CN104430720A - 黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干的方法 - Google Patents
黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有功能的饼干的制作方法,尤其涉及一种黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干的方法。其原料组成为:主料40-60份,配料15-25份,辅料25-40份;所述的主料含面粉或米粉或二者混合50%,黄秋葵、菌、藻提取的营养料50%;所述的配料为适时蔬菜的蔬菜泥;所述的辅料为油脂、水、鸡蛋、已溶解糖液、小苏打。本发明制作的功能饼干符合药食同源,以食治病(预防)的目的,通过日常饮食改善亚健康状态,预防或者通过饮食来治疗或辅助治疗某些疾病的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有功能的饼干的制作方法,尤其涉及一种黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干的方法。
背景技术
近年来大气、水源污染日益严重,气(象)候反常;温差、雨雪变化骤大,促使病源菌等变异加大,突发疾病(非典、禽流感等),使人体对环境的适应能力下降;加之不法、无良商人制售伪劣,添加有毒/害物质(注水肉、地沟油、三聚氰胺等等),促使人们抵抗疾病能力(免疫力)下降,处于亚健康状态,加速了疾病(癌症)发生发展和衰老的进程。
为此,我们在争取洁净的空气和水源的同时,必须要加强自身的保护,除适当锻炼运动,食品是必不可少的,而具有食疗功能的食物是人们优先选择的品种之一。
功能食品的应用是目前国内外非常重视的课题,其发展趋势也巨大而深远,随着对外的文化广泛交流,我国的“食疗”也传入了世界各地,甚至有些产品变成了国外的专利,如意大利著名的“大黄酒”,这种酒具有饭前开胃,饭后消食,次日通便的作用,经常饮用有清肠胃,延年益寿之效,这种酒的性质对我国西北地区以牛羊肉食为多的群众以及欧美人群摄入高脂肪、高蛋白等生活习惯的人群起到很好的食疗作用。美国的“杜松子酒”、法国的“斗姆酒”和“哈姆酒”等等都与我国的“食疗”医药有关,由此可见“食疗”也受世界各地人民的重视被普遍应用。据不完全统计,新加坡人(2006年)用于食疗的费用达6500万美元。
专家们预言:今后保健方面的重大突破主要不是来自医药的新发明,而是来自更加合理的饮食结构和生活方式,我们认为专家们所说的“饮食结构”其实包含了具有食疗作用的“功能食品”。
“药食同源”和“药食同用”就是我们熟知的,如我们常吃的红枣、黑芝麻、银耳、莲子等等,既是美味食品,又是治病的药物。它们内含成分具有调节人体生理平衡的作用。当人体生理发生改变(失衡)或遭到感染(病菌入侵)时就失去调节能力而患病。此时如给予相应的功能食品,就能促使其恢复调节能力,达到防病和治病的目的,如患风寒感冒,熬点生姜葱白汤喝;口舌生疮喝点绿豆汤......诸如此类,不胜枚举。
“食疗”和“食治(病)”是我国珍贵的医药遗产,早在公元前579年就发现用酒曲治肠胃病,战国前就有饮食治病的文字记载,从商周到明、清时代,专门记载饮食治病的专著有600多种,由此足证食疗的功效。
发明内容
为了得到具有食疗功能的、方便携带的食品,本发明的目的是提供一种利用黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干的方法,解决了药食同源和滋补保健的以及方便携带的需求。本发明中所用的植物,均含有人体所需的特殊物质,对疾病的预防、体质的提高具有明显作用,可调节人体阴阳平衡,全面滋养提高抵抗力,延缓衰老,是滋补保健良品。
本发明所用的各组合物选择依据及其成分、功能简述:
