CN104487212B - 用于切割塑料材料、具体是层叠窗玻璃元件的装置及方法 - Google Patents

用于切割塑料材料、具体是层叠窗玻璃元件的装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN104487212B
CN104487212B CN201380036915.1A CN201380036915A CN104487212B CN 104487212 B CN104487212 B CN 104487212B CN 201380036915 A CN201380036915 A CN 201380036915A CN 104487212 B CN104487212 B CN 104487212B
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substrate
overhang
cutting
distance
pulling
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CN104487212A (zh
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E.巴克
F.勒瓦索伊
C.米拉蒙
J-C.尼格
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/02—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a stationary cutting member
    • B26D1/025—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a stationary cutting member for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/14—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by tensioning the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B26D1/065—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B26D1/08—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates of the guillotine type
    • B26D1/085—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates of the guillotine type for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D5/08—Means for actuating the cutting member to effect the cut
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/1099—After-treatment of the layered product, e.g. cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/02—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a stationary cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
    • B26D1/06—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
    • B26D1/10—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates in, or substantially in, a direction parallel to the cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/14—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter
    • B26D1/24—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter coacting with another disc cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0066—Cutting members therefor having shearing means, e.g. shearing blades, abutting blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D5/007—Control means comprising cameras, vision or image processing systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B26F2001/4427—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor combining cutting and forming operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
    • B32B2329/06—PVB, i.e. polyinylbutyral
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0405—With preparatory or simultaneous ancillary treatment of work
    • Y10T83/0419—By distorting within elastic limit
    • Y10T83/0424—By stretching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/323—With means to stretch work temporarily

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  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Cutting Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于切割层叠在两个基底之间且悬垂在所述基底的边缘上的塑料类型的柔性材料的装置，包括切割器件(4)，且其特征在于，其还包括布置在切割器件上游的拉动器件(3)。

Description

用于切割塑料材料、具体是层叠窗玻璃元件的装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于切割层叠在两个基底之间的塑料类型的柔性材料的装置和工艺，切割在组装基底之后在叠层的边缘处的材料的悬垂部分上执行。
本发明将更具体地相对于由层叠玻璃制成的窗玻璃描述，但并未限于此。
背景技术
层叠窗玻璃包括至少两个基底，由塑料制成(例如，由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成)的至少一个夹层板或膜置于两个基底之间。在组装叠层之后，PVB在窗玻璃的外周上悬垂大体上5到40mm之间的宽度。所需的是在已知脱气和高压釜步骤之前修剪塑料的悬垂部分，高压釜步骤需要将窗玻璃引入被加热的室中。
目前，修剪步骤使用沿窗玻璃边缘滑动的美工刀类型的切割器件来人工地执行，或通过紧固到沿窗玻璃的边缘平移运动的(或玻璃沿其传送的)运动(或固定)头上的刀片或锯类型的切割器件以自动方式执行。
然而，切割仍很棘手，且有时会发生的是，在利用切割工具刮玻璃的边缘时，这导致碎片(几十毫米的薄片)，碎片在转换期间意外地构成了玻璃的断裂引发物，或这导致制造之后的质量问题。窗玻璃然后破碎。
此外，切割工具的刀片与玻璃的这种接触导致刀片的过早磨损，或甚至其断裂。
此外，自动系统从专利申请EP 2 087 971获知，其切割器件提供了垂直于基底的边缘的来回振荡。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提出一种切割夹在两个刚性基底之间且突出到所述基底的边缘外的柔性材料的装置及工艺，这提供了现有技术的备选方案，而不会呈现出前述缺陷。
根据本发明，用于切割夹在两个基底之间且悬垂在基底的边缘上的塑料类型的柔性和弹性材料的装置，包括切割器件，特征在于其还包括布置在切割器件上游的拉动器件。
用语"上游"描述了装置的置于其它构件之前的构件，其它构件另一方面描述为"下游"，上游构件在其下游的其它构件之前用于切割过程中。
拉动器件的目的在于在切割之前拉动柔性悬垂部分，以便保持其平整和拉紧，以便在离基底的边缘的适当距离处确保整齐和紧密的切割。
因此，该装置有利地使用待切割的材料的弹性性质。通过拉动材料，该材料处于拉紧状态，其可在离玻璃一定距离处切割，且容易和高效地切割。然后，通过释放张力，所述材料收缩。通过优化材料在拉紧状态中离基底的边缘的切割距离，材料一旦收缩就变为与玻璃基底的边缘共面或大致共面，即是说，其不再悬垂。
