CN104478552B - Garlic special-purpose organic inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of compound fertilizers. In the formula of the present invention, organic fertilizers are fermented and mixed with inorganic fertilizers according to a certain ratio, and the sugar residues used are rich in organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Bacteria, which work together with the added traditional Chinese medicine to effectively prevent plant infection from pests and physiological diseases. The product of the invention not only has the quick-acting effect of inorganic fertilizer, but also has the long-acting and slow-acting effect of organic fertilizer, meets the needs of different nutrient elements in the growth process of cotton, and releases nutrients in a balanced manner.

Description

A kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to a compound fertilizer, in particular to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of compound fertilizers.

Background technique

Garlic is a favorite food for people. It is rich in vitamin C and more phosphorus, sulfur, iron and other elements. It has the functions of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-cancer, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. , cosmetics, industrial supplies and other important raw materials. The demand for garlic and its products in domestic and foreign markets is stable, the planting area is gradually expanding, the output is continuously increasing, and the economic benefits are remarkable. Garlic planting has become an important industry to revitalize the local economy and promote the development of foreign exchange-earning agriculture.

Garlic is sensitive to fertilizer and water, and has the distinctive characteristics of being fat-loving and resistant to fertilizer. Studies have shown that nitrogen is the most absorbed by garlic in various fertilizers, followed by potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. In addition, sulfur is an element of garlic quality. Appropriate application of sulfur can enhance the flavor of garlic, and tend to increase the weight of garlic and the growth of garlic moss. The growth and development of garlic go through several stages: germination stage, seedling stage, flower bud scale bud differentiation stage, flower stem elongation stage, bulb expansion stage and dormancy stage. Each stage has different requirements for different nutrients. Taking nitrogen, which is the most demanded element in the growth of garlic, as an example, the amount and intensity of nitrogen absorption are low before overwintering, gradually increase in other periods, and reach the highest peak when the bulb expands. In order to obtain the best quality products, it is necessary to supplement the corresponding nutrient elements to garlic in different periods. At present, the fertilizers on the market are diversified, but most of them have low utilization rate and a single form of nutrient release, which cannot meet the needs of garlic growth. Therefore, in order to blindly pursue yield and quality, garlic farmers will fertilize garlic many times during the growth process of garlic to meet the needs of nutrient elements in different periods. The invasion of various diseases and the loss of a large amount of fertilizer have caused serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer suitable for garlic with balanced nutrient release that can increase yield and improve soil quality.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for garlic and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer has a simple preparation method and a reasonable formula, can effectively improve soil quality, releases nutrients in a balanced manner, meets the needs of garlic in different growth cycles for different nutrients, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of various physiological diseases.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

An organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic is characterized in that it is made of the following raw materials in weight ratio: sugar residue: Sophora flavescens: Nepeta: Cnidium: trace elements: potassium fulvic acid: binder: urea: Monoammonium phosphate: ammonium sulfate: potassium chloride: EM bacteria solution is 170-190:8-12:8-12:4-8:12-16:25-35:15-25:200-230:90-110 :170-185:200-205:25-35;

Wherein said trace elements are amino acid chelated zinc: amino acid chelated manganese: amino acid chelated iron: amino acid chelated copper according to the composition of 1:0.8-1.2:0.9-1.2:1-1.5;

The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic comprises the steps:

(1) Make the water content of 40-50% after the sugar residue is dried by the dryer, then add the pulverizer to pulverize, cross the 100-150 mesh sieve to get the fine powder and add in the reaction tank;

(2) Continue to add EM bacterial liquid into the reaction tank and stir at a stirring speed of 5-6r/min; heat to control the temperature in the reaction tank at 40±5°C, and continue to ferment for 2 days;

(3) After the fermentation is over, put Sophora flavescens, Schizonepeta, Cnidium Fructus into the reaction tank after being pulverized and ground through a 200-mesh sieve;

(4) Add other components in turn to the reaction tank after the above reaction and stir, the stirring diameter D=200mm, the rotating speed 20-30r/min, and the time is 30min;

(5) Add the above-mentioned compound fertilizer into the granulator for granulation. After the granulation is completed, pass hot air at a temperature of 100-110°C to dry for 2-3 hours, and then pass cold air at a temperature of 25-30°C to cool down. Until the temperature of the mixture drops to 30°C, a granulated mixture is obtained, and granules with a diameter of 1.5-3 mm are screened out for finished product packaging, and non-finished granules are subjected to secondary processing.

