CN104350042B - 脑啡肽酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
脑啡肽酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104350042B CN104350042B CN201380030259.4A CN201380030259A CN104350042B CN 104350042 B CN104350042 B CN 104350042B CN 201380030259 A CN201380030259 A CN 201380030259A CN 104350042 B CN104350042 B CN 104350042B
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Classifications
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- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
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Abstract
在一个方面,本发明涉及具有式XII的化合物:其中Ra、Rb、R2、R7和x如说明书中所定义,或其药学上可接受的盐。本文所述的化合物为具有脑啡肽酶抑制活性的化合物的前药。在另一方面,本发明涉及包含这些化合物的医药组合物;使用这些化合物的方法;和用于制备这些化合物的方法和中间物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及体内代谢为具有作为脑啡肽酶抑制剂的活性的化合物的新颖化合物。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的医药组合物,用于制备这些化合物的方法和中间物,以及使用这些化合物治疗例如高血压、心脏衰竭、肺动脉高血压和肾病等疾病的方法。
背景技术
共同让渡给根德隆(Gendron)等人的2011年12月14提交的美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号描述具有作为脑啡肽酶抑制剂的活性的新颖化合物,所述案的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。具体地说,描述以下种类的化合物:
视变量而定,此种类中的化合物可以活性形式或以前药形式提及,所述前药在体内代谢产生所述化合物的活性形式。
尽管存在这些化合物,然而仍需要具有不同代谢和裂解性质的此种类中的化合物和前药。举例来说,仍需要具有改良的经口吸收的活性化合物和/或前药化合物和经历快速裂解以形成活性化合物的前药化合物。本发明涉及此需要。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面涉及一种式XII化合物:
其中:
(i)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H,R4为-OH,并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2为H,R4选自-O-苯甲基、-OCHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2和-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基,并且R7选自H和-CH2OC(O)CH3;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为-OH,并且R7为H;或
(ii)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H,R3为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R3选自-OC(O)CH2CH3、-OC(O)CH2CH(CH3)2、-OC(O)-苯基、-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2和-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R3为-OH,并且R7为H;或
(iii)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H,R3为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2为H,R3选自-OC(O)CH2CH3、-OC(O)CH2CH(CH3)2、-OC(O)-苯基、-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2和-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R3为-OH,并且R7为H;或
(iv)Ra为F;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、 -CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;或
(v)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;或
(vi)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;或
(vii)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为R为H或-CH3;并且
R2为H并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;或
