CN107989401B - Existing building outer wall reconstruction structure and construction method - Google Patents
Existing building outer wall reconstruction structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107989401B CN107989401B CN201810045206.4A CN201810045206A CN107989401B CN 107989401 B CN107989401 B CN 107989401B CN 201810045206 A CN201810045206 A CN 201810045206A CN 107989401 B CN107989401 B CN 107989401B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
- E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
- E04G23/0222—Replacing or adding wall ties
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
- E04B1/4178—Masonry wall ties
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- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
An existing building outer wall reconstruction structure and a construction method, wherein the existing building outer wall reconstruction structure comprises a newly built wall body, vertical reinforcing steel bars, horizontal reinforcing steel bars and tie bars; the newly-built wall body is closely attached to the outer side surface of the existing building wall body and is built by porous bricks; holes of the upper layer of porous bricks and the lower layer of porous bricks of the newly built wall are vertically and correspondingly arranged; the vertical steel bars are arranged at intervals along the outer side surface of the existing building wall body; each vertical reinforcing steel bar is penetrated in the holes of the perforated brick in a through length manner; the horizontal steel bars are arranged in a group at intervals along the vertical direction; each horizontal steel bar is arranged in the mortar joint of two adjacent layers of porous bricks, and two ends of each horizontal steel bar are fixedly connected with the vertical steel bar on the corresponding side respectively; the tie bar is horizontally arranged between the existing building wall body and the newly-built wall body. The invention solves the technical problems that the reconstruction and upgrading of the existing building wall body and the original appearance restoration are difficult, the service life of the building can not reach the design years, and the resource waste exists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of constructional engineering, and particularly relates to an existing building outer wall reconstruction structure and a construction method.
Background
With the continuous development of urban construction in China, large-scale construction, development and urban culture inheritance and protection are always contradictory, wherein a representative and large number is a batch of old buildings from the 70 th to the 90 th century, such as workshops, clubs, factories and masonry structure office buildings of some government commissions, the batch of buildings are already out of the way in terms of functions and comfort, the appearance is also worn, and the requirements of people on modern buildings cannot be met. However, in view of the requirements for the preservation and inheritance of urban culture and landscape in the general planning of the central urban area, some valuable existing buildings are used as carriers of urban culture, and the actual problems of how to utilize the conditions of the existing old structures and old buildings to carry out decoration energy-saving transformation and upgrading are presented by considering the aspects of green development and resource saving and cost saving and combining the general requirements of ecological civilization construction in the national general development strategy because the construction quality of the existing buildings is high and the design years are not reached. Therefore, the improvement, upgrading and original appearance restoration of the existing building become a new trend and direction of the building development of the central urban area in the future. The original masonry building original appearance is restored to have the greatest significance that the original masonry building original appearance can respect regional veins, enable the culture and significance of the original building to continue, keep the urban landscape, effectively improve the use function and the building quality of the original building, prolong the service life of the building, avoid resource waste, and arouse people to recall well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an existing building outer wall reconstruction structure and a construction method, which aim to solve the technical problems that the reconstruction and upgrading of an existing building wall and the restoration of original appearance are difficult, the service life of a building cannot reach the design age and resources are wasted.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The existing building outer wall reconstruction structure is arranged on the outer side of an existing building wall and comprises a newly built wall, vertical steel bars, horizontal steel bars and tie bars; the newly-built wall body is closely attached to the outer side surface of the existing building wall body and is built by porous bricks; wherein, the holes of the upper layer of porous bricks and the lower layer of porous bricks of the newly built wall are vertically and correspondingly arranged; the vertical steel bars are arranged at intervals along the outer side surface of the existing building wall body; wherein, each vertical steel bar is penetrated in the holes of the perforated brick in a through length manner; the horizontal steel bars are arranged in a group at intervals along the vertical direction; each horizontal steel bar is arranged in the mortar joint of two adjacent layers of porous bricks, and two ends of each horizontal steel bar are fixedly connected with the vertical steel bar on the corresponding side respectively; the tie bars are horizontally arranged between the existing building wall body and the newly-built wall body; one end of the tie bar is anchored in the existing building wall, and the other end of the tie bar is anchored in the mortar joint of two layers of porous bricks adjacent to the newly-built wall and fixedly connected with the vertical steel bar and the horizontal steel bar.
Preferably, the external wall reconstruction structure is provided with a supporting plate at a lintel position corresponding to the existing building wall body; the cross section of the supporting plate is L-shaped and comprises a vertical edge and a horizontal edge; the vertical edge of the supporting plate is clung to the outer side surface of the lintel and is connected with the lintel through an anchoring piece, and the bottom of the transverse edge of the supporting plate is level with the bottom surface of the lintel; the newly built wall body corresponds to the porous bricks at the lintel position of the existing building wall body and is built on the transverse edge of the supporting plate.
Preferably, when an enlarged brick foundation is arranged below the existing building wall body and the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation is less than or equal to 1m, the lower ends of the vertical steel bars are anchored in the enlarged brick foundation.
Preferably, when the width of the newly built wall body is larger than the width of the top surface of the enlarged brick foundation at the outer side of the existing building wall body, plain concrete is poured below the part of the newly built wall body exceeding the top surface of the enlarged brick foundation at the outer side of the existing building wall body.
Preferably, when a basement is arranged below the existing building wall or the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation is larger than 1m, a horizontal concrete joist is arranged at the outer side of the existing building wall and at the position corresponding to the top surface of backfill in the basement or the top position corresponding to the outer side of the enlarged brick foundation; the concrete joists are arranged along the outer side surface of the existing building wall in a through length manner; a joist main rib and a joist tie bar are arranged in the concrete joist; the joist main ribs are arranged in parallel with the outer side surface of the concrete joist in a through length manner and are positioned at a position close to the outer side surface of the concrete joist; the joist tie bars are arranged at intervals along the long axial direction of the concrete joist; each joist lacing wire is in a horizontal shape and comprises two horizontal sections arranged at intervals along the vertical direction and a vertical section connected between one end parts of the two horizontal sections; one side of the joist lacing wire provided with the vertical section is anchored in the newly built wall body, and the other side of the joist lacing wire is anchored in the existing building wall body; the joist main ribs are arranged on the inner side of the vertical section of the joist lacing wire along the vertical direction.
