CN104396579A - Method for grafting vertical tree and rapidly increasing crowns - Google Patents
Method for grafting vertical tree and rapidly increasing crowns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104396579A CN104396579A CN201410652122.9A CN201410652122A CN104396579A CN 104396579 A CN104396579 A CN 104396579A CN 201410652122 A CN201410652122 A CN 201410652122A CN 104396579 A CN104396579 A CN 104396579A
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- grafting
- scion
- chinese scholartree
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting vertical tree and rapidly increasing crowns. The method comprises a grafting step and a management step, and comprises the following specific steps: during grafting, longitudinally cutting the periphery of the cross section of a sophora japonica rootstock from top to bottom to form a plurality of interfaces which are annularly distributed uniformly, and grafting a vertical tree scion on each interface, wherein the interfaces go deep to xylems along the radial direction; during management, performing de-germination by taking the trunk of the sophora japonica rootstock as the center, keeping outer side buds of the vertical tree scions, and removing inner side buds; removing tops from side branches of the vertical tree scions and round side branches respectively, and growing a plurality of side branches from each vertical tree scion. The method for grafting vertical tree and rapidly increasing crowns has the advantages of high vertical tree cultivation speed and short molding time, and a required initial geometric tree can be finished the current year; the crown diameter is large and thick, crowns of different layers are richer and ideal, and the landscape value is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grafting trees technical field, particularly relate to a kind of utilization and Chinese scholartree (Sophora japonicaLinn.) scion grafting to Chinese scholar tree stock of hanging down makes grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down increase the method for hat fast.
Background technology
Build " beautiful, ecological China " and become whole society's common recognition, afforestation becomes the emphasis of territory greening.Be applicable to the view of the afforestation Chinese scholartree quantity required that hangs down huge, but the trees can selected for view are few, particularly well arranged, the plentiful grand trees of crown type are less especially.Hang down Chinese scholartree also known as Chinese pagoda tree, and be widely used in the middle of afforestation, vertical Chinese scholartree is that stock grafting comes usually with Chinese scholar tree, and 1 year spring, summer, Qiu Sanji can engrafting and cultivatings, scion grafting in spring, and summer budding, connects autumn flat son autumn; In nursery, street tree, view trees can carry out grafting; For individual plant Chinese scholar tree can complete crown grafting also can part grafting.But at present, the vertical Chinese scholartree ubiquity tree crown cultivated of conventional grafting management way not as primary to be evenly distributed, the problem such as crown type is easily preced with less attractive partially, and growth rate is slow, hat is little, molding time is long.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down to increase the method for hat fast, utilizes the method engrafting and cultivating to hang down Chinese scholartree, and Chinese scholartree of hanging down cultivates that speed is fast, hat width is large and thick, molding time is short.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, comprises the management process after grafting step and grafting;
Described grafting step is as follows:
S110 selects stock, selects the Chinese scholar tree seedlings of life in 3 to six years, is being highly that tree head is clipped at 2 ~ 2.5 meters of, cross-section diameter at 5 ~ 10 centimetres, as Chinese scholar tree stock;
S120 gathers scion, before vertical Chinese scholartree germinates, chooses annual branch, intercepts Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down;
S130 grafting, interface is formed in the periphery rip cutting from top to bottom of described Chinese scholar tree stock cross section, described interface radially reaches xylem from tree skin layer, phloem, formation layer depth, described interface is uniform is equipped with 3 ~ 5, the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion is inserted described interface, by bundle, vertical Chinese scholartree scion and Chinese scholar tree stock are tied up fixing, seal interface with encapsulant afterwards;
Described management process is as follows:
S210 waters, and waters to the nursery stock after grafting;
S220 removes encapsulant, and after the vertical Chinese scholartree scion after grafting survives, the sprouting of lateral bud hung down in Chinese scholartree scion, removes the encapsulant of interface;
S230 removes bud, centered by the trunk of Chinese scholar tree stock, retains the outer lateral bud of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down, removes inboard bud;
S240 pinching, the outer lateral bud of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down grows up to side shoot, when side shoot grows to 6 ~ 8 centimetres, to side shoot pinching; Grow several after side shoot pinching and one take turns side shoot, one takes turns side shoot when growing to 6 ~ 8 centimetres, takes turns side shoot pinching to one; Through twice pinching, each vertical Chinese scholartree scion grows some side shoots.