(viii)Ra为F;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H,R4为-OH,并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2为H,R4选自-O-苯甲基、-OCHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和
并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为-OH,并且R7为H;或
(ix)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2为H并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;或
(x)Ra为H;Rb为H;X为并且
R2和R4为H,并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和苯甲基;或R2为H,R4选自-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为H,并且R7为H;或R2为H,R4为-CH2OP(O)(ORe)2或-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为-CH2CH3;或R2为-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,R4为H,并且R7为-CH2CH3;或
(xi)Ra为H;Rb为Cl;X为并且
R2和R4为H,并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和苯甲基;或R2为H,R4选自-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为H,并且R7为H;或R2为H,R4为-CH2OP(O)(ORe)2或-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为-CH2CH3;或R2为-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,R4为H,并且R7为-CH2CH3;
其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明提供体内代谢为已发现具有脑啡肽酶(NEP)酶抑制活性的化合物的化合物。因此,预期本发明的化合物作为治疗罹患通过抑制NEP酶或通过增加其肽底物含量来治疗的疾病或病症的患者的治疗剂为适用并且有利的。因此,本发明的一个方面涉及一种治疗高血压、心脏衰竭或肾病的方法,其包含向患者投与治疗有效量的本发明的化合物。
本发明的另一方面涉及包含药学上可接受的载剂和本发明化合物的医药组合物。
本发明的另一方面涉及适用于制备本发明的化合物的方法和中间物。本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于制备式I化合物的药学上可接受的盐的方法,其包含使呈游离酸或碱形式的式I化合物与药学上可接受的碱或酸接触。在其它方面中,本发明涉及通过本文所述的任何方法制备的产物,以及所述方法中所用的新颖中间物。
本发明的另一方面涉及式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途,其用于制造药剂,尤其用于制造适用于治疗高血压、心脏衰竭或肾病的药剂。本发明的另一方面涉及本发明的化合物用于抑制哺乳动物的NEP酶的用途。本发明的另一方面涉及本发明的化合物作为研究工具的用途。本文公开本发明的其它方面和实施例。
具体实施方式
当描述本发明的化合物、组合物、方法和工艺时,除非另外指示,否则以下术语具有以下含义。另外,除非使用的上下文另外明确指示,否则如本文中所用,单数形式“一(a)”、“一(an)”和“所述”包括相应的复数形式。术语“包含”、“包括”和“具有”意图为包括性的并且意指可能存在除所列要素以外的其它要素。除非另外指示,否则本文中所用的表示成分数量、性质(例如分子量)、反应条件等的所有数值都应理解为在所有情况下都由术语“约”修饰。因此,本文中所阐述的数值为可视本发明所设法获得的所需性质而变化的近似值。至少,并且不希望等同原则(doctrine of equivalents)的应用限于权利要求书的范围,每个数值应至少根据所报导的有效数位并且应用一般舍位技术来解释。
术语“烷基”意指可为直链或分支链的单价饱和烃基。除非另有规定,否则所述烷基通常含有1到10个碳原子并且包括例如-C1-6烷基,意指具有1到6个碳原子的烷基,其中所述碳原子呈任何可接受的构型。代表性烷基以实例的方式包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基等等。
如本文中所用,片语“具有式”或“具有结构”不欲具有限制性并且使用方式与通常使用术语“包含”的方式相同。举例来说,如果描述一种结构,那么应了解,除非另外说明,否则涵盖所有立体异构体和互变异构体形式。
术语“药学上可接受”是指当在本发明中使用时物质不为生物学上不可接受或在其它方面不可接受。举例来说,术语“药学上可接受的载剂”是指可并入组合物中并且向患者投与而不引起不可接受的生物效应或不以不可接受的方式与组合物的其它组分相互作用的物质。所述药学上可接受的物质通常满足毒物学和制造测试的所需标准,并且包括由美国食品与药物管理局(U.S.Food and Drug administration)鉴别为适合的非活性成分的那些物质。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”意指由可为投与患者(例如哺乳动物)所接受的碱或酸制备的盐(例如对于既定给药方案具有可接受的哺乳动物安全性的盐)。然而,应了解本发明所涵盖的盐并不需要为药学上可接受的盐,例如不欲投与患者的中间化合物的盐。药学上可接受的盐可衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱或有机碱,和衍生自药学上可接受的无机酸或有机酸。另外,当式I化合物含有碱性部分(例如胺、吡啶或咪唑)与酸性部 分(例如羧酸或四唑)时,可形成两性离子并且其包括在如本文中所用的术语“盐”内。衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱的盐包括铵盐、钙盐、铜盐、铁盐、亚铁盐、锂盐、镁盐、锰盐、亚锰盐、钾盐、钠盐和锌盐等等。衍生自药学上可接受的有机碱的盐包括伯、仲和叔胺的盐,所述胺包括经取代的胺、环胺、天然产生的胺等等,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱(betaine)、咖啡碱(caffeine)、胆碱(choline)、N,N′-二苯甲基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、还原葡糖胺(glucamine)、葡糖胺(glucosamine)、组氨酸、海卓胺(hydrabamine)、异丙胺、赖氨酸、甲基葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因(procaine)、嘌呤、可可豆碱(theobromine)、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、缓血酸胺(tromethamine)等等。衍生自药学上可接受的无机酸的盐包括硼酸、碳酸、氢卤酸(氢溴酸、盐酸、氢氟酸或氢碘酸)、硝酸、磷酸、氨磺酸和硫酸的盐。衍生自药学上可接受的有机酸的盐包括以下各酸的盐:脂肪族羟基酸(例如柠檬酸、葡糖酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、苹果酸和酒石酸)、脂肪族单羧酸(例如乙酸、丁酸、甲酸、丙酸和三氟乙酸)、氨基酸(例如天冬氨酸和谷氨酸)、芳香族羧酸(例如苯甲酸、对氯苯甲酸、二苯基乙酸、龙胆酸(gentisic acid)、马尿酸(hippuric acid)和三苯基乙酸)、芳香族羟基酸(例如邻羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、1-羟基萘-2-甲酸和3-羟基萘-2-甲酸)、抗坏血酸、二羧酸(例如反丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸、乙二酸和丁二酸)、葡糖醛酸、杏仁酸、粘液酸、烟碱酸、乳清酸、双羟酸、泛酸、磺酸(例如苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、1,2-乙烷二磺酸、乙烷磺酸、羟乙基磺酸、甲烷磺酸、萘磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、萘-2,6-二磺酸和对甲苯磺酸)、羟萘甲酸等等。
如本文中所用,术语“前药”欲意指在体内生理条件下例如通过正常代谢过程转化为其活性形式的非活性(或活性显著较小)药物前驱体。所述化合物在NEP下可能未必具有药理学活性,但可经口或不经肠投与并且随后在体内代谢形成在NEP下具有药理学活性的化合物。
术语“治疗有效量”意指当投与有需要的患者时足以实现治疗的量,即获得所需治疗效果所需的药物的量。举例来说,治疗高血压的治疗有效量为例如减轻、抑制、消除或预防高血压的症状或治疗高血压的潜伏病因所需的化合物的量。在一个实施例中,治疗有效量为降低血压所需的药物的量或维持正常血压所需的药物的量。另一方面,术语“有效量”意指足以获得可能未必为治疗结果的所需结果的量。举例来说,当研究包含NEP酶的系统时,“有效量”可为抑制所述酶所需的量。
如本文中所用,术语“治疗(treating)”或“治疗(treatment)”意指治疗患者(例如哺乳动物,尤其为人类)的疾病或医学病状(例如高血压),其包括以下一或多者:(a)防止疾病或医学病状出现,即防止疾病或医学病状复发或预防性治疗易患所述疾病或医学病状的患者;(b)改善疾病或医学病状,即消除患者的疾病或医学病状或使所述疾病或医学病状消退;(c)抑制疾病或医学病状,即减缓或阻止患者的疾病或医学病状发展;或(d)减轻患者的疾病或医学病状的症状。举例来说,术语“治疗高血压”将包括防止高血压发生、改善高血压、抑制高血压和减轻高血压的症状(例如降低血压)。术语“患者”意图包括需要治疗或预防疾病或目前正治疗以预防疾病或治疗特定疾病或医学病状的那些哺乳动物(例如人类),以及正评估或在分析(例如动物模型)中使用结晶化合物的测试个体。
本文中所用的所有其它术语都意图具有如所属领域的技术人员所了解的其一般含义。
本发明的化合物含有一或多个手性中心,并且因此,这些化合物可以多种立体异构形式制备和使用。在一些实施例中,为使本发明化合物的治疗活性最佳化,例如为治疗高血压,可能需要碳原子具有特定(R,R)、(S,S)、(S,R)或(R,S)构型或在具有所述构型的立体异构形式中增浓。在其它实施例中,本发明的化合物以外消旋混合物形式存在。因此,除非另外指示,否则本发明还涉及外消旋混合物、纯立体异构体(例如对映异构体和非对映异构体)、立体异构体增浓混合物等等。当本文中描述无任何立体化学的化学结构时,应了解所述结构涵盖所有可能的立体异构体。类似地,当本文中展示或命名特定立体异构体时,所属领域的技术人员应了解除非另外指示,否则少量其它立体异构体可能存在于本发明的组合物中,其限制条件为所述组合物的效用总体上不因存在所述其它异构体而消除。个别立体异构体可通过所属领域中众所周知的众多方法获得,包括使用适合手性固定相或支撑物的手性色谱法,或通过将其化学转化成非对映异构体,用例如色谱法或再结晶的常规方法分离非对映异构体,接着再生原始立体异构体来获得。
另外,除非另外规定,否则当适用时,本发明化合物的所有顺-反或E/Z异构体(几何异构体)、互变异构形式和拓扑异构形式都包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明的化合物以及其合成中所用的那些化合物也可包括经同位素标记的化合物,即其中一或多个原子已用原子质量不同于在自然界中主要所见的原子质量的原子增浓。可并入式I化合物中的同位素的实例例如包括(但不限于)2H、3H、13C、14C、 15N、18O、17O、35S、36Cl和18F。特别令人感兴趣的为氚或碳-14增浓的式I化合物,其可用于例如组织分布研究;尤其在产生例如具有较高代谢稳定性的化合物的代谢部位处氘增浓的式I化合物;和正电子发射同位素(例如11C、18F、15O和13N)增浓的式I化合物,其可用于例如正电子发射断层摄影(Positron Emission Topography,PET)研究中。