The construction method of the existing building outer wall reconstruction structure comprises the following steps.
Step one: layering and segmenting the newly-built wall to be constructed according to design requirements to form a plurality of newly-built wall units to be constructed, and designing a brick arrangement diagram of the newly-built wall units to be constructed.
Step two: and (3) erecting a scaffold outside the newly built wall to be constructed.
Step three: the outer side surface of the existing building wall body is chiseled, polished and washed, so that the bonding strength of the outer side surface of the existing building wall body, the drilling depth of the tie bars and the quality of the tie bars implanted meet the design requirements.
Step four: and (5) according to the design bearing capacity accounting, determining the arrangement form, the steel bar specification and the spacing of the vertical steel bars, the horizontal steel bars and the tie bars.
Step five: paying off the vertical steel bars, the horizontal steel bars and the tie bars in the new masonry wall unit to be constructed; the concrete contents include the positioning of the tie bar and the setting of the marker post bar.
Step six: and determining the drilling aperture and depth of the tie bar according to the design specification requirements and the field actual measurement result, and drilling and clearing the hole.
Step seven: and step five, planting tie bars at the well-fixed positions of the tie bars, and carrying out a drawing test on the tie bars after construction.
Step eight: and after the pulling strength of the implanted tie bars meets the design requirement, arranging vertical steel bars and horizontal steel bars in the new wall unit to be constructed.
Step nine: leveling the outer side surface of the existing building wall area corresponding to the new wall unit to be constructed.
Step ten: the porous bricks of the newly built wall units to be constructed are pasted; and (3) the multi-hollow bricks penetrate through vertical steel bars according to a designed brick arrangement diagram to form a new wall.
Step eleven: grouting; grouting is carried out in gaps between the 1 surface of the newly built wall body and the existing building wall body and in vertical joints between porous bricks after construction in the step ten, and finally, the effects that the newly built wall body unit and the existing building wall body are integrated and stressed cooperatively are achieved.
Step twelve: and (3) constructing the next section of new wall building unit or the next layer of new wall building unit, and repeating the construction processes from the eighth step to the eleventh step until all the new wall building units to be constructed are constructed, and finishing the construction.
Preferably, the layering and sectioning basis of the new wall to be constructed in the first step is the natural layer height of the existing building wall or the number of divisions of the outer vertical surface of the existing building wall;
the arrangement form of the vertical steel bars, the horizontal steel bars and the tie bars in the fourth step is that the spacing between adjacent vertical steel bars is not more than 510mm; the spacing between adjacent horizontal steel bars is not more than 510mm; the tie bars are arranged on the mortar joints of the existing building wall body and are arranged in a matrix shape; the spacing between vertically adjacent tie bars is not more than 510mm, and the spacing between horizontally adjacent tie bars is not more than 510mm; the spacing between the outermost tie bars and the edge of the existing building wall is not less than 5mm;
the depth of a drilling hole of the tie bar is not smaller than 20 times of the diameter of the tie bar, and the aperture is 4 mm-6 mm larger than the diameter of the tie bar;
and step seven, before the tie bar is planted, carrying out surface treatment on the tie bar, pouring structural adhesive into the drill hole, and then planting the treated tie bar into the drill hole.
Preferably, when the porous bricks of the new wall building unit to be constructed are stuck in the step ten to correspond to the lintel positions of the existing building wall, the supporting plate is connected to the lintel positions of the existing building wall; and then the porous bricks are built on the transverse edges of the supporting plates.
Preferably, when a basement is arranged below the existing building wall or the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation is larger than 1m, arranging horizontal concrete joists at the positions of the outer side of the existing building wall, corresponding to the top surface of backfill in the basement or the top of the outer side of the enlarged brick foundation before arranging vertical reinforcements and horizontal reinforcements in the new wall unit to be constructed in the eighth step; and then the lower ends of the vertical steel bars in the lowermost layer of the new wall units to be constructed are anchored in the concrete joists.
Preferably, in the step twelve, when two adjacent sections of the new wall units to be constructed are constructed, the two adjacent sections of the horizontal steel bars of the new wall units to be constructed are in lap joint; when the adjacent two layers of the new wall units to be constructed are constructed, the vertical steel bars in the adjacent two layers of the new wall units to be constructed are in lap joint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects.
1. The invention is suitable for the existing buildings with single-layer and multi-layer masonry structures, which have limited conditions in the old urban areas, need to keep the urban building appearances and improve the building functions, can fully utilize the existing building transformation to improve the use functions and the building quality, reduce the building energy consumption and prolong the building life; the invention directly constructs a new wall body on the outer side of the existing building outer wall, not only avoids the investment of construction period, materials and equipment brought by the disassembly of old construction in a limited field, but also ensures the whole structure of the finished building to be firm, meets the requirements of modern building functions and energy conservation, and maintains the urban cultural feature of old urban areas.
2. The invention measures and calculates the cost of each square meter of the newly built wall body by about 1100 yuan, and the cost and the construction period are controllable from preparation to construction, thereby not only achieving the effects of repairing the antique repair as old, but also realizing the functions of renovating, partially preserving heat and the like in a short period, and simultaneously realizing the aim of improving the building quality; compared with the whole building, the method has the advantages that the whole building is dismantled and rebuilt, the purposes of saving energy and materials, saving building cost (preliminary statistics of whole dismantling, and about 1650 yuan per square meter of the whole newly-built masonry building) and shortening the building period are achieved.
3. The newly built wall body mainly adopts the adhered porous bricks, so that the building has the heat preservation and energy conservation effects, the energy consumption of the building is reduced, meanwhile, the additional addition of a protective layer in the wall body is avoided, and the construction process is simplified.
