CN104351088A - Artificial ecological cave and shrimp-crab breeding method based on artificial ecological cave - Google Patents
Artificial ecological cave and shrimp-crab breeding method based on artificial ecological cave Download PDFInfo
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- CN104351088A CN104351088A CN201410528114.3A CN201410528114A CN104351088A CN 104351088 A CN104351088 A CN 104351088A CN 201410528114 A CN201410528114 A CN 201410528114A CN 104351088 A CN104351088 A CN 104351088A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial ecological cave and a shrimp-crab breeding method based on the artificial ecological cave. According to the artificial ecological cave and the breeding method, a hiding place and an attachment object are provided for bred animals, a certain ecological adjusting function is realized, the available space of shrimps and crabs in a pond can be greatly expanded, the effects of high yield and high efficiency are achieved, and the effects of reducing the intensity of breeding management, avoiding the negative influence of aquatic plants and reducing environment pollution are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shrimp crab ecologic breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of artificial ecology cave and the shrimp crab cultural method based on artificial ecology cave.
Background technology
The proportion of shrimp crab cultivation in China's aquaculture is more and more higher.For Eriocheir sinensia (river crab), within 2011, national gross yield reaches 649240 tons, adds more than 1000 times than 593.3 tons of nineteen ninety.Although in freshwater aquiculture kind, river crab output portion is not high, only accounts for 2.63% of gross yield (2471.93 ten thousand tons), from cultured area, because its per unit area yield only has 75-130kg/667m
2left and right, therefore in fact cultured area is very large, is about more than 15% of the freshwater cultivation gross area (2449911 hectares).Add freshwater shrimp, Penaeus Vannmei, Roche natural pond crab, little Bai shrimp, mud crab, swimming crab etc., be on a grand scale.The growth of body just can be completed after shrimp crab casts off a skin.Be subject to similar attack when casting off a skin, cause survival rate to decline.Therefore, hidden institute need be provided.In production, the normal mode of plantation pasture and water that adopts meets its hidden demand.Meanwhile, shrimp crab Burden-Swimming Ability of KM is poor, especially freshwater aquiculture kind, and pasture and water are also for which providing the thing of seeking connections with.At present, to the dependence of pasture and water the most by force, pasture and water breeding success or failure have decisive role to river crab, shrimp culture benefit for river crab and shrimp culture.But the breeding way relying on pasture and water also brings series of problems, shows as:
The management and control of pasture and water brings hidden danger to Safety of Aquatic Products quality.
In order to control the growing way of pasture and water well, needing to use plant growth regulator in pasture and water management, bringing hidden danger to Safety of Aquatic Products quality; The insect pest of pasture and water happens occasionally, when insect pest occurs, and only remaining cane in full pool pasture and water a couple of days.In order to control pasture and water insect pest, inevitably use insecticide; Later stage, pasture and water decayed, and increase substantially oxygen debt, the raising of oxygen debt causes serious threat to aquatic products health, thus increases substantially medication demand; The pasture and water covering the water surface cause pond bottom anoxic, thus aquatic products body surface dirt is increased the weight of.In order to improve its perception, often use the chemicals of " washing shrimp med " and so at sales section, the health of harm consumer.
Pasture and water affect aquatic products organoleptic quality directly or indirectly.
Pasture and water not only cause aquatic products quality to decline when miscarriage, even if manage proper, namely pasture and water Altitude control is below the water surface, also can affect aquatic products organoleptic quality.For the river crab pool, the photosynthesis vigorous due to pasture and water daytimes can consume CO
2, cause water body pH too high.Perform at us in the correlative study of Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province breeding pollution investigation relevant to Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Jiangsu Province, the afternoon pH in the crab pool monitored reaches 10.21.High pH coerces and causes river crab oxidative stress.When river crab is in oxidative stress status, the carotenoid such as free astaxanthin can be used to scavenging free radicals.The reduzates such as corresponding ketone can be reduced to after free astaxanthin scavenging capacity oxygen radical.The free astaxanthin consumed can not get supplementing timely and makes with the content astaxanthin reduction that ester-formin exists in tissue, and the astaxanthin consumption in hepatopancrease and carapace then directly translates into body colour difference, has a strong impact on organoleptic quality and selling price.Meanwhile, pasture and water have competitive inhibition to phytoplankton.Phytoplankton contains abundant carotenoid, as astaxanthin, all can improve river crab body colour.River crab self can not synthesize carotenoid, must obtain from external source.Under natural endowment, river crab by food chain as: spiral shells etc., obtain carotenoid from phytoplankton, thus improve healthy and body colour.But under pond condition, the growth and breeding of phytoplankton is subject to the suppression of pasture and water, and water quality is limpid, even if throw in spiral shell, river crab can not obtain enough carotenoids, and this is also the major reason causing pond river crab body colour difference.In addition, river crab can ingest when bait is not enough a small amount of pasture and water, may due to the impact of the bitter substance in pasture and water, and the river crab hepatopancrease of the pasture and water that search for food has bitter taste.
