CN108412093B - Modern landscape decorative rammed earth wall and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Modern landscape decorative rammed earth wall and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108412093B CN108412093B CN201810296663.0A CN201810296663A CN108412093B CN 108412093 B CN108412093 B CN 108412093B CN 201810296663 A CN201810296663 A CN 201810296663A CN 108412093 B CN108412093 B CN 108412093B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
- E04B1/68—Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
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Abstract
A modern landscape decoration rammed earth wall and a construction method thereof are disclosed, wherein soil in a construction site is used as a main raw material, and after sieving treatment, the rammed earth wall is prepared by the following steps: crushing stone: sand: cement: water = 6: 3: 2: 0.55: 1.2, adding water and mixing with broken stone, sand and cement, erecting a wood formwork according to the size of a wall body, performing layered tamping in the formwork, combining and pulling the reinforcing steel bars and bamboo bars in the wall, and performing surface layer treatment after formwork removal. The innovation is mainly focused on the following aspects: the method comprises the following steps of soil material mixing ratio, a structure reinforcing mode, a wall body ramming technology and surface layer maintenance, wherein the rammed soil material mixing ratio is the core content of the modern decorative rammed soil wall and determines whether the decorative wall can realize safety, stability, practicability and attractiveness; the structure reinforcing technology, the wall ramming method and the surface layer maintenance means can ensure that the modern rammed earth wall plays a use function and simultaneously fully meet the pursuit and enjoyment of people on building aesthetics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of application and building construction, and relates to a modern landscape decorative rammed earth wall and a construction method thereof, which are used for meeting high-quality requirements of villas, large public buildings and the like.
Background
As a civilized ancient country with a long history of more than five thousand years, after the ancient country enters twenty-first century, China develops new development vigor in various fields of economy, politics, culture and the like. With the gradual and deep understanding of people on emerging matters, the fusion of traditional culture and innovative thinking has received more attention. As an ancient building structure form, the rammed earth wall becomes a better choice for people to keep out wind and rain from the stone age. Although rammed earth structures have been subjected to brief impacts of reinforced concrete structures for over a hundred years.
Compared with the prior art, the traditional rammed earth wall construction process consumes time and wastes, and the reliability of the building material wall is poor, so that the safety and practicability requirements of modern buildings cannot be met, and the rammed earth wall cannot be trapped in a transient stagnation state.
According to the traditional construction method, the rammed earth wall is short in service life, damage in different degrees can be caused after the rammed earth wall is blown by wind and is dried in the sun, repair and maintenance are required to be carried out regularly, meanwhile, the characteristics of soil become important factors for limiting the height and the application range of the wall body, potential safety and attractiveness hazards caused by wall body collapse, silt pollution and the like exist, even though the rammed earth wall has the advantages of original ecology, greenness, nature and the like, and the traditional rammed earth wall technology is gradually edged in the building industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modern landscape decoration rammed earth wall and a construction method thereof, which innovates the traditional rammed earth wall technology from various aspects such as structure to surface layer and the like: starting with rammed earth materials, reasonable gradation of cement, sand, stone and water is adopted, and the structural strength is improved; starting from the wall bar planting technology, all parts of the rammed earth wall are connected into a whole in a form of combining steel bars and bamboo bars in the wall; starting from the surface layer of the wall body, the soil curing agent is adopted to ensure that the wall body can be washed and gift by wind and rain.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method of a modern landscape decoration rammed earth wall is used for independent rammed earth wall construction or rammed earth wall construction with one side being a structural wall, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing raw soil: soil is taken from a specified soil source in a construction site, and is screened by manpower or a soil screening machine, wherein the size of a screen hole is 0.8 cm-1.2 cm;
step two, mixing soil materials: loosening soil according to the mass mixing ratio: crushing stone: sand: cement: water = 6: 3: 2: 0.55: 1.2, mixing, diluting the required curing agent by adding water according to the proportion of 0.1 percent of the total weight, and adding the curing agent and the water into dry materials;
step three, basic masonry plastering: the rammed earth wall foundation adopts solid bricks, concrete press belts are poured on the upper parts of the solid bricks, and through long ribs are arranged along the wall body direction;