4. According to the construction method, the brick arrangement design is carried out in advance according to the design requirements and measured parameters after on-site cleaning, then the vertical steel bars, the horizontal steel bars and the tie bars are arranged according to the brick arrangement diagram, the integral layering and sectional construction method is adopted, the tie bars are integrally paid off and positioned, the integral drilling and the bar planting are carried out, the horizontal steel bars are welded with the tie bars, the vertical steel bars are arranged on the inner sides of the horizontal steel bars and are connected with the horizontal steel bars in a binding mode, the standard bar bars are arranged to control the paving thickness and the flatness of the newly-built wall body, meanwhile, the basis is provided for the rationality of arranging porous bricks and mortar joints, and the mode of combining brick paving and grouting is adopted during the paving, so that the bonding strength with the existing building wall body is ensured, and the construction quality of the horizontal mortar joints is also ensured.
5. The porous brick is mounted in an integral layering and sectional construction mode for construction, so that the engineering quality is ensured, the engineering construction progress is accelerated, and good social benefit and economic benefit are obtained.
6. The new wall body is reserved and moderately reformed for the original building, the building effect of recovering the original appearance is achieved, the functions of renovating and preserving heat are simultaneously considered, the service life of the building is prolonged, and the safety and the stability of the structure of the new wall body are guaranteed by the integral steel bar net frame formed by connecting vertical steel bars, horizontal steel bars and tie bars.
7. The construction method summarizes and summarizes the construction process flow, quality control management and other methods of the exterior wall-mounted porous bricks, and can lead the older masonry building to realize the aims of energy conservation, material conservation and investment reduction through exterior wall mounting, thereby achieving the effects of refreshing, improving the building functions and realizing better economic benefits.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vertical section of a connection structure between an existing building wall and a newly built wall in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention with an enlarged brick foundation disposed below the existing building wall.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention when a basement is provided under an existing building wall.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a horizontal section of a connection structure between an existing building wall and a newly built wall in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the exterior wall modification of the present invention at a position corresponding to a lintel of an existing building wall.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the vertical section of the structure of the exterior wall modification of the present invention at the position corresponding to the lintel of the existing building wall.
Reference numerals: 1-new building wall, 2-vertical steel bars, 3-horizontal steel bars, 4-tie bars, 5-existing building wall, 6-supporting plate, 7-lintel, 8-anchoring piece, 9-expanded brick foundation, 10-plain concrete, 11-concrete joist, 11.1-joist main steel bars and 11.2-joist tie bars.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-6, the reconstruction structure of the external wall of the existing building is arranged on the outer side of an existing building wall body 5 and comprises a newly built wall body 1, vertical steel bars 2, horizontal steel bars 3 and tie bars 4; the newly built wall body 1 is closely attached to the outer side surface of the existing building wall body 5 and is built by porous bricks; wherein, the holes of the upper layer of porous bricks and the lower layer of porous bricks of the newly built wall body 1 are vertically and correspondingly arranged; the vertical steel bars 2 are arranged at intervals along the outer side surface of the existing building wall 5; wherein, each vertical steel bar 2 is penetrated in the holes of the porous bricks in a through length way; the horizontal steel bars 3 are arranged in a group at intervals along the vertical direction; each horizontal steel bar 3 is arranged in the mortar joint of two adjacent layers of porous bricks, and two ends of each horizontal steel bar 3 are fixedly connected with the corresponding vertical steel bars 2 on one side respectively; the tie bars 4 are horizontally arranged between the existing building wall 5 and the newly-built wall 1; one end of the tie bar 4 is anchored in the existing building wall 5, and the other end of the tie bar 4 is anchored in the mortar joint of two adjacent porous bricks of the newly built wall 1 and fixedly connected with the vertical steel bar 2 and the horizontal steel bar 3.
In the embodiment, the external wall reconstruction structure is provided with a supporting plate 6 at a position corresponding to a lintel 7 of the existing building wall 5; the cross section of the supporting plate 6 is L-shaped and comprises a vertical edge and a horizontal edge; the vertical edge of the supporting plate 6 is tightly attached to the outer side surface of the lintel 7 and is connected with the lintel 7 through an anchoring piece 8, and the bottom of the transverse edge of the supporting plate 6 is level with the bottom surface of the lintel 7; the newly built wall body 1 is built on the transverse edge of the supporting plate 6 corresponding to the porous bricks at the position of the lintel 7 of the existing building wall body 5.
In this embodiment, the vertical edge of the supporting plate 6 is adapted to the lintel 7 of the existing building wall 5, and 150 high angle steel is selected for anchoring; the width of the transverse edge of the supporting plate 6 is not smaller than 65mm, so that the perforated bricks are stably placed.
In this embodiment, when an enlarged brick foundation 9 is disposed below the existing building wall 5 and the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation 9 is less than or equal to 1m, the lower end of the vertical steel bar 2 is anchored in the enlarged brick foundation 9; because according to construction experience, when the burial depth is less than or equal to 1m, it is economical to make plain concrete foundation, and more than 1m adopts reinforced concrete belt.
In this embodiment, when the width of the newly built wall 1 is greater than the width of the top surface of the enlarged brick foundation 9 outside the existing building wall 5, plain concrete 10 is poured below the portion of the newly built wall 1 beyond the top surface of the enlarged brick foundation 9 outside the existing building wall 5.
