CN104619799B - 各向异性导电膜、各向异性导电膜的制造方法、连接体的制造方法及连接方法 - Google Patents

各向异性导电膜、各向异性导电膜的制造方法、连接体的制造方法及连接方法 Download PDF

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CN104619799B
CN104619799B CN201380048543.4A CN201380048543A CN104619799B CN 104619799 B CN104619799 B CN 104619799B CN 201380048543 A CN201380048543 A CN 201380048543A CN 104619799 B CN104619799 B CN 104619799B
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electroconductive particle
layer
anisotropic conductive
insulating properties
conductive film
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CN104619799A (zh
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佐藤宏
佐藤宏一
阿久津恭志
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Dexerials Corp
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Dexerials Corp
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Abstract

本发明目的在于在利用各向异性导电膜的连接中,谋求降低连接后的基板翘曲。各向异性导电膜(23)包括:第1绝缘性粘接剂层(30);第2绝缘性粘接剂层(31);以及被第1绝缘性粘接剂层(30)及第2绝缘性粘接剂层(31)挟持并在绝缘性粘接剂(33)含有导电性粒子(32)的含导电性粒子层(34),在含导电性粒子层(34)与第1绝缘性粘接剂层(30)之间含有气泡(41),含导电性粒子层(34)中,与第2绝缘性粘接剂层(31)相接的导电性粒子(32)的下部的硬化度低于其他部位的硬化度。

Description

各向异性导电膜、各向异性导电膜的制造方法、连接体的制造 方法及连接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及将电子部件各向异性导电连接的各向异性导电膜,特别涉及消除电子部件连接后的基板的翘曲并提高连接可靠性的各向异性导电膜、各向异性导电膜的制造方法、连接体的制造方法及连接方法。本申请以在日本于2012年9月18日申请的日本专利申请号特愿2012-203958及在日本于2013年9月13日申请的特愿2013-190904为基础主张优先权,通过参照这些申请,引用至本申请。
背景技术
一直以来,作为电视机、PC监视器、便携电话、平板PC、便携式游戏机或者车载用监视器等的各种显示单元,多采用液晶显示装置。近年来,在这样的液晶显示装置中,出于微小间距化、轻薄型化等的观点,采用将液晶驱动用IC直接安装于液晶显示面板的基板上的所谓COG(chip on glass:玻璃覆晶)或将形成液晶驱动电路的柔性基板直接安装于液晶显示面板的基板上的所谓FOG(film on glass:玻璃覆膜)。
例如采用COG安装方式的液晶显示装置100,如图10所示,具有起到用于液晶显示的主功能的液晶显示面板104,该液晶显示面板104具有由玻璃基板等构成的互相对置的两块透明基板102、103。而且,液晶显示面板104中,这两透明基板102、103通过框状的密封件105互相粘合,在由两透明基板102、103及密封件105围绕的空间内设有封入液晶106的面板显示部107。
透明基板102、103在互相对置的两内侧表面,以互相交叉的方式形成有由ITO(氧化铟锡)等构成的条纹状的一对透明电极108、109。而且,两透明基板102、103利用这两透明电极108、109的该交叉部位构成作为液晶显示的最小单位的像素。
两透明基板102、103之中,一个透明基板103形成为平面尺寸大于另一个透明基板102,在该较大地形成的透明基板103的边缘部103a,形成有透明电极109的端子部109a。另外,在两透明电极108、109上,形成有实施既定摩擦处理的取向膜111、112,液晶分子的初始取向通过该取向膜111、112得以规定。而且,在两透明基板108、109的外侧,配置有一对偏振板118、119,通过这两偏振板118、119,来自背光源等的光源120的透射光的振动方向得以规定。
在端子部109a上,隔着各向异性导电膜114热压接有液晶驱动用IC115。各向异性导电膜114向热硬化型的粘合剂树脂混入导电性粒子并作成膜状,通过在两个导体间加热压接而以导电粒子取得导体间的电导通,以粘合剂树脂保持导体间的机械连接。液晶驱动用IC115对于像素选择性地施加液晶驱动电压,从而使液晶的取向局部变化,以能够进行既定液晶显示。此外,作为构成各向异性导电膜114的粘接剂,通常使用可靠性最高的热硬化性粘接剂。
经由这样的各向异性导电膜114将液晶驱动用IC115连接到端子部109a的情况下,首先,利用未图示的预压接单元将各向异性导电膜114预压接在透明电极109的端子部109a上。接着,将液晶驱动用IC115承载于各向异性导电膜114上后,如图11所示通过热压接头等的热压接单元121,将液晶驱动用IC115与各向异性导电膜114一起向端子部109a侧按压,并且使热压接单元121发热。通过该热压接单元121产生的热,各向异性导电膜114引起热硬化反应,由此,液晶驱动用IC115隔着各向异性导电膜114粘接在端子部109a上。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-195335号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,由于最近显示装置的薄型/轻重量化的倾向,随着液晶显示装置100自身的小型/轻重量化,玻璃基板等的透明基板102、103也要求薄型化。
