CN104488476A - Cultivation method for improving polysaccharide content of Chinese yam in greenhouse - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving polysaccharide content of Chinese yam in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488476A CN104488476A CN201410457479.1A CN201410457479A CN104488476A CN 104488476 A CN104488476 A CN 104488476A CN 201410457479 A CN201410457479 A CN 201410457479A CN 104488476 A CN104488476 A CN 104488476A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving polysaccharide content of Chinese yam in a greenhouse. The method comprises a plurality of measures as follows: selection of soil, selection of a film color, selection of a base fertilizer, management in the growing period, control of growth regulators, nutrients and water management, control of diurnal temperature difference and carbon dioxide in the greenhouse and the like. Finally, the polysaccharide content of greenhouse Chinese yam treated by the cultivation method provided by the invention has the highest increase of 19%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, be specifically related to a kind of cultivation method improving polyoses content in booth Chinese yam.
Background technology
Chinese yam is as traditional traditional tonic medicine, have body and act on widely, it is the dietotherapy delicacies of chronic, also be all-ages functional food, its active component Chinese yam polysaccharide is the main component that it plays a role, Chinese yam polysaccharide is the main active of booth Chinese yam, primarily of mannose, wood sugar, arabinose, glucose and galactose composition, has become the focus of booth Chinese yam research in recent years.Much research confirms, Chinese yam polysaccharide have strengthen immunity, delay senility, antitumor, reduce the multiple pharmacological effect such as blood sugar.
Chinese yam polysaccharide can improve islet cell function, promote the release of insulin and blood sugar is reduced, research finds that Chinese yam polysaccharide has protection islet cells from the effect destroying or repair damaged islet cells, Chinese yam polysaccharide can also make blood sugar reduce by reducing the absorption of sugar, after Huang Shaohuas etc. have studied application Chinese yam polysaccharide, the enzyme activity of α-amylase changes, find that Chinese yam polysaccharide can suppress the enzyme activity of α-amylase, its inhibitory action increases with the increase of polysaccharide concentration, illustrate that Chinese yam polysaccharide is a kind of alpha-amylase inhibitor to sugar, blood sugar is reduced by reducing the absorption of sugar.In addition, also find hematoblastic detection, Chinese yam polysaccharide can reduce hematoblastic quantity, thus improves microvascular circulation, illustrates that Chinese yam polysaccharide plays an important role in the control of diabetes and the development of prognosis.Visible, Chinese yam polysaccharide has a very important role to the mankind, and the extraction at present for Chinese yam polysaccharide has had preliminary research, but the comparision contents of Chinese yam polysaccharide is low, thus cost is relatively high.
Summary of the invention
For the present situation existed at present, the technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of cultivation method that can improve booth Chinese yam polysaccharide, the pressure of storage can be alleviated by greenhouse cultivation Chinese yam, to yam planting, there is certain facilitation, and in booth, the day and night temperature of booth can be controlled easily, and control by carbonic acid gas the accumulation improving polysaccharide, and improve the content of polysaccharide by suitable culture technique.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
Improve a cultivation method for booth Chinese yam polysaccharide content, adopt following methods to cultivate:
(1) set up frame, cover red or purple film;
(2) 35 ~ 45 centimetres are ploughed deeply to the soil in booth, form cultivation ditch, described soil is that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, air capacity of soils good, irrigation and drainage sand easily, then base manure is applied in cultivation ditch, described base manure is every mu and executes pig manure or chicken manure or cow dung 1000 ~ 2000 kilograms, bagasse 500 ~ 800 kilograms, ash 200 ~ 300 kilograms, 20 ~ 30 kilograms, urea, and fertilizer fully mixes with soil;
Booth Chinese yam growing period composite fertilizer imposes 2 times, booth Chinese yam emerge neat after every mu execute 1 human excrement urine of 500 ~ 1000 kilograms, underground stem tuber enters vigorous growth when containing the phase, and every mu imposes 20 ~ 30 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 100 ~ 300 kilograms of cake fertilizer;
Adopt high furrow duplicate rows to plant, furrow are wide 0.9 ~ 1.2 meter, and furrow are high 25 ~ 30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, wide row space 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters, little line-spacing 35 ~ 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 ~ 45 centimetres;
(3) when booth Chinese yam plant grows to 20 ~ 40cm, built is carried out to booth Chinese yam; Frame is high at about 2 meters, and front is in " people " font, and side diagonal cross, reinforces every 7 ~ 8 meters of thick bamboo poles of use or wooden stick;
(4) grow to more than 10cm to the stage before blooming Chinese yam, day and night temperature in regulation and control Chinese yam booth, makes night temperatures lower than daytime 15 ~ 30 DEG C; Bloom to Chinese yam result mid-term Chinese yam, adopt CO
2stimulate, CO in regulation and control booth
2concentration reaches 0.08-0.13%;
(5) water in good time, in early growth period and mid-term, when soil moisture is below 50%, in time moisturizing is carried out to booth Chinese yam, at later stages, the water yield be controlled, control soil moisture content 50 ~ 70%;
(6) when the long 70 ~ 100cm of plant, spray the chlormequat of 200 ~ 280 mg/kg, spray again once with the chlormequat solution of 230 ~ 320 mg/kg mid-term in growth; The control of damage by disease and insect is carried out in whole campaign;
(7) timely collecting: gather again after plant leaves starts flavescence, be conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharide.