本文中用于命名本发明的化合物的命名法在本文的实例中加以说明。此命名法已使用市售AutoNom软体(加利福尼亚州圣里安德鲁的MDL公司(MDL,San Leandro,California))获得。
美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号具体公开(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸,其由式I′表示:
在一个实施例中,此化合物以活性形式提及并且以前药形式投与,所述前药在体内代谢形成式I′化合物。美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号还公开式I′化合物的乙酯前药。
本发明的一个方面涉及式I′化合物的其它前药。这些前药由式XII表示,其中Ra为H,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式I表示:
其中R2为H,R4为-OH,并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2为H,R4选自-O-苯甲基、-OCHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2和-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基,并且R7选自H和-CH2OC(O)CH3;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为-OH,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式I化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H,R4为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CF3、-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3、苯甲基和
或R2为H,R4为-OCH2OC(O)CH3并且R7选自H和-CH2OC(O)CH3;或R2为H,R4选自-OCH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2和-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3,并且R7为H;或R2为H,R4为-O-苯甲基并且R7为H。
化合物(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸也具体公开于美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号中,并且由式II′表示:
在一个实施例中,此化合物以活性形式提及并且以前药形式投与,所述前药在体内代谢形成式II′化合物。美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号还公开式II′化合物的异丁酯前药。
本发明的另一方面涉及式II′化合物的其它前药。这些前药由式XII表示,其中Ra为H,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式II表示:
其中R2为H,R3为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R3选自-OC(O)CH2CH3、-OC(O)CH2CH(CH3)2、-OC(O)-苯基、-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2和-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R3为-OH,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式II化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H,R3为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-CH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、苯甲基和
化合物(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸也具体公开于美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号中,并且由式III′表示:
在一个实施例中,此化合物以活性形式提及并且以前药形式投与,所述前药在体内代谢形成式III′化合物。
本发明的另一方面涉及式III′化合物的其它前药。这些前药由式XII表示,其中Ra为H,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式III表示:
其中R2为H,R3为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2为H,R3选自-OC(O)CH2CH3、-OC(O)CH2CH(CH3)2、-OC(O)-苯基、-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2和-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R3为-OH,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式III化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H,R3为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