step four, basic moisture-proof treatment: carrying out moisture-proof treatment on the foundation;
step five, planting ribs on the wall surface of the structural wall: when one side of the rammed earth wall is a structural wall, steel bars are planted on the wall surface of the vertical structural wall;
step six, building a first-layer template: the supporting height of the first-layer template is determined according to the length of the short edge of the template, and the splicing of the templates adopts a hard splicing mode;
step seven, filling and tamping soil materials: and seventhly, filling and tamping the soil materials: the virtual paving thickness of the soil is preferably 20-25 cm, the ramming method in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui' is adopted for four times, and the ramming method in a shape like a Chinese character 'kou' is adopted for the corner part and two times of ramming are added;
step eight, laying bamboo reinforcement: when the bamboo reinforcement needs to be arranged in the soil layer, firstly laying the deficient soil and the deficient soil with the thickness of 10 cm-15 cm, horizontally placing the bamboo reinforcement, then laying the residual deficient soil and tamping, and arranging the bamboo reinforcement at the central position of the deficient soil laying layer;
step nine, erecting an upper-layer template: after the construction of the rammed earth wall of the story is finished, immediately starting the installation of the upper rammed earth wall formwork by the same method as the first-layer formwork;
step ten, ramming an upper-layer wall body: ramming the upper wall body until the formwork is supported to be 300mm away from the bottom of the formwork;
step eleven, laterally tamping the plate bottom: when the formwork is erected to be 300mm away from the bottom of the formwork, lateral tamping is adopted for rammed earth wall construction, a horizontal formwork is erected on one side of the lateral tamping and is matched with an inclined strut, and a vertical formwork on the other side is placed on the top;
step twelve, wall top waterproofing treatment: carrying out waterproof treatment on the open-air part at the top of the rammed earth wall;
step thirteen, form removal maintenance and finished product protection: and removing the formwork and coating a surface layer protective layer, so that the construction of the rammed earth wall is finished, and the outer side surface is directly used as a decorative finish surface.
In the eighth step, when the thickness of the rammed earth wall is less than 200mm, 2 rows of bamboo ribs are arranged in the horizontal direction; when the thickness is 200 mm-500 mm, 3 rows of bamboo ribs are horizontally arranged; when the thickness is 500 mm-800 mm, 4 rows of bamboo ribs are horizontally arranged; when the thickness is 800-1000 mm, 5 rows of bamboo ribs are arranged in the horizontal direction.
Further, in the eighth step, the maximum vertical laying distance of the bamboo ribs is 500 mm; the overlapping part of the bamboo reinforcement is bound by galvanized iron wires, and the longitudinal overlapping length is not less than 300 mm.
Further, in the eleventh step, a horizontal template is supported on one side of the rammed earth wall which is laterally rammed, an inclined strut is arranged, a vertical template on the other side of the rammed earth wall is placed on the top, the virtual pavement thickness of the earth material is 15cm, the lateral virtual pavement width is 20cm, layered ramming is adopted, and the thickness of the sunken part of the rammed earth wall is not smaller than that of the wall body of the rammed earth wall.
Further, in the twelfth step, the method for performing waterproof treatment on the wall top comprises the following steps: and (3) making a 1% downstream slope on the open-air part of the top of the rammed earth wall, brushing two soil curing agents, and sealing the upward seam of the contact part of the rammed earth wall and the structural wall by using sealing paste.
And further, in the thirteenth step, 28d after the construction of the decorative rammed earth wall structure is completed, brushing a soil curing agent stock solution on the surface of the rammed earth wall, wherein the curing agent is constructed in two steps, the first step is uniformly brushed along the horizontal direction, and after the brushing is completed, the second step is performed by brushing the curing agent along the vertical direction after the drying is performed for 2 hours.
In addition, the invention also provides a modern landscape decorative rammed earth wall prepared by the method, which comprises a rammed earth wall and reinforcing bars, wherein one side of the rammed earth wall is a structural wall, and the method is characterized in that: broken stones and sand are scattered in the soil of the rammed earth wall; the reinforcing bars comprise bamboo bars and reinforcing steel bars; the bamboo ribs are arranged in a layered and full-length mode from bottom to top along the extension direction of the wall body; the steel bars are wall embedded steel bars arranged on the vertical structural wall and are arranged in a plum blossom shape, and the laying distance between the upper layer of steel bars and the lower layer of steel bars is 3-5 times of the distance between the adjacent layers of bamboo bars; the open-air part of the top of the rammed earth wall is provided with a 1% downstream slope, and the top surface is coated with two soil curing agents.
