CN104488480A - Cultivation method for flowers on water - Google Patents
Cultivation method for flowers on water Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488480A CN104488480A CN201410652279.1A CN201410652279A CN104488480A CN 104488480 A CN104488480 A CN 104488480A CN 201410652279 A CN201410652279 A CN 201410652279A CN 104488480 A CN104488480 A CN 104488480A
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- flower
- cystosepiment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for flowers on water. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a flower variety and selecting a flower seedling to transplant; 2) placing a foam board on the water surface of a lake, a pond or a river, perforating a plurality of holes in the foam plate, and transplanting the flower seedling onto the foam board or transplanting the flower seedling in a flowerpot and placing the flowerpot on the foam board; and 3) connecting and fixing the periphery of the foam board with one or more selected from the group of a waterproof wood frame, a plastic pipe and a coil pipe. The method provided by the invention greatly lowers the planting cost compared with a conventional soilless cultivation method, is capable of developing cultivation on water without influence on aquaculture under water and purifying water, cannot be affected by drought and waterlogging, is practical and convenient in use and has a potential application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to horticultural field, particularly, relate to a kind of method of floating cultivation flowers.
Background technology
Put to beautify the living environment by flowers, pole is welcome by the numerous common people.But put flowers in city, the cost of labor paid is comparatively large, and need often to safeguard.So the flowers of showy flowers of herbaceous plants class, such as chrysanthemum, Bougainvillea spectabilis etc., often only put during festival celebration, other times are artificial culture in flower nursery.
Biologic float bed is a kind of novel water technology improving water ecological setting, effectively can improve the ecotope of water body, and can create more economic benefit, be a new technique of present economic environmental protection simultaneously.
It is a kind of device can cultivating various water plants in floating bed as the term suggests biologic float bed.Biologic float bed being widely used is being improved in water ecological setting, present water pollution is more and more serious, biologic float bed is a kind of new technique effectively improving water ecological setting efficiently, simultaneously biologic float bedly also be widely used in the place such as park, community, for perfect scenery is built in city, appreciate for people.
Use biologic float bed plantation flowers, can make full use of water environment, reduce the labour of manual watering, flowers and the water surface are handed over and are reflected, and have splendid visual effect.
Summary of the invention
For the weak point that this area exists, the object of the invention is the cultivation method proposing a kind of flowers waterborne.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
A cultivation method for flowers waterborne, comprises step:
1) select flower variety: described flowers are purple lythrum flower, Iris tenuifolia flower, iron Scirpus tabernaemontani, India canna, Arundo donax, spend that mullet grass, lotus, wilson iris, oral shui solution, again power flower, calamus, string are red in vain, one or more in chrysanthemum, Bougainvillea spectabilis, the seedling of selection flowers is transplanted;
2) on the water surface in lake, pool or river course, place the composite of cystosepiment or cystosepiment and grid cloth, special equipment perforate, flowers, base fertilizer, plastic fittings, described cystosepiment has multiple hole, transplants flower seedlings on cystosepiment.After placing flowerpot, every block cystosepiment adopts waterproof plastic connecting plate, connecting rod, and waterproof net also can be adopted to connect;
Calculate buoyancy proportion according to flowerpot and base fertilizer, flowers weight sum of growing up, generally 10 lis every square metre Hou Pao Droplets plates can plant heavy 10 kilogram weights is to sink.
3) waterproof wooden frame or the material such as plastic tube, coil pipe is adopted to connect around flowers chinampa waterborne.
Flower fertilizer deficiency do not need applying pesticides in most of flower growth process, before each kind flower, adopts water-bed mud and farmyard manure mixed culture, if can spray flower leaf leaven.Wherein, described flowerpot is plastic material, and flowerpot diameter 10-15cm, has the hole of diameter 1.0-1.5cm bottom flowerpot; Place cultivation matrix in flowerpot, described cultivation matrix is the mixture of water-bed mud and farmyard manure 5-8:1.
As the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the long 1-1.2 rice of each cystosepiment, wide 0.6-1 rice, thick 0.05-0.1 rice.
Multiple cystosepiment adopts plastics connecting rod, connecting plate, waterproof plastic frame, band, steel wire rope, waterproof rope to be connected, and forms 5-30m
2floating island.