在此,在对液晶显示面板104所使用的透明基板103 COG安装液晶驱动用IC115的情况下,由于透明基板103的边缘部103a的安装区域的窄小化、透明基板103的薄型化,容易发生热加压造成的透明基板103的翘曲。若在透明基板103发生翘曲,则在COG安装区域周边的液晶画面会出现色不匀。
由于该透明基板103的翘曲是伴随各向异性导电膜114的粘接剂成分的硬化收缩产生应力而发生,所以也可以考虑通过向粘接剂成分中添加橡胶成分等的应力缓冲剂来谋求降低翘曲的方法。然而,因为添加应力缓冲剂,粘接剂成分的凝聚力会下降,有导致连接可靠性下降、导通电阻上升的担忧。
另外,在通过粘接剂成分的种类或量、安装条件的变更等来谋求降低翘曲的情况下,也会增添连接可靠性的维持、生产间隔时间的缩短、对液晶驱动用IC115等的电子部件的热冲击的缓冲等各种要素,难以发现最佳的条件。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供能够在利用各向异性导电膜的电子部件的连接工序中容易谋求降低连接后的翘曲的各向异性导电膜、各向异性导电膜的制造方法、连接体的制造方法及连接方法。
用于解决课题的方案
为了解决上述课题,本发明所涉及的各向异性导电膜,包括:第1绝缘性粘接剂层;第2绝缘性粘接剂层;以及被上述第1绝缘性粘接剂层及上述第2绝缘性粘接剂层挟持并在绝缘性粘接剂中含有导电性粒子的含导电性粒子层,在上述含导电性粒子层与上述第1绝缘性粘接剂层之间含有气泡,上述含导电性粒子层中,与上述第2绝缘性粘接剂层相接的、上述导电性粒子的下部的硬化度低于其他部位的硬化度。
另外,本发明所涉及的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,使导电性粒子排列在具有开口的模具的上述开口,对上述模具的排列上述导电性粒子的面,层压光硬化型的粘接剂层被剥离基体材料支撑的粘接膜的上述粘接剂层;从上述剥离基体材料的上表面将上述粘接剂层加压在上述模具,将上述粘接剂层压入上述开口;从上述模具剥离上述粘接膜,在上述粘接剂层的表面使上述导电性粒子从上述表面露出一部分并贴上,并且形成成型有与上述模具对应的凹凸形状的含导电性粒子层;对上述含导电性粒子层的形成凹凸形状的表面照射光,使上述表面硬化;对上述含导电性粒子层的上述表面层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层,在上述含导电性粒子层与上述第1绝缘性粘接剂层之间含有气泡;对上述含导电性粒子层的与上述表面相反侧的背面层压第2绝缘性粘接剂层。
另外,本发明所涉及的连接体的制造方法,是利用上述各向异性导电膜,使第1电子部件的端子和第2电子部件的端子各向异性导电连接的连接体的制造方法,其中,对上述第1电子部件预贴上述各向异性导电膜的上述第1绝缘性粘接剂层;在上述第2绝缘性粘接剂层上预搭载上述第2电子部件;从上述第2电子部件上以加热按压或光照射进行接合。
另外,本发明所涉及的连接方法,是利用上述各向异性导电膜,使第1电子部件的端子和第2电子部件的端子各向异性导电连接的连接方法,其中,对上述第1电子部件预贴上述各向异性导电膜的上述第1绝缘性粘接剂层;在上述第2绝缘性粘接剂层上预搭载上述第2电子部件;从上述第2电子部件上以加热按压或光照射进行接合。
发明效果
依据本发明,虽然各向异性导电膜随着各层的粘接剂成分的硬化收缩而产生应力,但因为在含导电性粒子层与第1绝缘性粘接剂层之间含有的气泡的应力缓冲作用而能够抑制电子部件的翘曲。
附图说明
图1是示出采用适用本发明的各向异性导电膜的一个实施方式的液晶显示装置的截面图;
图2是示出适用本发明的各向异性导电膜的一个实施方式的截面图;
图3是示出适用本发明的各向异性导电膜的其他实施方式的截面图;
图4是示出在开口单层排列导电性粒子的金属模具的截面图;
图5是示出对金属模具层压粘接剂层的状态的截面图;
图6是示出被剥离基体材料支撑的含导电性粒子层的截面图;
图7是示出对含导电性粒子层层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层的状态的截面图;
图8是示出采用适用本发明的各向异性导电膜的一个实施方式的电子部件的连接状态的截面图;
图9是示出在开口排列导电性粒子的金属模具的平面图;
图10是示出现有的液晶显示面板的截面图;
图11是示出现有的液晶显示面板的COG安装工序的截面图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,以适用于液晶显示装置的制造的情况为例,对本发明所涉及的各向异性导电膜、各向异性导电膜的制造方法、连接体的制造方法及连接方法的一个实施方式进行详细说明。此外,本发明并不仅限于以下的实施方式,显然在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内能够进行各种变更。此外,附图是示意性的,各尺寸的比例等有不同于现实的情况。具体尺寸等应该参考以下的说明进行判断。此外,应当理解到附图相互之间也包含彼此尺寸的关系或比例不同的部分。
[液晶显示装置]
利用本发明所涉及的各向异性导电膜的一个实施方式来制造的连接体即液晶显示装置中,液晶驱动用IC通过所谓COG(chip on glass)安装直接安装在液晶显示面板的基板上,另外,形成液晶驱动电路的柔性基板通过所谓FOG(film on glass)安装直接安装在液晶显示面板的基板上。
如图1所示,液晶显示装置具有起到用于液晶显示的主功能的液晶显示面板10。该液晶显示面板10与上述液晶显示面板104同样,对置配置由玻璃基板等构成的两块透明基板11、12,这些透明基板11、12通过框状的密封件13来互相贴合。而且,液晶显示面板10通过向由透明基板11、12围绕的空间内封入液晶14来形成面板显示部15。