Pasture and water control undue influence aquatic health and growth.
Because the day of labour is becoming tight, pasture and water management often can not be in time.In fact, about have crab farming pond pasture and water undue growth over half, crab pool pasture and water grow the water surface, constrain stormy waves and photosynthesis under water.The cultivation photosynthesis that pasture and water are vigorous in earlier stage causes water body pH to raise, and causes coerce river crab, affects its growth and health; Later stage, pasture and water grew the water surface, and due to its covering light, intensity of photosynthesis is under water more weak, and when pasture and water coverage rate height, the oxygenation effect of stormy waves almost exhausts.Dissolved oxygen has decisive role to the growth of aquatic livestock, health, and long-term low-oxygen environment makes river crab poor growth, is also easy to catch.We find in the investigation of 2013, and the river crab in many ponds occurs the phenomena of mortality successively in September, and lethality has significant positive correlation with pasture and water coverage rate in early stage, and all pasture and water to control pond yields improperly not high.
The pasture and water in shrimp crab pond are important pollution source.
An important process of freshwater shrimp, culture of Chinese mitten crab management gathers in exactly, salvages pasture and water, to eliminate excessive pasture and water to its growth, healthy adverse effect.Residual grass is generally directly abandoned in bank.Only in Jiangsu Province's crab farming area 200,000 hectares, discarded pasture and water are estimated more than 3,000 hundred million tons, become important pollution source.
In sum, the breeding way relying on pasture and water seriously constrains shrimp crab safe mass and organoleptic quality, also causes certain negative effect to environment, also constrains the raising of culture benefit, be more faced with the challenge of human resources anxiety.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to: a kind of artificial ecology cave and the shrimp crab cultural method based on artificial ecology cave are provided, solve that shrimp crab output is unstable, organoleptic quality and safe mass is low, the problem such as the regulation and control of water quality difficulty and pasture and water pollution in the pool.
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of artificial ecology cave, the cave body of the frusto-conical of up/down perforation is surrounded by the porous material of tabular, the upper outlet of described cave body is that cave body first exports, the lower outlet of described cave body is that cave body second exports, the diameter that described cave body first exports is the diameter of 0.5-4CM and the outlet of described cave body second is 12-30CM, and described cave height is 20-50CM.
Further, the diameter that the diameter that described cave body first exports is 2CM, described cave body second exports is 18CM and described cave height is 35CM.
Further, described tabular is tabular or undaform, and the ripple of described undaform is wide is 0-15CM, and the wave amplitude of described undaform is 0-20CM.
Further, described tabular is network structure.
For solving the problem, the present invention also provides a kind of shrimp crab cultural method based on artificial ecology cave, comprising:
(1) average light of the shrimp crab culture zone water surface is shone intensity modulation to being less than 4000LUX;
(2) water body fertilizer degree is adjusted to medium fertile degree;
(3) a plurality of described artificial ecology cave is fixing or by horizontal for a plurality of described artificial ecology cave and stack fixing side by side, be then placed in described water body;
(4) described water surface or above serike.
Further, intensity of illumination described in step (1) in ecological cave for being less than 300LUX.
Further, described in step (1), the water velocity in water body region is greater than 0.10m/min.
Further, the medium fertile degree of water body described in step (2) is the water body of water transparence at 18-40CM.
Further, described in step (3), the top in artificial ecology cave is provided with opaque plate object.