对于切割之前的时间和对于切割时间，伸展是局部和暂时的，因为在切割时，在切割器件之前的拉动器件已经处于伸展待切割的区域附近和下游的区域的过程中。因此，由于拉动器件不再作用于与层叠膜相关联的被切割材料的其余部分上，故弹性的该材料自然地收缩，而不需要特定的器件。
将注意的是，夹层材料自身例如可由若干塑料板层叠和构成。在悬垂部分中的这些板仍充分地连结，以便夹层的外板的外面由拉动器件抓持，实现了所有板的伸展。
根据一个特征，拉动器件包括至少两个旋转部件，旋转部件围绕相应的旋转轴线旋转，且适于沿所述部分的两个相对面夹持材料的悬垂部分，且在其旋转运动期间在这些面上枢转。
作为优选，各个部件布置成以便其旋转轴线首先与垂直于基底的边缘且在所述部件下游的平面形成倾角α，所述角大于0°且小于或等于75°，优选最多30°，具体是大约10°，且然后相对于切割器件的到达方向而叉开(divergent)。因此，通过最大限度减小材料的悬垂的所需尺寸以便执行伸展，确保了材料的牢固抓持，且确保了没有皱纹的有效伸展。
有利的是，各个旋转部件均具有圆锥形或截头圆锥形本体，其侧表面形成圆锥或截头圆锥的母面，侧表面旨在与悬垂部分的一个面形成部分接触区域，该接触区域平行且间隔开。
旋转部件，具体是其与材料的接触区域尤其彼此间隔开距离d5，根据悬垂部分的厚度、待切割的材料类型、环境温度和压在层叠材料上的上基底的重量来调整距离d5，优选的是，距离d5在0.05到2mm之间。
根据另一个特征，旋转部件沿相反方向旋转，且沿朝悬垂部分的方向旋转。
根据又一个特征，旋转部件的旋转轴线相对于水平面或基底的总平面倾斜优选45°的角。
关于切割器件，它们旨在布置成沿横向于基底的所述边缘的方向离基底的边缘有对应于大约2.5mm，具体是1.5mm的值d1的距离。通过优化使玻璃与切割器件分开的距离，所确保的是，切割器件不可在切割操作期间接触玻璃，且在伸展和切割之后的材料的其余部分因此旨在自然收缩至与基底的边缘齐平，而没有突出。
此外，拉动器件的旨在离基底最近的端部沿横向于所述基底的边缘的方向与所述基底的边缘分离1.5到5mm之间，优选为大约3.5mm的距离。
有利的是，拉动器件沿横向于切割的方向相对于切割器件偏移具体大约1mm的距离d3。
此外，拉动器件沿切割方向离切割器件有一定距离，其具有具体为5到15mm，优选为大约10mm的值d4。
在一个优选实施例中，拉动器件的旨在与悬垂部分接触的表面有肋条或凹槽，或包括起伏或突出形状。
根据一个有利特征，切割器件的运动由拉动器件的运动控制。
本发明还涉及一种用于切割层叠在两个基底之间且悬垂在基底边缘的塑料类型的柔性材料的自动工艺，具体用于切割悬垂在层叠窗玻璃上的塑料材料，其特征在于，在切割之前，其包括材料的局部伸展/伸长的步骤。
短语"自动工艺"理解为意思是需要自动工具的工艺，其不同于手动工艺。
有利的是，该过程使用拉动器件，拉动器件包括布置成接触悬垂部分且在悬垂部分的任一侧上的至少两个旋转部件，且沿相反方向的旋转运动施加到所述部件上，以便局部地夹持悬垂部分，且将其大致横向于基底的边缘伸展，平移运动组合地施加在窗玻璃上或拉动器件上。
根据拉动器件的部件的旋转速度来控制切割速度。
在一个优选实施例中，在沿基底的一侧在基底的两个相对转角之间切割期间，优选根据三个连续的阶段改变拉动器件的部件的旋转速度，阶段具有在启动时的第一速度V1、第二中间速度V2和完成待切割的部分时的第三速度V3，且优选使得V1＞V2＞V3。
在描述的其余部分中，构件的修饰语"上"和"下"在装置的正常安装的背景内使用，即是说，关于相对于平的水平表面的垂直构想，窗玻璃将通过其一个总体面放置在水平表面上。
附图说明
现在将使用实例来描述本发明，实例仅为示范性的，且决不连同所附图示限制本发明的范围，在附图中：
图1代表装置的后透视图，窗玻璃布置在装置的前部处；
图2在侧视图中示意性地示出了本发明的切割过程的步骤；
图3在向下的透视图中示出了伸展和切割步骤期间的装置的详细视图；
图4为装置的示意性详细侧部透视图，且示出了没有塑料膜的悬垂部分的窗玻璃；
图5为通过穿过窗玻璃的透明度部分可见的装置的详细前部透视图；
图6为与窗玻璃的悬垂部分协作的拉动器件的示意性截面侧视图；
图7为拉动器件和切割器件的示意性截面侧视图；
图8为拉动器件的旋转部件的实例的透视图；
图9为拉动器件的定位的优选变型的示意性俯视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于切割的装置，以及用于使用该装置来至少沿一侧切割层叠在两个刚性基底之间且悬垂超过基底的边缘的具体是聚合物类型的柔性材料的工艺。
不限于此，关于层叠的窗玻璃1描述本发明，示意性地见图1到6，参照图6，其包括两个玻璃基底10和11和柔性夹层膜12，柔性夹层膜12例如由PVB类型的聚合物材料制成，膜的一部分13从基底的边缘14和15突出例如5到20mm之间的宽度。悬垂部分13在窗玻璃的至少一个整侧上延伸，大体上沿四侧延伸。
在图1中部分可见的本发明的切割装置2包括用于窗玻璃1的支承器件(这里不可见)、用于拉动夹层膜的悬垂部分13的器件，以及用于切割所述悬垂部分的器件4。