The rammed earth wall is characterized in that soil materials of the rammed earth wall are formed by mixing loose earth, broken stones, sand, cement and water, and the mass ratio of ingredients is loose earth: crushing stone: sand: cement: water = 6: 3: 2: 0.55: 1.2.
furthermore, the overlapping part of the bamboo reinforcement is bound by galvanized iron wires, and the longitudinal overlapping length is not less than 300 mm.
Furthermore, sealing treatment is carried out on the upward seam of the contact part of the rammed earth wall and the structural wall by using sealing paste.
Compared with the prior art, the modern landscape decoration rammed earth wall has the characteristics of unique shape, novel appearance, green energy conservation and the like, can meet the requirements of appearance effect and use function of large-scale public and commercial buildings, has the advantages of local materials, safety, environmental protection and the like, establishes a new idea for the building industry mainly using reinforced concrete materials at present, and conforms to the development trend of 'green buildings' advocated by the domestic building industry. The innovative contents of the modern construction technology of the decorative rammed earth wall mainly focus on the following aspects: the method comprises the following steps of soil material mixing ratio, a structure reinforcing mode, a wall body ramming technology and surface layer maintenance, wherein the rammed soil material mixing ratio is the core content of the modern decorative rammed soil wall and determines whether the decorative wall can realize safety, stability, practicability and attractiveness; the structure reinforcing technology, the wall ramming method and the surface layer maintenance means can ensure that the modern rammed earth wall plays a use function and simultaneously fully meet the pursuit and enjoyment of people on building aesthetics. The specific advantages are illustrated as follows:
1. the method has the advantages that the traditional rammed earth wall technology is innovated, cement and gravels are added into rammed earth materials, the material gradation is optimized, the soil compaction degree and the wall safety are improved, and the problems of cracking, settlement and the like caused by uneven distribution of rammed earth materials of the wall are effectively avoided.
2. The modern rammed earth wall body tie bar adopts the form of combining the rear anchoring steel bar and the bamboo bar, so that the rammed earth wall body forms an organic whole, the anchoring effect of the rammed earth wall, the shear wall and the filler wall is enhanced, and deformation cracks caused by different wall body material property differences are prevented.
3. The characteristics of the material property of the bamboo wood are fully utilized: the elasticity of the bamboo ribs can not only fit the impact force of the electric rammer, but also can effectively tie the rammed earth wall body, thereby achieving the effect of consolidating the earth body; the bamboo ribs have no oxidability and cannot rust in soil, so that various defects of steel as a tie material are avoided, and the material is saved; the length of the bamboo ribs can be directly processed on site according to the length of the wall body, so that the material loss is reduced, and the construction performance is good; the bamboo reinforcement belongs to green and environment-friendly materials, has sufficient raw material reserves, convenient material acquisition and considerable economic benefits.
4. After the construction of the rammed earth wall is finished, the wall surface is coated with the soil curing agent to form a layer of transparent and compact protective film, so that the wall body can be prevented from being damaged due to the invasion of rainwater, the wall body can be prevented from being damaged by external force, and the attractive and durable wall surface effect is ensured.
5. Mechanical equipment required by modern rammed earth wall construction comprises a sand mixer, an electric rammer and the like, is common machinery in a construction site, can form flow construction with other construction procedures, improves the utilization rate of the machinery, and is convenient for construction organization.
6. Under most conditions, construction soil can be directly selected from engineering projects, the mixing proportion of rammed soil materials is properly adjusted according to the field soil condition, the construction requirement can be met, the transport distance of earthwork is saved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the steel bars embedded in the wall surface of the structural wall according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a template supporting state of the lateral tamping machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 4-1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of bamboo reinforcement when the thickness of the rammed earth wall related to the present invention is less than 200 mm;
FIG. 4-2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of bamboo reinforcement when the thickness of the rammed earth wall is 200-500 mm;
FIG. 4-3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of bamboo reinforcement when the thickness of the rammed earth wall is 500-800 mm;
FIG. 4-4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of bamboo reinforcement when the thickness of the rammed earth wall is 800-1000 mm;
reference numerals: 1-rammed earth wall, 2-structural wall, 3-bamboo reinforcement, 4-steel reinforcement, 5-template, 6-diagonal brace, 7-square timber and 8-through-wall screw.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the modern landscape ornamental rammed earth wall and the construction method thereof of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The examples described herein are specific embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary in nature, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to employ other technical solutions which are obvious based on the disclosure of the claims and the specification of the present application, and these technical solutions include technical solutions which make any obvious replacement or modification for the embodiments described herein.