Further, the width of described plate object is 10-50CM.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Be not only the thing that cultivated animals provides hidden institute and seeks connections with, also there is certain Ecological regulation services, and the utilized space of shrimp crab in pond can be increased substantially, thus the effect that there is high-yield and high-efficiency, reduce aquaculture management intensity, evade pasture and water adverse effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.Wherein,
Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of artificial ecology cave of the present invention tabular porous material in one embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the front view of a kind of artificial ecology cave of the present invention undaform porous material in another embodiment; With
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of a kind of artificial ecology cave of the present invention cancellated cave body in another embodiment.
Wherein: 1 exports for cave body first, and 2 export for cave body second.
Embodiment
For enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent more, further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.But the invention is not restricted to listed embodiment, also should be included in other any known changes in interest field of the presently claimed invention.
First, alleged herein " embodiment " or " embodiment " refers to special characteristic, structure or the characteristic that can be contained at least one implementation of the present invention.Different local in this manual " in one embodiment " occurred not all refers to same embodiment, neither be independent or optionally mutually exclusive with other embodiments embodiment.
Secondly, the present invention utilizes structural representation etc. to be described in detail, and when describing the embodiment of the present invention in detail, for ease of illustrating, schematic diagram can be disobeyed general ratio and be made partial enlargement, and described schematic diagram is example, and it should not limit the scope of protection of the invention at this.In addition, the three dimensions of length, width and the degree of depth should be comprised in actual fabrication.
Embodiment one
The invention provides a kind of artificial ecology cave, the cave body of the frusto-conical of up/down perforation is surrounded by the porous material of tabular, in order to better understand hereafter, therefore less one end of described frusto-conical cave body is defined as cave body first exports 1, larger one end of described frusto-conical cave body is defined as cave body second and exports 2.The upper outlet of described cave body is that cave body first exports 1, and the lower outlet of described cave body is that cave body second exports 2, and the diameter that the diameter that described cave body first exports 1 is 0.5-4CM, described cave body second exports 2 is 12-30CM and described cave height is 20-50CM.Preferably, the diameter that the diameter of described cave body first outlet is 2CM, described cave body second exports is 18CM and described cave height is 35CM, and wherein above-mentioned cave body adopts porous material, is conducive to biomembranous formation, thus plays its ecological functions.
The form in artificial ecology cave can be varied, meets shrimp crab ecological habit, can provide hidden and seek connections with.Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of artificial ecology cave of the present invention tabular porous material in one embodiment.As shown in Figure 1, described tabular is tabular.Refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the front view of a kind of artificial ecology cave of the present invention undaform porous material in another embodiment.As shown in Figure 2, described tabular is undaform, and the ripple of described undaform is wide is 0-15CM, and the wave amplitude of described undaform is 0-20CM.Above-mentioned two kinds of structures all can keep flat or be tiltedly put in water body by multiple-layer stacked, and wherein, the plate like structure of undaform is comparatively applicable to shrimp culture.
Refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the cutaway view of a kind of artificial ecology cave of the present invention cancellated cave body in another embodiment.As shown in Figure 3, because shrimp crab Burden-Swimming Ability of KM is poor, in order to provide the thing of seeking connections with to shrimp crab, described tabular is network structure, is namely surrounded the cave body of the frusto-conical of up/down perforation by cancellated porous material.
Embodiment two
The invention provides a kind of shrimp aquaculture method based on artificial ecology cave, comprising:
(1) average intensity of illumination shrimp aquaculture district being arranged on the water surface is less than the water body region of 4000LUX, during based on artificial ecology cave culture shrimp, conventional oxygenation design can be adopted, and take measures to make to form certain current in the pool, in the present embodiment, adopt immersible pump that current are turned over, the water velocity in described water body region is greater than 0.10m/min, to make dissolved oxygen in the pool even, and promote that shrimp grows.By the mode controlled light intensity of serike above the water surface or the water surface, its objective is high temperature-proof.But the water surface can not have illumination, otherwise water body photosynthesis and ultraviolet germicidal effect will die down, so that water quality is perishable; And illumination can cause too by force shrimp stress reaction, therefore, in cave, intensity of illumination should control at below 300LUX.
