CN104445788A - 高含盐废水处理回用零排放集成工艺 - Google Patents
高含盐废水处理回用零排放集成工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104445788A CN104445788A CN201410816016.XA CN201410816016A CN104445788A CN 104445788 A CN104445788 A CN 104445788A CN 201410816016 A CN201410816016 A CN 201410816016A CN 104445788 A CN104445788 A CN 104445788A
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- water
- treatment
- nanofiltration
- softening
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound 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[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound 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[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium hydroxide Chemical compound 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[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
高含盐废水处理回用零排放集成工艺。本发明涉及水的软化脱盐处理技术，尤其涉及一种含有低浓度有机物的反渗透浓水回用处理系统，并达到“零排放”的要求。该集成工艺步骤如下：（1）首先对高含盐废水进行软化预处理；（2）通过活性炭吸附和超滤装置，获得预处理产水；（3）通过纳滤装置获得纳滤软水和纳滤浓水；（4）通过反渗透装置获得反渗透软水和反渗透浓水，（5）通过电渗析装置获得电渗析软水和电渗析浓水；（6）通过蒸发结晶装置对电渗析浓水进行蒸发结晶处理，蒸发结晶产生的盐定期外运，产生的水进入产水池中，进入回用系统中，最终完成高含盐废水处理回用。本发明主要用于高含盐废水的集成处理。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及水的软化脱盐处理技术，尤其涉及一种含有低浓度有机物的反渗透浓水回用处理系统，并达到“零排放”的要求。
背景技术
[0002] 随着膜技术的研究和制造业的不断发展，反渗透技术在海水和苦咸水淡化、纯水和超纯水、食品加工、城市供水和工业用水、工业废水和城市污水的深度处理等领域都得到了广泛的应用，反渗透技术在未来水处理领域的应用前景极其广阔。反渗透技术产生清水的同时也产生了浓缩水，浓缩水含有低浓度的有机物，对环境的影响越来越引起人们的重视。
[0003] 纳滤是一种介于反渗透和超滤之间的压力驱动膜分离过程，纳滤膜的孔径范围在几个纳米左右。与其他压力驱动型膜分离过程相比，出现较晚。它的出现可追溯到70年代末J.E.Cadotte的NS-300膜的研究。
[0004] 反渗透是60年代发展起来的一项新的膜分离技术，是依靠反渗透膜在压力下使溶液中的溶剂与溶质进行分离的过程。当前很多工艺水处理系统都是用反渗透技术来去除水中的离子。一般情况下，反渗透系统的回收率在75%〜80%的范围内，20%〜25%的反渗透浓水作为废水直接排放掉，不仅造成了水资源的浪费，同时也增加了环境污染。
[0005] 电渗析是在电场作用下进行渗析时，溶液中的带电的溶质粒子通过膜而迁移，它是20世纪50年代发展起来的一种新技术，最初用于海水淡化，现在广泛用于化工、轻工、冶金、造纸、医药工业，尤以制备纯水和在环境保护中处理三废最受重视。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明是解决现有技术中存在的问题，其主要目的是提供一种含有低浓度有机物的反渗透浓水回用集成工艺，用以获得所需工艺用水，并降低含有低浓度有机物的反渗透浓水处理设施的投资及运行费用。