Preferably, described S120 gathers in scion step, and the length of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down is 7 ~ 10 centimetres, is with the bud that 2 to 3 full, and wherein terminal bud is positioned at outside; At the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion, do not cut outside base portion, medial slope cut out to base portion inside cutting, to other both sides respectively symmetry cut inclined-plane and inclined-plane, right side, left side.The Chinese scholartree scion base portion that hangs down cuts three inclined-planes, place, is convenient to closely fit with the interface of Chinese scholar tree stock, increases the contact area of scion and interface, is conducive to surviving of wound healing and scion.
Preferably, in described S130 grafting step, the tree skin layer of described Chinese scholar tree stock interface is pushed aside to both sides, recline the medial slope of described vertical Chinese scholartree scion base portion the xylem of described interface, and inclined-plane, left side and the inclined-plane, right side of described vertical Chinese scholartree scion base portion recline the relative side of two of described interface respectively.The medial slope of Chinese scholartree scion base portion of hanging down reclines the xylem of Chinese scholar tree stock interface, is convenient to moisture that Chinese scholar tree stock absorbs by xylem and Red clover to vertical Chinese scholartree scion, guarantees surviving of vertical Chinese scholartree scion.
Preferably, described management process also comprises S231 removal of tiller step, after grafting survival, and the sprout tillers on the Chinese scholar tree stock near vertical Chinese scholartree scion of erasing.The erasing in time of sprout tillers on Chinese scholar tree stock, reserves the environment of normal growth to Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down, and can reduce its contention to moisture and nutrient, be convenient to provide sufficient moisture and nutrient to vertical Chinese scholartree scion, be conducive to the growth of vertical Chinese scholartree scion.
Preferably, described management process also comprises S235 and holds up straight step, sagging growth after the side shoot of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down upwards grows into certain altitude, now, holds up directly with the side shoot of rod to vertical Chinese scholartree scion, and to propping up rod and side shoot is fixed.The side shoot of vertical Chinese scholartree scion is held up straight fixing, can prevent side shoot from being broken by wind.
Preferably, described management process also comprises S250 and adjusts branch step, and when the side shoot that vertical Chinese scholartree scion grows can not form required tree crown, carry out artificial stay cord and tie up rod tune branch, adjustment tree performance, makes its crown type come to perfection proper, the graceful object of tree performance.
Preferably, described management process also comprises the tree-like incubation step of S260, when pruning vertical Chinese scholartree, needs the place expanding tree crown, retains outside side shoot; Need the place reducing tree crown, retain inner side shoot, wipe out outside side shoot simultaneously.Carry out purpose trimming and finishing, to form desirable tree crown.
Preferably, described management process also comprises S270 and to topdress step, and mid-June, mid-July respectively topdress once to grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down, and based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and combines to topdress and waters.Grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down is topdressed, grafting can be met and hang down Chinese scholartree in growth in summer vigorous period to a large amount of needs of nutrient; Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, meet grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down and carry out photosynthetic needs.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, grafting of the present invention Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, comprises the management process after grafting step and grafting; During grafting, interface is formed in the periphery rip cutting from top to bottom of Chinese scholar tree stock cross section, interface radially reaches xylem from tree skin layer, phloem, formation layer depth, interface is uniform is equipped with 3 ~ 5, can the vertical Chinese scholartree scion of uniform grafting 3 ~ 5 accordingly, uniform multiple vertical Chinese scholartree scion is conducive to the quick growth, shaping of tree crown, and the time reaching desirable tree crown used is short; In managing after grafting process, when removing bud, centered by the trunk of Chinese scholar tree stock, retain the outer lateral bud of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down, namely outer lateral bud increases tree crown direction towards outside increases, and the removal of inboard bud, can make tree crown increase towards target direction, itself and outer lateral bud can be avoided again to fight for moisture and nutrient, thus accelerate the growth of outer lateral bud; Side shoot and one takes turns the pinching of side shoot, finally makes each vertical Chinese scholartree scion grow some side shoots, guarantees the increase of tree crown, thickens.