As a preference of the present invention, the sugar residue: Sophora flavescens: Nepeta: Fructus Cnidii: Trace element: Potassium fulvic acid: Adhesive: Urea: Monoammonium phosphate: Ammonium sulfate: Potassium chloride: EM bacterial liquid 175-185:9-11:9-11:5-6:13-15:28-32:18-22:210-220:95-105:180-185:200-203:28-32;

Wherein the trace elements are amino acid chelated zinc: amino acid chelated manganese: amino acid chelated iron: amino acid chelated copper according to the composition of 1:0.9-1.1:1-1.2:1.2-1.4.

As another preference of the present invention, the sugar residue: Sophora flavescens: Schizonepeta: Fructus Cnidii: Trace element: Potassium fulvic acid: Adhesive: Urea: Monoammonium phosphate: Ammonium sulfate: Potassium chloride: EM bacteria Liquid is 180:10:10:5:15:30:20:220:100:180:200:30; wherein said trace elements are amino acid chelated zinc: amino acid chelated manganese: amino acid chelated iron: amino acid chelated Copper is composed according to 1:1:1.2:1.3.

The binder is prepared by mixing attapulgite clay and sodium hydroxymethylcellulose at a weight ratio of 1:1.

The sugar residue is cornstarch sugar residue, beet sugar residue or monosodium glutamate production waste sugar residue.

A kind of preparation method of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) Make the water content of 40-50% after the sugar residue is dried by the dryer, then add the pulverizer to pulverize, cross the 100-150 mesh sieve to get the fine powder and add in the reaction tank;

(2) Continue to add EM bacterial liquid into the reaction tank and stir at a stirring speed of 5-6r/min; heat to control the temperature in the reaction tank at 40±5°C, and continue to ferment for 2 days;

(3) After the fermentation is over, put Sophora flavescens, Schizonepeta, Cnidium Fructus into the reaction tank after being pulverized and ground through a 200-mesh sieve;

(4) Add other components in turn to the reaction tank after the above reaction and stir, the stirring diameter D=200mm, the rotating speed 20-30r/min, and the time is 30min;

(5) Add the above-mentioned compound fertilizer into the granulator for granulation. After the granulation is completed, pass hot air at a temperature of 100-110°C to dry for 2-3 hours, and then pass cold air at a temperature of 25-30°C to cool down. Until the temperature of the mixture drops to 30°C, a granulated mixture is obtained, and granules with a diameter of 1.5-3 mm are screened out for finished product packaging, and non-finished granules are subjected to secondary processing.

The formula is mainly applicable to the main garlic producing areas in Shandong, my country. How to use: It is suitable to spread, apply in strips, apply in holes, etc., and cover with soil, and the depth is preferably 5 to 7 cm.

The sugar slag in the formula of the present invention contains rich organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. After being fermented by adding EM bacteria liquid, more probiotics will be produced, which will work together with the added traditional Chinese medicine to effectively prevent plants from being infected by diseases and insect pests and The occurrence of physical diseases. In addition, the amino acid chelating agent is used for the trace elements in the present invention, which is more conducive to the absorption of plants. In the formula, the organic fertilizer is fermented and mixed with the inorganic fertilizer according to a certain ratio. Attapulgite and sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose are used as binders, and the granulation effect is better. Because sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose is hydrophilic, Therefore, after being applied to the land, the water retention performance of the soil is enhanced. At the same time, the fertilizer has both the quick-acting effect of inorganic fertilizers and the long-acting and slow-acting effects of organic fertilizers. It meets the needs of different nutrient elements during the growth of garlic, and the nutrient release is balanced.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) It can improve the soil, enhance the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, increase the aggregate structure in the soil, and adjust the pH value of the soil.

2) The release of nutrients is balanced, that is, there are quick-acting inorganic fertilizers and long-acting and slow-acting organic fertilizers.

3) It can prevent various pests and physiological diseases that garlic is prone to produce.