1、黄秋葵
学名Hibiacus esculengtus属锦葵科,一年生草本植物。黄秋葵又名秋葵,羊角豆,植物伟哥等,原产非洲,早在2000多年前埃及已有栽培,以后逐渐扩种(引入)美国、日本、东南亚等地,我国古代已有黄秋葵的种植,自上世纪我国江苏、山东、北京等地扩大栽种并训育成当地品种,如:北京黄秋葵、北京红秋葵等近20多个在各地栽种,如小松菜-地刀豆-黄秋葵的间(套)种,产量很多,山东将园葱和黄秋葵的间(套)种。
黄秋葵的果荚、种子、嫩叶都可作为蔬菜食用;尤其嫩果荚中含有水溶性纤维果胶、半乳聚糖、阿拉伯树胶等成分的粘滑液体,具特殊的香气。还含有丰富的维生素A、Vb、Vc以及Fe、K、P、Zn、Cu等元素,其蛋白质含量达15%~26%、碳水化合物为6.4%、脂肪2%、纤维素1%每100克可提供150千焦的热量,具体成分如下表1
黄秋葵嫩荚营养成分表(每100克含量) 表1
成分名称 | 含量 | 成分名称 | 含量 | 成分名称 | 含量 |
可食部 | 88 | 水分(克) | 86.2 | 能量(千卡) | 37 |
能量(千焦) | 155 | 蛋白质(克) | 2 | 脂肪(克) | 0.1 |
碳水化合物(克) | 11 | 膳食纤维(克) | 3.9 | 胆固醇(毫克) | 0 |
灰份(克) | 0.7 | 维生素A(毫克) | 52 | 胡萝卜素(毫克) | 310 |
视黄醇(毫克) | 0 | 硫胺素(微克) | 0.05 | 核黄素(毫克) | 0.09 |
尼克酸(毫克) | 1 | 维生素C(毫克) | 4 | 维生素(T)(毫克) | 1.03 |
a-E | 0.92 | (β-γ)-E | 0.11 | δ-E | 0 |
钙(毫克) | 45 | 磷(毫克) | 65 | 钾(毫克) | 95 |
钠(毫克) | 3.9 | 镁(毫克) | 29 | 铁(毫克) | 0.1 |
锌(毫克) | 0.23 | 硒(毫克) | 0.51 | 铜(毫克) | 0.07 |
锰(毫克) | 0.28 | 碘(毫克) | 0 |
其中特别(殊)粘滑的液体能明显加强人体的精力,驱散疲劳,更能有效地刺激男性中枢神经,加速血液循环,促进新陈代谢,使全身器官微循环血管活化,尤以阴茎海绵体......另外混有其它成分的粘液还能帮助消化,治疗胃炎、胃溃疡、心脏病、中风、骨质疏松及老年痴呆(阿尔茨海默病)症。对皮肤(尤以面部)也具有祛皱、光滑细腻之效。
2、菌类植物
2.1、蛹虫草
蛹虫草的成分功能,依据我们已获准的国家专利:
A、李祥麟等“抗衰老药物组合物及其制法”,专利号ZL02121396.8国际专利分类号:A61K35/78;
B、李祥麟等“提高运动员体能的藻菌食品及其制备方法”,专利号ZL03153155.5国际专利分类号:A23L1/28;
C、杨杰,李祥麟等“利用蛹虫草茧制备保健食品胶囊的方法”,专利号201210394933.4;
D、杨杰,李祥麟等“用蛹虫草茧提取物制备保健食品(疗)之营业露酒的方法”,专利号201210394729.X;
E、杨杰,李祥麟等“用蛹虫草茧提取物制备保健食品之营养料饮料及冲剂的方法”,专利号201210393512.X;
其成分功能已在上列专利内都已说明,本文不再赘述。
2.2、猴头菇