其中Rd为-CH(CH3)2。在式III化合物另一实施例中,R2为H,R3为-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为H。在式III化合物又一实施例中,R2为-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,R3为-OH,并且R7为H。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种式XII化合物,其中Ra为F,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式IV表示:
其中R2为H并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式IV化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H并且R7选自H和-CH2CH3。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种式XII化合物,其中Ra为H,Rb为C1,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式V表示:
其中R2为H并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式V化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H并且R7选自H和-CH2CH3。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种式XII化合物,其中Ra为H,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式VI表示:
其中R2为H并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式VI化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H并且R7选自H、-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH(CH3)2和-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3。
化合物(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-甲氧基-异噁唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸也具体公开于美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号中,并且由式VII′表示:
在一个实施例中,此化合物以活性形式提及并且以前药形式投与,所述前药在体内代谢形成式VII′化合物。
本发明的另一方面涉及式VII′化合物的其它前药。这些前药由式XII表示,其中Ra为H,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
其中R为H或-CH3。在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式VII表示:
其中R2为H并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和 -P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式VII化合物的一个特定实施例中,R为-CH3、R2为H,并且R7选自-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3和-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3。
化合物(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸也具体公开于美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号中,并且由式VIII′表示:
在一个实施例中,此化合物以活性形式提及并且以前药形式投与,所述前药在体内代谢形成式VIII′化合物。美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号还公开式VIII′化合物的异丙酯、乙酯、异丁酯和庚酯前药。
本发明的另一方面涉及式VIII′化合物的其它前药。这些前药由式XII表示,其中Ra为F,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式VIIIa或VIIIb表示:
其中R2为H,R4为-OH,并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、- CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2为H,R4选自-O-苯甲基、-OCHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和
并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为-OH,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式VIIIa和VIIIb的化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H,R4为-OH并且R7选自-CH2CF2CF3、-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH(CH3)2、-CH(CH3)OC(O)O-环己基、-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和
或R2为H,R4选自-OCH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和
并且R7为H。
