CN104532966A - Historic building paint and colored drawing ground layer tension material construction method in cold and dry areas - Google Patents
Historic building paint and colored drawing ground layer tension material construction method in cold and dry areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN104532966A CN104532966A CN201410807437.6A CN201410807437A CN104532966A CN 104532966 A CN104532966 A CN 104532966A CN 201410807437 A CN201410807437 A CN 201410807437A CN 104532966 A CN104532966 A CN 104532966A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a historic building paint and colored drawing ground layer tension material construction method in cold and dry areas. The problems that in the prior art, two-end shell nosing and connector reservation on different component portions are difficult to control, and the winding thickness is difficult to control are solved. The method comprises the steps that an incomplete color drawing incapable of being repaired with the component corroded, weathered and peeled off is eradicated or ground, the original color of the component is exposed, seam ripping, joint filling with bamboo nails, pulp brushing, joint filling with mortar and ash brushing are carried out, linen is adopted for spiral winding from the head, connector reservation, tail processing and two-end shell nosing portions at the intersections of different components are sewn by linen threads, and then linen ash pressing, intermediate ash brushing and fine ash brushing are carried out. The historic building paint and colored drawing ground layer tension material construction method has the advantages of being easy to operate, low in cost, capable of effectively controlling the whole process and particularly suitable for historic building paint and colored drawing maintenance engineering.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to construction engineering technical field, particularly hold construction method cold nonirrigated farmland district historic building structure oil colored paintings.
Background technology
Ancient building regional is different with each national way, and particularly extremely frigid zones and Arid Area, Gobi desert are more not identical.
Existing construction method cumbersome, thin and thick is wayward, and different component joint joint is difficult to receive head.Construction cost is high.Lower trestle root is wound around to start and adopts putty oil to paste, and is difficult to solve the problem that undercarriage timber compoment and ground place occur easily rotten.
Method adopt winding limit, hemp limit smear pressure fiber crops ash, hemp be wound around start and receive head due to dynamics and pressure head wayward, easily there is hollowing, crack phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
Hold retention material construction method with the object of this invention is to provide a kind of cold nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, to close up and different component position is got rid of head and is difficult to control and be wound around the problem that thickness is difficult to control to solve existing two.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of cold nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings ground battle retention material construction method, it is characterized in that it comprise the steps: to cut cut see wood, tear seam, the lower bamboo nail of shoe last or hat block seam, brush juice slurry, catch mortar joint, the logical ash of brush, use burlap, ash, the thin ash of brush in pressure fiber crops ash, brush, detailed process is as follows
A. cut to cut and see wood: axe mark spacing, the depth are consistent, must not damage wooden bone;
B. seam is torn: with perching knife, wood seam is torn into V-shaped, then resin, oil stain, dust is cleaned out;
C. the lower bamboo nail of shoe last or hat block seam: bamboo nail by the two ends of stitching in go down together, descend bamboo flat again between two nails;
D. brush juice slurry: brush one juice slurry, all will brush in wooden piece and seam;
E. mortar joint is caught: with catching the brushing of seam ash, making putty in seam full, after dry, polishing, repair neat, remove floating ash;
F. brush leads to ash: catching, brush above seam ash is logical grey;
G. burlap is used: construction temperature controls between 5 DEG C-40 DEG C;
H. pressure fiber crops ash: after burlap is dry, polishing, makes the fine and soft head in burlap surface float, is applied on burlap by numb for pressure ash;
I. ash in brush: after the numb ash of pressure is dry, brush is middle ash together;
J. thin ash: after middle ash is dry, plate mark, joint are polished, more completely scrape together with thin ash.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described steps A is cut to cut and is seen in wood and will obliquely cut, axe mark spacing 100-150mm, degree of depth 2-3mm; It is curvilinear that outline when cutting is cut in local, and the battle of retained once visited place is chopped to 30 degree of slope angles by edge; In the lower bamboo nail of step C shoe last or hat block seam, pitch of nails is 10-15 centimetre.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described juice slurry is by calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish and the even slurry oil of water furnishing, and the ratio of calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish and water is 4:5:1.