猴头菇蛋白质含量较高,每百克含蛋白质26.3克,含较高的多糖、矿物质和维生素,18种氨基酸(其中有8种是人体必须的)麸氨酸含量特别高(0.64mg/g),猴头菇含不饱和脂肪酸,能降低血胆固醇和甘油三酯含量,调节血脂,利于血液循环,是心血管患者的理想食品;多糖类物质等活性物质抑制幽门螺旋杆菌(胃癌),具有提高肌体免疫力,延缓衰老;每百克猴头含脂肪4.2克,是名副其实的高蛋白、低脂肪食品,另外还富含各种维生素和无机盐。猴头菇有增进食欲,增强胃粘膜屏障机能,提高淋巴细胞转化率,提升白细胞等作用。故可以使人体提高对疾病的免疫能力;猴头菇中含有多种氨基酸和丰富的多糖体,能助消化,对胃炎、胃癌、食道癌、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡等消化道疾病、浅表性胃炎、神经衰弱、眩晕、阳痿等病症具有疗效,并对治疗肠癌有辅助作用;年老体弱者食用猴头菇,有滋补强身的作用;其含有的多糖体、多肽类及脂肪物质,能抑制癌细胞中遗传物质的合成,从而预防和治疗消化道癌症和其他恶性肿瘤;猴头还是良好的滋补食品,对神经衰弱、消化道溃疡有良好疗效。在抗癌药物筛选中,发现其对皮肤、肌肉癌肿有明显抗癌功效。所以常吃猴头菇,无病可以增强抗病能力,有病可以治疗疾病的作用;据《中国药用真菌》载,猴头菇味甘、性平,能利五脏、助消化,滋补,对消化道疾病—-胃及十二指肠溃疡,神经衰弱有良好的疗效。目前已将其制成多种食品和药品。中医认为,猴头菇性平味甘,有利五脏、助消化、滋补身体等功效。20世纪70年代以来,现代医学陆续证明猴头菌有良好的药用价值,临床应用表明,猴头菇可治疗消化不良、胃溃疡、胃窦炎、胃痛、胃胀及神经衰弱等疾病。而轻度神经衰弱患者,食用猴头菇不失为较好的辅助治疗。在临床应用上面,采用猴头菇进行治疗,对于轻度或是重度神经衰弱均可取得较为显著理想的疗效。
2.3、茯苓
含茯苓酸,β-茯苓聚糖,三萜类化合物乙烯茯苓酸以及树胶,甲壳质,蛋白质,脂肪,卵磷脂,葡萄糖,腺嘌呤,组氨酸,胆碱,β-茯苓聚糖分解酶,脂肪酶,蛋白酶等,所含茯苓酸具有增强免疫力、抗肿瘤以及镇静、降血糖等的作用;茯苓中的主要成分为茯苓聚糖,含量很高。对多种细菌有抑制作用;能降胃酸,对消化道溃疡有预防效果;对肝损伤有明显的保护作用;有抗肿瘤的作用;能多方面对免疫功能进行调节;能使化疗所致白细胞减少加速回升;并有镇静的作用;主治渗湿利水,益脾和胃,宁心安神,治小便不理,水肿胀(满),痰饮呕吐,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘,降血糖等功能;抗癌,临床常用治疗食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、鼻咽癌、舌癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、溃疡性黑色素瘤等癌瘤中属脾虚湿盛、痰饮内停、湿热壅结者等。
2.4、灵芝
灵芝内含K,P,Mg,Ca,Na,Fe,Cu,Mn及锗、硒等多种元素以及灵芝三萜核苷酸。氨基酸多肽、酶、多糖等,目前已从灵芝中分离出灵芝多糖200多种,其中大部分是β-葡萄聚糖、研究证实该多糖可抑制自由基的产生,增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,提高机体耐缺氧,增强SOD超氧化酶的活性,抑制氧自由基产生和红细胞脂质过氧化反应,提高肝、骨髓、血液合成DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)和RNA(核糖核酸)蛋白质的能力;灵芝多糖是灵芝的主要有效成分之一,具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖、抗氧化、降血脂与抗衰老作用。灵芝所含三萜类不下百余种,其中以四环三萜类为主,灵芝的苦味与所含三萜类有关,三萜类也是灵芝的有效成分之一,对人肝癌细胞具有细胞毒作用,也能抑制组织胺的释放,具有保肝作用和具有抗过敏作用等;属于传统珍贵药材,具备很高的药用价值,经过科研机构数十年的现代药理学研究证实,灵芝对于增强人体免疫力,调节血糖,控制血压,辅助肿瘤放化疗,保肝护肝,促进睡眠等方面均具有显著疗效。
3藻类植物
3.1、螺旋藻(节旋藻)的成分功能,依据我们已获批的国家专利:
