CN104399221A - Method for biodegradation of pesticide residual liquid by using edible fungus chaff - Google Patents
Method for biodegradation of pesticide residual liquid by using edible fungus chaff Download PDFInfo
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- CN104399221A CN104399221A CN201410560949.7A CN201410560949A CN104399221A CN 104399221 A CN104399221 A CN 104399221A CN 201410560949 A CN201410560949 A CN 201410560949A CN 104399221 A CN104399221 A CN 104399221A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/02—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by biological methods, i.e. processes using enzymes or microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/04—Pesticides, e.g. insecticides, herbicides, fungicides or nematocides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A method for biodegradation of a pesticide residual liquid by using edible fungus chaff comprises the following steps: respectively naturally air-drying the edible fungus chaff, surface soil and straw, and then crushing or chopping; mixing the edible fungus chaff, the surface soil and the straw evenly to obtain a mixed matrix, and adding water to make the water content be 60% of the maximal water-holding capacity; curing the mixed matrix for 10 days at the room temperature; filling the cured mixed matrix into a pesticide degradation reactor; arranging the pesticide degradation reactor near a farmland; and evenly spraying a pesticide on the surface of the pesticide degradation reactor, and making the pesticide biodegraded by the edible fungus chaff in the pesticide degradation reactor. The method has the advantages that the method is simple in process, easy to operate, and high in pesticide degradation effect; the used raw materials of the mixed matrix are rich in sources and low in price; and the method not only reduces the effects of pesticide point source pollution on soil and surface water, but also effectively utilizes waste, protects the ecological environment, is obvious in economic and technical effects, and is applicable to vigorous popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to degradation of pesticide technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing edible fungus bran degrading pesticide raffinate.
Background technology
For a long time due to the improper process of agricultural chemicals in application, the agricultural chemicals stoste of a large amount of high concentration with agricultural chemicals in dilution, be fillingly discharged in soil or water body to spray appliance, process such as cleaning spray appliance, residues of banned pesticides process etc., because these processes generally all concentrate on fixing place, farmland, thus high concentration multiple agricultural chemicals point source emission causes the severe contamination of surface water, underground water and soil.
Biological bed technology is a kind of novel agrochemical microbial technology, has the feature of low cost, high efficiency, easily operational management, comes into operation in developed countries such as Sweden at present.In order to prevent or administer the point-source pollution of agricultural chemicals, 1993, Castiillo and Torstensson invent a kind of simple, be easy to operate, economic field biological repair system, object is to collect pesticide sewage and to its degraded, this system is called biological bed.Biological bed be one to be arranged in farmland but with surrounding soil independently reactor, soil, stalk and the peat composed of rotten mosses is utilized to form biological mixed-matrix, both for the microbial growth breeding of degradation of pesticide provides control environment, there is again good agricultural chemicals suction-operated, realized the fast degradation of agricultural chemicals.
The ability of biological bed degrading pesticide determines primarily of biologic packing material mixture.Generally, biologic packing material mixture is evenly made up of stalk, the peat composed of rotten mosses and the topsoil volume mixture by 50%:25%:25%.In biologic packing material mixture, each several part plays a part different.By the impact of price, current much research concentrate on select other to be easy to get, cheap material carrys out alternative peat.Edible fungus bran refers to that the various edible mushroom of cultivation is later remaining and through the organic solid castoff of microbial decomposition, the various metabolite wherein containing edible mushroom and the microbiologic population of substantial amounts and residual mycelium.Along with the development of China's mushroom industry, a large amount of edible fungus brans is had to produce every year.Calculate by edible fungus biology efficiency average 40%, national edible fungi residue total output about 4,570 ten thousand tons in 2008, enormous amount, but how environmental protection is carried out to bacterium slag and effectively process. be but never well solved.Utilize edible fungus bran degrading pesticide raffinate, there is not been reported for the technology of waste liquid.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned existing problems, provide a kind of method utilizing edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate, the method technique is simple, be easy to operation, degradation of pesticide effect is high; The abundant raw material source of mixed-matrix used, cheap; Not only reduce agricultural chemicals point-source pollution to soil and earth's surface water mitigation, and effectively make use of discarded object, preserve the ecological environment.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
Utilize a method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate, step is as follows:
1) by edible fungus bran natural air drying, being then crushed to granularity is 10-18 order;
2) by topsoil natural air drying, being then crushed to granularity is 10-18 order;
3) by stalk natural air drying, the particle of 1-5cm is then cut into;
4) edible fungus bran after above-mentioned process, topsoil and stalk are mixed, obtain mixed-matrix, measure the maximum water-holding capacity of mixed-matrix, add water and make the water content of mixed-matrix be 60% of maximum water-holding capacity;
5) by the at room temperature slaking of the mixed-matrix after above-mentioned adding water 10 days, between the maturation period, moisturizing every day is to keep the humidity of mixed-matrix;
6) loaded by the mixed-matrix after slaking in the container got ready in advance, form degradation of pesticide reactor, the mixed-matrix filler degree of depth is 0.8-1.2 rice, and per hectare farmland needs 1-2 cubic meter mixed-matrix filler;
7) be arranged near farmland by degradation of pesticide reactor, arrange rain-proof cover in the open in case rainfall affects mixed-matrix humidity under condition, lawn is laid to reduce moisture evaporation in mixed-matrix surface;
8) waste liquid during applications of pesticide, raffinate and washing lotion are sprayed at degradation of pesticide reactor surface uniformly, make it in degradation of pesticide reactor by edible fungus bran biodegradation.