The drawings in the present specification are schematic views to assist in explaining the concept of the present invention, and schematically show the shapes of respective portions and their mutual relationships. It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to the same scale so as to clearly illustrate the structures of the various elements of the embodiments of the invention. Like reference numerals are used to denote like parts.
The invention takes high-quality natural soil in a construction site as a main raw material, after sieving treatment, fully blending according to the material mixing ratio obtained after test determination, erecting a template 5 according to the size of a wall body, tamping in the template 5 in a layering way, combining and pulling a reinforcing steel bar 4 and a bamboo bar 3 in the wall, removing the template, and performing surface treatment to form the decorative rammed earth wall. The process flow is shown in figure 1, and the specific content is as follows:
sieving raw soil and mixing soil
Selecting a natural high-quality soil source from a site, screening by adopting a manual or soil screening machine, wherein the size of a screen hole is 8-12 mm, feeding materials in the sequence of sand-pebble-cement-soil-water after screening, and loosening soil according to the mass mixing ratio: crushing stone: sand: cement: water = 6: 3: 2: 0.55: 1.2 (or loose soil, broken stone, sand, cement and water in a volume ratio of = 10: 5: 3: 1: 3), adding water into the required curing agent according to a proportion of 0.1% of the total weight to dilute, adding the curing agent and the water into the dry materials, wherein the water cannot be poured into the curing agent and the dry materials are turned and spread in a layering manner, so that the water and the dry materials are fully mixed, and the cracking of the wall body caused by the increase of the local water content of the soil materials.
After the mixing of the soil and stone materials is finished, the soil and stone materials are required to be used within 2-4 hours, and under the high-temperature condition of more than 30 degrees, the soil and stone materials are required to be used within 1.5-2.5 hours, so that the tamping effect is prevented from being influenced, and the soil and stone materials with the mixing time not meeting the requirement are forbidden to be used.
During construction in rainy season, rain-proof measures should be taken for sieving raw soil and mixing soil materials, such as building an operation shed, covering color stripe cloth and the like, so as to ensure that the mixing proportion is not damaged by rainwater.
When the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the construction should be suspended to prevent the water from freezing, and the cement cannot be fully hydrated to cause the wall to be loose.
Second, basic masonry and plastering
The rammed earth wall foundation adopts a solid brick masonry foundation, the building is started from a floor slab structure, a foundation bottom plate or a concrete cushion, the top elevation of the foundation is 100mm above the elevation of an outdoor terrace, the width of the foundation is wall thickness +200mm below the outdoor terrace, the wall thickness is the same as the wall thickness above the outdoor terrace, and the rammed earth wall is longitudinally arranged in a through length mode.
And a 50-thick concrete pressing belt is poured on the upper part of the brick masonry foundation, the concrete strength grade is not lower than C15, through long ribs are arranged along the wall body direction, grooves with the interval of 5cm and the depth of 1cm are formed on the top surface of the concrete by using a brickwork cutter, and the rammed earth wall can conveniently take root.
Third, base moisture-proof treatment
And (3) brushing two 1.5-thick cement-based JS waterproof coatings on the concrete pressure strip to serve as a damp-proof layer at the bottom of the rammed earth wall.
Wall surface bar planting
For the independent rammed earth wall without a structural wall around, the bamboo reinforcement is directly arranged in the wall body without considering the bar planting.
For the rammed earth wall with the wall body and the structural wall having the binding face, a template is not supported on one side close to the rammed earth wall and the structural wall, but the wall surface needs to be embedded with ribs. On the wall surface of the concrete structure, the space between the embedded bars is 1000mm multiplied by 1000 mm; on the wall of masonry structure, the planting bars are arranged in a quincunx shape with the spacing of 2000mm multiplied by 2000mm, as shown in figure 2.
And (3) anchoring the steel bars after processing according to the thickness of the rammed earth wall, brushing two layers of antirust paint on the surfaces of the steel bars, wherein the depth of the embedded steel bars is 100mm, and the length of the exposed wall surface is the wall thickness minus 5 cm.