In this embodiment, when a basement is disposed below the existing building wall 5 or the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation 9 is greater than 1m, a horizontal concrete joist 11 is disposed at the outer side of the existing building wall 5 and at the top position corresponding to the top surface of backfill in the basement or the top position corresponding to the outer side of the enlarged brick foundation 9; the concrete joist 11 is arranged along the outer side surface of the existing building wall 5 in a through length manner; a joist main rib 11.1 and a joist tie bar 11.2 are arranged in the concrete joist 11; a joist main rib 11.1 and a joist tie bar 11.2 are arranged in the concrete joist 11; the joist main ribs 11.1 are arranged in parallel with the outer side surface of the concrete joist 11 in a through length mode and are positioned at positions close to the outer side surface of the concrete joist 11; the joist tie bars 11.2 are arranged at intervals along the long axial direction of the concrete joist 11; each joist lacing wire 11.2 is in a horizontal shape and comprises two horizontal sections arranged at intervals along the vertical direction and a vertical section connected between one end parts of the two horizontal sections; one side of the joist lacing wire 11.2 provided with a vertical section is anchored in the newly-built wall body 1, and the other side of the joist lacing wire 11.2 is anchored in the existing building wall body 5; the joist main ribs 11.1 are provided with a group and are vertically arranged on the inner side of the vertical section of the joist lacing wire 11.2.
In this embodiment, the anchor member 8 is a chemical anchor.
The construction method of the existing building outer wall reconstruction structure comprises the following steps of.
Step one: according to the design requirements, layering and segmenting the new wall 1 to be constructed according to the natural layer height of the existing building wall 5 or the number of the partitions of the outer vertical face of the existing building wall 5 to form a plurality of new wall units to be constructed, and designing a brick arrangement diagram of the new wall units to be constructed.
Step two: and (3) erecting a scaffold on the outer side of the newly built wall body 1 to be constructed.
Step three: the outer side surface of the existing building wall body 5 is chiseled, polished and washed, so that the bonding strength of the outer side surface of the existing building wall body 5, the drilling depth of the tie bars 4 and the quality of the tie bars 4 implanted meet the design requirements; wherein the bonding strength required by the design is not less than 0.4 MPa; the drilling depth of the tie bar 4 is 20d, and d is the diameter of the implanted steel bar; the horizontal tension of the tie bar 4 is not less than 1.6KN.
Step four: according to the design bearing capacity accounting, determining the arrangement form, the steel bar specification and the spacing of the vertical steel bars 2, the horizontal steel bars 3 and the tie bars 4; the distance between the adjacent vertical steel bars 2 is not more than 510mm; the distance between the adjacent horizontal steel bars 3 is not more than 510mm; the tie bars 4 are arranged on the mortar joints of the existing building wall 5 and are arranged in a matrix shape; the spacing between vertically adjacent tie bars is not more than 510mm, and the spacing between horizontally adjacent tie bars 4 is not more than 510mm; the spacing between the outermost tie bar 4 and the edge of the existing building wall 5 is not less than 5mm.
Step five: paying off the vertical steel bars 2, the horizontal steel bars 3 and the tie bars 4 in the new masonry wall unit to be constructed; the concrete contents include the positioning of the tie bars 4 and the setting of the marker post bars.
Step six: determining the drilling aperture and depth of the tie bar 4 according to the design specification requirements and the on-site actual measurement results, and drilling and clearing holes; the drilling hole of the tie bar 4 is positioned on the original masonry mortar joint, the depth of the drilling hole is not less than 20 times of the diameter of the tie bar 4, and the aperture is 4 mm-6 mm larger than the diameter of the tie bar 4; immediately cleaning the hole after drilling, wiping ash powder on the wall of the hole by using a brush, and blowing the ash powder in the hole by using compressed air; then the orifice is temporarily plugged by a clean object so as to prevent sundries such as dust, sand grains and the like from falling into the orifice.
Step seven: planting the tie bars 4 at the well-fixed positions of the tie bars 4 in the fifth step, pouring structural adhesive into the drilled holes, and then carrying out a drawing test on the tie bars 4 after construction; the specific method comprises the following steps: before the tie bar 4 is planted, removing rust and an oxide layer on the surface of the tie bar 4 by a mechanical method or a steel wire brush for carrying out bar planting surface treatment, and removing residual greasy dirt by acetone; then gradually filling holes in the drill holes from inside to outside and discharging air, injecting the structural adhesive into the bottom of the holes by using a long nozzle device, gradually filling the holes in the drill holes from inside to outside by using an extruder and discharging air, wherein the adhesive injection amount is 1/2-1/3 of the hole depth, and the quality control key is that the adhesive is injected from the bottom, and no bubbles exist in the adhesive; then the processed tie bar 4 is slowly screwed into the hole to a preset depth, and the key of quality control is that the tie bar 4 should be slowly screwed in when being planted; after screwing in the tie bar 4, curing and solidifying: the tie bars 4 implanted in the holes are maintained at normal temperature until the used structural adhesive reaches the set time of consolidation (specifically determined according to the specification of the structural adhesive), the quality control key is to ensure the consolidation time, and the middle part is not disturbed.
Step eight: after the pulling strength of the implanted tie bars 4 meets the design requirement, arranging the vertical steel bars 2 and the horizontal steel bars 3 in the new wall unit to be constructed.
Step nine: and leveling the outer side surface of the area of the existing building wall 5 corresponding to the new wall building unit to be constructed.
Step ten: the porous bricks of the newly built wall units to be constructed are pasted; and (5) the multi-hollow bricks penetrate through the vertical steel bars 2 according to a designed brick arrangement diagram to form a newly-built wall body 1.
Step eleven: grouting; grouting is carried out in gaps between the newly built wall body 1 and the existing building wall body 5 and in vertical joints between porous bricks, and finally the effects that the newly built wall body unit and the existing building wall body 5 are integrated and stressed cooperatively are achieved.
Step twelve: and (3) constructing the next section of new wall building unit or the next layer of new wall building unit, and repeating the construction processes from the eighth step to the eleventh step until all the new wall building units to be constructed are constructed, and finishing the construction.
In this embodiment, when the porous brick of the new masonry unit to be constructed is attached in the step ten to correspond to the position of the lintel 7 of the existing building wall 5, the specific construction method is as follows:
1. drilling: forming holes on the lintel 7 by impact drilling to ensure enough roughness of the hole wall after forming holes; before drilling, the installation position of the anchoring piece 8 is determined according to paying-off positioning of a design drawing, drilling forming is carried out according to the requirement of the design drawing, and the drilling aperture, the drilling depth and the verticality are controlled according to the requirement of the design specification anchoring.