透明基板11、12在相互对置的两内侧表面以互相交叉的方式形成有由ITO(氧化铟锡)等构成的条纹状的一对透明电极16、17。并且,两透明电极16、17通过这两透明电极16、17的该交叉部位构成作为液晶显示的最小单元的像素。
两透明基板11、12中,一个透明基板12形成为平面尺寸比另一透明基板11大,在该形成为较大的透明基板12的边缘部12a,设有安装液晶驱动用IC等的电子部件18的COG安装部20,此外在COG安装部20的外侧附近,设有安装形成有液晶驱动电路的柔性基板21的FOG安装部22。
再者,液晶驱动用IC或液晶驱动电路,通过对像素选择性地施加液晶驱动电压,从而局部地改变液晶的取向,以能够进行既定液晶显示。
在各安装部20、22形成有透明电极17的端子部17a。在端子部17a上,隔着各向异性导电膜23热压接有液晶驱动用IC等的电子部件18、柔性基板21。各向异性导电膜23含有导电性粒子,经由导电性粒子电连接电子部件18、柔性基板21的电极与形成在透明基板12的边缘部12a的透明电极17的端子部17a。该各向异性导电膜23为热硬化型粘接剂,作为一个例子,通过利用后述的加热按压头3进行热压接,从而在导电性粒子压坏的状态下硬化,使透明基板12与电子部件18、柔性基板21连接。
另外,在两透明电极16、17上,形成有实施了既定摩擦处理的取向膜24,以通过该取向膜24能够规定液晶分子的初始取向。进而,在两透明基板11、12的外侧,配置有一对偏振板25、26,以通过这两偏振板25、26能够规定来自背光源等的光源(未图示)的透射光的振动方向。
[各向异性导电膜]
接着,对各向异性导电膜23进行说明。如图2所示,各向异性导电膜23包括:第1绝缘性粘接剂层30;第2绝缘性粘接剂层31;以及被第1绝缘性粘接剂层30及第2绝缘性粘接剂层31挟持并在绝缘性粘接剂33中含有导电性粒子32的含导电性粒子层34。
[第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层]
第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层30、31均为热硬化性的粘接剂,含有膜形成树脂、热硬化性树脂和硬化剂的有机树脂粘合剂被剥离基体材料35、36支撑而成。另外,第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层30、31既可为同时包含热硬化性和光硬化性的粘接剂,也可以只为光硬化性的粘接剂。在该情况下,膜形成树脂等也能使用公知的材料。对于剥离基体材料35、36也同样。
膜形成树脂相当于平均分子量为10000以上的高分子量树脂,出于膜形成性的观点,优选为10000~80000左右的平均分子量。作为膜形成树脂,可举出环氧树脂、苯氧基树脂、聚酯尿烷树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、丙烯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、丁缩醛树脂等各种树脂,这些可以单独使用,也可以组合2种以上而使用。在这些之中,出于膜形成状态、连接可靠性等的观点优选使用苯氧基树脂。
作为热硬化性树脂,无特别限定,可举出例如市售的环氧树脂或常温下具有流动性的液态环氧树脂、丙烯树脂等。
作为环氧树脂,可以举例双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、酚醛清漆型环氧树脂或橡胶、尿烷等的各种改性环氧树脂等,这些既可以单独也可以混合2种以上而使用。另外,作为液态环氧树脂,能够使用双酚型环氧树脂、萘型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、芪型环氧树脂、三酚甲烷型环氧树脂、酚醛芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘酚型环氧树脂、二聚环戊二烯型环氧树脂、三苯基甲烷型环氧树脂等,这些既可以单独也可以混合2种以上而使用。
作为丙烯树脂,无特别限制,能够根据目的适宜选择丙烯化合物、液态丙烯酸酯等。能够举出例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、环氧丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、二羟甲基三环葵烷二丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇四丙烯酸酯、2-羟基-1,3-二丙烯酰氧基丙烷、2,2-双[4-(丙烯酰氧基甲氧基)苯基]丙烷、2,2-双[4-(丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]丙烷、二环戊烯基丙烯酸酯、三环葵基丙烯酸酯、树状(丙烯酰氧基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、尿烷丙烯酸酯、环氧丙烯酸酯等。此外,也能使用丙烯酸酯为甲基丙烯酸酯的材料。这些既可以单独使用1种,也可以并用2种以上。
硬化剂无特别限制,可根据目的适宜选择,例如能够使用利用热或光来激活的潜在性硬化剂。作为潜在性硬化剂,可举出例如锍盐等的阳离子类硬化剂;聚胺、咪唑等的阴离子类硬化剂;有机过氧化物等的自由基类硬化剂等。
作为其他的添加组合物,优选添加硅烷偶联剂。作为硅烷偶联剂,能够使用环氧类、氨类、巯基/硫化物类、脲化物类等。在本实施方式中优选使用这些中的环氧类硅烷偶联剂。由此,能够提高有机材料与无机材料的界面上的粘接性。另外,也可以添加无机填料。作为无机填料,能够使用硅石、滑石、氧化钛、碳酸钙、氧化镁等,无机填料的种类并不是特别限定的。通过无机填料的含有量,能够控制流动性,并能提高粒子捕获率。另外,出于缓冲接合体的应力的目的,也能适宜使用橡胶成分等。
第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层30、31通过将利用有机溶剂溶解这些膜形成树脂、热硬化性树脂、硬化剂、和其他的添加剂而得到的有机树脂粘合剂涂敷在剥离基体材料35、36上,并使有机溶剂挥发而形成。此外,在混合膜形成树脂、热硬化性树脂、硬化剂和其他的添加剂时,作为溶解这些的有机溶剂,能够使用甲苯、醋酸乙酯或这些的混合溶剂、其他各种有机溶剂。