A、曾昭琪、李祥麟等“节(螺)旋藻保健食品组合物及其制法”,专利号CN94112205.0;
B、曾昭琪、李祥麟等“钝顶节(螺)旋藻蛋白及其应用”专利号:CN94109295.X;
C、李祥麟等“解酒营养料(饮料)、醒酒胶囊的制作方法,专利号:ZL200410090707.2,其成分功能已在上列专利内说明,本文不再重述。
3.2、紫菜
其蛋白质、铁、磷、钙、核黄素、胡萝卜素等含量居各种蔬菜之冠,故紫菜又有“营养宝库”的美称。每100克内含蛋白质28.2克、脂肪0.2克、碳水化合物48.5克、Ca343mg、p457mg、Fe33.2mg、胡萝卜素1.23mg、维生素B11.8mg、VB22.07mg、尼克酸5.1mg、维生素C1.0mg、碘1.8mg,现在研究证实紫菜内VA的含量是牛奶的67倍,特别是碘含量更高,这既预防地方性甲状腺肿大又可除去人体内血管壁上的胆固醇,预防心脑肾血管硬化预防白发和秃发;紫菜还具有化痰软坚、清热利水、补肾养心的功效;营养丰富,含碘量很高,可用于治疗因缺碘引起的“甲状腺肿大”,紫菜有软坚散结功能,对其它郁结积块也有用途;富含胆碱和钙、铁、能增强记忆、治疗妇女贫血、促进骨骼、牙齿的生长和保健;含有一定量的甘露醇,可作为治疗水肿的辅助食品;紫菜所含的多糖具有明显增强细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,可促进淋巴细胞转化,提高机体的免疫力;可显著降低进血清胆固醇的总含量;紫菜的有效成分对艾氏癌的抑制率53.2%,有助于脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤等肿瘤的防治。
营养分析:(1)蛋白质和氨基酸紫菜的生命活性物质,对于植物生命活动非常重要。食用紫菜一般蛋白质含量24%-28%,远远高于一般的蔬菜,且人体所必需的氨基酸含量多。紫菜蛋白质的组成氨基酸如丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸等中性、酸性氨基酸较多,这是所有陆生蔬菜植物所没有的特征。
(2)脂肪与陆生植物相比,紫菜的脂肪含量低,多在1%以下,紫菜的脂肪中,饱和脂肪酸的软脂酸占绝大多数,约为20%;肉豆葱酸,硬脂酸含量较少,分别占2%;对人体有很好保健作用的不饱和脂肪—亚油酸、亚麻酸或十八碳四烯酸含量较多,为10%——30%,且C20以上的高度不饱和脂肪酸也有一定的含量。更优的是紫菜中被人们比喻为“脑黄金”的二十碳五烯酸含量高达30%。
(3)维生素紫菜含有多种维生素,B族维生素的含量与蔬菜相比毫不逊色。紫菜中B族维生素特别是在陆生植物中几乎不存在的维生素B12的含量很高,以干物计,维生素B12的含量与鱼肉相近,维生素C的含量也很高。维生素B12有活跃脑神经,预防衰老和记忆力衰退,改善忧郁症之功效。
(4)无机质由于海水蕴含极为丰富的无机成份,而紫菜又具有吸收和积蓄海水中无机质的功能,因些紫菜中的无机质含量极为丰富。
3.3、海带
海带含有人体多种必须的蛋白质、氨基酸、脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸等维生素B120.7ug%、B2810mg%胡萝卜素0.77%、水溶性氯化钾、碘、钙、溴、藻胶酸、昆布素、甘露醇、无机盐、有机酸、亚麻酸甲醇、植物醇、棕榈酸、岩藻甾醇、天羁萜、里麦草内脂、多糖等,药理:1、可纠正甲状腺机能不足;2、可促进病理产物(炎症)渗出物的吸收;3、降血压:海带氨酸及钾盐、钙元素可降低人体对胆固醇的吸收,降低血压;4、平喘镇咳;5、补钙:海带含有丰富的钙,可防治人体缺钙;6、美容:海带汁可以美容养颜,用海带熬成的汤汁泡澡,可以润泽肌肤,使皮肤清爽细滑,光洁美丽;7、减肥:海带含有大量的膳食纤维,可以增加肥胖者的饱腹感,而且海带脂肪含量非常低,热量小,是肥胖者减肥的食物;8、延缓衰老:海带富含有硒,能有效清除自由基,而自由基正是人体衰老的罪魁祸首,所以海带可以延缓衰老的作用。