To sum up, adopt grafting of the present invention Chinese scholartree of hanging down to increase the method for hat fast, Chinese scholartree of hanging down cultivates that speed is fast, molding time is short, can complete the preliminary geometric modeling trees of needs then; Hat width is large and thick, hangs down compared with Chinese scholartree method with the conventional grafting management under equal conditions, and hat width increases about 35%, and the thickness of hat width increases about 15%, different levels crown more plentiful, and crown type is desirable, and landscape value is high; Make Chinese scholar tree individual plant become vertical Chinese scholartree nursery stock or trees by grafting, make cheap individual plant Chinese scholar tree originally become the vertical Chinese scholartree moulding view trees of high value, commodity value is large, improves the economic well-being of workers and staff of trees.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below with Gregorian calendar May, spring stem grafting method is adopted to be further elaborated to embodiments of the present invention.Should be appreciated that embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Grafting of the present invention Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, comprises the management process after grafting step and grafting.Wherein, grafting step is as follows:
S110 selects stock, and growth selection is healthy and strong, and form is good, and the Chinese scholar tree seedlings of life in 3 to six years make stock, before germinateing spring, be highly that tree head is clipped at 2 ~ 2.5 meters of, cross-section diameter is at 5 ~ 10 centimetres, as Chinese scholar tree stock, transplant or original place grafting all can, preferably with original place grafting as well.
S120 gathers scion, before vertical Chinese scholartree germinates, chooses annual branch collection, is placed on shady spot after adopting, and with in the river sand training of humidity, and covers a small amount of soil, makes its retarded germination, intercept Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down afterwards; Wherein, the vertical Chinese scholartree scion length of intercepting is 7 ~ 10 centimetres, is with the bud that 2 to 3 full, and wherein terminal bud is positioned at outside; Afterwards, the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion is processed, at the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion, do not cut outside base portion, cut medial slope to inside base portion with scraper, to other both sides respectively symmetry cut inclined-plane and inclined-plane, right side, left side, each chamfer length is at 3 cm; The Chinese scholartree scion base portion that hangs down cuts three inclined-planes, place, is convenient to closely fit with the interface of Chinese scholar tree stock, increases the contact area of scion and interface, is conducive to surviving of wound healing and scion.
S130 grafting, forms interface in the periphery rip cutting from top to bottom of Chinese scholar tree stock cross section, interface along the longitudinally height of stock at 4 cm, interface reaches xylem along the radial direction of stock from tree skin layer, phloem, formation layer depth, wherein, interface is uniform to be equipped with multiple, is preferably 3 ~ 5; The tree skin layer of Chinese scholar tree stock interface is pushed aside to both sides, the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion is inserted in interface, wherein, the xylem of the interface that the medial slope of vertical Chinese scholartree scion base portion be reclined, the hang down inclined-plane, left side of Chinese scholartree scion base portion and inclined-plane, right side recline the relative side of two of interface respectively.The medial slope of Chinese scholartree scion base portion of hanging down reclines the xylem of Chinese scholar tree stock interface, is convenient to moisture that Chinese scholar tree stock absorbs by xylem and Red clover to vertical Chinese scholartree scion, guarantees surviving of vertical Chinese scholartree scion.During grafting, scion inclined-plane is suitable for reading exceeds stock cross section 0.3 cm, be convenient to interface and clamp scion better, the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion and Chinese scholar tree stock are tied up and are fixed by the bundle such as slotting rear fiber crops or plastic ties, with encapsulants such as mulch films, interface is sealed, then to set up defences guard shield, such as plastic sack in the outer cover of vertical Chinese scholartree scion and interface, the loss of moisture evaporation and nutrient can be prevented, be conducive to surviving of vertical Chinese scholartree scion.
Wherein, management process is as follows:
S210 waters, and the nursery stock after grafting or trees will fill with foot first time water immediately, keep soil moisture, in good time moisturizing according to the growth needs of trees later.
S220 removes encapsulant, checks after grafting about two weeks, and the lateral bud hung down in Chinese scholartree scion is sprouted, and Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down survives; Let protective cover such as plastic sack go one jiao, leak informaton gradually, reach air circulation, object that temp. and humidity is suitable, remove the encapsulant of interface afterwards; After observation grafting wound and interface reach healing completely, then remove the encapsulants such as mulch film and the bundle such as fiber crops or plastic ties, unmuzzle, in case branch of hanging.