Fifthly, supporting the template
1) Template arrangement
The thickness of the rammed earth wall wood template is not less than 15mm, the size of the square wood 7 is not less than 100mm multiplied by 50mm, and the template is tied by adopting a wall-penetrating screw 8. The template uses the typical forms in large tracts of land, makes the template of constant height earlier before the template installation promptly, in the use, accomplishes this layer rammed earth wall construction after, begins upper rammed earth wall template installation immediately, when the rammed earth wall in bottom possesses the condition of demolising the template, in time demolishs the template and clears up and turnover the use.
2) Integral rammed earth wall formwork
In order to reduce the construction difficulty and improve the construction quality, the novel rammed earth wall template adopts a layered support method, and the support height of each layer is determined according to the length of the short edge of the template, usually 915mm or 1220 mm. The template climbs along with the height of the rammed earth wall, after the construction of the rammed earth wall on the layer is completed, the template installation of the rammed earth wall on the upper layer is immediately started, and when the rammed earth wall on the bottom has the condition of removing the template, the template is timely removed for cleaning and turnover use.
The distance between the horizontal back ridges of the rammed earth wall template is 300mm, the distance between the vertical back ridges is 500mm, and M12 wall-penetrating screw rods 8 are adopted for drawknot. When the thickness of the wall body is less than or equal to 400mm, the tie spacing is 500 mm; when the thickness of the wall body is larger than 400mm, the tie spacing is 400mm, after the construction of the rammed earth wall with a layer of 1m high formwork is completed, the upper formwork is erected, the method is the same as that of the first formwork, and the external corner part is fastened and fixed step by step.
Transparent adhesive tapes with the width not less than 5cm need to be adhered to each side of the two-wing templates at the external corner part of the rammed earth wall, so that the external corner is prevented from being damaged when the templates are removed.
When the formwork is erected to be 300mm away from the bottom of the plate, lateral tamping is needed in the construction of the rammed earth wall, small tools such as a small hammer and a small wooden tamper are used for tamping the lateral tamping, a horizontal formwork is erected on one side of the rammed earth wall in the lateral tamping mode and is provided with an inclined strut, and a vertical formwork on the other side is placed on the top, as shown in fig. 3.
3) Rammed earth wall template attached to structural wall
The method for supporting the rammed earth wall template at the joint part with the structural wall is the same as that of the integral rammed earth wall, and when the template is tied, the template is fixed in a mode of perforating a masonry wall (or utilizing a through-wall hole formed in construction of a shear wall, a column and the like), and through-wall ties are formed on the template and two sides of the wall.
Six, bamboo reinforcement arrangement
Except the wall planting muscle, along ramming the soil wall longitudinal arrangement and leading to long bamboo muscle, bamboo muscle cross-sectional dimension is about 30mm 8mm, and the bamboo chip in the old and useless bamboo scaffold board can be selected for use to local materials, also can go to the bamboo timber market and process, when needing to set up the bamboo muscle in the virtual soil layer of spreading, pave the virtual soil of about 10cm earlier, and the bamboo muscle is placed to the level, paves remaining virtual soil again, tamps. The bamboo reinforcement should be arranged in the central position of virtual soil layer of spreading, and vertical laying interval is about 500mm suitably.
The parts of the bamboo ribs needing to be lapped are bound by galvanized iron wires, and the longitudinal lapping length is not less than 300 mm.
Rammed earth wall with wall thickness less than 200mm, 2 rows of bamboo reinforcement are arranged in horizontal direction, as shown in figure 4-1; rammed earth wall with wall thickness of 200 mm-500 mm, 3 rows of bamboo ribs are arranged in horizontal direction, as shown in figure 4-2; the rammed earth wall with the wall thickness of 500 mm-800 mm is horizontally provided with 4 rows of bamboo ribs as shown in figure 4-3; the rammed earth wall with the wall thickness of 800-1000 mm is horizontally provided with 5 rows of bamboo ribs, as shown in figure 4-4.
Filling with soil
The method is characterized in that the soil mixed by a portable barrel is filled into a supported template in a manual transmission mode, the horizontal uniform paving can be realized, the horizontal wavy paving can also be adopted, the thickness of each layer of virtual paving is preferably 20-25 cm, the stubble connecting part can be streamline or linear according to the design requirement until the whole paving of one layer of soil in the template is completed, when the rammed soil wall is constructed to a certain height, the manual transmission cannot be implemented, the soil can be transported by adopting a winch and a fixed pulley, but safety control measures are required.
Eight, wall ramming
1) The tamping times of each layer are controlled to be more than four times. And after the construction of the first layer is finished, the personnel immediately organize to start the installation of the upper layer rammed earth wall formwork.