(2) water body fertilizer degree is adjusted to medium fertile degree, the medium fertile degree of described water body is the water body of water transparence at 18-40CM.The general pond thin to water colour can adopt the method for fertilising to be regulated, and is putting shrimp species in a suitable place to breed first 15 days, and the biological training algae element of fertilising shrimp, regularly uses EM probio, EM water transfer king; If mud is more at the bottom of pond, pond liquid manure power is comparatively sufficient, then will change the end, when change in weather, uses grain grain oxygen before bait throwing in.
(3) a plurality of described artificial ecology cave is fixed side by side, be specially and the cave body in an artificial ecology cave is inverted, namely cave body first export 1 under, cave body second exports 2 upper, fix with the cave body in another artificial ecology cave, by that analogy, be inverted artificial ecology cave alternate with the artificial ecology cave of just putting, composition artificial ecology cave group, then described water body is placed in, the placement amount in ecological cave is The more the better when not affecting water oxygenation and current, then the plate object that opaque width is about 10CM is set on the top of described artificial ecology cave group, to meet, the control of intensity of illumination in ecological cave is as the criterion.
(4) when artificial oxygenation is secure, can described water surface or above serike, as at water surface plantation aquatic vegetable, as water spinach etc., or put up grape trellis up, sponge gourd frame etc., implement three dimensional-planting-breeding, to reach interception.
Embodiment three
The invention provides a kind of shrimp aquaculture method based on artificial ecology cave, comprising:
(1) average intensity of illumination shrimp aquaculture district being arranged on the water surface is less than the water body region of 4000LUX, during based on artificial ecology cave culture shrimp, conventional oxygenation design can be adopted, and take measures to make to form certain current in the pool, in the present embodiment, adopt immersible pump that current are turned over, the water velocity in described water body region is greater than 0.10m/min, to make dissolved oxygen in the pool even, and promote that shrimp grows.By the mode controlled light intensity of serike above the water surface or the water surface, its objective is high temperature-proof.But the water surface can not have illumination, otherwise water body photosynthesis and ultraviolet germicidal effect will die down, so that water quality is perishable; And illumination can cause too by force shrimp stress reaction, therefore, thus in cave intensity of illumination should be arranged on below 300LUX.
(2) water body fertilizer degree is adjusted to medium fertile degree, the medium fertile degree of described water body is the water body of water transparence at 18-40CM.The general pond thin to water colour can adopt the method for fertilising to be regulated, and is putting shrimp species in a suitable place to breed first 15 days, and the biological training algae element of fertilising shrimp, regularly uses EM probio, EM water transfer king; If mud is more at the bottom of pond, pond liquid manure power is comparatively sufficient, then will change the end, when change in weather, uses grain grain oxygen before bait throwing in.
(3) by horizontal for a plurality of described artificial ecology cave and stack fixing, be specially the cave body traverse in a plurality of artificial ecology cave, namely cave body first export 1 and cave body second export 2 in the horizontal direction, interfix, by that analogy, composition artificial ecology cave group, then described water body is placed in, the placement amount in ecological cave is The more the better when not affecting water oxygenation and current, the ecological cave of the shrimps stacked for tiling, if the ecological cave of being made up of non-mesh material, without the need to shade, netted material in this way, top layer can place the plate object shading that opaque width is about 10CM, to meet, the control of intensity of illumination in ecological cave is as the criterion,
(4) when artificial oxygenation is secure, described water surface or above serike, as at water surface plantation aquatic vegetable, as water spinach etc., or put up grape trellis up, sponge gourd frame etc., implement three dimensional-planting-breeding, to reach interception.
Embodiment four
The invention provides a kind of crab cultural method based on artificial ecology cave, comprising:
(1) average intensity of illumination crab culture zone being arranged on the water surface is less than the water body region of 4000LUX, during based on artificial ecology cave cultivated crabs, conventional oxygenation design can be adopted, and take measures to make to form certain current in the pool, in the present embodiment, adopt immersible pump that current are turned over, the water velocity in described water body region is greater than 0.10m/min, to make dissolved oxygen in the pool even, and promote that crab grows.By the mode controlled light intensity of serike above the water surface or the water surface, its objective is high temperature-proof.But the water surface can not have illumination, otherwise water body photosynthesis and ultraviolet germicidal effect will die down, so that water quality is perishable; And illumination can cause too by force crab stress reaction, therefore, thus in cave intensity of illumination should be arranged on below 300LUX.