As a further improvement on the present invention, catch seam ash described in be made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-3.2 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2-3.2 parts, brick dust 1.5-1.7 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7-2.4 parts, 0.2-0.6 part, water.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described logical ash is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3.0-3.4 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2.0-2.8 parts, brick dust 1.0-1.5 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7-2.5 parts, 0.2-0.5 part, water.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described middle ash is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-3.2 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 1-2.2 parts, brick dust 2.5-2.7 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.0-2.0 parts, 0.3-0.8 part, water.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described thin ash is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-4.5 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2.0-2.8 parts, brick dust 0.5-1 part, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.0-1.7 parts, 0.1-0.4 part, water.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described step G uses the detailed process of burlap as follows:
A. slurry is started: dip in base-material with palm brush and be applied on logical ash,
B. sticky burlap: after brush beginning slurry, burlap is glued thereon, glues along wood grain spiral;
C. burlap is rolled: burlap, after being stained with, checks the compactness of pasting;
D. to swill life: calcium sulfate and alkyd varnish (8:2) are mixed and mix well, be applied on burlap with hairbrush;
E. arrange: must press once again after compacting.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described base-material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-4.3 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2.0-3.5 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7-3 parts.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the process that described step b glues burlap is specific as follows,
A. meticulous, the measured finished product burlap of matter of processing is selected;
B. burlap is cut into the wide ribbon of 200-300mm, then flat circle around one of starting slowly carry out spiral winding with 30-35 angle, presses 3-5mm between adjacent;
C, different component intersection are got rid of head and receive head process, and two shell nosing treatment adopts hemp to sew up; And not easily loosen disconnection, solve the problem receiving head difficulty,
D. be wound around when starting component position, push down and start, flat around a circle along component root, then be wound around with the acute angle of 30 degree;
E. water blocking tape higher than other surperficial 3-5mm is built with thin ash and waterproof powder along the root of ground contacting portion component.Solve a difficult problem for rotten of ancient building undercarriage.
Construction method technique of the present invention is simple, thin and thick is easy to control, different component joint joint adopts draw point to sew up, solve and receive head difficulties, eliminate bad root phenomenon, enable that wooden construction reaches moistureproof, anticorrosion, insect protected, anticracking, anti-hollowing and prolong life object, improve the durability of ancient building oil colored paintings, reduce labour intensity, cost-saving.
Detailed description of the invention
Terminological interpretation: retention material is the wooden construction wood fiber crops wrapped up in of bone surface or burlap, adds the material of strong lime shell intensity.In embodiment, polyvinyl acetate emulsion used, pressure fiber crops ash are for being purchased.
Raw material and the preparation of the material before constructing: burlap: close order is between 2-3mm, and free from extraneous odour, broken string phenomenon, soft smooth, toughness is strong, holds stretching resistance ability with strengthening, prevents grey shell from ftractureing.
Embodiment 1. 1 Zhong Han nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings ground battle retention material construction method, comprise the steps: to cut cut see wood, tear seam, the lower bamboo nail of shoe last or hat block seam, brush juice slurry, catch mortar joint, the logical ash of brush, use burlap, ash, the thin ash of brush in pressure fiber crops ash, brush, detailed process is as follows
A. cut to cut and see wood: when old live-weight does ground cane, first with little axe, once visited place battle will being struck off, with scratching son, timber compoment surface being scratched only, i.e. " cut only scratch white ".Axe mark cut out by the little axe of new work.Oblique cutting is wanted, axe mark spacing 100-150mm, the degree of depth 2-3mm when cutting alive; Outline when cutting is cut in local should be curvilinear, and the battle of retained once visited place should be chopped to 30 ° of slope angles by edge, and the crack place of component and the joint location of two components must not be stayed in line of demarcation; Axe mark spacing, the depth should be consistent, must not damage wooden bone.