2. Hole cleaning: firstly, brushing floating dust on the wall of the hole by using a steel wire brush or a hairbrush, and then cleaning the dust in the hole by using a blowing cylinder or a dust collector.
3. Installation of the anchor 8: the anchoring piece 8 adopts a chemical anchor bolt, a rubber tube of the chemical anchor bolt is placed into a clear hole, a percussion drill chuck is used for clamping a screw rod, the percussion drill is opened to a rotation gear, and the screw rod is screwed into the hole at the speed of 250-750 revolutions per minute.
4. Curing and curing chemical anchor bolts: the outdoor temperature is 20 ℃ for 20 minutes, the outdoor temperature is 10 ℃ for 30 minutes, the outdoor temperature is 0 ℃ for 1 hour, the outdoor temperature is-5 ℃ for 5 hours, and the outdoor temperature is-10 ℃ for 10 hours;
after the chemical anchor bolts are cured, the supporting plate 6 is connected to the chemical anchor bolts, and then porous bricks are built on the transverse edges of the supporting plate 6.
In the embodiment, when a basement is arranged below the existing building wall 5 or the burial depth of the expanded brick foundation 9 is larger than 1m, the outdoor base layer is firstly tamped before arranging the vertical steel bars 2 and the horizontal steel bars 3 in the new wall unit to be constructed in the step eight, the tamping coefficient is required to be larger than 0.95, and a horizontal concrete joist 11 is arranged at the outer side of the existing building wall 5 and in the range of 250mm high at the upper part of the base layer; then the lower end of the vertical steel bar 2 in the lowermost layer of new wall unit to be constructed is anchored in the concrete joist 11, and the construction of the porous bricks at the upper part is carried out after the concrete strength of the concrete joist 11 reaches the design strength; when the horizontal steel bars 3 are arranged, binding connection is adopted between two ends of the horizontal steel bars 3 and the vertical steel bars 2 corresponding to two sides of the horizontal steel bars; binding connection is adopted between the vertical steel bars 2 and the tie bars 4, and the vertical steel bars 2 are arranged on the inner sides of the horizontal steel bars 3 according to design requirements; the horizontal steel bar 3 is welded with the tie bar 4.
In this embodiment, when an enlarged brick foundation 9 is disposed below an existing building wall 5, and the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation 9 is less than or equal to 1m, the bottom of a newly built porous brick wall 1 needs to be partially poured with plain concrete 10 to be filled, and construction of upper part of the newly built porous brick is performed after the design strength is reached.
In the embodiment, in the step twelve, when two adjacent sections of wall units to be constructed are constructed, the horizontal steel bars 3 of the two adjacent sections of wall units to be constructed are in lap joint connection; when the adjacent two layers of the new wall units to be constructed are constructed, the vertical steel bars 2 in the adjacent two layers of the new wall units to be constructed are in lap joint.
In the embodiment, the concrete construction method for sticking the porous bricks of the new wall units to be constructed in the step ten is as follows.
1. The method comprises the steps of controlling the overall flatness of a new wall building unit to be constructed by hanging through lines, paving bottom slurry, arranging porous bricks and filling vertical joints at the same time when a leather brick is built, alternately performing the working procedures, paving a section of mortar on the top of a lower wall by using an ash paving device, then carrying the porous bricks by two hands or carrying the porous bricks by one hand, connecting the porous brick bodies with the arranged vertical steel bars 2 by adopting effective perforation, extruding the porous bricks into the mortar to a certain thickness, and then leveling the porous bricks to meet the requirements of lower leveling edges, upper leveling lines and horizontal leveling and vertical; when a plurality of porous bricks are continuously extruded, the porous bricks are pushed and extruded in a flat way to ensure full mortar joints and ensure the masonry quality; the slurry spreading length is not more than 750mm, the slurry spreading length is not more than 500mm when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃ during construction, and the adhesive mortar is adopted to perform pouring molding between the wall body to be built and the original structural surface and between the wall body to be built and the porous brick holes, so that the overall adhesive force between the existing building wall body 5 and the newly built wall body 1 and between the wall body and the reinforcing steel bar net frame is enhanced; after the construction of each layer (the wall body is adhered to the wall body height of 510 mm), the construction of the next section or the next layer of new wall body unit to be constructed is carried out after the construction of the vertical steel bar 2 binding, the wall body construction quality and the inner grouting are proved and accepted.
2. Ram brick (roughing, carefully chosen): before leaving the factory, selecting the porous bricks, uniformly not loading the porous bricks with large size deviation, bending, cracking, large chromatic aberration and scarring, and adding soft materials for protection in the middle of each layer of porous bricks to avoid larger friction between the porous bricks in the transportation process, thereby damaging edges and corners of the porous bricks; after the porous bricks are transported into the field, the porous bricks are selected again, and the porous bricks are uniformly replaced due to the corner loss caused by the collision and the edge loss in the transportation process; the porous bricks enter the site to be piled according to a construction plane layout diagram, and the angles of the porous bricks are protected from being damaged during loading and unloading; in the stacking process, the damage of the porous bricks and the edges and corners of the porous bricks is reduced.
3. Cutting bricks: all special-shaped porous bricks on the wall are cut by a special cutting machine and operators, so that workers are prevented from cutting the porous bricks by using a axe, and the construction quality of the clear water porous bricks is ensured.
4. Brick conveying: in the aspects of porous brick entering and in-field transporting, the special shaping bottom tray is adopted as a carrier for transporting the porous bricks, and is loaded and unloaded by a forklift, so that material loss caused by repeated transportation of the clear water porous bricks is avoided, and meanwhile, the working efficiency is improved.
5. Brick arrangement:
(1) And carrying out secondary deep design according to the drawing size, the door and window position, the modulus of the perforated brick, the width of the mortar joint and the basic requirements of the row of perforated bricks and the design requirements.