作为剥离基体材料35、36,能够使用一般用在各向异性导电膜(ACF)中的例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜等的基体材料。
[含导电性粒子层]
第1绝缘性粘接剂层30及第2绝缘性粘接剂层31挟持含导电性粒子层34。含导电性粒子层34是紫外线硬化型的粘接剂,含有膜形成树脂、热硬化性树脂、硬化剂和导电性粒子32。
作为构成含导电性粒子层34的膜形成树脂、热硬化性树脂、硬化剂、其他的添加剂,能够使用与上述的第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层30、31同样的材料。
作为导电性粒子32,能够举出各向异性导电膜中使用的公知的任何导电性粒子。作为导电性粒子32,可举出例如镍、铁、铜、铝、锡、铅、铬、钴、银、金等各种金属或金属合金的粒子;在金属氧化物、碳、石墨、玻璃、陶瓷、塑料等的粒子表面涂敷金属的粒子;或者,在这些粒子表面进一步涂敷绝缘薄膜的粒子等。在向树脂粒子表面涂敷金属的粒子的情况下,作为树脂粒子,能够举出例如环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、丙烯酸树脂、丙烯腈苯乙烯(AS)树脂、苯代三聚氰胺树脂、二乙烯基苯类树脂、苯乙烯类树脂等的粒子。
含导电性粒子层34在与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30相接的一面34a,按照后述的金属模具50的开口51的图案,形成有凹凸图案40。在凹凸图案40的凸部40a配置有导电性粒子32。即,含导电性粒子层34按照凹凸图案40,以单层且有规则地配置有导电性粒子32。另外,在凹凸图案40的凸部40a,露出导电性粒子32的顶部,并且与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30相接。
[硬化度]
另外,含导电性粒子层34如后述那样,转贴导电性粒子32后,对一面34a预先照射紫外线,随后层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层30。因此,含导电性粒子层34进行一面34a侧的硬化反应。另外,含导电性粒子层34的遮住紫外光的导电性粒子32的下部,即,比导电性粒子32靠近与第2绝缘性粘接剂层31相接的另一面34b侧的硬化度,低于其他部位的硬化度。
[气泡]
含导电性粒子层34在与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30之间含有气泡41。在利用各向异性导电膜23连接电子部件18后,气泡41缓冲各向异性导电膜23中的内部应力,由此防止透明基板12的翘曲。即,各向异性导电膜23伴随各层30、31、34的粘接剂成分的硬化收缩而产生应力,但是在含导电性粒子层34与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30之间含有的气泡41的应力缓冲作用下能够抑制透明基板12的翘曲。
此时,优选气泡41的位置为导电性粒子32的附近,并且是不与该导电性粒子32接触的位置。这关系到连接时应力容易集中于导电性粒子32的情形。气泡41过于靠近导电性粒子32的情况下,有应力变化急剧的担忧,因此较为优选的是适宜隔着距离而设置。该距离优选为比最接近的导电性粒子32的粒径的0.2倍还大,更优选为比0.3倍还大。在该情况下,不设气泡41与导电性粒子32的距离的上限,这是因为排列有导电性粒子32,作为理由举出因该粒子间距离而上限发生变动。再者,在此所说的气泡41与导电性粒子32的距离表示气泡41的端部与导电性粒子32的端部的最短距离。
另外,在最邻接的导电性粒子32的距离相距粒径的2倍以上的情况下,优选导电性粒子32与气泡41的距离存在于其中间的区域。在该情况下,也优选气泡41距一个导电性粒子32分离粒径的0.2倍,更优选为从0.3倍分离。进而,气泡41优选在导电性粒子32的粒子间的中央区域中,存在于从该中间点起粒子间距离的0.4倍以内的范围,更优选为存在于0.3倍以内的范围。此外,在该情况下的气泡41的存在范围以该中间点为基点,因此最大为0.5倍。
含导电性粒子层34的一面34a因紫外线照射而硬化,随后被层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层30,从而气泡41包含在形成于该一面34a的凹凸图案40的凹部40b与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30之间。另外,根据凹凸图案40的凹部40b的排列,气泡41有规则地包括在含导电性粒子层34与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30之间。此时,多个气泡41及导电性粒子32混合在一起,但是未必一定将气泡41与导电性粒子32的各自距离配置相等。另外,气泡41的群既可以按直线状或曲线存在,也可为这样的线相交的格子状。另外,这样的气泡群内的间隔也可以不固定,间歇性也可。
此外,气泡41还包括其最大长度小于1μm的微小尺寸的微小泡。即,气泡41也可以通过例如在制造各向异性导电膜23的过程中进行层压或延伸时的外力,扩散1μm以上大小的泡而成为最大长度小于1μm的微小泡。这样,各向异性导电膜23含有的气泡41为如上述的微小泡占有大半的构成,也不会因气泡41而损坏本发明的效果。另外,在气泡41的最大长度大于5μm的情况下,有牵涉到连接时树脂流动造成的夹渣或伴随它的连接后的空隙发生等的因素的情况,因此优选气泡41的最大长度小于5μm。
另外,在成为微小泡的气泡41配置在导电性粒子32附近的情况下,气泡41的应力缓冲的效果也照样体现出来。例如,当气泡41偏于导电性粒子32附近的4处而存在的情况下,在该4处中分散各向异性导电膜23的内部应力的同时进行缓冲。因此,能够抑制连接体的翘曲。此外,气泡41如上所述,包含在各向异性导电膜23的制造过程通过层压或延伸而扩散并成为微小泡的气泡,因此其形状无特别限定。