B. tear seam: with perching knife, wood seam is torn into " V " font, then resin, oil stain, dust is cleaned out, be convenient to putty so bonding, as large seam person, bamboo nail, bamboo should be played flat or with the embedding jail of batten;
C. the lower bamboo nail of shoe last or hat block seam: because timber is moist, wood seam is easy to harmomegathus.During lower hook nail, bamboo nail taper be become double-edged sword shape, its length, thickness, width be stitched according to wood and determine, during lower bamboo nail, should by the two ends of stitching in go down together, in case strength is not enough and amass wealth by heavy taxation to fall to, pitch of nails 10-15 centimetre, descends bamboo flat again between two nails, so just can guarantee workmanship;
D. brush juice slurry: though timber is only white through going to scratch, in seam, dust is difficult to clear up, and brush juice slurry is together, unsuitable feeding-up, brushes and wooden piece is all brushed (also will brush in seam), make wooden piece and putty more be connected firm with paste; Juice slurry is by calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish and the even slurry oil of water furnishing, and the ratio of calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish and water is 4:5:1;
E. mortar joint is caught: after slurry oil is dry, with whisk broom, its top layer is cleaned up, catch it (horizontal tuck in perpendicular stroke) to seam with iron plate to catch seam ash, make putty in seam full, must guard against cover-head ash (is exactly ashless in seam, seam is outer ash), as iron hoop, must implement by lock ring, by iron rust Ex-all, ash is filled out in layering again, can not once fill and lead up, wooden piece has scarce person, circle is borrowed again so that iron plate lining is flat, completely scrape by bone ash together, if any lacking stupefied few angle person, should serve as a contrast neat same as before, line mouth halter strap angle place, must paste neat, after dry, polish with diamond or compound of sand, clay, etc. for making earthenware sheet, to repair neat with perching knife, sweep only with whisk broom, it is brushed lightly again with water cloth, remove its floating ash, catch seam ash composition: calcium sulfate 3kg, alkyd varnish 2kg, brick dust 1.5kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7kg, water 0.2kg.
F. the logical ash (mopping up ash) of brush: doing catching above seam ash, is the basis of draping over one's shoulders fiber crops; Logical ash composition: calcium sulfate 3.0kg, alkyd varnish 2.0kg, brick dust 1.0kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7kg, water 0.2kg.
G. burlap (hold in main retention material) is used: construction temperature controls between 5 DEG C-40 DEG C, and unscreened timber compoment avoids rainy day, and winter construction must carry out antifreezing measures.
Use the brushing detailed process of burlap as follows:
A. start slurry: dip in base-material with palm brush and be applied on logical ash, base-material forms: calcium sulfate 3-4.3kg, alkyd varnish 2.0-3.5kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7-3kg.
B. sticky burlap: after brush beginning slurry, and then by sticky thereon for the burlap sheared, glues along wood grain spiral, as harmonizing yinyang angle, wooden piece junction place, just will by seam along sticky, and head is got rid of in junction if desired, again wraps up in addition, but the thickness of burlap wants uniformity;
C. roll burlap: burlap after being stained with, after immediately following the compactness successively checking stickup;
D. to swill life: calcium sulfate and alkyd varnish (8:2) are mixed and mix well, be applied on burlap with hairbrush;
E. arrange: must press once after compacting again, carry out detailed inspection, float or hollowing position if any halter strap angle, crest line, after digging, row rolls reality again.
Sticky burlap is that burlap is wrapped up on brushing oil plant limit, limit, specific as follows:
A. meticulous, the measured finished product burlap of matter of processing is selected, good toughness, the material that pulling force is strong; Solve and be wound around uneven distribution phenomenon.
B. burlap is cut into the wide ribbon of 200mm, starts and flat then slowly carry out spiral winding with 30 angles around a circle, press 3mm between adjacent, winding dynamics extrudes beginning slurry (being wound around the mortar of brushing before burlap), after immediately upper pressure fiber crops ash, become one; Solve and connect the rough and uneven in surface phenomenon of batch overlapping part and bonding not firm phenomenon.
C, different component intersection are got rid of head and receive head process, and two shell nosing treatment adopts hemp (flax silk) to sew up and not easily loosens and disconnects, and solves the problem receiving head difficulty,
D. be wound around start component position time, start (flat around a circle along component root) must be pushed down be wound around with the acute angle of 30 degree again, adopt thin ash to add waterproof powder to criticize higher than other surperficial 3mm water blocking tape along the root of ground contacting portion component, solve a difficult problem for rotten of ancient building undercarriage.Winding dynamics to extrude beginning slurry (being wound around the mortar of brushing before burlap), after immediately upper pressure fiber crops ash, become one.
H. pressure fiber crops ash: after burlap is dry, with emery wheel or gauze polishing, makes the fine and soft head in burlap surface float, is convenient to and the grey bonding one of pressure fiber crops.Burlap line must not be rubbed, sweep with whisk broom, brush lightly only with water cloth, numb for pressure ash is applied on burlap, compacting be combined with burlap back and forth, answer ash once again, wrap up in lining with plank along horizontal the pushing away of burlap, accomplish to put down, directly, justify.