Wherein, described cystosepiment has the hole of 8-15cm.
Wherein, the composite of described cystosepiment and grid cloth is that grid cloth covers on cystosepiment and forms, and the thickness of cystosepiment is 4-6cm.The relevant position of perforate on cystosepiment cuts hole grid cloth.
Further, described flowers are flowering marsh plants, such as: Lythrum salicaria. Iris tenuifolia flower. iron Scirpus tabernaemontani. India canna. Arundo donax. spend mullet grass in vain. lotus. wilson iris. oral shui solution. power flower again. calamus, the transplanting method of flower seedlings is: the flower seedlings chosen, dig out from soil or pour out gently from flowerpot, gently carry a stem, shake and beating, make root soil come off and expose whole root system.Then soak 15-20 minute in clear water, softly washing root with have gentle hands, through 2-3 time change water cleaning, until root is completely without soil, wash the water of root limpid transparent be not clean containing silt time side.But pay close attention to, some flower root system is hard, wrong joint turned round by dish, and much earth is among gap, if desired can with bamboo let or waddy, and screwdriver digs out.Must accomplish that some earth does not remain, this is one of successful important step of water planting, can't be careless and inadvertent.
After spending clean earth, according to flower root system growing state, can suitably wipe out old root, old complaint and the yellow leaf of Lao Ye.Because hydroponic flowers root is the pith viewed and admired equally, so also will consider U.S. of its form when arranging root system, after pruning its root leaf, then clean one time in clear water, the root hair residue stayed when cutting to wash away, in order to avoid bring water planting utensil into and pollute.
When described flowers are Lythrum salicaria, Iris tenuifolia flower, iron Scirpus tabernaemontani, India canna, Arundo donax, spend mullet grass, lotus, wilson iris, oral shui solution, again power flower, one or more in calamus in vain, be transplanted in the hole of cystosepiment, every square metre of cystosepiment is planted 15-30 strain.
Wherein, described flowers are the showy flowers of herbaceous plants, such as, go here and there red, chrysanthemum, Bougainvillea spectabilis, and the water-bed water surface fertilizer that ferments such as mud and pig, duck, chicken, plant ash of flowerpot flower seedling is wrapped up in rear insertion plant fixing hole, is placed on cystosepiment, every square metre of cystosepiment placement 25-36 basin
Select chinampa and ramage.According to the kind of hydroponic flowers vegetable material, form, specification, pattern obtains concrete condition, selection can be set off mutually with this flower variety, the basin brought out the best in each other, the utensils such as cystosepiment, according to purchase or processing self-control, make it use proper, seem practical biological floating island as smart as a new pin.
Floristry waterborne is divided band soil and is not with soil two kinds of methods, as changed the technology of water planting into without soil cultivation, must carry out de-soil and wash root work.Soil cultivation is organic nutrition, and after changing water planting into, then thoroughly changes into inorganic nutrients cultivation, and the organic matter that the neutralization of its soil is attached to root system all wants strict cleaning up, in order to avoid affect the normal growth of hydroponic flowers and infecting of damage by disease and insect.
The pond of cultivation flowering marsh plants should have abundant, fertile pond sludge, and requires that soil property is glutinous heavy.The soil of potted plant flowering marsh plants also must be the clay being rich in humus.Due to flowering marsh plants once field planting, topdress more difficult, therefore, base manure need be used sufficient before planting.Planted the deposition of the general existing humus in pond of flowering marsh plants, determine whether apply fertilizer depending on its fertility, the pond of newly excavating must add pond sludge and apply a large amount of organic manure before planting.Various flowering marsh plants, take to plant accordingly and control measures because its requirement to temperature is different.The flowering marsh plants in the original torrid zone such as Wang Lian, carry out greenhouse culture in most of China area.Some other not cold-resistant person, arranges in generally potted plant rearmounted pond, cold time shift people storage, sky.Also can directly plant, turn up storage in autumn.Water body often because of reasons such as flowing is not smooth, water temperature over-highs, causes algal bloom, causes water turbidity.The method of control is: among a small circle, available copper sulphate is except it, and be suspended from water by copper sulphate dress cloth bag, consumption is 1kg/m
3; Then need on a large scale to utilize biological control, as put the pasture and water such as hornwort, bladderwort or the mollusk such as spiral shell, freshwater mussel in a suitable place to breed.