9、抑制癌细胞;海带所含的海藻酸钠与具致癌作用的锶、镉有很强的结合能力,并将它们排出体外;海带可选择性杀灭或抑制肠道内能够产生致癌物的细菌,所含的纤维还能促进胆汁酸和胆固醇的排出;海带提取物对各种癌细胞有直接抑制作用;10、抗辐射:海带的提取物海带多糖因抑制免疫细胞凋亡而具有抗辐射作用;现代医学研究证实其提取物藻胶酸钠有止血作用,预防白血病、骨痛病、减少放性元素被肠道吸收。
配料蔬菜选用有机栽培的适时蔬菜,其功能随选择之品种而有差距;如选用芹菜其含有蛋白质、多种游离氨基酸、Ca、P、Fe等,尤以所含之挥发油包括α-蒎烯、β--蒎烯、月桂烯、其功能清热,利水,降压、祛脂。呈翠绿色浓浆,常用于高血压、高血脂(胆固醇),糖尿病,月经不调,白带恶臭,风湿神经痛等;
又如苋菜,含蛋白质、碳水化合物、Ca、P、Fe、维生素C等,而红苋含K、Mg、Na、Cl等均较丰富,具有清热解毒、止泻收敛之功效,用于治疗产前赤白痢,治漆疮瘙痒、淋症,毒蛇咬伤,小腿溃疡、其浓浆呈红紫色。《随息居饮食谱》认为其“补气、清热、明目,滑胎,利大小肠”;《嘉祐图经本草》“赤苋微寒,故主血病”。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干,以重量份数计其组份为:
主料40-60,配料15-25,辅料25-40;
所述的主料含面粉或米粉或二者混合50%,黄秋葵、菌、藻提取的营养料50%;
所述的配料为适时蔬菜的蔬菜泥;
所述的辅料为油脂、水、鸡蛋、已溶解糖液、小苏打。
本发明还公开了一种用于主料配制的黄秋葵、菌、藻提取营养料的方法:
1)称取黄秋葵30-50份,菌15-35份,藻35-50份,各原料粉碎(过100目筛)混合得到混合料;所述的黄秋葵采用绿色有机栽种的黄秋葵,所述的菌采用蛹虫草、猴头菇、茯苓、灵芝的任一种或组合,所述的藻采用螺旋藻(极大螺旋藻或钝顶螺旋藻)、紫菜、海带的任一种或组合;
2)取步骤1混合料加水10倍,以NaOH调PH值7-9,使液温保持30-40℃,加入淀粉酶(混合料重量的5-8%),作用10-14小时;
3)在步骤2得到的溶液内加入蜗牛酶(混合料重量的2-3%),作用6-8小时;
4)将步骤3的溶液浓缩至原体积的1/8,加入含石灰20%的石灰乳,调节PH值至12,滤取沉淀,使之混悬于2倍量95%乙醇中,加入50%H2SO4调PH值至3-4搅匀,过滤,滤液加40%NaOH调PH值至6.5-7.0,再过滤,滤液真空微波干燥即成营养料(备用)。
本发明还公开了一种黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)取面粉或米粉或二者混合50%,上述营养料50%混合得到主料40-60份;
2)取适时蔬菜去杂,清洗,用100℃沸水焯水(约3-5秒),取出迅速用冷水冷却,磨桨机打磨成浆得到配料15-25份;蔬菜选用有机栽培的绿色蔬菜或根茎蔬菜均可;
3)上述1、2合并加入辅料25-40份,放入和面机和面,静置醒发,辊轧,成型;
4)对上述压制成型的饼干胚进烤箱烘烤,冷却(不可强制通风,防止温度下降过速),检验,包装。
5)灭菌:采用微波杀菌或巴士灭菌技术对包装好的饼干灭菌,装箱即可。
本发明的优点是:1.选择具有一定功能的植物、药食两用食品;2.用酶化技术萃取/提取各种物品中的有效成分;3.在已经申请专利的基础上,经进一步加工,制成饼干/食品;4.其符合药食同源,以食治病(预防)的目的,通过日常饮食改善亚健康状态,预防或者通过饮食来治疗或辅助治疗某些疾病;5.本发明的配方简单易取,制备工艺科学、先进,可批量生产,制成品有效成分高,既可作为食疗品也可作为滋补品服用,具有治疗和预防疾病的功能。