(2) Laying the row of porous bricks and reserving the position of the hole: and (3) trial-arranging dry porous bricks on a base surface of the paying-off line according to a selected building mode, wherein gaps of 8-10 mm are reserved among the porous bricks, the placing is performed according to the conditions of 8-10 mm, and the placing can be adjusted between 8-10 mm so as to meet the modulus and avoid breaking.
(3) The purpose is: the wall pile, the corner, the position of the gate or the opening and the like are considered by the whole plate, so that the mortar joint is reasonable and uniform, and the whole wall surface is more attractive after the whole wall surface is built.
(4) Rechecking: before the building, the porous bricks are arranged at the bottom, whether the ejected ink lines meet the modulus of the porous bricks at the positions of door and window openings and the like is checked, after the ink lines are tested to be qualified, the ink lines can be pulled through for building, the positions of the openings and the like in the wall are required to be accurately connected with the original openings as the construction standard, and the lintel of the openings is required to be additionally arranged in advance for manufacturing.
6. Leveling: before building, each layer of elevation is defined on the foundation surface or the floor, the number of porous brick covers is controlled by a vertical leather number rod, and mortar or fine stone concrete is used for leveling, so that the elevation of the bottom of each layer of wall meets the design requirement.
7. Paying off: before building, a standard line is pulled by taking a bottom layer axis positioning nail as a mark, a plumb is hung along the standard line to put the axis on a foundation surface, a longitudinal wall side line and a transverse wall side line are popped up according to the axis, and the original door and window positions are subjected to connection treatment; the theodolite and the plumb bob are matched to guide each axis to the floor, and pop up each wall edge, and the positions are fixed according to the original door and window positions; checking whether the positions of doors and windows of all layers are on the same plumb line by using plumb bobs; the released control line is checked by a special quality inspection personnel by using a theodolite and a steel rule by using a rectangular coordinate method, so that accuracy is ensured.
8. Standing leather counting rod: the leather number rod is marked with the thickness of each leather perforated brick and mortar joint, and the elevation positions of the outer wall surface, the door and window opening, the lintel and the like.
(1) The leather number rods are erected at corners or openings of original doors and windows, and the distance is not more than 10m; pulling alignment lines between the leather number rods, and building leather by leather according to the alignment lines; the quasi-line length should not be too long, and the waist line is arranged in the middle of the quasi-line length to avoid the influence of sagging and wind blowing; the alignment wire is tensioned with an extremely fine nylon cord to reduce errors.
(2) The elevation value guided by the level gauge is marked on the constructional column steel bar by red paint, the leather number bar is bound on the constructional column steel bar according to the mark, and after the binding, a special quality inspection personnel performs full-digital inspection and calibration.
9. Disc angle: firstly, pulling through the line, and building the first skin porous bricks according to the positions of the arranged dry porous bricks; then installing a leather counting rod at a required position, marking according to the leather counting rod, starting to plate angles, wherein the heights of the six-leather perforated bricks are not exceeded each time when the angles are coiled, checking at any time according to the principle of three-leather one-hanging and five-leather one-leaning, and eliminating masonry errors in the operation process; when the angle is coiled, the porous brick layer and the elevation of the leather rod are carefully compared, and the size of the mortar joint is controlled, so that the horizontal mortar joint is uniform; and (3) rechecking once after the large angle disc is well, and hanging the wire after the large angle disc is flat and vertical and completely meets the requirements.
10. Hanging wire: the single-sided wall line with the thickness of 60 or 120 ensures the flatness of the horizontal mortar joint of the wall body; after each corner is coiled, a quasi-line can be hung on the head corner, and then a middle wall body is built according to the quasi-line; when the length is more than or equal to 15m or in the windy days, the middle is flattened by planting the tendons; the hanging wire is required to be tensioned, and each layer of porous bricks is required to be threaded and leveled, so that the horizontal seams are uniform and consistent, and are straight and smooth; when a porous brick thick wall is built, an external hand hanging line is adopted, so that the flatness of the two surfaces of the newly built wall body 1 can be kept, and a foundation is laid for controlling the plastering thickness in the next working procedure.
11. Building: the method for building the porous bricks comprises the steps of selecting a building method of smooth building according to the design requirement, and constructing the porous bricks by adopting a slurry paving method; the operation is as follows.
(1) Before masonry, the working of adjusting ash, selecting porous bricks, checking wall surfaces, cleaning basal planes and the like are performed.
(2) Before masonry, the joint of the masonry should be cleaned up, and watered and moistened.
(3) The newly built wall 1 must follow the hung line, the distance between the upper edge of the porous brick and the hanging line is about 1mm, the lower edge of the porous brick must be flush with the upper edge of the porous brick on the lower layer, and the vertical plane flush of the porous brick is ensured.
(4) The sectioning position of the working section of the newly built wall body 1 is preferably reserved at the positions of the temperature seam and the door and window opening, and the building height difference of the adjacent working sections is not more than the height of one floor and is not more than 4m.
(5) The height difference of the temporary discontinuous part of the newly built wall body 1 cannot exceed the height of the one-step scaffold, and the daily building height of the newly built wall body 1 cannot exceed 1.8m.
(6) The width of the horizontal mortar joints and the vertical mortar joints of the newly built wall body 1 is 10mm, the mortar plumpness of the horizontal mortar joints is not less than 90%, the mortar plumpness of the vertical mortar joints is not less than 80%, and the water flushing mortar joint filling is strictly forbidden.
(7) The holes of the paving porous bricks and the reinforcing steel meshes are required to be filled closely when being laid, and the holes are not reserved.
(8) The laid porous bricks must be laid flat and cannot be half thick and half thin, resulting in tilting of the porous brick face.
(9) The length of the mortar is not more than 750mm, and the length of the mortar is not more than 500mm when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃ during construction, and the adhesive mortar is adopted to perform pouring molding between the wall body to be built and the original structural surface and between the wall body to be built and the porous brick holes, so that the integral adhesive force between the original structure and the wall body to be built and between the wall body to be built and the reinforcing steel bar net frame is enhanced.