The inventive method has the following advantages:
Flower planting waterborne adopts technology, adopt meet that buoyancy is large, light weight and not the cystosepiment of polluted water be buoyancy aid, by the distance between rows and hills requirement Bian of flowers hole making drill perforate customized specially on buoyancy aid, Water cultivating floriculture, and the biological floating island anyhow intersecting and be communicated with fixing flowerpot hole is had in its agio face perforate.The water-bed water surface fertilizer that ferments such as mud and pig, duck, chicken, plant ash of flowerpot flower seedling is wrapped up in rear insertion plant fixing hole, by float on the water and carry out the management of necessity.The method planting cost more in the past tank farming reduces greatly, both develops Water cultivating, does not affect underwater culture, can purify water again, and is not afraid of drought, flood, practical and convenient, has potential promotion prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the foam panel structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1 floriculture.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of grid cloth and cystosepiment composite.
Fig. 3 is cystosepiment schematic diagram.
In figure, 1 is cystosepiment, and 2 is the showy flowers of herbaceous plants, and 3 is flowering marsh plants, and 4 is flowerpot, and 5 is the perforate on cystosepiment.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Unless stated otherwise, the technology used in the present invention means are the technological means of this area routine.
The place of plantation is positioned at Ba Quhe village, Ebony Hill town of the Changsha Wangcheng district Zu Ci pool, rape garden reservoir.
Embodiment 1 calamus floating bed
1) flower variety is selected: select flowering marsh plants calamus, the seedling of flowers is selected to transplant: the flower seedlings chosen, dig out from soil or pour out gently from flowerpot, first gently carry a stem with the right hand, left hand gently holds in the palm root system, the right hand that swaps out is shaken gently, slowly pats, and root soil is come off and exposes whole root system.Then soak 15-20 minute in clear water, softly washing root with have gentle hands, through 2-3 time change water cleaning, until root is completely without soil, wash the water of root limpid transparent be not clean containing silt time side.But pay close attention to, some flower root system is hard, wrong joint turned round by dish, and much earth is among gap, if desired can with bamboo let or waddy, and screwdriver digs out.Must accomplish that some earth does not remain, this is one of successful important step of water planting, can't be careless and inadvertent.
After seedling cleans earth, according to flower root system growing state, suitably wipe out old root, old complaint and the yellow leaf of Lao Ye.After pruning its root leaf, then clean one time in clear water, the root hair residue stayed when cutting to wash away, in order to avoid bring water planting utensil into and pollute.
Flower seedlings is transplanted in the perforate 5 on cystosepiment, every square metre of cystosepiment is planted 20 strain calamus.
2) see Fig. 3.The water surface in lake, pool or river course places cystosepiment, special equipment perforate, flowers, base fertilizer, plastic fittings, cystosepiment has the hole of multiple diameter 15cm.Cystosepiment corner arranges connecting rod and connecting plate, multiple cystosepiment toe joint fissure of displacement connection (there is tooth at cystosepiment edge, connects with mesh form) thickness 10-12cm.
3) flower fertilizer deficiency adopts waterproof wooden frame connect and fix around flowers chinampa waterborne, in flower growth process, do not need applying pesticides, if can spray flower leaf leaven.
Embodiment 2 India canna floating bed
Selection India canna is the flowers in floating bed.Floating bed is cystosepiment, thickness 10-12cm.Plant the bore dia of aquatic India canna at 20 centimetres, and line-spacing is 30 centimetres.
Detect the pollutant index of planting before flowers in water as follows:
One, test water
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2 test water take from bent river, Ebony Hill town eight, Changsha Wangcheng district, and the water quality of duration of test is in table 1.According to " water environment quality standard " (GB 3838-2002), its water quality is better than IV class.