4) Compared with the conventional inorganic formula, the resistance of the plant is enhanced, the properties of roots, stems and leaves are excellent, and the yield is obviously increased.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

The raw materials (kg) required for the production of 1000kg garlic special compound fertilizer are sugar residue 190, Sophora flavescens 8, Nepeta 12, Cnidium 4, trace elements 16, potassium fulvic acid 25, binder 25, urea 230, phosphoric acid Monoammonium 90, ammonium sulfate 170, potassium chloride 205, EM bacteria liquid 25;

Wherein said trace elements are amino acid chelated zinc: amino acid chelated manganese: amino acid chelated iron: amino acid chelated copper according to the composition of 1:0.8:0.9:1;

The binder is made by mixing attapulgite clay and sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose with a weight ratio of 1:1;

The preparation method of above-mentioned organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic comprises the following steps:

(1) After the sugar slag is dried by a dryer, its water content is 40%, then added to a pulverizer for pulverization, and the fine powder obtained by crossing a 100-mesh sieve is added to a reaction tank;

(2) Continue to add the EM bacterial liquid into the reaction tank and stir at a stirring speed of 5 r/min; heat to control the temperature in the reaction tank at 40±5°C, and continue to ferment for 2 days;

(3) After the fermentation is over, put Sophora flavescens, Schizonepeta, Cnidium Fructus into the reaction tank after being pulverized and ground through a 200-mesh sieve;

(4) Add other components in turn to the reaction tank after the above reaction and stir, the stirring diameter D=200mm, the rotating speed 20r/min, and the time is 30min;

(5) Add the above-mentioned compound fertilizer into the granulator for granulation. After the granulation is completed, hot air at a temperature of 100°C is introduced for drying for 3 hours, and then cold air at a temperature of 25°C is passed in for cooling until the temperature of the mixture drops to At 30°C, a granular mixture is obtained, and granules with a diameter of 1.5-3mm are screened out for finished product packaging, and non-finished granules are subjected to secondary processing.

Example 2

The raw materials (kg) required for the production of 1000kg garlic special compound fertilizer are sugar residue 170, Sophora flavescens 12, Nepeta 8, Cnidium 8, trace elements 12, potassium fulvic acid 35, binder 15, urea 200, phosphoric acid Monoammonium 110, ammonium sulfate 185, potassium chloride 200, EM bacteria solution 35;

Wherein said trace elements are amino acid chelated zinc: amino acid chelated manganese: amino acid chelated iron: amino acid chelated copper according to the composition of 1:1.1:1:1.5;

The binder is made by mixing attapulgite clay and sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose with a weight ratio of 1:1;

The preparation method of above-mentioned organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic comprises the following steps:

(1) Make the water content of 50% after the sugar slag is dried by the dryer, then add the pulverizer to pulverize, cross a 150 mesh sieve to get the fine powder and add it to the reaction tank;

(2) Continue to add EM bacterial liquid into the reaction tank and stir, the stirring speed is 6r/min; heat and control the temperature in the reaction tank at 40±5°C, and continue to ferment for 2 days;

(3) After the fermentation is over, put Sophora flavescens, Schizonepeta, Cnidium Fructus into the reaction tank after being pulverized and ground through a 200-mesh sieve;

(4) Add other components in turn to the reaction tank after the above reaction and stir, the stirring diameter D=200mm, the rotating speed 30r/min, and the time is 30min;

(5) Add the above-mentioned compound fertilizer into the granulator for granulation. After the granulation is completed, hot air at 110°C is passed through for drying for 2 hours, and then cold air at 30°C is passed through for cooling until the temperature of the mixture drops to At 30°C, a granular mixture is obtained, and granules with a diameter of 1.5-3mm are screened out for finished product packaging, and non-finished granules are subjected to secondary processing.