附图说明
附图1是本发明的制作工艺流程图。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的叙述。
具体实施方式
实施例,参考附图:一种黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干,以重量份数计其组份为:
主料40-60,配料15-25,辅料25-40;
所述的主料含面粉或米粉二者混合50%,黄秋葵、菌、藻提取的营养料50%;
所述的配料为适时蔬菜的蔬菜泥;
所述的辅料为油脂、水、鸡蛋、已溶解糖液、小苏打。
本实施例还公开了一种用于主料配制的黄秋葵、菌、藻提取营养料的方法:
1)称取黄秋葵30-50份,菌15-35份,藻35-50份,各原料粉碎(过100目筛)混合得到混合料;所述的黄秋葵采用绿色有机栽种的黄秋葵,所述的菌采用蛹虫草、猴头菇、茯苓、灵芝的任一种或组合,所述的藻采用螺旋藻(极大螺旋藻或钝顶螺旋藻)、紫菜、海带的任一种或组合;
2)取步骤1混合料加水10倍,以NaOH调PH值7-9,使液温保持30-40℃,加入淀粉酶(混合料重量的5-8%),作用10-14小时;
3)在步骤2得到的溶液内加入蜗牛酶(混合料重量的2-3%),作用6-8小时;
4)将步骤3的溶液浓缩至原体积的1/8,加入含石灰20%的石灰乳,调节PH值至12,滤取沉淀,使之混悬于2倍量95%乙醇中,加入50%H2SO4调PH值至3-4搅匀,过滤,滤液加40%NaOH调PH值至6.5-7.0,再过滤,滤液真空微波干燥即成营养料(备用)。
本实施例还公开了一种功能饼干的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)取面粉或米粉二者混合50%,上述营养料50%混合得到主料40-60份;
2)取适时蔬菜去杂,清洗,用100℃沸水焯水(约3-5秒),取出迅速用冷水冷却,磨桨机打磨成浆得到配料15-25份;蔬菜选用有机栽培的绿色蔬菜或根茎蔬菜均可;
3)上述1、2合并加入辅料25-40份,放入和面机和面,静置醒发,辊轧,成型(同一般饼干制作工艺流程);
4)对上述压制成型的饼干胚进烤箱烘烤,冷却(不可强制通风,防止温度下降过速),检验,包装。
灭菌:采用微波杀菌或巴士灭菌技术对包装好的饼干灭菌,装箱即可。
本发明的饼干的质量(要求)指标:
1、感官呈浅绿色或者淡红色,色泽均匀,具有黄秋葵、蛹虫草、螺旋藻特有之独特的芳香味;
2、理化指标:脂肪酸值(湿基)≤80;
3、卫生:无杂质、无霉变、无异味、无虫害、无污染;
4、微生物:细菌总数≤1000个/克,大肠菌群≤30个/100g,致病菌不得检出。
功能:提高免疫力,增强耐力、体力,降压,降脂,消炎,镇痛等。
中医在辩证施治时,非常重视用量。对不同的疾病、不同的病人甚至同一个疾病不同的患者,虽用同一种药物,但其数量却不一样,甚至差距很大;数量是关键,这也是我们在数十载的研究功能食品中探索得到的结果。
本发明得到的饼干的相关的研究及实验:在完成急性毒性实验“50LD”和Ames实验无毒副作用的前提下进行动物实验和志愿者的临床观察。各项测试结果如下:
1.本发明的功能饼干所做的动物实验/方法
(1)抗疲劳实验
A:游泳实验:取体重20-25克的小白鼠30只,随机分成2组,甲组饲喂一般食物(作对照):乙组饲喂功能饼干,每天两次,每次每只鼠喂食品2克,水3ML连续20天后,将2组小白鼠同时分别投入水缸中,观察记录它们的游泳时间,结果如下表所示:
小白鼠抗疲劳对比试验 表2
饲喂天数 | 甲组(平均分钟) | 乙组(平均分钟) |
1 | 8.2 | 8.0 |
3 | 8.4 | 8.3 |
5 | 8.1 | 8.5 |
7 | 8.0 | 8.8 |