Table 1
| Project | Scope |
| TN/(mg·L -1) | 0.91～1.17 |
| TP/(mg·L -1) | 0.12～0.18 |
| CODMN/(mg·L -1) | 5.48～9.36 |
| DO/(mg·L -1) | 3.6～6.1 |
| PH | 6.8～7.4 |
Two, the clean-up effect of floating bed
Effluent quality after embodiment 1, embodiment 2 two kinds of floating bed purifications is in table 2
Table 2
| Project | India canna floating bed | Calamus floating bed |
| TN/(mg·L -1) | 0.5l～0.69 | 0.58～0.76 |
| TP/(mg·L -1) | 0.062～0.09 | 0.065～0.099 |
| CODMN/(mg·L -1) | 3.06～5.5 | 3.41～5.86 |
| DO/(mg·L -1) | 5.6～8.7 | 5.2～8.3 |
| PH | 6.9～7.3 | 6.9～7.3 |
Three, the comparison of floating bed process two kinds of different water bodys
The present invention has carried out the experimental study of biological floating bed purification river seriously polluted river water near a river in early stage, and achieve and remove pollutant effect preferably, it is more as shown in table 3 with this result of study.
As shown in Table 3, the biological floating bed clearance to pollutant in slightly-polluted raw water is a little more than the clearance to heavy polluted water, but difference with insignificance.And the growing state of plant in heavy polluted water will significantly better than in micropollutant water, and the cumulant of nitrogen, phosphorus also apparently higher than process slightly-polluted raw water time, this is because micropollutant water Middle nutrition material want, can not meet needed for plant growth, its growth is suppressed.Therefore, although the nutrient inventory of slightly-polluted raw water is lower, adopts and biological floating bedly still can obtain good clean-up effect.
The biological floating bed comparison to two kinds of different water body purification effects of table 3
Four, conclusion
1. India canna and calamus floating bed are respectively 42.5% and 36.2% to the average removal rate of TN in slightly-polluted raw water, 48.1% and 44.2% are respectively to the average removal rate of TP, 42.3% and 36.3% are respectively to the average removal rate of COD, and clearance is logarithmic function change with the increase of running time.Effluent quality after two kinds of floating bed purifications can reach the requirement of centralized drinking water source area water standard (GB3838-2002).
2. the clean-up effect of India canna floating bed to source water quality is better than calamus floating bed, and the upgrowth situation of India canna is also better than calamus, thus India canna comparatively calamus be more suitable for as floating bed cultivation plant.
The effect such as 3. biological floating bed cake filtration and plant absorption makes it have obvious removal effect to nitrogen, phosphorus etc., and the oxygen effect of secreting of root system of plant then further improves water quality.
Embodiment 3
1) select flower variety: flowering marsh plants are India canna, the showy flowers of herbaceous plants is that chrysanthemum and string are red; The trasplanting method of flowering marsh plants is with embodiment 1, and the showy flowers of herbaceous plants is that chrysanthemum and string are red, and the transplanting of the showy flowers of herbaceous plants is:
Flowerpot is plastic material, and flowerpot diameter 10-15cm, has the hole of diameter 1.0-1.5cm bottom flowerpot; Place cultivation matrix in flowerpot, described cultivation matrix is the mixture of water-bed mud and farmyard manure 6:1.Farmyard manure is pig manure, duck excrement, chicken manure, plant ash mixed culture fermentation gained.
The composite of described cystosepiment and grid cloth is that grid cloth covers on cystosepiment and forms, and the thickness of cystosepiment is 4-6cm.The relevant position of perforate on cystosepiment cuts hole (Fig. 2) grid cloth.Grid cloth both sides waterproof rope couples together.
Long 1.2 meters of each cystosepiment, wide 0.6 meter, thick 0.05 meter, each cystosepiment is put the 36 basin showy flowers of herbaceous plants.Multiple cystosepiment adopts plastics connecting rod, connecting plate, waterproof plastic frame, band, steel wire rope, waterproof rope to be connected.Being transplanted by flower seedlings has the flowerpot of flowers to be placed on cystosepiment to cultivating.Cystosepiment has the hole of diameter 10cm.Line-spacing 15 centimetres.
See Fig. 1, the showy flowers of herbaceous plants 2 kinds is in flowerpot 4, and flowerpot 4 is up big and down small, adaptive with the perforate 5 on cystosepiment, is inserted in the perforate 5 on cystosepiment, flowerpot bottom opening, directly absorbs moisture and nutrition.Plant the bore dia of the showy flowers of herbaceous plants at 10 centimetres.