根据本发明，图2中示意性地示出的切割过程包括以下步骤：
a)定位拉动器件，
b)通过拉动器件3拉动悬垂部分13或伸展所述部分，
c)通过切割器件4切割以便获得步骤d)中可见的结果，示出悬垂部分的除去，夹层膜12与基底的边缘14和15齐平。
更具体而言，如图3中所示，本发明的工艺和装置在悬垂部分13位于区域16处时在悬垂部分13上产生拉动，以便伸展和延伸悬垂部分，且几乎立即对其切割。
拉动器件3布置在切割器件4的上游，膜的悬垂部分的伸展发生在切割之前。
相对于图4和5，拉动器件3和切割器件4分别通过自动系统3A和4A来承载，且例如通过可编程的控制器来以电子的方式控制。
切割器件4布置成离基底的边缘有一定距离。
它们实施为以便产生切口，切口平行于窗玻璃的一侧(基底的边缘)从窗玻璃的一个转角延伸至相对的转角。
为了确保窗玻璃的整个一侧上的拉动和切割，窗玻璃平移运动同时拉动器件3和切割器件4相对于窗玻璃的一侧固定，或窗玻璃固定，且拉动器件3和切割器件4沿窗玻璃的一侧以相同的速度平移运动，优选在与单个框架相关联的同时。
在窗玻璃生产线上，窗玻璃在传送器上沿纵向方向运动。本发明的装置然后包括以下构件：
分别布置在传送器的两个纵向侧的任一侧上(窗玻璃的行进方向)的一对拉动器件和切割器件，各对均固定；以及
至少布置在横向于纵向侧的一侧上的沿该侧平移运动的一对拉动器件和切割器件。
切割器件4由本领域的技术人员已知的任何器件构成。
切割器件4例如包括刀，其切割刀片40能够通过沿单个方向(朝未切割材料的方向)的平移运动来切割膜。刀片可作为执行往复运动的变型。
刀片可为简单的或有轮廓的，这提高了切割操作的效率。
在另一个变型中，切割器件由剪切盘形成。
特别是使用刀片的切割器件的行进速率尤其可达到1000mm/s。
如图4中可看到那样，切割器件4布置成在横向于基底的所述边缘的方向上离窗玻璃(离基底的边缘)有一定距离，刀片与基底的边缘之间的该分开距离d1在获得2mm的材料伸展时例如为1.5mm。
刀片与基底的边缘之间的该分开距离d1具体根据可获得的待切割的材料的伸展及所述材料在伸展和切割之后的收缩的幅度而变化。
此外，有时由于存在从基底的边缘突出的玻璃末梢，故优选将刀片布置在离边缘至少2mm处。
这些距离d1可在该过程期间变化，具体是为了移离基底的边缘(如果检测到玻璃唇缘)。有利的是，用于连续地监测基底的边缘的轮廓的系统使得有可能使刀片离玻璃尽可能近，而没有接触的风险，同时在检测到玻璃唇缘的情况下，确保在刀片到达唇缘的相对处之前与基底的边缘距离适当。在穿过唇缘之后，刀片又可离基底更近。
此外，由于切割器件自动化，故有可能响应于在玻璃的边缘上检测到缺陷来改变距离，以免刀片与这些缺陷的任何接触/冲击。
如具体在图1、3、4和6中所示的本发明的拉动器件3包括布置成彼此相对且离彼此一定距离，且离窗玻璃的边缘一定距离的至少两个旋转部件30和31。
部件30和31离彼此足够近而能够夹持悬垂部分13(图3和6)，一个部件30具有接触表面30A，接触表面30A抵靠所述悬垂部分的面13A，而另一个部件31具有接触表面31A，接触表面31A抵靠在所述悬垂部分的相对面13B上。
旋转部件的分离距离对应于两个相应接触表面30A和31A(图7)的间隔距离d5，这将随后详细描述。
通过布置成离基底的边缘14和15有一定距离且在悬垂部分13的外面13A和13B的任一侧上，旋转部件30和31能够通过其几何布置和其旋转来局部地伸展(相对于沿窗玻璃的一侧的悬垂部分的长度)挤在所述部件的所述接触表面30A和31A之间的区16(图3中可见)中的所述悬垂部分。
参看图4、6和7，离窗玻璃最近的拉动器件3的端部(即，面对基底且称为前端的部件30和31的相应的远端32和33)沿横向于边缘的方向与基底的边缘间隔开距离d2，距离d2例如为大约3.5mm。作为优选，该距离d2在1.5到5mm之间。
此外，如图3到5中可见，切割器件4离拉动器件3极近。
更具体而言(图3和7)，沿横向于基底的边缘的方向，拉动器件3的前端32、33相对于刀片40偏移大约1mm的值d3。然而，切割器件4不可避免地保持沿横向于窗玻璃的方向布置在所述窗玻璃与拉动器件3之间。
在窗玻璃(图4)的一侧的纵向方向上，沿切割方向，拉动器件3与切割器件4分开一定距离，该距离具有优选在5到15mm之间，优选为大约10mm的值d4。材料的几乎立即切割因此可在伸展区16中(图3)执行。
有利地根据本发明，关于图3和6到8，各个旋转部件30,31均具有圆锥形或截头圆锥形本体，其能够围绕其紧固轴线和相应旋转轴线X1,X2旋转。
作为变型，本体可为圆柱形。然而，所述部件的截头圆锥形使得有可能使它们前移成离窗玻璃尽可能近。
各个部件的截头圆锥本体示出了在包含旋转轴线的平面中的截面中看到的梯形，其具有一个大底边34、一个小的相对底边35，以及连结两个底边的母面，以便形成圆锥形或截头圆锥形侧表面36。在旋转部件30、31时，侧表面36旨在分别沿表面30A、31A与悬垂部分13的局部区16部分接触。