进而,作为本发明的各向异性导电膜123的其他实施方式,为了确保导电性粒子132的独立性并防止短路发生,如图3所示,也可以采用在含导电性粒子层134所包含的绝缘性粘接剂133与导电性粒子132之间设有液态组合物142的结构。作为液态组合物142,适用公知树脂及溶剂等。例如,在作为液态组合物142使用连接时对硬化有帮助的材质的情况下,使用低分子量的环氧树脂且最好是单官能团或二官能团的材料或低分子量的丙烯单体。另一方面,在作为液态组合物142使用连接时对硬化无帮助的材质的情况下,能举出稀释的低分子量橡胶或苯氧基树脂、分子量为数百~数千的增粘剂、沸点200℃以上的溶剂、均化剂等。
在作为液态组合物142使用对硬化有帮助的材质的情况下,由于连接时液态组合物142硬化,所以导电性粒子132难以向图3所示的各向异性导电膜123的宽度方向移动,促进连接后的导电性粒子132的独立性。即,有助于防止导电性粒子132的连结。另一方面,在作为液态组合物142使用对硬化无帮助的材质的情况下,促进连接时图3所示的各向异性导电膜123的厚度方向的流动性,有助于导电性粒子132的压入。因此,导电性粒子132向面(横)方向(图3所示的各向异性导电膜123的宽度方向)的移动会相对得到抑制。即,无论液态组合物142对硬化是否有帮助,都有助于提高连接构造体的导通性能。
另外,液态组合物142因层压或延伸、或者以各向异性导电膜123连接时的外力而扩散,从而显示与气泡141同样的效果。即,在认为由液态组合物构成的泡中也与前述的气泡141同样,缓冲各向异性导电膜123的内部应力。换句话说,泡不限定于气泡141,包含由液态组合物142生成的泡。在由液态组合物142构成的泡的情况下,因为制法上的原因,与导电性粒子132接触的概率高。然而,由液态组合物142构成的泡与气泡141不同,由于是液态,推测难以发生上述的急剧的应力变化,因此在该情况下对于泡和导电性粒子132的接触状态无特别限制。
此外,设有液态组合物142的部位,因为其制法上的原因,未必一定限定于绝缘性粘接剂133与导电性粒子132之间。例如,也可以设在第1绝缘性粘接剂层130与导电性粒子132之间、或第2绝缘性粘接剂层131与导电性粒子132之间的任意部位,另外,在设置液态组合物142时成为气泡141中含有液态组合物142的结构,也发挥与上述同样的效果。这是因为粘性高的树脂占构成物的主要部分,从而包含液态组合物142的泡的移动率相对较高,难以确定其位置的缘故。
[各向异性导电膜的制造工序]
接着,对本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的各向异性导电膜23的制造方法进行说明。首先,准备用于排列导电性粒子的模具。如图4所示,模具例如能使用有规则地形成填充导电性粒子的开口51的金属模具50。金属模具50利用橡皮滚等来填充导电性粒子32。由此,导电性粒子32在金属模具50的表面以对应于开口51的图案的图案排列。
金属模具50中开口51的间隔a例如设为3~6μm。如后述那样,在含导电性粒子层34与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30之间含有的气泡41的大小,根据该开口51的间隔a而控制,对应于间隔3~6μm的开口51成为1~5μm。此外,如前述那样,气泡41的大小在制造各向异性导电膜23的过程中因层压或延伸时的外力而扩散1μm以上大小的泡,从而成为最大长度小于1μm的微小泡。另外,通过调整金属模具50的开口51的间隔a、形状等,也可以使气泡41的大小、即最大长度为1μm以下。
另外,金属模具50形成为:开口51有规则地排列,并且各开口51的开口直径稍大于导电性粒子32的直径,深度与导电性粒子32的直径大致相同。由此,金属模具50在填充了导电性粒子32时,能够以单层且有规则地排列导电性粒子32。
如图5所示,金属模具50中,对开口51填充有导电性粒子32的面层压有光硬化型的粘接剂层55。粘接剂层55由后续构成上述的含导电性粒子层34的膜形成树脂、热硬化性树脂、硬化剂、混合其他的添加剂的有机树脂粘合剂构成,并且被剥离基体材料56支撑。剥离基体材料56能够使用一般在各向异性导电膜(ACF)中使用的例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜等的基体材料。
粘接剂层55被加热按压头从剥离基体材料56侧加压,层压在金属模具50的形成有开口51的一面,并且压入开口51。由此,粘接剂层55成型对应于开口51的图案的凹凸图案40,并且对凹凸图案40的凸部40a转贴有填充于开口51的导电性粒子32。
接着,粘接剂层55与剥离基体材料56一起从金属模具50剥离。由此,如图6所示,形成被剥离基体材料56支撑的未硬化的含导电性粒子层34。含导电性粒子层34在与被剥离基体材料56支撑的面相反侧的一面34a,对应于开口51的图案有凹凸图案40。
凹凸图案40中对凸部40a转贴有导电性粒子32。导电性粒子32的一部分32a从凸部40a的上表面向外侧露出。另外,凹凸图案40对应于开口51的间隔而形成有凹部40b。
接着,含导电性粒子层34被从形成凹凸图案40的一面34a侧照射紫外线,从而硬化。在此,由于在凸部40a的导电性粒子32的背面侧,紫外线的照射不充分,因此含导电性粒子层34的比导电性粒子32更下侧、即比导电性粒子32更靠另一面34b侧成为未硬化的状态。
接着,如图7所示,含导电性粒子层34在一面34a层压有被剥离基体材料35支撑的第1绝缘性粘接剂层30。此时,含导电性粒子层34因紫外线照射而硬化,因此层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层30时,能够在凹凸图案40的凹部40b与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30之间包含气泡41。另外,含导电性粒子层34能够使从凹凸图案40的凸部40a露出的导电性粒子32的一部分32a与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30接触。