Described base manure is every mu and executes cow dung 2000 kilograms, bagasse 500 kilograms, ash 300 kilograms, 20 kilograms, urea.
The consumption of described chlormequat is, when the long 70cm of plant, sprays the chlormequat of 200 mg/kg, sprays once mid-term in growth with the chlormequat solution of 320 mg/kg again.
Be: a kind of cultivation method improving polyoses content in booth Chinese yam adopt following methods to cultivate in a preferred embodiment of the present invention:
Improve a cultivation method for booth Chinese yam polysaccharide content, adopt following methods to cultivate:
(1) set up frame, cover red or purple film;
(2) 45 centimetres are ploughed deeply to the soil in booth, form cultivation ditch, described soil is that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, air capacity of soils good, irrigation and drainage sand easily, then base manure is applied in cultivation ditch, described base manure base manure is every mu and executes cow dung 2000 kilograms, bagasse 500 kilograms, ash 300 kilograms, 20 kilograms, urea, and fertilizer fully mixes with soil;
Booth Chinese yam growing period composite fertilizer imposes 2 times, booth Chinese yam emerge neat after every mu execute 1 human excrement urine of 1000 kilograms, underground stem tuber enters vigorous growth when containing the phase, and every mu imposes 20 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 300 kilograms of cake fertilizer;
Adopt high furrow duplicate rows to plant, furrow are wide 1.2 meters, and furrow are high 30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, wide row space 1.8 meters, little line-spacing 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 45 centimetres;
(3) when booth Chinese yam plant grows to 30cm, built is carried out to booth Chinese yam; Frame is high at about 2 meters, and front is in " people " font, and side diagonal cross, reinforces every 7 meters of thick bamboo poles of use or wooden stick;
(4) grow to more than 10cm to the stage before blooming Chinese yam, day and night temperature in regulation and control Chinese yam booth, makes night temperatures lower than daytime 20 ~ 30 DEG C; Bloom to Chinese yam result mid-term Chinese yam, adopt CO
2stimulate, CO in regulation and control booth
2concentration reaches 0.11%;
(5) water in good time, in early growth period and mid-term, when soil moisture is below 50%, in time moisturizing is carried out to booth Chinese yam, at later stages, the water yield be controlled, control soil moisture content 55 ~ 60%;
(6) when the long 70cm of plant, spray the chlormequat of 200 mg/kg, spray again once with the chlormequat solution of 320 mg/kg mid-term in growth, carry out the control of damage by disease and insect in whole campaign;
(7) timely collecting: gather again after plant leaves starts flavescence, be conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharide.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
In vegetative period, controlled the growth of booth Chinese yam by multiple measure, thus improve the content of booth Chinese yam polysaccharide.
Booth selects plastic film covering that is red or purple, can increase the absorption of ruddiness or purple light, thus be conducive to the growth of booth Chinese yam.
The concentration controlling day and night temperature and carbonic acid gas improves the accumulation of polysaccharide, with more easily realizing in booth.