Example 3

The raw materials (kg) required for the production of 1000kg garlic special compound fertilizer are sugar residue 180, Sophora flavescens 10, Nepeta 10, Cnidium 5, trace elements 15, potassium fulvic acid 30, binder 20, urea 220, phosphoric acid Monoammonium 100, ammonium sulfate 180, potassium chloride 200, EM bacteria solution 30;

Wherein said trace elements are amino acid chelated zinc: amino acid chelated manganese: amino acid chelated iron: amino acid chelated copper according to the composition of 1:1:1.2:1.3;

The binder is made by mixing attapulgite clay and sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose with a weight ratio of 1:1;

The preparation method of above-mentioned organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for garlic comprises the following steps:

(1) Make the water content of 45% after the sugar slag is dried by the dryer, then add the pulverizer to pulverize, cross 120 mesh sieves to get fine powder and add in the reaction tank;

(2) Continue to add EM bacterial liquid into the reaction tank and stir, the stirring speed is 6r/min; heat and control the temperature in the reaction tank at 40±5°C, and continue to ferment for 2 days;

(3) After the fermentation is over, put Sophora flavescens, Schizonepeta, Cnidium Fructus into the reaction tank after being pulverized and ground through a 200-mesh sieve;

(4) Add other components in turn to the reaction tank after the above reaction and stir, the stirring diameter D=200mm, the rotating speed 25r/min, and the time is 30min;

(5) Add the above-mentioned compound fertilizer into the granulator for granulation. After the granulation is completed, hot air at a temperature of 110°C is introduced for drying for 3 hours, and then cold air at a temperature of 28°C is introduced to cool down until the temperature of the mixture drops to At 30°C, a granular mixture is obtained, and granules with a diameter of 1.5-3mm are screened out for finished product packaging, and non-finished granules are subjected to secondary processing.

The compound fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 was tested, and the contents of each component are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Contents of various components of compound fertilizer prepared in different proportions

Example 1 (%) Example 2 (%) Example 3 (%) Total nitrogen (N) 15.5 15.8 15.3 Phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) 8.1 8.2 8.6 _Potassium (K2O) 12.3 12.2 12.6 total nutrients 35.5 35.8 36.1 organic matter 15 16.3 17 Fulvic acid 3 3.2 3.5 zinc 0.12 0.13 0.14 copper 0.13 0.13 0.14 manganese 0.15 0.16 0.18 iron 0.1 0.12 0.13 moisture 4.8 5.2 5

For three consecutive years from 2011 to 2013, an experimental field was selected in a garlic planting base in Cangshan County, Shandong Province to study the effect of fertilizers. The garlic variety used in the test is white garlic, a local species both with garlic moss and head, and the planting density is 600,000 plants/hm ² . Sow seeds from September to early October every year, harvest garlic moss in early May of the next year, and harvest garlic from late May to early June. The experimental field was divided into five areas of the same size and numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Group 1 was the control group and no fertilizer was applied; Group 2 was applied with common commercially available inorganic fertilizers. The special compound fertilizers for garlic prepared in Examples 1-3 were applied respectively. The fertilization time and fertilizer dosage of all groups are the same, and the fertilization time is one-time application of the base fertilizer before sowing, and one topdressing in the greening period after the beginning of spring. Other cultivation and management measures are the same as the local common field garlic. The test results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Yield increase results of fertilizer tests in test fields from 2011 to 2013

Note: ^a indicates that the yield increase rate is compared with the results of the second group in the same year.

Can draw by above-mentioned experimental result, use the special-purpose organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for garlic that the present invention makes all very obvious to the yield-increasing effect of garlic seedling, garlic moss, garlic head, and its yield-increasing rate is obviously higher than using common inorganic fertilizer, and continuous 3 Years of test comparisons have found that the yields of garlic sprouts, garlic moss, and garlic tend to increase year by year. This is due to the continuous application of the fertilizer of the present invention, which has significantly improved the water and fertilizer retention and air permeability of the soil, and enhanced the quality of the soil. At the same time, several traditional Chinese medicines added to the fertilizer and the sugar residue fermented by the EM bacteria liquid worked together on the experimental field, and the probiotics produced and the medicine worked together to significantly reduce the diseases of the bacteria and fungi on the plants, reducing the damage of plant diseases, insect pests and The occurrence of physiological diseases increases the yield of crops.

