CN104518013A - 半导体元件 - Google Patents

半导体元件 Download PDF

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CN104518013A
CN104518013A CN201410515202.XA CN201410515202A CN104518013A CN 104518013 A CN104518013 A CN 104518013A CN 201410515202 A CN201410515202 A CN 201410515202A CN 104518013 A CN104518013 A CN 104518013A
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高原良雄
三浦猛
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供一种半导体元件,其能够减小接合电容并且使半导体层的侧面稳定化。半导体元件(10)具有由高浓度N型半导体层形成的集电极接触层(16)。在集电极接触层(16)上层叠有N型的集电极层(15)、层叠在集电极层(15)上并具有上表面(14a)的高浓度P型半导体层即基极层(14)、层叠在上表面(14a)的一部分上的N型的发射极层(11)。在基极层(14)与集电极层(15)的接合面形成有基极集电极层接合部(18)。惰性部(19)在俯视观察时设置在上表面(14a)上的与基极电极(13)的外侧端部相比的外侧。惰性部(19)通过从由氦以及氩构成的群中选择出的1种元素对第1、2半导体层进行离子注入而形成。惰性部(19)从上表面(14a)延伸至与基极集电极层接合部(18)相比的下方。

Description

半导体元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体元件。
背景技术
在现有的高频功率放大器中使用的异质接合型双极晶体管(下面称为HBT),通常以如图5所示的方式构成。图5是表示用于说明本发明的课题的具有典型的HBT结构的半导体元件的图。图5所示的HBT具有由N型半导体形成的发射极层111、发射极电极112、基极电极113、由高浓度P型半导体形成的基极层114、由N型半导体形成的集电极层115、由高浓度N型半导体形成的集电极欧姆层116、集电极电极117。
在该HBT中,在P型的基极层114和N型的集电极层115之间,形成有基极集电极接合部118。为了将接合电容(Cbc)低电容化并提高高频率特性(最大振荡频率fmax等),优选使该基极集电极接合部118尽可能小。因此,优选将位于基极电极113的外侧的PN结端部119尽可能地减小。
考虑利用湿蚀刻或者干蚀刻进行基极层的蚀刻。在利用湿蚀刻的情况下,考虑使用酒石酸双氧水或者磷酸双氧水,但是,在进行该基极层加工的情况下,必须注意一定要将基极电极从被蚀刻区域避开这一点。因此,必须在远离基极电极一定程度的位置处形成蚀刻端,具体地说,根据在蚀刻时使用的抗蚀剂的尺寸控制性以及与基极电极的配合精度的课题,需要进行设置大于或等于0.5μm的间隔的设计。如上所述,将PN结端部119设置为基极电极113的正下方的蚀刻端在实际中是不可能的。
此外,在利用干蚀刻的情况下还存在下述方法,即,将基极电极作为掩模,通过自行对准对基极层进行干蚀刻加工,得到最小面积的基极集电极接合面积。但是,在基极电极材料中通常使用Au,在这种情况下,将Au作为掩模进行蚀刻。这样,发生干蚀刻装置的Au污染问题或者在干蚀刻时设备自身被Au污染等问题,因此,干蚀刻不是能够进行大量生产的工序,在大量生产现场中上述的湿蚀刻是主流。
另外,在图5所示的HBT的结构中,如端部1110所示,基极集电极接合部位在对基极层进行加工而得到的端部的表面露出。因此,存在表面状态不稳定,在基极集电极接合部位之间的漏电流不稳定等问题。
关于这一点,例如如日本特开昭60-164358号公报公开所示,存在下述技术,即,通过进行将基极电极作为掩模的离子注入,对形成在基极电极的外侧的基极集电极半导体层进行惰性化处理。
专利文献1:日本特开昭60-164358号公报
发明内容
但是,在上述现有技术中,在基极电极的外侧形成的基极集电极半导体层中,通过将氢离子(H+)、氧离子(O+)、硼离子(B+)注入,从而实现由高电阻化得到的惰性化。例如,残留在基极层的H+对基极层的杂质造成影响,成为HBT的电流增益β变动的主要原因。另外,O+以及B+作为杂质,在绝缘性上存在问题。如上所述,从通过将半导体层的侧面稳定化而确保半导体元件的可靠性的方面考虑,上述目前的惰性化技术还有待改善。
本发明就是为了解决上述课题而提出的,其目的在于提供一种能够减小接合电容并且使半导体层的侧面稳定化的半导体元件。
本发明所涉及的半导体元件的特征在于,具有:
第1半导体层,其具有第1侧面,并具有第1导电类型;
第2半导体层,其层叠在所述第1半导体层上,具有上表面和第2侧面,并具有与所述第1导电类型相反的第2导电类型;
第3半导体层,其层叠在所述上表面的一部分上,具有所述第1导电类型;
第1电极,其与所述第1半导体层电气连接;
第2电极,其以将所述第3半导体层包围的方式,设置在所述上表面的其它一部分上;以及
第3电极,其设置在所述第3半导体层上,
在俯视观察时,在所述上表面上的与所述第2电极的外侧端部相比的外侧设置有惰性部,该惰性部通过从由氦以及氩构成的群中选择出的1种元素对所述第1、2半导体层进行离子注入而设置,该惰性部从所述上表面延伸至与所述第1、2半导体层的接合部相比的下方。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够减小第1、2半导体层接合部的面积,从而减小接合电容,并且能够将第1、2半导体层的侧面稳定化。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件的图。
图2是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件的图。