化合物(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-氧代基-1-苯基-4,5-二氢-1H-[1,2,4]三 唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸也具体公开于美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号中,并且由式IX′表示:
在一个实施例中,此化合物以活性形式提及并且以前药形式投与,所述前药在体内代谢形成式IX′化合物。
本发明的另一方面涉及式IX′化合物的其它前药。这些前药由式XII表示,其中Ra为H,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式IX表示:
其中R2为H并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,并且R7为H;其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式IX化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H并且R7选自-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3和-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3。
化合物(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-2H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-联苯-4-基-2-羟基戊酸也具体公开于美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号中,并且由式X′表示:
在一个实施例中,此化合物以活性形式提及并且以前药形式投与,所述前药在体内代谢形成式X′化合物。美国专利公开案第2012/0157383号还公开式X′化合物的乙酯、丁酯、甲氧基乙酯、麦多米尔(medoxomil)酯、吗替酯(mofetil ester)和甲烷磺酰基乙酯前药。
本发明的另一方面涉及式X′化合物的其它前药。这些前药由式XII表示,其中Ra为H,Rb为H,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式Xa或Xb表示:
其中R2和R4为H,并且R7选自-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和苯甲基;或R2为H,R4选自-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为H,并且R7为H;或R2为H,R4为-CH2OP(O)(ORe)2或-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为-CH2CH3;或R2为-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,R4为H,并且R7为-CH2CH3;并且其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式Xa和Xb的化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2为H,R4为-CH2-OP(O)(OH)2或-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为-CH2CH3。在式Xa和Xb的化合物的另一实施例中,R2为-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,R4为H,并且R7为-CH2CH3。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种式XII化合物,其中Ra为H,Rb为Cl,并且X为:
在一个实施例中,这些化合物由式XIa或XIb表示:
其中R2和R4为H,并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF3、-(CH2)2CF3、-CH2CF2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-C(CH3)(CF3)2、-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-(CH2)2-3OH、-CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3、-(CH2)2OCH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和苯甲基;或R2为H,R4选自-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为H;或R2选自-C(O)-C1-6烷基、-C(O)CHRd-NH2、-C(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和-P(O)(ORe)2,R4为H,并且R7为H;或R2为H,R4为-CH2OP(O)(ORe)2或-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为-CH2CH3;或R2为-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,R4为H,并且R7为-CH2CH3;并且其中每个Rc独立地为H或-C1-3烷基;每个Rd独立地为H、-CH3、-CH(CH3)2、苯基或苯甲基;并且每个Re独立地为H、-C1-6烷基或苯基;或其药学上可接受的盐。
在式XIa和XIb的化合物的一个特定实施例中,R2、R4和R7为H。在式XIa和XIb的化合物的另一实施例中,R2和R4为H,并且R7为-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3。