Described edible fungus bran refers to the organic solid castoff that the various edible mushroom of cultivation is left later.
Described topsoil refers to gets the dark topsoil of 1-5cm on the soil of farming.
Described stalk is wheat stalk or maize straw.
In described mixed-matrix, the mass percent of edible fungus bran and topsoil is 20-30%, and stalk is surplus.
Described degradation of pesticide reactor is the container of arbitrary shape, container bottom and surrounding sealing, and top is opened wide; Container material quality is metal, plastics, timber or cement.
Edible fungus bran of the present invention is all kinds of edible fungi, comprise and can not only substitute the effect that the peat composed of rotten mosses plays controlled humidity in mixed-matrix, also because it contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, for microbial growth provides necessary nutriment, and the secretion of microbial pesticide digestive enzyme can be promoted, therefore it is more conducive to the degraded of agricultural chemicals than the peat composed of rotten mosses.Stalk to degradation of pesticide degree and microbial activity particularly important, it is also as the inoculation source of degradation of pesticide microorganism, other nutrition composition such as carbon source, nitrogenous source that growth can be provided necessary for microorganism, and lignin can be provided to promote the secretion of microbial pesticide digestive enzyme.
Advantage of the present invention is:
The method technique is simple, be easy to operation, and degradation of pesticide effect is high; The abundant raw material source of mixed-matrix used, cheap; Not only reduce agricultural chemicals point-source pollution to soil and earth's surface water mitigation, and effectively make use of discarded object, preserve the ecological environment, economy and technique effect obviously, are suitable for wideling popularize application.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, method of the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment:
Utilize a method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate, step is as follows:
1) by edible fungus bran natural air drying, being then crushed to granularity is 10-18 order, and described edible fungus bran refers to the organic solid castoff that the various edible mushroom of cultivation is left later;
2) by topsoil natural air drying, being then crushed to granularity is 10-18 order, and described topsoil refers to gets the dark topsoil of 1-5cm on the soil of farming;
3) by wheat stalk natural air drying, the particle of 1-5cm is then cut into;
4) edible fungus bran after above-mentioned process, topsoil and stalk are mixed, obtain mixed-matrix, the mass percent of mixed-matrix is: edible fungus bran 25%, topsoil 25%, wheat stalk 50%, measure the maximum water-holding capacity of mixed-matrix, add water and make the water content of mixed-matrix be 60% of maximum water-holding capacity;
5) by the at room temperature slaking of the mixed-matrix after above-mentioned adding water 10 days, between the maturation period, moisturizing every day is to keep the humidity of mixed-matrix;
6) loaded by the mixed-matrix after slaking in the container got ready in advance, form degradation of pesticide reactor, described degradation of pesticide reactor is bulge, container bottom and surrounding sealing, and top is opened wide; Container material quality is plastics, and the mixed-matrix filler degree of depth is 0.8 meter, and per hectare farmland loads 1 cubic metre of mixed-matrix filler;
7) be arranged near farmland by degradation of pesticide reactor, arrange rain-proof cover in the open in case rainfall affects mixed-matrix humidity under condition, lawn is laid to reduce moisture evaporation in mixed-matrix surface;
8) waste liquid during applications of pesticide, raffinate and washing lotion are sprayed at degradation of pesticide reactor surface uniformly, make it in degradation of pesticide reactor by edible fungus bran biodegradation.
Testing result shows: after 28 days, and in agricultural chemicals raffinate, the degradation rate of Bravo is 93.23%, and the degradation rate of Imidacloprid is 62.61%.