Cultivation method of the present invention can improve the polyoses content in booth Chinese yam effectively, and it is low to consume energy, and cost increases few, and method is simple, is easy to control.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) in booth yam planting base, set up frame, cover red or purple film;
(2) 35 ~ 45 centimetres are ploughed deeply to the soil in booth, form cultivation ditch, described soil is that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, air capacity of soils good, irrigation and drainage sand easily, then base manure is applied in cultivation ditch, described base manure is every mu and executes pig manure or chicken manure or cow dung 1000 kilograms, bagasse 800 kilograms, ash 300 kilograms, 20 kilograms, urea, and fertilizer fully mixes with soil;
Booth Chinese yam growing period composite fertilizer imposes 2 times, booth Chinese yam emerge neat after every mu execute 1 human excrement urine of 1000 kilograms, underground stem tuber enters vigorous growth when containing the phase, and every mu imposes 20 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, double centner cake fertilizer;
Adopt high furrow duplicate rows to plant, furrow are wide 0.9 meter, and furrow are high 25 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, wide row space 1.5 meters, little line-spacing 35 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 centimetres;
(3) when booth Chinese yam plant grows to 20cm, built is carried out to booth Chinese yam; Frame is high at about 2 meters, and front is in " people " font, and side diagonal cross, reinforces every 7 meters of thick bamboo poles of use or wooden stick;
(4) grow to more than 10cm to the stage before blooming Chinese yam, day and night temperature in regulation and control Chinese yam booth, makes night temperatures lower than daytime 15 ~ 30 DEG C; Bloom to Chinese yam result mid-term Chinese yam, adopt CO
2stimulate, CO in regulation and control booth
2concentration reaches 0.08%;
(5) water in good time, in early growth period and mid-term, when soil moisture is below 50%, in time moisturizing is carried out to booth Chinese yam, at later stages, the water yield be controlled, control soil moisture content about 50;
(6) when long about the 70cm of plant, spray the chlormequat of 200 mg/kg, spray again once with the chlormequat solution of 320 mg/kg mid-term in growth; The control of damage by disease and insect is carried out in whole campaign;
(7) timely collecting: gather again after plant leaves starts flavescence, be conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharide.
After measured, active polysaccharide on average increases by 15% to booth Chinese yam polysaccharide of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
In yam planting base, set up frame, cover red or purple film;
45 centimetres are ploughed deeply to the soil in booth, form cultivation ditch, described soil is that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, air capacity of soils good, irrigation and drainage sand easily, then base manure is applied in cultivation ditch, described base manure base manure is every mu and executes cow dung 2000 kilograms, bagasse 500 kilograms, ash 300 kilograms, 20 kilograms, urea, and fertilizer fully mixes with soil;
Booth Chinese yam growing period composite fertilizer imposes 2 times, booth Chinese yam emerge neat after every mu execute 1 human excrement urine of 1000 kilograms, underground stem tuber enters vigorous growth when containing the phase, and every mu imposes 20 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 300 kilograms of cake fertilizer;
Adopt high furrow duplicate rows to plant, furrow are wide 1.2 meters, and furrow are high 30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, wide row space 1.8 meters, little line-spacing 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 45 centimetres;
When booth Chinese yam plant grows to 30cm, built is carried out to booth Chinese yam; Frame is high at about 2 meters, and front is in " people " font, and side diagonal cross, reinforces every 7 meters of thick bamboo poles of use or wooden stick;
Grow to more than 10cm to the stage before blooming Chinese yam, day and night temperature in regulation and control Chinese yam booth, makes night temperatures lower than daytime 20 ~ 30 DEG C; Bloom to Chinese yam result mid-term Chinese yam, adopt CO
2stimulate, CO in regulation and control booth
2concentration reaches 0.11%;
Water in good time, in early growth period and mid-term, when soil moisture is below 50%, in time moisturizing is carried out to booth Chinese yam, at later stages, the water yield be controlled, control soil moisture content 55 ~ 60%;
When the long 70cm of plant, spray the chlormequat of 200 mg/kg, spray again once with the chlormequat solution of 320 mg/kg mid-term in growth, carry out the control of damage by disease and insect in whole campaign;
Timely collecting: gather again after plant leaves starts flavescence, be conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharide.
After measured, active polysaccharide on average increases by 19% to booth Chinese yam polysaccharide of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
(1) in yam planting base, set up frame, cover red or purple film;
(2) 40 cm are ploughed deeply to the soil in booth, form cultivation ditch, described soil is that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, air capacity of soils good, irrigation and drainage sand easily, then base manure is applied in cultivation ditch, described base manure is every mu and executes chicken manure 1500 kilograms, bagasse 600 kilograms, ash 250 kilograms, 25 kilograms, urea, and fertilizer fully mixes with soil;
Booth Chinese yam growing period composite fertilizer imposes 2 times, booth Chinese yam emerge neat after every mu execute 1 human excrement urine of 750 kilograms, underground stem tuber enters vigorous growth when containing the phase, and every mu imposes 25 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 200 kilograms of cake fertilizer;
Adopt high furrow duplicate rows to plant, furrow are wide 1 meter, and furrow are high 26 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, wide row space 1.6 meters, little line-spacing 40 centimetres, spacing in the rows 42 centimetres;
(3) when booth Chinese yam plant grows to 30cm, built is carried out to booth Chinese yam; Frame is high at about 2 meters, and front is in " people " font, and side diagonal cross, reinforces every 8 meters of thick bamboo poles of use or wooden stick;
(4) grow to more than 10cm to the stage before blooming Chinese yam, day and night temperature in regulation and control Chinese yam booth, makes night temperatures lower than daytime 15 ~ 30 DEG C; Bloom to Chinese yam result mid-term Chinese yam, adopt CO
2stimulate, CO in regulation and control booth
2concentration reaches 0.13%;
(5) water in good time, in early growth period and mid-term, when soil moisture is below 50%, in time moisturizing is carried out to booth Chinese yam, at later stages, the water yield be controlled, control soil moisture content about 65%;
(6) when long about the 70cm of plant, spray the chlormequat of 220 mg/kg, spray again once with the chlormequat solution of 250 mg/kg mid-term in growth; The control of damage by disease and insect is carried out in whole campaign;
(7) timely collecting: gather again after plant leaves starts flavescence, be conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharide.