通用合成程序
本发明的化合物可使用以下通用方法、实例中所阐述的程序由易于获得的起始物质制备,或通过使用所属领域的技术人员已知的其它方法、试剂和起始物质来制备。尽管以下程序可说明本发明的一特定实施例,但应了解本发明的其它实施例可使用相同或类似方法或通过使用所属领域的技术人员已知的其它方法、试剂和起始物质类似地制备。还应了解,除非另外规定,否则当指定典型或较佳加工条件(例如反应温度、时间、反应物的摩尔比、溶剂、压力等)时,也可使用其它加工条件。在一些情况下,在室温下进行反应并且未获得实际温度测量结果。应了解室温可用以意指通常与实验室环境中的周围温度相关的范围内的温度,并且通常在约18℃到约30℃的范围内。在 其它情况下,在室温下进行反应并且实际测量并记录温度。尽管最佳反应条件通常将视所用的各种反应参数(例如所用特定反应物、溶剂和数量)而变化,但所属领域的技术人员可易于使用常规最佳化程序来确定适合的反应条件。
另外,如将为所属领域的技术人员显而易知,常规保护基可为防止某些官能团经历不合需要的反应所必需或所需要。选择适用于特定官能团的保护基以及适用于保护所述官能团和脱除其保护基的条件和试剂为所属领域中众所周知。必要时,可使用除本文所述的程序中说明的保护基以外的保护基。举例来说,许多保护基和其引入和去除描述于格林和威兹,有机合成中的保护基,第四版,威利,纽约,2006(T.W.Greene and G.M.Wuts,Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis,Fourth Edition,Wiley,New York,2006)和其中引用的文献中。
羧基保护基适于防止在羧基处发生不合需要的反应,并且实例包括(但不限于)甲基、乙基、叔丁基、苯甲基(Bn)、对甲氧基苯甲基(PMB)、9-芴基甲基(Fm)、三甲基硅烷基(TMS)、叔丁基二甲基硅烷基(TBDMS)、二苯基甲基(二苯甲基,DPM)等等。氨基保护基适于防止在氨基处发生不合需要的反应,并且实例包括(但不限于)叔丁氧羰基(BOC)、三苯甲基(Tr)、苯甲氧羰基(Cbz)、9-芴基甲氧羰基(Fmoc)、甲酰基、三甲基硅烷基(TMS)、叔丁基二甲基硅烷基(TBDMS)等等。
使用标准脱除保护基技术和试剂去除保护基,并且可视所用基团而变化。举例来说,当羧基保护基为甲基时,通常使用氢氧化钠或氢氧化锂,当羧基保护基为乙基或叔丁基时,通常使用例如TFA或HCl(例如4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液)的酸,并且当羧基保护基为苯甲基时,可使用H2/Pd/C。可使用例如含TFA的DCM或含HCl的1,4-二噁烷等酸性试剂去除BOC氨基保护基,而可通过利用例如H2(1个大气压)和含10%Pd/C的醇溶剂(“H2/Pd/C”)等催化氢化条件去除Cbz氨基保护基。
离去基团为可在取代反应(例如亲核取代反应)中由另一官能团或原子置换的官能团或原子。举例来说,代表性离去基团包括氯基、溴基和碘基;磺酸酯基,例如甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯、溴苯磺酸酯、硝基苯磺酸酯等等;和酰氧基,例如乙酰氧基、三氟乙酰氧基等等。
适合用于这些方案中的碱包括(藉助于说明而非限制)碳酸钾、碳酸钙、碳酸钠、三乙胺(Et3N)、吡啶、1,8-二氮杂双环-[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)、4-甲基吗啉、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、叔丁醇钾和金属氢化物。
适合用于这些方案中的惰性稀释剂或溶剂包括(藉助于说明而非限制)四氢呋喃(THF)、乙腈(MeCN)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、甲苯、二氯甲烷(DCM)、氯仿(CHCl3)、四氯化碳(CCl4)、1,4-二噁烷、甲醇、乙醇、水、乙醚、丙酮等等。
适合的羧酸/胺偶合试剂包括六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲基氨基)鏻(BOP)、六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三吡咯烷基鏻(PyBOP)、六氟磷酸N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)(HATU)、1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺(DCC)、N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N′-乙基碳化二亚胺(EDC)、羰基二咪唑(CDI)、1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)等等。偶合反应在例如DIPEA等碱存在下于惰性稀释剂中进行,并且在常规酰胺键形成条件下进行。
所有反应通常都在约-78℃到100℃的范围内的温度下,例如在室温下进行。反应可通过使用薄层色谱法(TLC)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和/或LCMS监测直到完成。反应可在数分钟内完成,或可花数小时,通常1-2小时并且长达48小时。在完成后,所得混合物或反应产物可进一步处理以获得所需产物。举例来说,可对所得混合物或反应产物进行以下一或多种程序:浓缩或分配(例如在EtOAc与水之间或在5%THF的EtOAc溶液与1M磷酸之间);萃取(例如用EtOAc、CHCl3、DCM、氯仿);洗涤(例如用饱和NaCl水溶液、NaHCO3饱和水溶液、Na2CO3(5%)、CHCl3或1M NaOH);干燥(例如经MgSO4、经Na2SO4或在真空中);过滤;结晶(例如自EtOAc和己烷中);浓缩(例如在真空中);和/或纯化(例如硅胶色谱法、快速色谱法、制备型HPLC、逆相HPLC或结晶)。
举例说明,本发明的化合物以及其盐可如方案I-IV中所示制备。
方案I