S230 removes bud, centered by the trunk of Chinese scholar tree stock, retains the outer lateral bud of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down, removes inboard bud.Namely outer lateral bud increases tree crown direction towards outside increases; The removal of inboard bud, can make tree crown increase towards target direction, itself and outer lateral bud can be avoided again to fight for moisture and nutrient, thus accelerates the growth of outer lateral bud.Production practices show, the diameter of the tree crown more annual than the vertical Chinese scholartree staying interior lateral bud that stay outer lateral bud increases 20-50 centimetre, and the thickness of hat width increases 10-25 centimetre.
The S231 removal of tiller, after grafting survival, the sprout tillers on the Chinese scholar tree stock near vertical Chinese scholartree scion of erasing in time.The erasing of sprout tillers on Chinese scholar tree stock, reserves the environment of normal growth to Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down, and can reduce its contention to moisture and nutrient, be convenient to provide sufficient moisture and nutrient to vertical Chinese scholartree scion, be conducive to the quick growth of vertical Chinese scholartree scion.
S235 holds up directly, and the outer lateral bud of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down grows up to side shoot, and side shoot is sagging growth after upwards growing into certain altitude, now, need carry out holding up straight with the hang down side shoot of Chinese scholartree scion of a rod or a pole pair, and it is fixing to carry out binding to a rod and side shoot rope or belt.The side shoot of vertical Chinese scholartree scion is held up straight fixing, can prevent side shoot from being rolled over by wind or blowing disconnected.
S240 pinching, when the side shoot that the outer lateral bud hanging down Chinese scholartree scion grows up to grows to 6 ~ 8 centimetres, to side shoot pinching; Grow several after side shoot pinching and one take turns side shoot, one takes turns side shoot when growing to 6 ~ 8 centimetres, takes turns side shoot pinching to one; Through twice pinching, each vertical Chinese scholartree scion grows some side shoots.Production practices show, each vertical Chinese scholartree scion grows nearly 12 ~ 16 side shoots, guarantees the increase of tree crown, thickens.
S250 adjusts branch step, and under natural conditions, the branch that Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down grows presents natural distribution, if branch does not reach desirable requirement distribution, then can not form the tree crown of demand.When the side shoot that vertical Chinese scholartree scion grows can not form required tree crown, need carry out artificial stay cord and tie up rod tune branch, adjustment tree performance, makes its crown type come to perfection proper, the graceful object of tree performance.
The tree-like cultivation of S260, the pruning of Chinese scholartree of hanging down is carried out in annual winter usually, when pruning vertical Chinese scholartree, for needing the place expanding tree crown, retain outside side shoot at every turn; For needing the place reducing tree crown, then retaining inner side shoot, wiping out outside side shoot simultaneously.Carry out purpose trimming and finishing, to form desirable tree crown.
S270 topdresses, and annual mid-June, mid-July respectively topdress once to grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down, and based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and combines to topdress and waters, carry out intertill and clean tillage and the extermination of disease and insect pest in time.Grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down is topdressed, grafting can be met and hang down Chinese scholartree in growth in summer vigorous period to a large amount of needs of nutrient; Based on nitrogenous fertilizer, grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down can be met and carry out photosynthetic needs.
To sum up, adopt grafting of the present invention Chinese scholartree of hanging down to increase the method for hat fast, Chinese scholartree of hanging down cultivates that speed is fast, molding time is short, can complete the preliminary geometric modeling trees of needs then; Hat width is large and thick, hangs down compared with Chinese scholartree method with the conventional grafting management under equal conditions, and hat width increases about 35%, and the thickness of hat width increases about 15%, different levels crown more plentiful, and crown type is desirable, and landscape value is high; Make Chinese scholar tree individual plant become vertical Chinese scholartree nursery stock or trees by grafting, make cheap individual plant Chinese scholar tree originally become the vertical Chinese scholartree moulding view trees of high value, commodity value is large, improves the economic well-being of workers and staff of trees.