Claims (6)
1. utilize a method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
1) by edible fungus bran natural air drying, being then crushed to granularity is 10-18 order;
2) by topsoil natural air drying, being then crushed to granularity is 10-18 order;
3) by stalk natural air drying, the particle of 1-5cm is then cut into;
4) edible fungus bran after above-mentioned process, topsoil and stalk are mixed, obtain mixed-matrix, measure the maximum water-holding capacity of mixed-matrix, add water and make the water content of mixed-matrix be 60% of maximum water-holding capacity;
5) by the at room temperature slaking of the mixed-matrix after above-mentioned adding water 10 days, between the maturation period, moisturizing every day is to keep the humidity of mixed-matrix;
6) loaded by the mixed-matrix after slaking in the container got ready in advance, form degradation of pesticide reactor, the mixed-matrix filler degree of depth is 0.8-1.2 rice, and per hectare farmland needs 1-2 cubic meter mixed-matrix filler;
7) be arranged near farmland by degradation of pesticide reactor, arrange rain-proof cover in the open in case rainfall affects mixed-matrix humidity under condition, lawn is laid to reduce moisture evaporation in mixed-matrix surface;
8) waste liquid during applications of pesticide, raffinate and washing lotion are sprayed at degradation of pesticide reactor surface uniformly, make it in degradation of pesticide reactor by edible fungus bran biodegradation.
2. utilize the method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described edible fungus bran refers to the organic solid castoff that the various edible mushroom of cultivation is left later.
3. utilize the method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described topsoil refers to gets the dark topsoil of 1-5cm on the soil of farming.
4. utilize the method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stalk is wheat stalk or maize straw.
5. utilize the method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described mixed-matrix, the mass percent of edible fungus bran and topsoil is 20-30%, stalk is surplus.
6. utilize the method for edible fungus bran biodegradation agricultural chemicals raffinate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described degradation of pesticide reactor is the container of arbitrary shape, container bottom and surrounding sealing, top is opened wide; Container material quality is metal, plastics, timber or cement.
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| CN201410560949.7A CN104399221B (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | Method for biodegradation of pesticide residual liquid by using edible fungus chaff |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106416495A (en) * | 2016-09-04 | 2017-02-22 | 云南省能源研究院有限公司 | Method for effectively removing soil pesticide residues in microenvironment under plateau photovoltaic panel |
| CN110078310A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-02 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Degradation of pesticide is ecological bed and its biodegrading process |
| CN113058991A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-07-02 | 杨风 | In-situ remediation method for tobacco field organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide composite contaminated soil |
| CN113578955A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving hexachloro-pesticide hexachloro-cyclohexane degradation rate in soil |
| CN113578957A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving degradation rate of pyrimethanil serving as bactericide |
| CN114574371A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-03 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for degrading residual organochlorine pesticide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in straws by using stropharia rugoso-annulata |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106416495A (en) * | 2016-09-04 | 2017-02-22 | 云南省能源研究院有限公司 | Method for effectively removing soil pesticide residues in microenvironment under plateau photovoltaic panel |
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| CN110078310B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2024-03-05 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Pesticide degradation ecological bed and degradation method thereof |
| CN113058991A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-07-02 | 杨风 | In-situ remediation method for tobacco field organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide composite contaminated soil |
| CN113578955A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving hexachloro-pesticide hexachloro-cyclohexane degradation rate in soil |
| CN113578955B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving hexachloro-pesticide hexachloro-cyclohexane degradation rate in soil |
| CN113578957A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving degradation rate of pyrimethanil serving as bactericide |
| CN113578957B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2023-03-31 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method for improving degradation rate of pyrimethanil serving as bactericide |
| CN114574371A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-03 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for degrading residual organochlorine pesticide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in straws by using stropharia rugoso-annulata |
| CN114574371B (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-08-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for degrading residual organic chlorine pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in straw by utilizing stropharia rugoso-annulata |
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| CN104399221B (en) | 2017-05-10 |
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Address after: 300191 Tianjin city Nankai District Fukang Road No. 31 Patentee after: AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INSTITUTE, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE Address before: 300191 Tianjin city Nankai District Fukang Road No. 31 Patentee before: Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture |
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Effective date of registration: 20191030 Address after: 300191 No.31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin (Science and Technology Park) Patentee after: Tianjin Dongfang Green Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300191 Tianjin city Nankai District Fukang Road No. 31 Patentee before: AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INSTITUTE, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE |
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