I. ash in brush: after compress (fiber crops) ash is dry, will polish with abrasive machine, meticulous fine grinding, sweep with whisk broom, brush lightly only with water cloth, then sweat slurry together, (water purification) with the upper and lower muffler of iron plate clean halter strap arm of angle frame, frame mouth, line mouth, and under do not remove the peel the place of son, all should make uniform in detail.Expire upper ash (plane iron plate, large face plank is justified, face leather) together with same material iron plate, plank, leather again after dry, thickness is no more than 2 millimeters, and joint is smooth, if any stitch person again with thin grey rolling line.Middle ash composition: calcium sulfate 3, alkyd varnish 1kg, brick dust 2.5kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.0kg, water 0.3kg.
J. thin ash: with abrasive machine or sand paper, plate mark, joint etc. are polished after middle ash is dry, after cleaning up, first hand leather is scraped less than place, as frame line, unfilled corner, Wei Bo street meet place, fix with ash and make uniform, completely scrape together with thin ash after flat, generally thick within 2 ㎜, this is last one plastering process again.Thin ash composition: calcium sulfate 3kg, alkyd varnish 2.0kg, brick dust 0.5kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.0kg, water 0.1kg.
Embodiment 2. repeats the step of embodiment 1, and difference is as follows: catch seam ash composition: calcium sulfate 3.2kg, alkyd varnish 3.2kg, brick dust 1.7kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 2.4kg, water 0.6kg; Logical ash composition: calcium sulfate 3.4kg, alkyd varnish 2.8kg, brick dust 1.5kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 2.5kg, water 0.5kg; Base-material forms: calcium sulfate 4.3kg, alkyd varnish 3.5kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 3kg; Middle ash composition: calcium sulfate 3.2kg, alkyd varnish 2.2kg, brick dust 2.7kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 2.0kg, water 0.8kg; Thin ash composition: calcium sulfate 4.5kg, alkyd varnish 2.8kg, brick dust 1kg, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7kg, water 0.4kg.
Sticky burlap is that burlap is wrapped up on brushing oil plant limit, limit, specific as follows:
A. meticulous, the measured finished product burlap of matter of processing is selected, good toughness, the material that pulling force is strong; Solve and be wound around uneven distribution phenomenon.
B. burlap is cut into the wide ribbon of 300mm, starts and flat then slowly carry out spiral winding with 35 angles around a circle, press 5mm between adjacent, winding dynamics extrudes beginning slurry (being wound around the mortar of brushing before burlap), after immediately upper pressure fiber crops ash, become one; Solve and connect the rough and uneven in surface phenomenon of batch overlapping part and bonding not firm phenomenon.
C, different component intersection are got rid of head and receive head process, and two shell nosing treatment adopts hemp (flax silk) to sew up and not easily loosens and disconnects, and solves the problem receiving head difficulty,
D. be wound around start component position time, start (flat around a circle along component root) must be pushed down be wound around with the acute angle of 30 degree again, adopt thin ash to add waterproof powder to criticize higher than other surperficial 5mm water blocking tape along the root of ground contacting portion component, solve a difficult problem for rotten of ancient building undercarriage.Winding dynamics to extrude beginning slurry (being wound around the mortar of brushing before burlap), after immediately upper pressure fiber crops ash, one-tenth is integrated.
Claims (10)
1. a Zhong Han nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings ground battle retention material construction method, it is characterized in that it comprise the steps: to cut cut see wood, tear seam, the lower bamboo nail of shoe last or hat block seam, brush juice slurry, catch mortar joint, the logical ash of brush, use burlap, ash, the thin ash of brush in pressure fiber crops ash, brush, detailed process is as follows
A. cut to cut and see wood: axe mark spacing, the depth are consistent, must not damage wooden bone;
B. seam is torn: with perching knife, wood seam is torn into V-shaped, then resin, oil stain, dust is cleaned out;
C. the lower bamboo nail of shoe last or hat block seam: bamboo nail by the two ends of stitching in go down together, descend bamboo flat again between two nails;
D brush juice is starched: brush one juice slurry, all will brush in wooden piece and seam;
E. mortar joint is caught: with catching the brushing of seam ash, making putty in seam full, after dry, polishing, repair neat, remove floating ash;
F. brush leads to ash: catching, brush above seam ash is logical grey;
G. burlap is used: construction temperature controls between 5 DEG C-40 DEG C;
H. pressure fiber crops ash: after burlap is dry, polishing, makes the fine and soft head in burlap surface float, is applied on burlap by numb for pressure ash;
I. ash in brush: after the numb ash of pressure is dry, brush is middle ash together;
J. thin ash: after middle ash is dry, plate mark, joint are polished, more completely scrape together with thin ash.
2. one according to claim 1 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described steps A is cut to cut and seen in wood and will obliquely cut, axe mark spacing 100-150mm, degree of depth 2-3mm; It is curvilinear that outline when cutting is cut in local, and the battle of retained once visited place is chopped to 30 degree of slope angles by edge; In the lower bamboo nail of step C shoe last or hat block seam, pitch of nails is 10-15 centimetre.