The present invention also studies the effect of applying the fertilizer of the present invention on the properties of garlic seedlings and garlic mosses in the growth of garlic. Taking the garlic in 2013 in the above experiment as an example, 10 garlic seedlings were randomly selected from each test field for shape research. The research results of each shape are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

Table 3 The results of research on the traits of garlic seedlings

Table 4 Research results on the shape of garlic moss

Average moss length/cm Average moss thickness/cm Average moss weight/g Group 1 43.4 0.54 12.1 Group 2 47.5 0.59 13.2 group 3 52.3 0.63 13.9 Group 4 52.9 0.62 14.2 Group 5 53.4 0.65 14.5

From the results of Table 3 and Table 4, it can be seen that the plant height, stem length, stem thickness and moss length, thickness and weight of the garlic sprouts grown by the fertilizer garlic of the present invention are significantly better than those of the non-fertilization group and the application Ordinary inorganic fertilizer group. This shows that the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention releases nutrients in a balanced manner, which meets the different nutritional requirements of various parts of the garlic during the growth period.

Claims (6)

1. a Bulbus Allii organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, it is characterized in that, it is made up of the raw material of following weight ratio: sugar slag: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis: Herba Schizonepetae: Fructus Cnidii: trace element: potassium fulvate: binding agent: carbamide: MAP: sulfur ammonium: potassium chloride: EM bacterium solution is 170-190:8-12:8-12:4-8:12-16:25-35:15-25:200-230:90-110:1 70-185:200-205:25-35；

Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids manganese: iron-amino acid chelate: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:0.8-1.2:0.9-1.2:1-1.5；

The preparation method of described Bulbus Allii organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special comprises the steps:

Make its water content 40-50% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；

Continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 5-6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；

After fermentation ends, add in retort after Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Herba Schizonepetae, Fructus Cnidii attrition grinding are crossed 200 mesh sieves；

Other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 20-30r/min, the time is 30min；

Above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined pelletize in comminutor; pelletize is passed through the hot blast of 100-110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 2-3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 25-30 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the granule of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.

Bulbus Allii organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sugar slag: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis: Herba Schizonepetae: Fructus Cnidii: trace element: potassium fulvate: binding agent: carbamide: MAP: sulfur ammonium: potassium chloride: EM bacterium solution is 175-185:9-11:9-11:5-6:13-15:28-32:18-22:210-220:95-105:1 80-185:200-203:28-32；

Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids manganese: iron-amino acid chelate: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:0.9-1.1:1-1.2:1.2-1.4.

Bulbus Allii organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described sugar slag: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis: Herba Schizonepetae: Fructus Cnidii: trace element: potassium fulvate: binding agent: carbamide: MAP: sulfur ammonium: potassium chloride: EM bacterium solution is 180:10:10:5:15:30:20:220:100:180:200:30；

Wherein said trace element is zinc-amino acid chelate: chelating amino acids manganese: iron-amino acid chelate: copper amino acid chelate forms according to 1:1:1.2:1.3.

Bulbus Allii organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described binding agent is attapulgite clay and Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium is mixed with weight ratio 1:1.

Bulbus Allii organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special the most according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that described sugar slag is corn starch sugar dreg, beet sugar slag or glutamate production useless sugar slag.

6. the preparation method of the Bulbus Allii organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special described in a claim 1, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) make its water content 40-50% after being dried by sugar slag drying machine, be subsequently adding pulverizer and pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve and obtain in fine powder material addition retort；

(2) continuously adding EM bacterium solution in retort and stir, mixing speed is 5-6r/min；In computer heating control retort, temperature is at 40 ± 5 DEG C, continuing fermentation 2 days；

(3), after fermentation ends, add in retort after Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Herba Schizonepetae, Fructus Cnidii attrition grinding are crossed 200 mesh sieves；

(4) other components being sequentially added in above-mentioned reacted retort and stir, stirring diameter D=200mm, rotating speed 20-30r/min, the time is 30min；

(5) above-mentioned complex fertilizer is joined pelletize in comminutor; pelletize is passed through the hot blast of 100-110 DEG C of temperature and carries out drying 2-3h after completing; the cold wind cooling being passed through 25-30 DEG C of temperature again processes; until the temperature of mixture is down to 30 DEG C; obtain granular mixture; sub-sieve goes out diameter to carry out finished product packing at the granule of 1.5-3mm and obtains product, and non-finished particle carries out secondary operations.