(10) When a new wall 1 is built, the porous brick joints of the interlayer are aligned, and the adjacent porous brick joints of the upper layer and the lower layer are staggered, so that the new wall 1 built by pasting is attractive, when one step of building is finished, the new wall 1 is comprehensively checked by using a wire supporting plate, preferably, two vertical lines are sprung at the vertical edge positions of the porous bricks at intervals of 2m, and the joint can be controlled in a segmented manner.
(11) In the building process, the self-checking is carefully carried out, if deviation exists, the deviation should be corrected at any time, the plumb degree of a hanging wall corner is hung by a plumb bob for pasting and building 3-skin porous bricks, and the plumb degree of a leaning wall surface is close to a guiding ruler plate for pasting and building 5-skin porous bricks, so that the building is smooth.
(12) The porous brick surface is selected in the masonry, and the neat and beautiful surface is to be laid outside.
(13) The surface of the newly built wall body 1 is provided with a bulge, so that the newly built wall body cannot be hit, and the re-built wall body must be disassembled.
(14) The mortar should be used along with stirring, the cement mortar must be used up within 3 hours, the overnight mortar must not be used, the mortar is prevented from falling on the wall surface as much as possible, if the mortar is stained, the mortar is not cleaned immediately, but is cleaned when the mortar is slightly dry; when the wall surface and the floor ash are required to be cleaned during masonry, the site cleaning is required to be completed when each masonry work is finished.
(15) The building is stopped in rainy days, the new building wall body 1 is covered by waterproof cloth, and the pollution of the porous brick surface caused by the flushing of mortar to the surface of the new building wall body 1 is prevented.
12. Pointing: the pointing is preferably finished pointing agent, so that the formed porous brick joints are smooth and compact, the capability of preventing moisture invasion is realized, the phenomenon of microcracking of the porous brick joints is eliminated, and the durability of the building is improved.
(1) The newly built wall body 1 should be watered and moistened the day before the joint is formed, and a proper amount of water is watered during the joint is formed, but not too moistened.
(2) The wall surface pointing should be horizontal and vertical, the depth is consistent, overlap joint is level and compaction trowelling, must not have the phenomenon such as losing the seam, fracture and bonding are not firm.
(3) The depth of the hooked horizontal seam is consistent with that of the vertical seam, the horizontal seam and the vertical seam are required to be compact and smooth, the joint is required to be flat, the external corners are required to be square, and the internal corners cannot be directly connected, blind seams and lost seams.
(4) After the last seam is hooked, the wall surface is cleaned by a hairbrush (one side is hooked and the other side is cleaned, so that the just hooked wall surface is prevented from being polluted), and the hooked seam is free from the defects of joint, burrs, tongue ash and the like.
13. Curing: after the building, the newly built wall 1 needs to be watered and maintained, so that the wall surface is kept clean.
14. Brushing a wall surface protective agent: when the integral newly built wall body 1 reaches the design strength and the wall surface condition allows, the wall surface is painted with neutral protective agents such as osmotic crystallization or organic silicon for 2 times, so that the pollution of alkali return on the surface of the porous brick body caused by rain and snow days or the volatilization of water in the porous brick body is avoided.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an existing building outer wall reforms transform structure, sets up in the outside of existing building wall body (5), its characterized in that: comprises a newly built wall body (1), vertical steel bars (2), horizontal steel bars (3) and tie bars (4); the newly built wall body (1) is closely attached to the outer side face of the existing building wall body (5) and is built by porous bricks; wherein, the holes of the upper layer of porous bricks and the lower layer of porous bricks of the newly built wall body (1) are vertically and correspondingly arranged; the vertical steel bars (2) are arranged at intervals along the outer side surface of the existing building wall (5); wherein, each vertical steel bar (2) is penetrated in the holes of the porous bricks in a through length way; the horizontal steel bars (3) are arranged in a group at intervals along the vertical direction; each horizontal steel bar (3) is arranged in the mortar joint of two adjacent layers of porous bricks, and two ends of each horizontal steel bar (3) are fixedly connected with the corresponding vertical steel bars (2) on one side respectively; the tie bars (4) are horizontally arranged between the existing building wall (5) and the newly built wall (1); one end of the tie bar (4) is anchored in the existing building wall (5), and the other end of the tie bar (4) is anchored in the mortar joint of two adjacent layers of porous bricks of the newly-built wall (1) and is fixedly connected with the vertical steel bar (2) and the horizontal steel bar (3);
the external wall reconstruction structure is provided with a supporting plate (6) at the position corresponding to the lintel (7) of the existing building wall (5); the cross section of the supporting plate (6) is L-shaped and comprises a vertical edge and a horizontal edge; the vertical edge of the supporting plate (6) is tightly attached to the outer side surface of the lintel (7) and is connected with the lintel (7) through an anchor piece (8), and the bottom of the transverse edge of the supporting plate (6) is level with the bottom surface of the lintel (7); the porous bricks at the positions of the new wall body (1) corresponding to the lintel (7) of the existing building wall body (5) are built on the transverse edges of the supporting plates (6);
when a basement is arranged below the existing building wall (5) or the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation (9) is larger than 1m, a horizontal concrete joist (11) is arranged at the outer side of the existing building wall (5) and at the top position corresponding to the top surface of backfill in the basement or the top position corresponding to the outer side of the enlarged brick foundation (9); the concrete joist (11) is arranged along the outer side surface of the existing building wall (5) in a through length manner; a joist main rib (11.1) and a joist lacing wire (11.2) are arranged in the concrete joist (11); the joist main ribs (11.1) are arranged in parallel with the outer side surface of the concrete joist (11) in a through length mode and are positioned at positions close to the outer side surface of the concrete joist (11); the joist lacing wires (11.2) are arranged at intervals along the long axial direction of the concrete joist (11); each joist lacing wire (11.2) is in a horizontal shape and comprises two horizontal sections arranged at intervals along the vertical direction and a vertical section connected between one end parts of the two horizontal sections; one side of the joist lacing wire (11.2) provided with the vertical section is anchored in the newly-built wall body (1), and the other side of the joist lacing wire (11.2) is anchored in the existing building wall body (5); the joist main ribs (11.1) are provided with a group and are vertically arranged on the inner side of the vertical section of the joist lacing wire (11.2);
when an enlarged brick foundation (9) is arranged below the existing building wall (5) and the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation (9) is smaller than or equal to 1m, the lower ends of the vertical steel bars (2) are anchored in the enlarged brick foundation (9).