Before the upper layer rammed earth wall is subjected to virtual paving of earth materials, after the soil on the top of the lower layer rammed earth wall is dried, watering and wetting are carried out, and then virtual paving and ramming of the earth materials are carried out; in rainy days, the exposed wall body which is being constructed should be covered in time to prevent the template from being filled with rainwater.
2) The tamping pressure of the electric rammer is controlled to be about 0.5MPa, a steel plate with the thickness of 100mm multiplied by 20mm is arranged at the tamping head, the tamping effect is ensured, and the size of the steel plate can be adjusted according to the thickness of a wall body.
3) The electric rammer is adopted to firstly tamp and flatten quickly once and then tamp and tamp three times at a slow speed, and after tamping, corners of the rammed earth wall need to be tamped twice additionally, so that the tamping effect is ensured.
4) The tamping sequence is as follows: tamping from outside to inside in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui' from the periphery to the inside, and from the periphery to the center. And continuous ramming leakage is guaranteed during ramming. After one layer of rammer is built, the rammer is inclined, and the sharp corner of the rammer is used for driving a pit groove on the surface of rammed soil so as to ensure the bonding between the upper layer of rammer and the lower layer of rammer.
5) The method is characterized in that the board bottom rammed earth wall adopts a lateral ramming method, the virtual pavement thickness of the earth material is about 15cm, the lateral virtual pavement width is 20cm, the earth material is rammed in layers, the ramming direction is as the arrow direction in figure 3 until the thickness of the rammed earth wall is reached, the sunken part of the rammed earth wall is not thinner than the thickness of the wall body, and the convex part is polished to be flat by abrasive paper.
6) The maximum construction height of the rammed earth wall is 1.8m every day, the vertical construction joints are not allowed to be reserved on the wall body, and horizontal construction joints are not suitable to be arranged.
Nine, template removal
After the construction of the rammed earth wall in each layer of the templates is finished, the templates of the layer can be removed after the strength of the rammed earth wall is raised to a certain degree, the templates can be removed after the wall is rammed for 3 days under normal construction conditions, the high-temperature weather of more than 35 ℃ can be shortened to 2 days, the templates can be removed after the construction in rainy days and winter is prolonged to more than 5 days, and the conditions of not damaging the surface of the wall and the internal and external corners during the template removal are adopted.
Ten, upper formwork support and wall rammer building
After the construction of the rammed earth wall in each layer of template is finished, the upper layer of template is erected and the wall body is rammed according to the same method, and the steps are repeated in a circulating mode until the construction reaches the design height of the wall body.
Eleven, wall top water-proof treatment
1) Grade along water
The open-air part at the top of the rammed earth wall needs to be made into a 1% downstream slope. For the integral rammed earth wall, the top slope of the wall is towards the outdoor side; when a structural wall is arranged on one side of the rammed earth wall, the slope is inclined towards the outer wall surface of the rammed earth wall along the water. And stone coping or steel plate coping can also be added on the top.
2) Water repellent treatment
After the construction of the rammed earth wall is finished, two soil curing agents are coated on the top surface, and sealing treatment is carried out on the upward seam of the contact part of the rammed earth wall and the structural wall by using sealing paste.
Twelve, form removal and maintenance
1) When the formwork is disassembled, in order to protect the external corner and the rammed earth wall surface layer effect, the formwork is disassembled in blocks, and the damage to the rammed earth wall due to overlarge vibration when the whole formwork is disassembled at one time is avoided.
2) Tamping the damaged and grooved parts of the wall surface of the earth wall and the residual holes of the iron wires, maintaining the wall surface, tearing off the plastic film, repairing by adopting earth materials with the same proportion and the same color, tamping by using a hand-held wooden tamper, and polishing by using sand paper to be flat.
3) After the wall surface is repaired and polished, a plastic film is pasted on the wall surface for maintenance, after 7 days of maintenance, the plastic film is torn off, and is maintained for 7d by sprinkling water, and the temperature of the plastic film is higher than 35 ℃ in high-temperature weather sprinkling water for 14 d.
4) During winter construction, the surface is covered with cotton felt, cotton quilt, straw mat and the like in time after the form is removed, fire is generated beside the wall to heat the surface, the frost heaving of the wall surface is prevented, and finally the wall is loosened and falls off.