9 | 8.0 | 8.7 |
15 | 8.2 | 9.4 |
20 | 8.2 | 10.6 |
从上表可见,饲喂1-3天内,2组小鼠的游泳时间相近,无多大区别,到第七天时,饲喂功能饼干的乙组小鼠的游泳时间已比对照组多0.5分钟,至20天时延长(增加)2.4分钟。同时它们的延长时间的趋势是逐渐加大的,相对平稳。这表明功能饼干有延缓疲劳的作用。
B:爬杆(能力)试验:将甲乙2组小鼠置于旋转速度16转/分钟,直径2.5CM的木质圆杆上,观察它们在杆上爬行的时间,结果如下:
小白鼠能力对比试验 表3
饲喂天数 | 甲组(平均分钟) | 乙组(平均分钟) |
1 | 28 | 25 |
3 | 29 | 28 |
5 | 30 | 31 |
7 | 32 | 35 |
9 | 33 | 38 |
11 | 44 | 54 |
15 | 43 | 58 |
20 | 44 | 64 |
从上表可见,饲喂始初,2组小鼠耐力相近,从第7天起,乙组小鼠的爬杆能力逐渐加强,至第20天时已对比照组延长20分钟,这表明固体功能饮料可使小鼠的耐力增强。同时,动物实验也提示,固体功能饮料需连续较长期服用,短期饮用效果不明显。
C:耐高低温实验:取雄性6周健康小白鼠30只,每只体重21±2g,随机分成2组,每组15只为一组,每天饲喂分别为:
1组:每天饲喂5ml/22g(饮用水)体重+饲料2g(对照组);
2组:每天饲喂饮用水5ml/22g体重+功能饼干的食品2g(功能饼干组);
功能饼干对小白鼠高低温游泳存活时间的影响 表4
*P<0.05,P<0.01
实验结果:功能饼干组在43度水中游泳存活时间延长199.22%(P<0.01),在8度水中游泳时间延长73.50%(P<0.01)。这表明功能饼干食品能明显提高小鼠在43度、8度水中被动游泳的存活时间并呈量效关系,提示具明显的应急能力和动态耐力。
D、改善机体肠胃功能的作用:取雄性健康小白鼠30只,随机分成2组,每组15只,每天饲喂分别为:
1组:每天饲喂生理盐水0.5ML/21g+普通饲料(对照组)
2组:每天饲喂同量的水和功能饼干;连续饲喂8天,第9天禁食24小时,第10天饲喂上列饮料食品后25分钟,再灌服黑色碳餐(5%活性炭,1.2%琼脂)0.5ML/21g体重,15分钟后,颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,小心取出小鼠胃贲门,至直肠末端一段消化道,无牵拉地平铺地板上,测量这段消化道全长的距离(A)以及贲门到碳粉未端的距离(B),统计每组小鼠碳粉在消化道移动的百分率=B/A*100%,结果如下表所示:
功能饼干对肠胃蠕动的影响 表5
组别 | 碳餐移动率(%) | 增加百分率(%) |
生理盐水组 | 35.39±3.87 | ------- |
功能饼干组 | 59.85±4.48 | 69.12 |
实验结果表明:功能饼干明显促进肠胃蠕动,碳餐移动增加率高达69.12%,P<0.05,差异显著,且具明显的量效关系。
E、增强记忆力实验:将A组(喂一般食品)B组(喂功能饼干)小鼠通过十字高架迷路实验,穿梭箱行为的实验进行系统观察后表面,B组鼠的记忆力比A组有明显的提高。
实验证明,用黄秋葵、藻、菌制成的功能饼干,有明显的抑制丙二醛的生成和单胺氧化酶A的作用,可增加SOD的活性,提高免疫力增加红细胞数量;促进胃肠蠕动;提高耐缺氧力,增强肌力和耐力;补充体(力)能和体液,加强创伤的修复作用。
2.人类实践/应用试验
在动物试验取得明显的基础上,先后经江苏、上海、安徽等地50名志愿者的间断服食试用,他们的身体素质都有不同程度的改善、提高。尤以运动员在激烈的(训练)比赛中,高度兴奋的状态下,代谢作用加速过程中产生一种极具强烈氧化作用的基因—自由基。在细胞内自由基超过一定数量时,对人体产生影响和损伤。它使细胞膜变性,变质,使遗传信息发生错误,使蛋白质丧失应有的生物学功能(疲劳)等并破坏物质代谢的规律(体内乳酸聚集等)。
