CN103120098A - Grafting method capable of rapidly fixing incomplete crown of fruit tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant biology, in particular to a grafting method capable of rapidly fixing an incomplete crown of a fruit tree. A fruit tree where a mesome is sewed off is used as a tree stock and a robust water sprout or a vertical growing branch is selected near a damaged mesome, softened and pulled to a processing face of the tree stock. A to-be-processed position is selected on the branch and used as a bending point, and then the branch is bent over. A grafting cutter is used for cutting along the length direction of the branch to form a cutting face which is 4cm to 7cm long. The cutting thickness is one fourth to one third of the thickness of the branch at the bending point and a cion is formed. Affinity between the cion and the tree stock is strong and healing an injury is fast and easy so that the cion grows fast and robustly. The selected cion is often a water sprout useless for production in grafting operation so that a bearing branch of an entire fruit tree is not influenced and the yield of the year and the yield of the next year are not affected.

Description

The grafting method of the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree

Technical field

The invention belongs to plant biotechnology field, be specifically related to the grafting method of the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree.

Background technology

Fruit tree is a kind of high yield, multi-functional economic crops.The fruit market demand space is large, is the model of high-efficiency agriculture, advancing agricultural restructuring, changes agriculture economy growth pattern, builds modern agriculture, promotes that in increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency, effect is huge.Since the eighties in 20th century, China's fruit tree industry high speed development for significant contribution has been made in the national economic development, has also played important function for improving national quality of life simultaneously.Fruit has abundant nutrition and medical value, contains the five large nutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, mineral matter, vitamin of human body needs.

Fruit tree also has good ecological environment benefit, and environment is had stronger adaptability.the orchard worker suits measures to local conditions to utilize hilly and mountainous land, husky hillside fields and soil develop production of fruit trees barrenly, both can increase income, but planting trees on barren hills again, conserve water and soil, improve the ecological environment and the life of farmers condition, can take full advantage of simultaneously the ecological agriculture in land development rural area and outskirts of a town, sightseeing fruit industry, both capable of purifying air, beautify the environment, improve people's culture life quality, again can be by the sightseeing tour of fruit industry, hold " Peach Flower Festival ", " grape joint " etc. admires the beauty of flowers, fruit is from adopting activity, bolster the development of the tourism sector, and drive Tertiary Industy Development, increase economic efficiency, social benefit and ecological benefits.

The acrial part of tree comprises trunk and tree crown two parts.The part of (or first branch) is on trunk from collar to the first major branch, and the part more than trunk is on tree crown.

The common fruit shape that trunk arranged mainly contains the nature spindle, evacuates layering shape, slender spindle like, little crown, improvement nature spindle etc., their common feature is that major branch divides 2～3 layers, central authorities have an obvious center to do, join 2～3 side shoots on each major branch of ground floor, join 1～2 side shoot on second and third each major branch of layer, all types branch is being organized to give birth at the center and is being done.This tree-like advantage is the shaping nature, and pruning rate is few, is shaped fast, and firmly key, load capacity is larger, three-dimensional result, high and stable yield.

Water sprout be give birth to the excessively prosperous annual shoot of growing way in tree crown, the general growth enriched, performance is upright, internode is long, blade is large and thin, the bud on branch is not full, it is late to stop growing, because growth is rapid, take up space large, easily make canopy, consume large quantity of moisture and nutrient, very unfavorable to the fruit tree growth result, generally remove to improve illumination condition in production, the fruit tree of declining period can be used to upgrade skeleton branch or cultivates the shoot group.

In production for various reasons, by in do dried fractureing or the withered phenomenon of worm harm due to illness in 2,3 layers that often have after tree-like fruit tree integer is completed, cause setting body structure incomplete, water sprout is too much, improper ventilation, thereby appreciable impact output of the fruit tree.