相对于图6和7，部件30和31相对于窗玻璃的水平总体平面布置，以便旋转轴线X1和X2形成0°到70°之间，优选等于45°的角。
此外，它们相对地定位，以便旨在与膜的悬垂部分的外面13A和13B接触的表面30A和31A平行且分开上文已经提到的距离d5(图7)。该距离调整成以便捕集悬垂部分13的材料。
根据悬垂部分的厚度、待切割的材料类型(材料的弹性取决于其成分而不同)和环境温度而调整两个相应的接触表面30A和31A的间隔距离d5，聚合物材料根据温度和压在膜11上的上基底10的重量而变形。
对于认为在16℃到22℃之间的温度和0.38到1.52mm之间的PVB(具体是标准PVB)的厚度，两个接触表面30A和31A之间的间隔距离d5特别在0.03mm到1.3mm之间。
举例来说，对于具有0.38mm的厚度，在实施切割过程期间在20℃的环境温度下的标准PVB，间隔距离为0.05mm。对于20℃下的标准0.76mm的PVB，其为0.04mm。
为了确保悬垂部分的夹持和伸展，沿相反方向的旋转运动施加到各个部件30和31上，部件中的一个的旋转方向朝另一个相反部件定向。因此，各个部件的旋转方向分别朝膜的悬垂部分13的各个面13A、13B定向。
此外，以根据本发明的优选方式，通过旋转部件相对于与基底的边缘成90°的垂直线的几何布置来确保和优化拉动。具体而言，如作为切割期间的窗玻璃和装置的俯视图(这里仅部件30可见)的示意性的图9中所示，各个部件30、31以优选方式布置，以便其旋转轴线X1,X2一方面与垂直于基底的边缘14、15的平面P和窗玻璃的水平总平面形成角α，且认作在部件的下游，且另一方面相对于切割器件4的对应于箭头F1的行进方向叉开。
各个部件倾斜，以便其后端34定位在与切割器件4相对的侧上，后端34比前端35更远，使得有可能清空切割器件的到达侧上的空间。此外，倾斜有益于朝切割器件的相对侧(箭头F2)伸展，使材料的区16完全伸展，以便立即执行其切割。
部件30和31由于其旋转轴线因此并未严格垂直于基底的边缘。角α大于0°且小于或等于75°，优选最多30°，具体是大约10°。
该角α构成"冲角"，其利用部件的旋转生成拉力，这使得有可能最大限度减小弹性材料的伸长所需的抓持表面，且确保有效的伸展而没有皱纹。
此外，对于它们中的各个，部件的截头圆锥形一方面在对应于大底边34的其相应前端32、33处且另一方面在对应于其小底边35的相应后端37、38生成不同的速度。速度差异有利地导致了切割区中的较好拉动。
悬垂部分13由两个旋转部件30和31钳夹与各个部件的本体的两个前端与后端之间的速度不对称生成了沿与窗玻璃(与基底)相反的方向中的夹持和局部伸展，其中材料经历的力分布在旋转部件的整个接触表面30A和31A上。
与部件30和31的旋转组合，平移运动沿悬垂部分13通过拉动器件的平移或通过窗玻璃的平移来施加，这导致了材料沿与窗玻璃分开的方向平行沿着窗玻璃一侧伸展材料。当这种伸展和平移运动发生时，切割也在该平移运动之后执行。
举例来说，部件的旋转速度为大约330rpm，而平移速度为大约600mm/s。平移速度调整成旋转速度；具体通过减小转速，平移速度将减小。
最后，有利的部件的侧表面36可有肋条、凹槽，或包括刺突，以便优化将金属旋转部件抓持在塑料材料上。
现在描述切割过程。
窗玻璃1由本来已知的器件水平地支承。
拉动器件3在平行于待切割的一侧的窗玻璃的一个转角上游启动，且以几毫米或甚至更大地紧邻膜的悬垂部分，以便部件达到其标称速度。两个部件之间的分离空间以与聚合物夹层共面的方式定位。
部件30和31旋转，同时平移运动，或同时保持相对于窗玻璃固定，窗玻璃然后平移地运动。沿悬垂部分的方向前移，当部件与所述部分的各个面13A,13B的任一侧接触时，部件抓持悬垂部分。
伸展发生。由于切割器件4的伴随的平移运动，故切割器件4回到与拉伸区16接触以便对其切割。
旋转部件和切割器件的平移运动沿整侧继续，直到窗玻璃的相对的转角。
如果横向于最后的转角切口的窗玻璃的一侧也必须修剪，则所有自动系统3A和4A运动以便布置成面对待切割的新的一侧。
关于部件的旋转和平移速度和切割器件的平移速度，这些速度根据待切割的材料、材料的温度和其厚度，以及整个一侧上的切割点位来优化。
具体而言，例如且优选根据三个连续阶段，可在沿基底的一侧在基底的两个相对转角之间切割期间改变拉动器件的各个部件的转速(速度对于各个部件相同)，阶段具有启动时的第一速度V1、第二中间速度V2和完成待切割的部分时的第三速度V3，且使得V1＞V2＞V3。