图3是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件的图。
图4是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件的图。
图5是表示为了说明本发明的课题的具有典型的HBT构造的半导体元件的图。
标号的说明
10半导体元件,11发射极层,12发射极电极,13基极电极,14a上表面,14基极层,15集电极层,16集电极接触层,17集电极电极,18基极集电极层接合部,19惰性部,29惰性部,39惰性部,111发射极层,112发射极电极,113基极电极,114基极层,115集电极层,116集电极欧姆层,117集电极电极,118接合部,119接合端部,1110端部
具体实施方式
图1是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件10的剖面图。图2是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件10的俯视图。图1是沿图2的A-A’线将半导体元件10切断的情况。
半导体元件10是在高频功率放大器中使用的GaAs类的异质接合型双极晶体管(HBT)。半导体元件10具有由高浓度N型半导体层形成的集电极接触层16。在集电极接触层16上层叠有N型的集电极层15、基极层14、及N型的发射极层11,该基极层14是层叠在集电极层15上并具有上表面14a的高浓度P型半导体层,该发射极层11层叠在上表面14a的一部分上。在基极层14与集电极层15的接合面处形成有基极集电极层接合部18。
在集电极接触层16的上方,隔着集电极层15而设置2个集电极电极17。在发射极层11的上方设置发射极电极12。以包围发射极层11的方式,在上表面14a的其它一部分上设置有基极电极13。
惰性部19在俯视观察时,设置在上表面14a上的与基极电极13的外侧端部相比的外侧。惰性部19由惰性部19a和惰性部19b构成,该惰性部19a将基极层14惰性化,该惰性部19b将集电极层15惰性化。惰性部19通过从由氦以及氩构成的群中选择出的1种元素对集电极层15以及基极层14进行离子注入而形成。惰性部19从上表面14a延伸至与基极集电极层接合部18相比的下方。
特别地,在实施方式1中,根据图1的剖面图可知,在剖视观察时,从基极层14的侧面的上端至集电极层15的侧面的中途,设置有惰性部19。由此,惰性部19的端部的末端位于集电极层15的中央部附近。
并且,根据图2的俯视图可知,惰性部19在俯视观察时将基极电极13的周围连续地包围。
根据本实施方式,设置有惰性部,其是对于设置在基极电极的外侧的半导体层接合部即基极集电极层接合部,将从由氦以及氩构成的群中选择出的1种元素进行离子注入而形成的。由此,能够减小基极集电极层接合部的面积,从而减小接合电容(Cbc),并且,能够将基极集电极层接合部的侧面稳定化。
由于惰性部19成为绝缘状态,因此,在基极集电极层接合部18的外周端部不存在PN结。因此,能够减小基极集电极层接合部18的面积,从而能够将有效的PN结面积缩小。另外,在惰性化之前,半导体层表面的PN结部露出。因此,在基极集电极接合部位处施加电场的情况下,在半导体分界面部处容易由于工艺的波动而受到电场依赖性。关于这一点,根据实施方式,能够通过进行绝缘注入而使电场的影响稳定化。
在本实施方式中,通过由惰性化离子的氦离子(He+)或者氩离子(Ar+)进行的绝缘注入,设置惰性部19。通过使用这些惰性元素的离子注入,能够形成可靠性不会降低而稳定的惰性部19。
在本实施方式中,当进行形成惰性部19的离子注入时,不使惰性部19到达作为高浓度N型半导体层的集电极接触层16。关于这一点,只要从集电极层15开始以将基极层14绝缘的注入加速能量以及注入量形成即可。由此,能够抑制HBT的电气特性的降低。
对HBT的电气特性的降低的抑制进行说明,首先,作为HBT的通常动作,使发射极成为GND电位而向基极电极施加电流,产生集电极电压。在这种情况下,集电极电流以集电极电极17、集电极接触层16、由N型半导体构成的集电极层15→由P型半导体构成的基极层14→由N型半导体构成的发射极层11→发射极电极12这样的路径流动。
在这里,如果在绝缘注入实施至高浓度N型半导体的集电极接触层16的情况下,以低电阻为目的的高浓度化形成的集电极接触层16变为高电阻。于是,HBT的集电极发射极电极之间的电阻变高,特别是由于导通电阻上升,导致晶体管特性降低。在本实施方式中,惰性部19形成为未到达集电极接触层16,因此,能够抑制HBT的电气特性的降低。
作为高频率特性的指标的最大振荡频率fmax通过下述公式表示。
fmax∝(1/Cbc)1/2
能够通过将PN结面积S缩小,从而减少基极集电极层接合部18的接合电容(Cbc)。由于对其他HBT活性区域没有影响,因此,作为HBT单体的主要特性,预期可以保持高速化、低消耗电力化等的高频率特性的提高。另外,通过将不稳定的半导体界面状态稳定化,能够抑制因基极电极集电极之间的表面的不稳定引起的漏电流,从而期待低消耗电力化。
图3是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件的图。在图3所示的变形例中,惰性部29设置至集电极接触层16与集电极层15的边界处。即,集电极层15的侧面全部被惰性化。惰性部29由惰性部29a和惰性部29b构成,该惰性部29a将基极层14惰性化,该惰性部29b将集电极层15的侧面侧全部惰性化。此外,俯视的形状与图2相同。
图4是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的半导体元件的图。在图4所示的变形例中,惰性部39设置至集电极接触层16的内部。即,基极层14的侧面、集电极层15的侧面以及集电极接触层16的上表面的一部分被惰性化。惰性部39由惰性部39a、惰性部39b、集电极接触惰性部39c构成,该惰性部39a将基极层14惰性化,该惰性部39b将集电极层15惰性化,该集电极接触惰性部39c将集电极接触层16惰性化。此外,俯视的形状与图2相同。