Thirteen, coating surface layer protective layer
1) And (3) brushing a curing agent stock solution on the wall surface of the rammed earth wall by using a roller brush 28 days after the construction of the rammed earth wall is finished, wherein the curing agent is constructed in two steps, the first step is uniformly coated in the horizontal direction, and the second step is coated with the curing agent in the vertical direction after the coating is finished and dried in 2 hours. The coating of the curing agent needs to be carried out in sunny days, so that the rain wash is prevented.
3) Before the curing agent is coated, the wall surface needs to be ensured to be completely dry, so that the influence of alkali reversion on the appearance of the wall surface is avoided.
3) During construction in winter, the weather with the temperature higher than 0 ℃ is selected for construction, if the temperature is lower than 0 ℃ for a long time, the surface protective layer can be temporarily coated, and construction is carried out after the temperature is raised in spring.
Fourteen-layer protection of finished products
After the construction of the rammed earth wall is finished, the front surface is directly used as a decorative finish surface, so the finished product protection work of the wall surface is particularly important.
1) The method is characterized in that the wood corner protector is manufactured in advance, the width of each wing is not less than 10cm, the height of each wing is 2m, and the wood corner protector is placed at the external corner of the rammed earth wall and is fixed by adhesive tapes during maintenance of the rammed earth wall.
2) When interior decoration such as white and plastering is constructed, the wall surface needs to be covered with a protective film to prevent mortar and paint from polluting the wall surface.
3) And pasting a notice board on the wall surface to remind cross operating personnel to assist in making finished product protection work.
4) Before the construction is completed, the wall surface can be lightly scrubbed by soft wet cloth, so that the impression effect of rammed earth wall construction is ensured.
Claims (6)
1. A construction method of a modern landscape decoration rammed earth wall is used for rammed earth wall construction with a structural wall (2) at one side, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing raw soil: soil is taken from a specified soil source in a construction site, and is screened by manpower or a soil screening machine, wherein the size of a screen hole is 0.8 cm-1.2 cm;
step two, mixing soil materials: loosening soil according to the mass mixing ratio: crushing stone: sand: cement: water = 6: 3: 2: 0.55: 1.2, mixing, diluting the required curing agent by adding water according to the proportion of 0.1 percent of the total weight, and adding the curing agent and the water into dry materials;
step three, basic masonry plastering: the rammed earth wall foundation adopts solid bricks, concrete press belts are poured on the upper parts of the solid bricks, and through long ribs are arranged along the wall body direction;
step four, basic moisture-proof treatment: carrying out moisture-proof treatment on the foundation;
step five, planting ribs on the wall surface of the structural wall: when one side of the rammed earth wall is a structural wall, steel bars (4) are planted on the vertical structural wall surface; the steel bars (4) are wall embedded steel bars arranged on the vertical structural wall and are arranged in a plum blossom shape, and the laying distance between the upper layer of steel bars (4) and the lower layer of steel bars is 3-5 times of the distance between the adjacent layers of bamboo bars (3);
step six, building a first-layer template (5): the supporting height of the first-layer template is determined according to the length of the short edge of the template, and the splicing of the templates adopts a hard splicing mode;
step seven, filling and tamping soil materials: the virtual paving thickness of the soil is preferably 20-25 cm, the ramming method in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui' is adopted for four times, and the ramming method in a shape like a Chinese character 'kou' is adopted for the corner part and two times of ramming are added;
step eight, laying the bamboo reinforcement (3): when the bamboo reinforcement needs to be arranged in the soil layer, firstly laying the void soil with the thickness of 10 cm-15 cm, horizontally placing the bamboo reinforcement, then laying the residual void soil and tamping, wherein the bamboo reinforcement is arranged at the central position of the void soil laying layer; the bamboo ribs (3) are arranged in a layered and full-length manner from bottom to top along the extension direction of the wall body;
step nine, erecting an upper-layer template: after the construction of the rammed earth wall of the story is finished, immediately starting the installation of the upper rammed earth wall formwork by the same method as the first-layer formwork;
step ten, ramming an upper-layer wall body: ramming the upper wall body until the formwork is supported to be 300mm away from the bottom of the formwork;
step eleven, laterally tamping the plate bottom: when the template (5) is erected to be 300mm away from the bottom of the template, lateral tamping is adopted for rammed earth wall construction, a horizontal template is erected on one side of the lateral tamping and is matched with an inclined strut (6), and a vertical template on the other side is placed on the top;
in the eleventh step, a horizontal template is supported on one side of the rammed earth wall (1) which is laterally rammed, an inclined strut (6) is matched, a vertical template on the other side is placed on the top, the virtual pavement thickness of the earth materials is 15cm, the lateral virtual pavement width is 20cm, layered ramming is adopted, and the depressed part of the rammed earth wall (1) is not thinner than the wall thickness of the rammed earth wall;
step twelve, wall top waterproofing treatment: carrying out waterproof treatment on the open-air part at the top of the rammed earth wall;
the method for waterproof treatment of the wall top comprises the following steps: 1% of downstream slope is made on the open-air part of the top of the rammed earth wall (1), two soil curing agents are coated, and sealing treatment is carried out on the upward seam of the contact part of the rammed earth wall (1) and the structural wall (2) by using sealing paste;
step thirteen, form removal maintenance and finished product protection: and removing the formwork and coating a surface layer protective layer, so that the construction of the rammed earth wall is finished, and the outer side surface is directly used as a decorative finish surface.