(2) water body fertilizer degree is adjusted to medium fertile degree, the medium fertile degree of described water body is the water body of water transparence at 18-40CM.The general pond thin to water colour can adopt the method for fertilising to be regulated, and is putting crab kind in a suitable place to breed first 15 days, the bright and beautiful or fertile treasured every bag 3-4 mu of fertilising high efficiency fertilizer; Cultivate mid-term, in case of water quality is thin, can use and topdress, as bright and beautiful in high efficiency fertilizer or fertile treasured, biological high-efficiency rich water element etc., regularly use EM probio, EM water transfer king; If mud is more at the bottom of pond, pond liquid manure power is comparatively sufficient, then will change the end, use grain grain oxygen when change in weather, before bait throwing in.
(3) a plurality of described artificial ecology cave is fixed side by side, be specially and the cave body in an artificial ecology cave is inverted, namely cave body first export 1 under, cave body second exports 2 upper, fix with the cave body in another artificial ecology cave, by that analogy, be inverted artificial ecology cave alternate with the artificial ecology cave of just putting, composition artificial ecology cave group, then described water body is placed in, the placement amount in ecological cave is The more the better when not affecting water oxygenation and current, and for the ecological cave of crab class, the top layer of described artificial ecology cave group can with material shadings such as asbestos shingles.
(4) when artificial oxygenation is secure, described water surface or above serike, as at water surface plantation aquatic vegetable, as water spinach etc., or put up grape trellis up, sponge gourd frame etc., implement three dimensional-planting-breeding, to reach interception.
In sum, the invention discloses a kind of artificial ecology cave and the shrimp crab cultural method based on artificial ecology cave, be not only the thing that cultivated animals provides hidden institute and seeks connections with, also there is certain Ecological regulation services, and the utilized space of shrimp crab in pond can be increased substantially, thus the effect that there is high-yield and high-efficiency, reduce aquaculture management intensity, evade pasture and water adverse effect, reduce environmental pollution.
It should be noted that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an artificial ecology cave, it is characterized in that: the cave body being surrounded the frusto-conical of up/down perforation by the porous material of tabular, the upper outlet of described cave body is that cave body first exports, the lower outlet of described cave body is that cave body second exports, and the diameter that the diameter of described cave body first outlet is 0.5-4CM, described cave body second exports is 12-30CM and described cave height is 20-50CM.
2. artificial ecology cave according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter that the diameter of described cave body first outlet is 2CM, described cave body second exports is 18CM and described cave height is 35CM.
3. artificial ecology cave according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tabular is tabular or undaform, and the ripple of described undaform is wide is 0-15CM, and the wave amplitude of described undaform is 0-20CM.
4. artificial ecology cave according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described tabular is network structure.
5., based on the shrimp crab cultural method in artificial ecology cave as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) average light of the shrimp crab culture zone water surface is shone intensity modulation to being less than 4000LUX;
(2) water body fertilizer degree is adjusted to medium fertile degree;
(3) a plurality of described artificial ecology cave is fixing or by horizontal for a plurality of described artificial ecology cave and stack fixing side by side, be then placed in described water body;
(4) described water surface or above serike.
6. the shrimp crab cultural method in artificial ecology cave according to claim 5, is characterized in that, intensity of illumination described in step (1) in ecological cave for being less than 300LUX.
7. the shrimp crab cultural method in artificial ecology cave according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described in step (1), the water velocity in water body region is greater than 0.10m/min.
8. the shrimp crab cultural method in artificial ecology cave according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the medium fertile degree of water body described in step (2) is the water body of water transparence at 18-40CM.
9. the shrimp crab cultural method in artificial ecology cave according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described in step (3), the top in artificial ecology cave is provided with opaque plate object.
10. the shrimp crab cultural method in artificial ecology cave according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the width of described plate object is 10-50CM.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN105638518A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-08 | 苏州市相城区太平蟹业专业合作社 | Ecological shrimp and crab polyculture method |
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