase value be 108.1 yuan, and input-output ratio is 1: 2.6, illustrates that the stalk using straw decomposing microbial inoculum of the present invention directly goes back to field and has obvious economic benefit.
Table 11 Economic and Efficiency Analysis table
Note: corn 2.4 yuan/kg.
Straw decomposing bacterial preparation process of the present invention is simple and have the living microorganism of high-content and highly active degradation of fibers multiply anchor-pile, and can carry out original position in field and become thoroughly decomposed.This decomposing microbial inoculum significantly can accelerate the humify of stalk in soil, and function yeast effectively can increase soil fertility during the fermentation, suppresses soil soil-borne disease, improves the yield and quality of crop.
Claims (9)
1. a straw decomposing microbial inoculum, it is characterized in that slightly red streptomyces pulvis is composite forms by bacillus subtilis bacteria powder, the long shoot mould pulvis of wood and ash, by mass percentage consist of bacillus subtilis bacteria powder 5% ~ 15%, the mould pulvis 50% ~ 70% of long shoot wood, ash slightly red streptomyces pulvis 25% ~ 45%;
Subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) three torches-07, long shoot wood mould (Trichoderma longibrachiatum) three torch-08 and ash slightly red streptomyces (Streptomyces griseorubens) three torch-09 be all preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preservation center numbering of registering on the books is respectively CGMCC No.10248, CGMCCNo.10144, CGMCC No.10247.
2. the preparation method of a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that its concrete steps are as follows:
Subtilis, mould, grey fermentation thalli and the product thereof omiting red streptomyces of long shoot wood is prepared respectively by solid state fermentation, crushed after being dried becomes bacillus subtilis bacteria powder, the long shoot mould pulvis of wood and ash slightly red streptomyces pulvis, namely obtains straw decomposing microbial inoculum after mixing.
3. the preparation method of a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that preparing consisting of of the liquid seed culture medium that the fermentation thalli of subtilis and product thereof adopt by solid state fermentation: glucose 20.0g/L, peptone 16.7g/L, NaCl 5.3g/L, extractum carnis 5.3g/L, pH 7.0; Solid medium by mass percentage consist of wheat bran 93.97%, bean cake powder 4.94%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NH
4sO
40.05%, CaCO
30.99%, mix 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1h after adding the water of culture material total mass 50%.
4. the preparation method of a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that preparing consisting of of the long shoot mould fermentation thalli of wood and the liquid seed culture medium that adopts of product thereof by solid state fermentation: potato dextrose medium pulvis 33.3g/L, pH nature; Solid medium by mass percentage consist of wheat bran 93.97%, bean cake powder 4.94%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NH
4sO
40.05%, CaCO
30.99%, mix 121 DEG C of sterilizing 1h after adding the water of culture material total mass 50%.
5. the preparation method of a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that by solid state fermentation preparation ash slightly the consisting of of the liquid seed culture medium that adopts of the fermentation thalli of red streptomyces and product thereof: millet 20.0g/L, KNO
31.0g/L, K
2hPO
40.5g/L, MgSO
47H
2o 0.5g/L, NaCl 0.5g/L, pH 7.2; Solid medium by mass percentage consist of millet 99.42%, KNO
30.1%, K
2hPO
40.05%, MgSO
47H
2o 0.05%, NaCl 0.05%, CaCO
30.33%, pH is 7.2, and after millet soaks 24h in the ratio of 1.8mL/g, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min mix with other composition again.
6. the preparation method of a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that the condition of described solid state fermentation and requires as follows:
Subtilis liquid seeds is seeded in solid medium with the ratio of 100mL/kg, and in 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 ~ 8d, fermented product moisture≤21% during fermentation ends, living bacteria count is >=50 hundred million/g.
7. the preparation method of a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that the condition of described solid state fermentation and requires as follows:
The mould liquid seeds of long shoot wood is seeded in solid medium with the ratio of 100mL/kg, and in 30 DEG C of ferment at constant temperature 4 ~ 9d, fermented product moisture≤20% during fermentation ends, living bacteria count is >=1.5 hundred million/g.
8. the preparation method of a kind of straw decomposing microbial inoculum as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that the condition of described solid state fermentation and requires as follows:
Ash slightly red streptomyces liquid seeds is seeded in solid medium with the ratio of 100mL/kg, and in 50 DEG C of fermentation 2 ~ 5d, fermented product moisture≤15% during fermentation ends, living bacteria count is >=0.2 hundred million/g.
9. straw decomposing microbial inoculum is applied preparing in straw decomposing degradation agents as claimed in claim 1.
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