[0007] 本发明采用如下技术方案:高含盐废水处理回用零排放集成工艺，该集成工艺步骤如下:
(I)首先对高含盐废水进行软化预处理和过滤除去水中的悬浮物，获得预处理软化水；所述的软化预处理是指，在高密度澄清池进水口投加石灰和碳酸钠，使反应形成的碳酸钙和氢氧化镁金属盐沉淀物在高密度澄清池中沉淀，产生的污泥进行回收处理；通过V型滤池除去高密度澄清池出水的悬浮物，V滤产水池储存V型滤池的产水，给V型滤池提供恒量恒压的反洗水量，并给活性炭滤池提供恒量恒压的处理水量；(2)对步骤(I)中获得的预处理软化水除去高含盐废水中的有机物，通过活性炭吸附和超滤装置，获得预处理产水；所述的预处理软化水除去高含盐废水中的有机物是指，预处理软化水经过活性炭滤池，废水中的有机物被吸附到活性炭表面，过滤后的水进入活性炭产水池，给超滤装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，超滤装置用于进一步去除水中的污染物，使其出水满足纳滤装置的进水水质要求，超滤装置的产水进入超滤产水池；(3)通过纳滤装置对步骤(2)中获得的预处理产水进行除硬度、脱盐处理，获得纳滤软水和纳滤浓水；对预处理产水进行除硬度、脱盐处理是指，超滤产水池给纳滤装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，去除预处理产水中的硬度和盐分，纳滤装置的浓水进入软化装置，产水进入纳滤产水池，给反渗透装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，进一步去除高含盐废水中的硬度和盐分；(4)通过反渗透装置对步骤(3)中获得的纳滤软水进一步除硬度、脱盐处理，获得反渗透软水和反渗透浓水，反渗透装置的浓水进入活性炭产水池，产水进入产水池；通过软化装置对步骤(3)中获得的纳滤浓水进行除硬度处理，获得深度处理软化水；对所述纳滤浓水进行软化处理是指，通过软化装置对纳滤浓水去除硬度，防止金属盐离子在电渗析设备中结垢，造成系统故障；(5)通过电渗析装置对步骤
(4)中获得的深度处理软化水进行进一步的脱盐处理，获得电渗析软水和电渗析浓水；所述深度处理软化水进行进一步脱盐处理是指，通过电渗析装置去除深度处理软化水的盐分，电渗析的浓水进入后续蒸发结晶装置，软水直接进入产水池；(6)通过蒸发结晶装置对步骤(5)中获得的电渗析浓水进行蒸发结晶处理，蒸发结晶产生的盐定期外运，产生的水进入产水池中，进入回用系统中，最终完成高含盐废水处理回用。所述的高密度澄清池、V型滤池、活性炭滤池、超滤装置、纳滤装置、反渗透装置、电渗析装置、蒸发结晶装置均为市售或者本领域通用的构筑物和装置。
[0008] 本发明的有益效果:本发明提供的处理含有低浓度有机物反渗透浓水的方法及设备，采用了高密度澄清池工艺、过滤工艺、纳滤处理工艺和反渗透处理工艺的集成工艺，高密度澄清池处理工艺占地面积小、节省土建投资、抗冲击负荷能力强、效率高，过滤系统去除水中的悬浮物和有机物，为后续处理工艺提供了保障，纳滤处理工艺过滤精度高，处理效果稳定、维护简单，同时，反渗透处理工艺对纳滤系统的产水进一步除硬度、脱盐处理，获得所需工艺用水，电渗析和蒸发结晶单元进一步浓水纳滤浓水，达到“零排放”的要求。
附图说明
[0009] 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
[0010] 图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
[0011] 实施例1、高含盐废水处理回用零排放集成工艺，如图1所示，该集成工艺步骤如下:
(O首先对高含盐废水进行软化预处理和过滤除去水中的悬浮物，获得预处理软化水；所述的软化预处理是指，在高密度澄清池进水口投加石灰和碳酸钠，使反应形成的碳酸钙和氢氧化镁金属盐沉淀物在高密度澄清池中沉淀，产生的污泥进行回收处理；通过V型滤池除去高密度澄清池出水的悬浮物，V滤产水池储存V型滤池的产水，给V型滤池提供恒量恒压的反洗水量，并给活性炭滤池提供恒量恒压的处理水量；(2)对步骤(I)中获得的预处理软化水除去高含盐废水中的有机物，通过活性炭吸附和超滤装置，获得预处理产水；所述的预处理软化水除去高含盐废水中的有机物是指，预处理软化水经过活性炭滤池，废水中的有机物被吸附到活性炭表面，过滤后的水进入活性炭产水池，给超滤装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，超滤装置用于进一步去除水中的污染物，使其出水