Producing now upper countermeasure is, this class is transformed into without the happy shape of trunk or adopts the stiff wood grafting method to revert to the trunk type again without trunk tree-like.But the problem that is transformed into happy shape existence is not realize three-dimensional result, makes the output of land area of one unit not high, and every year, water sprout occured the tree body in a large number, caused the nutrient waste, and fruit quality descends; Stiff wood grafting recovers the trunk type and has incubation time long (at least 3～5 year) again, and it is more that early stage, water sprout occured, and causes the nutrient waste, degradation problem under fruit quality.Therefore, it is significant that tree crown is repaired in discussion fast.

Summary of the invention

The grafting method that the purpose of this invention is to provide the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree when not affecting output, can be repaired the incomplete tree crown of fruit tree fast.

The technical solution used in the present invention is that the grafting method of the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree comprises the following steps:

A, in annual late Febuary to early March, do the fruit tree in young age that damages in choosing, remove doing saw in damaging, and with grafting knife, that the saw kerf transverse cuts is smooth, as stock, standby;

Select bark smooth place on B, the stock in steps A, 5～8cm bark of long 4～6 cm, wide 1.5～2 cm of one deck of pruning from down to up under the saw kerf, stay treated side on stock, from the vertical standardized cut in treated side top, cut passes this treated side center, and cut length is consistent with treated side length, till cut is deep into xylem;

C, do from damage near, the branch of the water sprout of a growing way stalwartness or vertical growth on stock in selecting step B, after softening, be pulled to stock treated side place, select pending position on branch, take this position as break with branch bending, cut on the branch length direction with grafting knife, form the bevel of long 4～7 cm, cutting thickness is 1/4～1/3 of break place branch thick, as scion, standby;

D, with grafting knife, the cut on stock is pushed aside gently, the scion in the progressive rapid C of folder, and make the bark that cut both sides are pried open closely wrap up scion, fix with the plastic strip wrapping of wide 1.5～2cm;

E, fix a waddy on stock, the upper end of scion is fixed;

F, after sprout sprouts, choose a upright healthy and strong sprout as in dried elongated shoot, remaining is in vertical direction with 60 ° of overturning angles;

G, 6～July be according to quantity and the direction young sprout of selecting and remain, and adjust direction and growing way according to space size, carries out pinching, cultivates into major branch and branch group;

H, 8～September are further adjusted young sprout quantity and direction, select second layer major branch;

I, winter in 11～February cut, and select the 3rd layer of major branch.

Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises following five aspects:

The first, adopt the scion live body grafting of not exsomatizing, wound healing is faster

That the water sprout that utilization is selected or developmental branch do not exsomatize as scion, live body grafting, make the nutrition that scion obtains after grafting not only derive from stock, and more derive from eugonic do not exsomatize, live body scion, the affinity of scion and stock is stronger, wound healing is faster, easier, thereby make the scion growth faster, growing way is more prosperous.

The second, do not affect and work as annual production

The scion of selecting is that water sprout useless in the past producing carries out the grafting operation as scion, does not affect the fruit bearing shoot of whole fruit tree, therefore can not affect output then, also the output in next year is formed not impact.

Three, tree crown recovers soon

Can repeatedly not exsomatize within next year, the live body grafting, in scion, eye quantity is many, can accept or reject as required quantity and the orientation of rudiment, and limited eye only in general stiff wood grafting scion, even if all sprout 2～3 coppice shoots only, and concentrated being distributed in extremely short scion, can't or be difficult to carry out choice and the selection in quantity and orientation; Affinity that do not exsomatize simultaneously, live body grafting scion and stock is stronger, wound healing is faster, therefore gets final product the tree crown of fast quick-recovery incompleteness in general 2～3 years.

Four, utilize to produce in the past useless water sprout as scion, turn waste into wealth

The general growing way of water sprout is prosperous, and the bud on branch is not full, it is late to stop growing, and takes up space large, easily makes canopy, consumes simultaneously a large amount of nutrients, and is very unfavorable to fruit tree growth and result, generally removes to improve illumination condition in production.Preferred site of the present invention is suitable, healthy and strong water sprout is as object, carries out grafting as the scion of quick reparation tree crown, has reduced the loss of branch pruning rate and fruit tree nutrition, and has been selected utilization, realizes turning waste into wealth.