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于切割层叠在两个基底之间且悬垂在所述基底的边缘上的塑料类型的柔性材料的装置，其包括切割器件(4)，其特征在于，其还包括拉动器件(3)，所述拉动器件(3)适于拉动所述柔性材料的悬垂部分且布置在所述切割器件的上游，所述柔性材料的悬垂部分的伸展发生在切割之前，所述拉动器件(3)包括至少两个旋转部件(30,31)，其围绕相应的旋转轴线(X1,X2)旋转，且适用于沿材料的悬垂部分的两个相对面(13A,13B)夹持所述部分(13)，且用于在其旋转运动期间在这些面上枢转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，各个部件(30,31)布置成使得其旋转轴线(X1,X2)首先与垂直于所述基底的边缘且在所述部件下游的平面形成倾角α，所述角大于0°且小于或等于75°，且其次相对于所述切割器件的到达方向叉开。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述角是10°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，各个旋转部件(30,31)均具有圆锥形或截头圆锥形本体，其侧表面(36)形成所述圆锥或所述截头圆锥的母面，所述侧表面(36)旨在与所述悬垂部分的一个面形成部分接触区域(30A,31A)，所述接触区域(30A,31A)平行且间隔开。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，所述旋转部件(30,31)彼此间隔开距离(d5)，根据所述悬垂部分的厚度、待切割的材料类型、环境温度和压在层叠材料上的上基底的重量来调整所述距离(d5)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接触区域(30A,31A)彼此间隔开距离(d5)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述距离(d5)在0.05到2mm之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述旋转部件(30,31)沿相反方向且沿朝所述悬垂部分的方向旋转。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述旋转部件(30,31)的旋转轴线(X1,X2)相对于所述基底的水平平面或总平面倾斜45°的角。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述切割器件(4)旨在布置成沿横向于所述基底的所述边缘的方向离所述基底的边缘有距离(d1)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述距离(d1)是1.5mm。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述拉动器件(3)的旨在离所述基底最近的端部沿横向于所述基底的边缘的方向与所述基底的边缘分开1.5到5mm的距离(d2)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述距离(d2)为3.5mm。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述拉动器件(3)相对于所述切割器件(4)沿横向于切割方向偏移1mm的距离(d3)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述拉动器件(3)沿所述切割方向与所述切割器件(4)分开具有5到15mm的值的距离(d4)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的装置，其特征在于，所述距离(d4)为10mm。
17.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述拉动器件(3)的旨在与所述悬垂部分接触的表面有肋条或有凹槽，或包括起伏或突出形状。
18.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述切割器件(4)的运动由所述拉动器件(3)的运动控制。
19.使用根据权利要求1至权利要求18中任一项所述的装置的工艺，其特征在于，其使用拉动器件，所述拉动器件包括布置成接触所述悬垂部分且在所述悬垂部分的任一侧上的至少两个旋转部件，并且所述部件被施加沿相反方向的旋转运动，以便局部地夹持所述悬垂部分，且使其大致横向于所述基底的边缘伸展，旋转运动组合地施加在窗玻璃的所述基底上或所述拉动器件上。
20.根据权利要求19所述的工艺，其特征在于，根据所述拉动器件的部件的转速来控制切割速度。
21.根据权利要求19或权利要求20所述的工艺，其特征在于，在沿所述基底的一侧在所述基底的两个相对转角之间切割期间，根据三个连续阶段改变所述拉动器件的部件的转速，所述阶段具有启动时的第一速度V1、第二中间速度V2，以及完成待切割的部分时的第三速度V3。
22.根据权利要求21所述的工艺，其特征在于，使得V1＞V2＞V3。
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