此外,气泡41的位置依赖于金属模具50的凹凸图案40的凸部40的位置,因此成为配置在导电性粒子32之间。因此,气泡41配置在导电性粒子32的附近,但是并非与导电性粒子32直接相接的配置。具体而言,气泡41中隔着导电性粒子32的外径的0.2~0.3倍左右大小的距离位于导电性粒子32的外侧的占一大半。认为这是因为在金属模具50的开口部51的端部中,与含导电性粒子层34所包含的绝缘性粘接剂33的接触及剥离而产生。因此,气泡41难以与导电性粒子32邻接,位于该导电性粒子32附近的较少。即,气泡41存在于导电性粒子32之间的比例变高。然而,包含上述的图3所示的由液态组合物142形成的液泡的方式,因制法的特征而该液泡会与导电性粒子132接触。
接着,含导电性粒子层34被剥离剥离基体材料56,对露出的另一面34b层压被剥离基体材料36支撑的第2绝缘性粘接剂层31。由此,如图2所示,形成各向异性导电膜23。
此外,为了确保导电性粒子132的独立性而防止短路发生,在制造图3所示的本发明所涉及的其他实施方式的各向异性导电膜123时,对导电性粒子132与第1绝缘性粘接剂层130之间、或导电性粒子132与含导电性粒子层134的绝缘性粘接剂133之间的至少任意一方涂敷或喷雾液体组合物142。在将液体组合物142涂敷或喷雾在导电性粒子132与第1绝缘性粘接剂层130之间的情况下,向金属模具50(参照图4)填充导电性粒子132后,以绝缘性粘接剂层130层压之前,涂敷或喷雾不会达到金属模具50的底面的程度的极微量的液体组合物142。能缓冲金属模具50的开口部51的端部上的与第1绝缘性粘接剂层130、绝缘性粘接剂133的接触。
另外,在液态组合物142对硬化有帮助的情况下,由于促进硬化时的导电性粒子132的独立性,所以有助于防止连接时的导电性粒子132的连结。另一方面,在液态组合物142对硬化没有帮助的情况下,有助于连接时导电性粒子132的压入,因此促进各向异性导电膜123的厚度方向的流动性,向面(横)方向的移动相对得到抑制。即,无论液态组合物142对硬化是否有帮助,都有助于提高连接构造体的导通性能。
[利用各向异性导电膜的连接工序]
接着,对利用本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的各向异性导电膜23的连接工序进行说明。在经由各向异性导电膜23将电子部件18连接到端子部17a的情况下,首先,将剥离基体材料35剥离,并将露出的第1绝缘性粘接剂层30承载于透明电极17的端子部17a上,利用未图示的预压接单元从剥离基体材料36上预压接各向异性导电膜23。
接着,将剥离基体材料36剥离,在各向异性导电膜23上承载电子部件18后,通过热压接单元即加热按压头3将电子部件18与各向异性导电膜23一起按压到端子部17a侧,并且使加热按压头3发热。通过该加热按压头3的热加压,各向异性导电膜23中第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层30、31显示流动性,从透明基板12的端子部17a与电子部件18的连接端子18a之间流出。
在此,含导电性粒子层34中,导电性粒子32从凸部40a露出,与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30接触,因此通过第1绝缘性粘接剂层30的流出,使导电性粒子32与端子部17a接触。另外,含导电性粒子层34中导电性粒子32的背面侧紫外线的照射不充分而处于未硬化状态,因此通过加热按压头3的热加压,与第2绝缘性粘接剂层31一起流出,从而导电性粒子32也与电子部件18的连接端子18a接触。
因此,如图8所示,各向异性导电膜23中,导电性粒子32被透明基板12的端子部17a与电子部件18的连接端子18a挟持,并且在该状态下热硬化。由此,经由各向异性导电膜23,电子部件18电气、机械地连接到端子部17a上。此外,透明基板12的端子部17a与电子部件18的连接端子18a的电气、机械的连接,不限定于加热按压。即,可以并用加热按压和光照射而使之硬化并接合,也可以仅通过光照射进行接合。另外,预压接中利用光热并用或光照射下的硬化,也没有特别问题。
此时,各向异性导电膜23在含导电性粒子层34与第1绝缘性粘接剂层30之间对应于凹部40b的排列有规则地含有气泡41,因此在电子部件18与端子部17a之间伴随硬化收缩产生内部应力的情况下,通过气泡41的应力缓冲作用,也能降低连接后的透明基板12的翘曲。因此,在使用谋求薄型化的透明基板12的液晶显示面板10中也抑制翘曲的发生,由此能够降低色不匀。
另外,各向异性导电膜23中,对应于凹凸图案40有规则地单层排列有导电性粒子32,因此与导电性粒子不规则地混合的现有的各向异性导电膜相比,能够极力减少不参与电子部件18与端子部17a的电连接的不需要的导电性粒子。而且,通过配置在导电性粒子32附近的泡,在导电性粒子32的周边区域局部产生应力缓冲,但是,由于这些导电性粒子32本身规则排列,所以因其规则性而所体现的效果会均匀遍及全体,而对此能够进行控制。
实施例
接着,对本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的各向异性导电膜的实施例进行说明。在本实施例中,准备改变了气泡的尺寸及绝缘性粘接剂层的硬化类的多个各向异性导电膜的样品(实施例1~10)和不包含气泡的各向异性导电膜的样品(比较例1、2),分别测定对玻璃基板搭载IC芯片时的玻璃基板的翘曲量和导通电阻。
实施例及比较例的样品均为在第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层挟持含导电性粒子层的各向异性导电膜,各含导电性粒子层在与第1绝缘性粘接剂层相接的一面侧形成凹凸图案,并且在凹部以单层且有规则地排列有导电性粒子。但是,在各实施例所涉及的样品中含导电性粒子层与第1绝缘性粘接剂层之间包含气泡,在比较例所涉及的样品中不包含气泡。
[含导电性粒子层的制作]
关于含导电性粒子层,利用棒涂机对PET膜涂敷由下述表1及表2所示的混合组份构成的有机树脂粘合剂(固态量50%),在70℃5分钟热风干燥,制作厚度5μm的粘接层膜。