3. one according to claim 1 and 2 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described juice slurry is by calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish and the even slurry oil of water furnishing, and the ratio of calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish and water is 4:5:1.
4. one according to claim 3 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described in catch seam ash be made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-3.2 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2-3.2 parts, brick dust 1.5-1.7 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7-2.4 parts, 0.2-0.6 part, water.
5. one according to claim 4 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described logical ash is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3.0-3.4 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2.0-2.8 parts, brick dust 1.0-1.5 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7-2.5 parts, 0.2-0.5 part, water.
6. one according to claim 5 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described middle ash is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-3.2 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 1-2.2 parts, brick dust 2.5-2.7 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.0-2.0 parts, 0.3-0.8 part, water.
7. one according to claim 6 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described thin ash is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-4.5 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2.0-2.8 parts, brick dust 0.5-1 part, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.0-1.7 parts, 0.1-0.4 part, water.
8. one according to claim 7 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described step G uses the detailed process of burlap as follows:
A. slurry is started: dip in base-material with palm brush and be applied on logical ash,
B. sticky burlap: after brush beginning slurry, burlap is glued thereon, glues along wood grain spiral;
C. burlap is rolled: burlap, after being stained with, checks the compactness of pasting;
D. to swill life: be that the ratio of 8:2 is mixed and mixes well with mass ratio by calcium sulfate and alkyd varnish, be applied on burlap with hairbrush;
E. arrange: must press once again after compacting.
9. one according to claim 8 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: described base-material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 3-4.3 parts, calcium sulfate, alkyd varnish 2.0-3.5 parts, polyvinyl acetate emulsion 1.7-3 parts.
10. one according to claim 9 holds retention material construction method with trembling with fear nonirrigated farmland district ancient building oil colored paintings, it is characterized in that: the process that described step b glues burlap is specific as follows,
A. meticulous, the measured finished product burlap of matter of processing is selected;
B. burlap is cut into the wide ribbon of 200-300mm, then flat circle around one of starting slowly carry out spiral winding with 30-35 angle, presses 3-5mm between adjacent;
C, different component intersection are got rid of head and receive head process, and two shell nosing treatment adopts hemp to sew up; And not easily loosen disconnection, solve the problem receiving head difficulty,
D. be wound around when starting component position, push down and start, flat around a circle along component root, then be wound around with the acute angle of 30 degree;
E. water blocking tape higher than other surperficial 3-5mm is built with thin ash and waterproof powder along the root of ground contacting portion component.
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| CN201410807437.6A CN104532966B (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A kind of cold nonirrigated farmland area ancient building oil colored paintings ground battle retention material construction method |
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| CN201410807437.6A CN104532966B (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | A kind of cold nonirrigated farmland area ancient building oil colored paintings ground battle retention material construction method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115949262A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-04-11 | 北京房修一建筑工程有限公司 | Construction process and repair tool for antique buildings |
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| JP2009068167A (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-04-02 | Shinji Komine | Pallet construction method for wood structure |
| CN101831127A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2010-09-15 | 西北大学 | Repairing material for base layer of oil colored paintings of ancient architecture and preparation technology thereof |
| CN102828590A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-12-19 | 常熟古建园林建设集团有限公司 | Construction method of historic building oil paint colour painting ground layer |
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2014
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| JP2009068167A (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-04-02 | Shinji Komine | Pallet construction method for wood structure |
| CN101831127A (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2010-09-15 | 西北大学 | Repairing material for base layer of oil colored paintings of ancient architecture and preparation technology thereof |
| CN102828590A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-12-19 | 常熟古建园林建设集团有限公司 | Construction method of historic building oil paint colour painting ground layer |
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| 周文晖 等: "中国古代建筑油漆彩画地仗传统制作工艺及材料剖析", 《西部考古》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115949262A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-04-11 | 北京房修一建筑工程有限公司 | Construction process and repair tool for antique buildings |
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