2. An existing building exterior wall modification structure according to claim 1, wherein: when the width of the newly built wall body (1) is larger than the width of the top surface of the enlarged brick foundation (9) on the outer side of the existing building wall body (5), plain concrete (10) is poured below the part, exceeding the top surface of the enlarged brick foundation (9) on the outer side of the existing building wall body (5), of the newly built wall body (1).
3. A method of constructing an existing building exterior wall modification structure as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one: layering and segmenting the new wall body (1) to be constructed according to design requirements to form a plurality of new wall body units to be constructed, and designing a brick arrangement diagram of the new wall body units to be constructed;
step two: building a scaffold on the outer side of a newly built wall body (1) to be constructed;
step three: the outer side surface of the existing building wall body (5) is chiseled, polished and washed, so that the bonding strength of the outer side surface of the existing building wall body (5), the drilling depth of the tie bars (4) and the quality of the tie bars (4) implanted meet the design requirements;
step four: according to the design bearing capacity accounting, determining the arrangement form, the steel bar specification and the spacing of the vertical steel bars (2), the horizontal steel bars (3) and the tie bars (4);
step five: paying off the vertical steel bars (2), the horizontal steel bars (3) and the tie bars (4) in the new masonry wall unit to be constructed; the concrete content comprises positioning of tie bars (4) and setting of marker post bars;
step six: determining the drilling aperture and depth of the tie bar (4) according to the design specification requirements and the on-site actual measurement results, and drilling and cleaning the holes;
step seven: planting the tie bar (4) at the well-fixed position of the tie bar (4) in the fifth step, and carrying out a drawing test on the tie bar (4) after construction;
step eight: after the pulling strength of the tie bars (4) to be implanted meets the design requirement, arranging vertical steel bars (2) and horizontal steel bars (3) in a new wall unit to be constructed;
step nine: leveling the outer side surface of the area of the existing building wall (5) corresponding to the new wall building unit to be constructed;
step ten: the porous bricks of the newly built wall units to be constructed are pasted; the multi-hollow brick is built into a newly built wall body (1) by passing through a vertical steel bar (2) according to a designed brick arrangement diagram;
step eleven: grouting; grouting in gaps between the surface of the newly built wall body 1 and the existing building wall body (5) and in vertical joints between porous bricks, and finally achieving the effects that the newly built wall body unit and the existing building wall body (5) are integrated and stressed cooperatively;
step twelve: and (3) constructing the next section of new wall building unit or the next layer of new wall building unit, and repeating the construction processes from the eighth step to the eleventh step until all the new wall building units to be constructed are constructed, and finishing the construction.
4. The construction method of the existing building exterior wall modification structure according to claim 3, wherein: the layering and sectioning basis of the newly built wall body (1) to be constructed in the first step is the natural layer height of the existing building wall body (5) or the number of divisions of the outer vertical surface of the existing building wall body (5);
in the fourth step, the arrangement form of the vertical steel bars (2), the horizontal steel bars (3) and the tie bars (4) is that the spacing between the adjacent vertical steel bars (2) is not more than 510mm; the distance between the adjacent horizontal steel bars (3) is not more than 510mm; the tie bars (4) are arranged on the mortar joints of the existing building wall (5) and are arranged in a matrix shape; the spacing between vertically adjacent tie bars (4) is not more than 510mm, and the spacing between horizontally adjacent tie bars (4) is not more than 510mm; the spacing between the outermost tie bar (4) and the edge of the existing building wall (5) is not less than 5mm;
the depth of a drilling hole of the tie bar (4) is not smaller than 20 times of the diameter of the tie bar (4), and the aperture is 4 mm-6 mm larger than the diameter of the tie bar (4);
and step seven, before the tie bar (4) is planted, carrying out bar planting surface treatment, pouring structural adhesive into the drill hole, and then planting the treated tie bar (4) into the drill hole.
5. The construction method of the existing building exterior wall modification structure according to claim 3, wherein: when the porous bricks of the new wall building unit to be constructed are stuck in the step ten to correspond to the position of the lintel (7) of the existing building wall (5), connecting the supporting plate (6) at the position of the lintel (7) of the existing building wall (5); and then the porous bricks are built on the transverse edge of the supporting plate (6).
6. The construction method of the existing building exterior wall modification structure according to claim 3, wherein: when a basement is arranged below the existing building wall (5) or the burial depth of the enlarged brick foundation (9) is larger than 1m, arranging horizontal concrete joists (11) at the positions of the outer side of the existing building wall (5), the top surface of backfill in the corresponding basement or the top position of the outer side of the enlarged brick foundation (9) and the top of the backfill before arranging the vertical steel bars (2) and the horizontal steel bars (3) in the new wall unit to be constructed in the eighth step; and then the lower ends of the vertical steel bars (2) in the lowermost layer of the new wall units to be constructed are anchored in the concrete joists (11).
7. The construction method of the existing building exterior wall modification structure according to claim 3, wherein: in the step twelve, when two adjacent sections of wall units to be constructed are constructed, the two adjacent sections of horizontal steel bars (3) of the wall units to be constructed are in lap joint; when the adjacent two layers of the new wall units to be constructed are constructed, the vertical steel bars (2) in the adjacent two layers of the new wall units to be constructed are in lap joint connection.
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