另外,如图9所示,准备3种实施例及比较例所涉及的金属模具:有规则地形成孔径为5μm见方、孔深度为3μm的开口,开口的间隔a分别为3μm(实施例1及实施例6)、4μm(实施例2、4、5、7、9、10,比较例1、2)、6μm(实施例3及实施例8)。向各金属模具的开口部填充的导电性粒子,使用积水化学工业株式会社制的Au-203A(平均粒径3μm),以橡皮滚进行填充。
然后,用辊表面温度45℃的层压装置将之前制作的粘接层膜向填充导电性粒子的金属模具层压,其后,从金属模具进行剥离。由此,在粘接层膜中,对一面形成对应于金属模具的开口图案的凹凸图案,并且对凸部转贴有导电性粒子。导电性粒子有规则地单层排列,并且使一部分从凸部向外侧露出。
从形成凹凸图案的一面侧对该粘接层膜照射波长365nm、累计光量4000mJ/cm2的UV光,形成了含导电性粒子层。含导电性粒子层形成有凹凸图案的一面侧被UV硬化,但是在导电性粒子的背面侧UV的照射量较低,成为未硬化的状态。
[绝缘性粘接剂层的制作]
关于绝缘性粘接剂层,利用棒涂机对PET膜涂敷由下述表1及表2所示的混合组份构成的有机树脂粘合剂,在80℃3分钟热风干燥,制作了厚度5μm的粘接层膜。
由此,制作被PET膜支撑的第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层。
[含导电性粒子层与绝缘性粘接剂层的层压工序]
接着,层压含导电性粒子层和绝缘性粘接剂层,从而制作了各向异性导电膜的样品。首先,用辊表面温度45℃的层压装置对含导电性粒子层的形成凹凸图案的一面侧层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层。
此时,实施例1~5中,此时,使气泡包括在凹凸图案的凹部内。另一方面,比较例1、2中,以不混入气泡的方式进行层压。另外,实施例6~10中,同样地以包括小于1μm的微小泡的方式进行层压。
接着,从含导电性粒子层的与形成凹凸图案的一面相反侧的另一面剥离PET膜,用辊表面温度45℃的层压装置来层压第2绝缘性粘接剂层。
由此,制作了各实施例及比较例所涉及的总厚20μm的各向异性导电膜。
[特性评价]
作为评价元件,使用
外形:1.8mm×20mm
厚度:0.5mm
Au-plated凸点外形:30μm×85μm
Au-plated凸点高度:15μm
的评价用IC。
作为连接评价用IC的评价基体材料,使用玻璃厚0.7mm的ITO涂敷玻璃。
隔着实施例及比较例所涉及的各向异性导电膜(35mm×24mm)在该ITO涂敷玻璃形成了通过热加压来连接评价用IC的连接体样品。各实施例及比较例所涉及的安装条件如下。
实施例1~3、实施例6~8及比较例1、2(阳离子硬化类)中,为180℃-70MPa-5秒,作为缓冲材料,使厚度50μm的TEFLON(注册商标)介于加热按压头与评价用IC之间。
实施例4及实施例9(阴离子硬化类)中,为200℃-70MPa-5秒,作为缓冲材料,使厚度50μm的TEFLON(注册商标)介于加热按压头与评价用IC之间。
实施例5及实施例10(自由基硬化类)中,为160℃-70MPa-5秒,作为缓冲材料,使厚度50μm的TEFLON(注册商标)介于加热按压头与评价用IC之间。
对于以上的实施例及比较例的各连接体样品,利用数字万用表以4端子法测定连接之初和TCT(80℃85%250H)后的流动2mA电流时的连接电阻。另外,对于各连接体样品,利用触针式表面粗度计(CL-830:株式会社小阪研究所制)从评价基体材料的ITO涂敷玻璃下表面开始扫描,测定评价用IC的连接前后的ITO涂敷玻璃的翘曲量(μm),求出其差值。将测定结果示于表1及表2。
如表1所示,依据本实施例,由于都使气泡包括在含导电性粒子层的凹凸图案的凹部内,所以能够缓冲评价用IC连接后在连接处产生的内部应力。因此,能够抑制连接之初及TCT后的翘曲量,且,TCT后的导通电阻也能抑制到最大6.0Ω以下,从而能够实现良好的导通电阻。
另一方面,比较例1中不包含气泡,因此不会发挥在评价用IC的连接处产生的内部应力的缓冲作用,连接之初的翘曲量大到15μm。另外,比较例2中添加了应力缓冲剂,但是与包含气泡的实施例1~5相比,连接之初的翘曲量大到10μm,降低翘曲的效果较小。另外,比较例2中,因为添加应力缓冲剂,所以会降低粘接剂成分的凝聚力,从而连接可靠性下降,TCT后的导通电阻也高达10Ω。
实施例4中,翘曲量稍下降。认为这是因为将实施例2的硬化类从阳离子类改变为阴离子类,所以硬化速度比阳离子类慢的缘故。另外,实施例5中,将实施例2的硬化类从阳离子类改变为自由基类,虽然低温速硬化性优异,但翘曲量稍微增加。
另外,如表2所示,依据实施例6~10,由于都使微小泡包括在含导电性粒子层的凹凸图案的凹部或导电性粒子与第1绝缘性粘接剂层之间,所以与实施例1~5相比,能够进一步缓冲评价用IC连接后在连接处产生的内部应力。即,可知微小泡的情况下会比较大的气泡时降低一些翘曲量,从而能够缓冲在连接处产生的内部应力。推测这是因为气泡变成微小泡,从而存在许多起到该内部应力的缓冲作用的泡,因此进一步提高了应力的分散效果的缘故。
另外,与实施例4同样地在实施例9中,同样地翘曲量稍微下降。认为这是因为将实施例7的硬化类从阳离子类改变为阴离子类,因此硬化速度比阳离子类慢的缘故。另外实施例5和10中,将硬化类从实施例2和7的阳离子类改变为自由基类,虽然低温速硬化优异,但翘曲量稍微增加。
标号说明
1 液晶显示装置;3 加热按压头;10 液晶显示面板;11、12 透明基板;12a 边缘部;16、17 透明电极;17a 端子部,;18 电子部件;18a 连接端子;20 COG安装部;23、123 各向异性导电膜;30、130 第1绝缘性粘接剂层;31、131 第2绝缘性粘接剂层;32、132 导电性粒子;33、133 绝缘性粘接剂;34、134 含导电性粒子层;34a,134a 一面;34b、134b 另一面;35、36、135、136 剥离基体材料;40、140 凹凸图案;40a、140a 凸部;40b、140b 凹部;41、141气泡;50 金属模具;51 开口;55 粘接剂层;56 剥离基体材料;142 液态组合物。

Claims (17)

1.一种各向异性导电膜,包括:
第1绝缘性粘接剂层;