2. The construction method of the modern landscape decorating rammed earth wall according to claim 1, wherein: in the step eight, when the thickness of the rammed earth wall (1) is less than 200mm, 2 rows of bamboo ribs are arranged in the horizontal direction; when the thickness is 200 mm-500 mm, 3 rows of bamboo ribs are horizontally arranged; when the thickness is 500 mm-800 mm, 4 rows of bamboo ribs are horizontally arranged; when the thickness is 800-1000 mm, 5 rows of bamboo ribs are arranged in the horizontal direction.
3. The construction method of the modern landscape decorating rammed earth wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step eight, the maximum vertical laying distance of the bamboo ribs (3) is 500mm, the overlapped parts are bound by galvanized iron wires, and the longitudinal overlapping length is not less than 300 mm.
4. The construction method of the modern landscape decorating rammed earth wall according to claim 1, wherein: and step thirteen, coating the soil curing agent stock solution on the rammed earth wall surface 28 days after finishing the construction of the decorative rammed earth wall structure, wherein the curing agent is uniformly coated along the horizontal direction for the first time, and after being dried for 2 hours after the coating is finished, coating the curing agent for the second time along the vertical direction.
5. A modern landscape decoration rammed earth wall prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises a rammed earth wall (1) and reinforcing bars, wherein one side of the rammed earth wall (1) is a structural wall, and is characterized in that: broken stones and sand are scattered in the soil of the rammed earth wall (1); the reinforcing bars comprise bamboo bars (3) and reinforcing steel bars (4); the bamboo ribs (3) are arranged in a layered and full-length manner from bottom to top along the extension direction of the wall body; the steel bars (4) are wall embedded steel bars arranged on the vertical structural wall and are arranged in a plum blossom shape, and the laying distance between the upper layer of steel bars (4) and the lower layer of steel bars is 3-5 times of the distance between the adjacent layers of bamboo bars (3); the open-air part of the top of the rammed earth wall (1) is provided with a 1% downstream slope, and the top surface is coated with two soil curing agents.
6. The modern landscape architecture rammed earth wall of claim 5, wherein: the lap joint part of the bamboo rib (3) is bound by galvanized iron wires, and the longitudinal lap joint length is not less than 300 mm.
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| CN110145059B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-02-26 | 中冶建工集团有限公司 | Construction process of antique soil wall |
| CN110482954A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-22 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of earth material and its application suitable for thin-walled rammed earth wall |
| CN110818346B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2022-03-15 | 北京建筑大学 | Preparation method of decorative thin-wall rammed earth wall |
| CN111173171A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-19 | 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 | Waterproof and moistureproof treatment method for rammed earth wall of ancient building |
| CN115306057B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2024-06-11 | 知运保(亳州)技术开发有限公司 | Archaizing cloud wall ramming device for tourist area |
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| CN201254768Y (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2009-06-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Net bamboo reinforcement rammed earth wall |
| CN101349078B (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2010-09-22 | 昆明理工大学 | Bamboo reinforcement rammed earth wall building technique |
| CN202689252U (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2013-01-23 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Reinforced rammed earth wall applicable to rural house |
| CN203639939U (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-06-11 | 中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Bamboo-like hollow reinforced concrete cantilever type retaining wall |
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| CN206174187U (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-17 | 陕西理工学院 | Rammed -earth wall body of structure reinforcing |
| CN206737184U (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-12-12 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of rammed earth feature wall |
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