满足纳滤装置的进水水质要求，超滤装置的产水进入超滤产水池；(3)通过纳滤装置对步骤(2)中获得的预处理产水进行除硬度、脱盐处理，获得纳滤软水和纳滤浓水；对预处理产水进行除硬度、脱盐处理是指，超滤产水池给纳滤装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，去除预处理产水中的硬度和盐分，纳滤装置的浓水进入软化装置，产水进入纳滤产水池，给反渗透装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，进一步去除高含盐废水中的硬度和盐分；(4)通过反渗透装置对步骤(3)中获得的纳滤软水进一步除硬度、脱盐处理，获得反渗透软水和反渗透浓水，反渗透装置的浓水进入活性炭产水池，产水进入产水池；通过软化装置对步骤(3)中获得的纳滤浓水进行除硬度处理，获得深度处理软化水；对所述纳滤浓水进行软化处理是指，通过软化装置对纳滤浓水去除硬度，防止金属盐离子在电渗析设备中结垢，造成系统故障；(5)通过电渗析装置对步骤
(4)中获得的深度处理软化水进行进一步的脱盐处理，获得电渗析软水和电渗析浓水；所述深度处理软化水进行进一步脱盐处理是指，通过电渗析装置去除深度处理软化水的盐分，电渗析的浓水进入后续蒸发结晶装置，软水直接进入产水池；(6)通过蒸发结晶装置对步骤(5)中获得的电渗析浓水进行蒸发结晶处理，蒸发结晶产生的盐定期外运，产生的水进入产水池中，进入回用系统中，最终完成高含盐废水处理回用。所述的高密度澄清池、V型滤池、活性炭滤池、超滤装置、纳滤装置、反渗透装置、电渗析装置、蒸发结晶装置均为市售或者本领域通用的构筑物和装置。
Claims (2)
1.高含盐废水处理回用零排放集成工艺，其特征在于:该集成工艺步骤如下: (1)首先对高含盐废水进行软化预处理和过滤除去水中的悬浮物，获得预处理软化水；所述的软化预处理是指，在高密度澄清池进水口投加石灰和碳酸钠，使反应形成的碳酸钙和氢氧化镁金属盐沉淀物在高密度澄清池中沉淀，产生的污泥进行回收处理；通过V型滤池除去高密度澄清池出水的悬浮物3滤产水池储存V型滤池的产水，给V型滤池提供恒量恒压的反洗水量，并给活性炭滤池提供恒量恒压的处理水量； (2)对步骤(1)中获得的预处理软化水除去高含盐废水中的有机物，通过活性炭吸附和超滤装置，获得预处理产水；所述的预处理软化水除去高含盐废水中的有机物是指，预处理软化水经过活性炭滤池，废水中的有机物被吸附到活性炭表面，过滤后的水进入活性炭产水池，给超滤装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，超滤装置用于进一步去除水中的污染物，使其出水满足纳滤装置的进水水质要求，超滤装置的产水进入超滤产水池； (3)通过纳滤装置对步骤(2)中获得的预处理产水进行除硬度、脱盐处理，获得纳滤软水和纳滤浓水；对预处理产水进行除硬度、脱盐处理是指，超滤产水池给纳滤装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，去除预处理产水中的硬度和盐分，纳滤装置的浓水进入软化装置，产水进入纳滤产水池，给反渗透装置提供恒量恒压的处理水量，进一步去除高含盐废水中的硬度和盐分； (4)通过反渗透装置对步骤(3)中获得的纳滤软水进一步除硬度、脱盐处理，获得反渗透软水和反渗透浓水，反渗透装置的浓水进入活性炭产水池，产水进入产水池；通过软化装置对步骤(3)中获得的纳滤浓水进行除硬度处理，获得深度处理软化水；对所述纳滤浓水进行软化处理是指，通过软化装置对纳滤浓水去除硬度，防止金属盐离子在电渗析设备中结垢，造成系统故障； (5)通过电渗析装置对步骤(4)中获得的深度处理软化水进行进一步的脱盐处理，获得电渗析软水和电渗析浓水；所述深度处理软化水进行进一步脱盐处理是指，通过电渗析装置去除深度处理软化水的盐分，电渗析的浓水进入后续蒸发结晶装置，软水直接进入产水池； (6)通过蒸发结晶装置对步骤(5)中获得的电渗析浓水进行蒸发结晶处理，蒸发结晶产生的盐定期外运，产生的水进入产水池中，进入回用系统中，最终完成高含盐废水处理回用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集成工艺，其特征在于:所述的高密度澄清池1型滤池、活性炭滤池、超滤装置、纳滤装置、反渗透装置、电渗析装置、蒸发结晶装置均为市售或者本领域通用的构筑物和装置。
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