After placing flowerpot, every block cystosepiment adopts waterproof plastic connecting plate and connecting rod to be connected and fixed.
Put that rear floating bed entirety has levels, rich color, landscape effect is fabulous, does not need, to flowers fertilising, can keep half a year more than.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a cultivation method for flowers waterborne, is characterized in that, comprises step:
1) select flower variety: described flowers are purple lythrum flower, Iris tenuifolia flower, iron Scirpus tabernaemontani, India canna, Arundo donax, spend that mullet grass, lotus, wilson iris, oral shui solution, again power flower, calamus, string are red in vain, one or more in chrysanthemum, Bougainvillea spectabilis, the seedling of selection flowers is transplanted;
2) on the water surface in lake, pool or river course, place the composite of cystosepiment or cystosepiment and grid cloth, described cystosepiment has multiple hole, flower seedlings is transplanted on cystosepiment, or flower seedlings is transplanted in flowerpot, is placed on cystosepiment;
3) one or more adopting in waterproof wooden frame, plastic tube, coil pipe, waterproof rope around cystosepiment are connected and fixed.
2. the cultivation method according to claim l, is characterized in that, described flowerpot is plastic material, and flowerpot diameter 10-15cm, has the hole of diameter 1.0-1.5cm bottom flowerpot; Place cultivation matrix in flowerpot, described cultivation matrix is the mixture of water-bed mud and farmyard manure 5-8:1.
3. cultivation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the long 1-1.2 rice of each cystosepiment, wide 0.6-1 rice, thick 0.05-0.1 rice.
4., according to the arbitrary described cultivation method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described cystosepiment has the hole of 8-15cm.
5. cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described flowers are Lythrum salicaria, Iris tenuifolia flower, iron Scirpus tabernaemontani, India canna, Arundo donax, spend mullet grass, lotus, wilson iris, oral shui solution, again power flower, one or more in calamus in vain, the transplanting method of flower seedlings is: the flower seedlings chosen, dig out from soil or pour out from flowerpot, gently carry a stem, by shaking and patting, root soil is come off and exposes whole root system; Then soak 15-20 minute in clear water, softly washing root with have gentle hands, through 2-3 time change water cleaning, until root is completely without soil, wash the water of root limpid transparent be not clean containing silt time side.
6. cultivation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, after flower seedlings cleans earth, suitably wipes out old root, old complaint and the yellow leaf of Lao Ye.
7. cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described flowers are Lythrum salicaria, Iris tenuifolia flower, iron Scirpus tabernaemontani, India canna, Arundo donax, spend mullet grass, lotus, wilson iris, oral shui solution, again power flower, one or more in calamus in vain, flower seedlings is transplanted in the hole of cystosepiment, and every square metre of cystosepiment is planted 15-30 strain.
8. cultivation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described flowers are string red, chrysanthemum, Bougainvillea spectabilis, and flower seedlings is transplanted in flowerpot, is placed on cystosepiment, and 25-36 basin placed by every square metre of cystosepiment.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN105123238A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-09 | 李传义 | Nelumbo nucifera planting method |
| CN105325270A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-17 | 广西深根园林工程有限公司 | Flower cultivation method |
| CN105900807A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县益民养殖专业合作社 | Indoor gorgon euryale planting method |
| CN108935053A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-07 | 王小莉 | A kind of agricultural product water surface planting utensil |
| CN109526721A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 星景生态环保科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of submerged forest plantation module |
| CN115005043A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-06 | 焦作市人民公园 | High-yield cut chrysanthemum greenhouse planting method |
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| CN105325270A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-17 | 广西深根园林工程有限公司 | Flower cultivation method |
| CN105900807A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 固镇县益民养殖专业合作社 | Indoor gorgon euryale planting method |
| CN108935053A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-07 | 王小莉 | A kind of agricultural product water surface planting utensil |
| CN109526721A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 星景生态环保科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of submerged forest plantation module |
| CN115005043A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-06 | 焦作市人民公园 | High-yield cut chrysanthemum greenhouse planting method |
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