Claims (6)

1.一种半导体元件,其特征在于,具有:
第1半导体层,其具有第1侧面,并具有第1导电类型;
第2半导体层,其层叠在所述第1半导体层上,具有上表面和第2侧面,并具有与所述第1导电类型相反的第2导电类型;
第3半导体层,其层叠在所述上表面的一部分上,具有所述第1导电类型;
第1电极,其与所述第1半导体层电气连接;
第2电极,其以将所述第3半导体层包围的方式,设置在所述上表面的其它一部分上;以及
第3电极,其设置在所述第3半导体层上,
在俯视观察时,在所述上表面的与所述第2电极的外侧端部相比的外侧,通过从由氦以及氩构成的群中选择出的1种元素对所述第1、2半导体层进行离子注入,从而设置从所述上表面延伸至与所述第1、2半导体层的接合部相比的下方的惰性部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体元件,其特征在于,
在剖视观察时从所述第2侧面的上端至所述第1侧面的中途,设置有所述惰性部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的半导体元件,其特征在于,
在俯视观察时,所述惰性部将所述第2电极的周围连续地包围。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的半导体元件,其特征在于,
该半导体元件是异质接合型双极晶体管,所述第1半导体层是集电极层,所述第2半导体层是基极层,所述第3半导体层是发射极层,所述第1电极是集电极电极,所述第2电极是基极电极,所述第3电极是发射极电极。
5.根据权利要求1所述的半导体元件,其特征在于,
还具有接触层,
所述第1半导体层层叠在所述接触层上,
所述惰性部设置至所述接触层与所述第1半导体的边界处。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半导体元件,其特征在于,
还具有接触层,
所述第1半导体层层叠在所述接触层上,
所述惰性部设置至所述接触层的内部。
CN201410515202.XA 2013-10-02 2014-09-29 半导体元件 Pending CN104518013A (zh)

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