功能饼干不仅营养丰富均衡,而且还独特地含有黄秋葵、藻、菌类多糖等等(这类物质优于单糖类-葡萄糖、果糖等)和适量的无机盐及微量元素、维生素等可补充因大量出汗损失的无机盐等物质,同时其渗透压越低,能快速通过胃进入肠,尽快地被吸收,从而补充体能消耗。
实验表明,运动员处于“相对静止(不训练比赛)状态时,即运动前的血糖(平均含量为4.2±3mg/L,从(活动)训练开始,血糖就逐渐上升,到45分钟时血糖上升到22±2mg/L,达到最高值,以后渐渐下降,直至(活动)训练结束时,血糖仍保持在9--11mg/L之间,始终高于(活动)训练前的水平。再经过(相对静止)2小时后即可恢复到原来(没有活动,训练时)的水平,其结果如下表所示:
运动前后运动员的血糖变化对比 表8
本发明改善了传统饼干的缺点,一般(传统)饼干气营养单调,主要以糖、油脂为原料制成对人体健康不利的高热能的“垃圾”食品;
本品在“饼干”的原料(面粉)中增加了各种营养物质,减少糖、油脂用量,使其具有一定的食疗功能;
本发明无任何添加剂,色素为纯天然,且可制成适合不同人群口味、习惯、多品种,通过日常食用可以改善亚健康状态,预防或者通过食物来治疗或辅助治疗某些疾病。本发明配方简单易取,制备工艺科学、先进,可批量生产,制成品有效成分高,即可作为食疗品也可作为滋补品服用,可治疗和预防疾病的功能。
Claims (3)
1.一种黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干,以重量份数计其组份为:
主料40-60份,配料15-25份,辅料25-40份;
所述的主料含面粉或米粉50%,黄秋葵、菌、藻提取的营养料50%;
所述的配料为适时蔬菜的蔬菜泥;
所述的辅料为油脂、水、鸡蛋、已溶解糖液、小苏打。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能饼干,其特征在于,所述的黄秋葵、菌、藻提取营养料的方法为:
1)称取黄秋葵30-50份,菌15-35份,藻35-50份,各原料粉碎(过100目筛)混合得到混合料;所述的黄秋葵采用绿色有机栽种的黄秋葵,所述的菌采用蛹虫草、猴头菇、茯苓、灵芝的任一种或组合,所述的藻采用螺旋藻(极大螺旋藻或钝顶螺旋藻)、紫菜、海带的任一种或组合;
2)取步骤1混合料加水10倍,以NaOH调PH值7-9,使液温保持30-40℃,加入淀粉酶(混合料重量的5-8%),作用10-14小时;
3)在步骤2得到的溶液内加入蜗牛酶(混合料重量的2-3%),作用6-8小时;
4)将步骤3的溶液浓缩至原体积的1/8,加入含石灰20%的石灰乳,调节PH值至12,滤取沉淀,使之混悬于2倍量95%乙醇中,加入50%H2SO4调PH值至3-4搅匀,过滤,滤液加40%NaOH调PH值至6.5-7.0,再过滤,滤液真空微波干燥即成营养料(备用)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的黄秋葵、菌、藻植物组合物制作功能性饼干的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
1)取面粉或米粉50%,上述营养料50%混合得到主料40-60份;
2)取适时蔬菜去杂,清洗,用100℃沸水焯水(约3-5秒),取出迅速用冷水冷却,磨桨机打磨成浆得到配料15-25份;
3)上述1、2合并加入辅料25-40份,放入和面机和面,静置醒发,辊轧,成型;
4)对上述压制成型的饼干胚进烤箱烘烤,冷却(不可强制通风,防止温度下降过速),检验,包装,成品。
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