After measured, active polysaccharide on average increases by 17% to booth Chinese yam polysaccharide of the present invention.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. improve a cultivation method for booth Chinese yam polysaccharide content, it is characterized in that, adopt following methods to cultivate:
(1) set up frame, cover red or purple film;
(2) 35 ~ 45 centimetres are ploughed deeply to the soil in booth, form cultivation ditch, described soil is that soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, air capacity of soils good, irrigation and drainage sand easily, then base manure is applied in cultivation ditch, described base manure is every mu and executes pig manure or chicken manure or cow dung 1000 ~ 2000 kilograms, bagasse 500 ~ 800 kilograms, ash 200 ~ 300 kilograms, 20 ~ 30 kilograms, urea, and fertilizer fully mixes with soil;
Booth Chinese yam growing period composite fertilizer imposes 2 times, booth Chinese yam emerge neat after every mu execute 1 human excrement urine of 500 ~ 1000 kilograms, underground stem tuber enters vigorous growth when containing the phase, and every mu imposes 20 ~ 30 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 100 ~ 300 kilograms of cake fertilizer;
Adopt high furrow duplicate rows to plant, furrow are wide 0.9 ~ 1.2 meter, and furrow are high 25 ~ 30 centimetres, furrow width 30 centimetres, wide row space 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters, little line-spacing 35 ~ 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 40 ~ 45 centimetres;
(3) when booth Chinese yam plant grows to 20 ~ 40cm, built is carried out to booth Chinese yam; Frame is high at about 2 meters, and front is in " people " font, and side diagonal cross, reinforces every 7 ~ 8 meters of thick bamboo poles of use or wooden stick;
(4) grow to more than 10cm to the stage before blooming Chinese yam, day and night temperature in regulation and control Chinese yam booth, makes night temperatures lower than daytime 15 ~ 30 DEG C; Bloom to Chinese yam result mid-term Chinese yam, adopt CO
2stimulate, CO in regulation and control booth
2concentration reaches 0.08-0.13%;
(5) water in good time, in early growth period and mid-term, when soil moisture is below 50%, in time moisturizing is carried out to booth Chinese yam, at later stages, the water yield be controlled, control soil moisture content 50 ~ 70%;
(6) when the long 70 ~ 100cm of plant, spray the chlormequat of 200 ~ 280 mg/kg, spray again once with the chlormequat solution of 230 ~ 320 mg/kg mid-term in growth; The control of damage by disease and insect is carried out in whole campaign;
(7) timely collecting: gather again after plant leaves starts flavescence, be conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharide.
2. a kind of cultivation method improving booth Chinese yam polysaccharide content according to claim 1, described base manure is every mu and executes cow dung 2000 kilograms, bagasse 500 kilograms, ash 300 kilograms, 20 kilograms, urea.
3. a kind of cultivation method improving booth Chinese yam polysaccharide content according to claim 1, the consumption of described chlormequat is, when the long 70cm of plant, spray the chlormequat of 200 mg/kg, spray again once with the chlormequat solution of 320 mg/kg mid-term in growth.
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| CN107258297A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of yam planting method for improving yield |
| CN108738906A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-06 | 武穴市天诚植保机防专业合作社 | A kind of fingered citron Chinese yam greenhouse sleeve cultural method |
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| CN107258297A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of yam planting method for improving yield |
| CN108738906A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-06 | 武穴市天诚植保机防专业合作社 | A kind of fingered citron Chinese yam greenhouse sleeve cultural method |
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| CN104488476B (en) | 2016-12-07 |
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