Claims (8)
1. grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, comprises the management process after grafting step and grafting; It is characterized in that,
Described grafting step is as follows:
S110 selects stock, selects the Chinese scholar tree seedlings of life in 3 to six years, is being highly that tree head is clipped at 2 ~ 2.5 meters of, cross-section diameter at 5 ~ 10 centimetres, as Chinese scholar tree stock;
S120 gathers scion, before vertical Chinese scholartree germinates, chooses annual branch, intercepts Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down;
S130 grafting, interface is formed in the periphery rip cutting from top to bottom of described Chinese scholar tree stock cross section, described interface radially reaches xylem from tree skin layer, phloem, formation layer depth, described interface is uniform is equipped with 3 ~ 5, the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion is inserted described interface, by bundle, vertical Chinese scholartree scion and Chinese scholar tree stock are tied up fixing, seal interface with encapsulant afterwards;
Described management process is as follows:
S210 waters, and waters to the nursery stock after grafting;
S220 removes encapsulant, and after the vertical Chinese scholartree scion after grafting survives, the sprouting of lateral bud hung down in Chinese scholartree scion, removes the encapsulant of interface;
S230 removes bud, centered by the trunk of Chinese scholar tree stock, retains the outer lateral bud of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down, removes inboard bud;
S240 pinching, the outer lateral bud of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down grows up to side shoot, when side shoot grows to 6 ~ 8 centimetres, to side shoot pinching; Grow several after side shoot pinching and one take turns side shoot, one takes turns side shoot when growing to 6 ~ 8 centimetres, takes turns side shoot pinching to one; Through twice pinching, each vertical Chinese scholartree scion grows some side shoots.
2. grafting as claimed in claim 1 Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, and it is characterized in that, described S120 gathers in scion step, and the length of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down is 7 ~ 10 centimetres, be with the bud that 2 to 3 full, outside wherein terminal bud is positioned at; At the base portion of vertical Chinese scholartree scion, do not cut outside base portion, medial slope cut out to base portion inside cutting, to other both sides respectively symmetry cut inclined-plane and inclined-plane, right side, left side.
3. grafting as claimed in claim 2 Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, it is characterized in that, in described S130 grafting step, the tree skin layer of described Chinese scholar tree stock interface is pushed aside to both sides, recline the medial slope of described vertical Chinese scholartree scion base portion the xylem of described interface, and inclined-plane, left side and the inclined-plane, right side of described vertical Chinese scholartree scion base portion recline the relative side of two of described interface respectively.
4. grafting as claimed in claim 1 Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, and it is characterized in that, described management process also comprises S231 removal of tiller step, after grafting survival, and the sprout tillers on the Chinese scholar tree stock near vertical Chinese scholartree scion of erasing.
5. grafting as claimed in claim 1 Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, it is characterized in that, described management process also comprises S235 and holds up straight step, sagging growth after the side shoot of Chinese scholartree scion of hanging down upwards grows into certain altitude, now, hold up directly with the side shoot of rod to vertical Chinese scholartree scion, and a rod and side shoot are fixed.
6. grafting as claimed in claim 1 Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, and it is characterized in that, described management process also comprises S250 and adjusts branch step, when the side shoot that vertical Chinese scholartree scion grows can not form required tree crown, carries out artificial stay cord and ties up rod and adjust branch, adjustment tree performance.
7. grafting as claimed in claim 1 Chinese scholartree of hanging down increases the method for hat fast, and it is characterized in that, described management process also comprises the tree-like incubation step of S260, prunes when hanging down Chinese scholartree, needs the place expanding tree crown, retain outside side shoot; Need the place reducing tree crown, retain inner side shoot, wipe out outside side shoot simultaneously.
8. the Chinese scholartree of hanging down of the grafting as described in any one of claim 1 to 7 increases the method for hat fast, it is characterized in that, described management process also comprises S270 and to topdress step, and mid-June, mid-July respectively topdress once to grafting Chinese scholartree of hanging down, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and combine and topdress and water.
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| CN201410652122.9A CN104396579A (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | Method for grafting vertical tree and rapidly increasing crowns |
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| CN201410652122.9A CN104396579A (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | Method for grafting vertical tree and rapidly increasing crowns |
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Application publication date: 20150311 |