Five, can realize several times a year grafting

If in spring grafting, grafting failure can continue to select in the early stage (before September) in subsequently whole growth season other suitable water sprout or young sprouts so, again do not exsomatize, the live body grafting, until grafting survival is realized several times a year grafting.

Embodiment

The below elaborates to embodiments of the invention: the present embodiment is implemented under take technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.

The grafting method of the incomplete tree crown of a kind of quick reparation fruit tree comprises the following steps:

A, February 25 days, the fruit tree in young age that do to damage in choosing removes doing saw in damaging, and with grafting knife, that the saw kerf transverse cuts is smooth, and is as stock, standby;

Select bark smooth place on B, the stock in steps A, the 6 cm bark of long 5 cm, wide 2 cm of pruning from down to up under the saw kerf, stay the phloem treated side on stock, from the vertical standardized cut in treated side top, cut passes the treated side center, and cut length is consistent with treated side length, till cut is deep into xylem;

C, do from damage near, choose the water sprout of a growing way stalwartness or the branch of vertical growth, after softening, be pulled to stock treated side place, select pending position on branch, take this position as break, that branch is slight curving, cut on the branch length direction with grafting knife, form the bevel of long 6 cm, cutting thickness is to cut 1/3 of branch bending place rugosity, as scion, standby;

D, with grafting knife, the cut on stock is pushed aside gently, the scion in the progressive rapid C of folder, and make the bark that cut both sides are pried open closely wrap up scion, fix with the plastic strip wrapping of wide 2 cm;

E, fix a waddy on stock, the upper end of scion is fixed;

F, after sprouting, sprout lightens restrictions on;

G, June 15 days, according to quantity and the direction young sprout of selecting and remain, and adjust direction and growing way according to space size, choose the dried elongated shoot in tip conduct that sprouts of a upright stalwartness, remaining selects second layer major branch in vertical direction with 60 ° of left and right, carry out as required pinching, cultivate into major branch and branch group;

H, August 15 days, further adjust young sprout quantity and direction;

I, during December to February, the winter cuts, and prepares for selecting the 3rd layer of major branch.

Claims (1)

1. a grafting method of repairing fast the incomplete tree crown of fruit tree, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

A, in annual late Febuary to early March, do the fruit tree in young age that damages in choosing, remove doing saw in damaging, and with grafting knife, that the saw kerf transverse cuts is smooth, as stock, standby;

Select bark smooth place on B, the stock in steps A, 5～8cm bark of long 4～6 cm, wide 1.5～2 cm of one deck of pruning from down to up under the saw kerf, stay treated side on stock, from the vertical standardized cut in treated side top, cut passes this treated side center, and cut length is consistent with treated side length, till cut is deep into xylem;

C, do from damage near, choose the water sprout of a growing way stalwartness or the branch of vertical growth, after softening, be pulled to stock treated side place, select pending position on branch, take this position as break with branch bending, cut on the branch length direction with grafting knife, form the bevel of long 4～7 cm, cutting thickness is 1/4～1/3 of break place branch thick, as scion, standby;

D, with grafting knife, the cut on stock is pushed aside gently, the scion in the progressive rapid C of folder, and make the bark that cut both sides are pried open closely wrap up scion, fix with the plastic strip wrapping of wide 1.5～2cm;

E, fix a waddy on stock, the upper end of scion is fixed;

F, after sprout sprouts, choose a upright healthy and strong sprout as in dried elongated shoot, remaining is in vertical direction with 60 ° of overturning angles;

G, 6～July be according to quantity and the direction young sprout of selecting and remain, and adjust direction and growing way according to space size, carries out pinching, cultivates into major branch and branch group;

H, 8～September are further adjusted young sprout quantity and direction, select second layer major branch;

I, winter in 11～February cut, and select the 3rd layer of major branch.