第2绝缘性粘接剂层;以及
被所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层及所述第2绝缘性粘接剂层挟持并在绝缘性粘接剂中含有导电性粒子的含导电性粒子层,
在所述含导电性粒子层与所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层之间含有气泡,
所述含导电性粒子层中,与所述第2绝缘性粘接剂层相接的、所述导电性粒子的下部的硬化度低于其他部位的硬化度,
所述含导电性粒子层在与所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层的界面露出所述导电性粒子的一部分,并且所述含导电性粒子层中的所述导电性粒子的背面侧未完全硬化。
2.如权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,所述含导电性粒子层以单层且有规则地排列有所述导电性粒子。
3.如权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,所述含导电性粒子层为光硬化型的粘接剂层。
4.如权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,所述第1、第2绝缘性粘接剂层的硬化类为阳离子硬化类、阴离子硬化类或自由基硬化类的任一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,所述气泡的尺寸小于5μm。
6.如权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,所述含导电性粒子层中,含有所述导电性粒子处的厚度大于所述导电性粒子间的厚度。
7.如权利要求6所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,所述气泡包括在形成于所述含导电性粒子层的所述导电性粒子间的凹部内。
8.如权利要求1所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,在所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层与所述导电性粒子之间、或所述第2绝缘性粘接剂层与所述导电性粒子之间的任意部位设有液态组合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的各向异性导电膜,其中,所述气泡中包含所述液态组合物。
10.一种各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,
使导电性粒子排列在具有开口的模具的所述开口,对所述模具的排列有所述导电性粒子的面,层压光硬化型的粘接剂层被剥离基体材料支撑的粘接膜的所述粘接剂层;
从所述剥离基体材料的上表面将所述粘接剂层加压在所述模具,将所述粘接剂层压入所述开口;
从所述模具剥离所述粘接膜,在所述粘接剂层的表面使所述导电性粒子从所述粘接剂层的表面露出一部分并贴上,并且形成成型有与所述模具对应的凹凸形状的含导电性粒子层;
对所述含导电性粒子层的形成有凹凸形状的表面照射光,使所述表面硬化而所述粘接剂层中的所述导电性粒子的背面侧处于未完全硬化的状态;
对所述含导电性粒子层的所述表面层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层,在所述含导电性粒子层与所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层之间含有气泡;
对所述含导电性粒子层的与所述表面相反侧的背面层压第2绝缘性粘接剂层。
11.如权利要求10所述的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,在所述粘接剂层的表面以单层且有规则地排列有所述导电性粒子。
12.如权利要求11所述的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,所述含导电性粒子层中,与所述第2绝缘性粘接剂层相接的、所述导电性粒子的下部的硬化度低于其他部位的硬化度。
13.如权利要求10~12的任一项所述的各向异性导电膜的制造方法,其中,对在所述模具的排列有所述导电性粒子的所述面层压所述粘接膜之前的该面、或在所述含导电性粒子层的所述表面层压第1绝缘性粘接剂层之前的该表面,涂敷或喷雾极微量的液体组合物。
14.一种连接体的制造方法,其中,所述连接体利用权利要求1~9的任一项所述的各向异性导电膜,使第1电子部件的端子和第2电子部件的端子各向异性导电连接,在所述连接体的制造方法中,
在所述第1电子部件上预贴所述各向异性导电膜的所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层;
在所述第2绝缘性粘接剂层上预搭载所述第2电子部件;
从所述第2电子部件上以加热按压或光照射进行接合。
15.如权利要求14所述的连接体的制造方法,其中,
所述含导电性粒子层在与所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层相接的一面设有凹凸形状,
所述各向异性导电膜朝着所述第1电子部件侧而预贴含有所述导电性粒子的凸部。
16.一种连接方法,利用权利要求1~9的任一项所述的各向异性导电膜,各向异性导电连接第1电子部件的端子与第2电子部件的端子,其中,
在所述第1电子部件上预贴所述各向异性导电膜的所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层;
在所述第2绝缘性粘接剂层上预搭载所述第2电子部件;
从所述第2电子部件上以加热按压或光照射进行接合。
17.如权利要求16所述的连接方法,其中,
所述含导电性粒子层在与所述第1绝缘性粘接剂层相接的一面设有凹凸形状,
所述各向异性导电膜朝着所述第1电子部件侧而预贴含有所述导电性粒子的凸部。
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