方案I为酯基转移反应。一般地,此反应涉及使酯在热、所需醇(HO-R7)和适合的酸催化剂(例如盐酸)下反应。HO-R7醇可购得或可通过所属领域中已知或本文所述的技术来制备。例示性HO-R7化合物包括HO-CH2CF3、HO-(CH2)2CF3、HO-CH2CF2CH3、HO-CH2CF2CF3、HO-C(CH3)(CF3)2、HO-CH(CH2CH3)CF3、HO-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、苯甲醇和
方案II
方案II为亲核取代反应,其中L为适合的离去基团。一般在适合的碱(例如三乙胺)存在下于适合的惰性稀释剂或溶剂(例如丙酮)中进行此反应。L-R7化合物可购得或可通过所属领域中已知或本文所述的技术来制备。例示性L-R7化合物包括Br-(CH2)2OH、Br-(CH2)3OH、Br-(CH2)2OCH3、Br-CH2OC(O)CH3、Cl-CH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、Cl-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3、Cl-CH2OC(O)OCH(CH3)2、Cl-CH2OC(O)O-环己基、(S)-2-苯甲氧羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酸氯甲酯和(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酸氯甲酯。
或者,在方案II中,在使用HOBt和EDC的偶合反应中使用醇来代替L-R7,例如HO-C2-4亚烷基-N(CH3)2。
方案III
方案III为亲核取代反应,其中L为适合的离去基团。一般在适合的碱(例如N,N-二异丙基乙胺)存在下于适合的惰性稀释剂或溶剂(例如二氯甲烷)中进行此反应。L-R2化合物可购得或可通过所属领域中已知或本文所述的技术来制备。例示性L-R2化合物包括Cl-C(O)-CH3、Cl-C(O)-CH(CH3)2和Cl-C(O)-CH2CH(CH3)2。
方案IV
方案IV为偶合反应,其中P为H或适合的氨基保护基。当P为氨基保护基时,方法进一步包含在偶合步骤前或在偶合步骤当场脱除化合物的保护基。例示性偶合剂包括HATU和HOBt与EDC。一般在例如DIPEA或4-甲基吗啉等碱和例如DMF或DMA等惰性稀释剂或溶剂存在下进行这些反应。羧酸起始物质一般可购得或可使用所属领域中已知的程序来制备。
关于制备本发明的代表性化合物或其中间物的特定反应条件和其它程序的其它详情在下文所阐述的实例中加以描述。
效用
式I′-III′和VII′-X′的化合物具有作为脑啡肽酶抑制剂的活性,并且预期具有作为脑啡肽酶抑制剂的治疗效用。这些化合物的前药一旦在体内代谢,就可预期具有相同效用。因此,当讨论本发明化合物的活性时,应了解这些前药一旦代谢就具有预期的活性。
例示性分析包括(藉助于说明而非限制)测量NEP抑制的分析。适用的第二分析包括测量ACE抑制和氨基肽酶P(APP)抑制的分析(例如如萨尔皮兹奥等人(2005)药理学与实验治疗学杂志315:1306-1313(Sulpizio et al.(2005)JPET 315:1306-1313)中所述)。评估麻醉大鼠中ACE和NEP的体内抑制性效力的药效学分析描述于西摩等人(1985)高血压7(增刊I):I-35-I-42(Seymour et al.(1985)Hypertension 7(Suppl I):I-35-I-42)和维格尔等人(1992)加拿大生理学与药理学杂志70:1525-1528(Wigle et al.(1992)Can.J.Physiol.Pharmacol.70:1525-1528)中,其中以血管紧张素I加压反应的抑制百分比测量ACE抑制并且以增加的尿环状3′,5′-单磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)输出量测量NEP抑制。
还有可使用的许多体内分析。意识自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)模型为肾素依赖性高血压模型。参见例如因廷根等人(1999)循环100(22):2267-2275(Intengan et al.(1999)Circulation 100(22):2267-2275)和巴德亚等人(2003)印度药学杂志35:349-362(Badyalet al.(2003)Indian Journal of Pharmacology 35:349-362)。意识乙酸脱氧皮质酮-盐(DOCA-盐)大鼠模型为体积依赖性高血压模型,其适用于测量NEP活性。参见例如特拉帕尼等人(1989)心血管药理学杂志14:419-424(Trapani et al.(1989)J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.14:419-424),因廷根等人(1999)高血压34(4):907-913(Intengan et al.(1999)Hypertension 34(4):907-913),和巴德亚等人(2003)同上(Badyal et al.(2003)supra))。DOCA-盐模型尤其适用于评估测试化合物降低血压的能力以及测量测试化合物防止或延迟血压上升的能力。Dahl盐敏感性(DSS)高血压大鼠模型为对膳食盐(NaCl)敏感的高血压模型,并且例如描述于拉普(1982)高血压4:753-763(Rapp(1982)Hypertension 4:753-763)中。例如卡托等人(2008)心血管药理学杂志51(1):18-23(Kato et al.(2008)J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.51(1):18-23)中所述的肺动脉高血压的大鼠野百合碱模型为用于治疗肺动脉高血压的临床功效的可靠预测者。心脏衰竭动物模型包括用于心脏衰竭的DSS大鼠模型和主动脉腔静脉瘘模型(动静脉分流(AV shunt)),其中后者例如描述于诺林等人(1996)美国肾脏病学会杂志7:1038-1044(Norling et al.(1996)J.Amer.Soc.Nephrol.7:1038-1044)中。其它动物模型(例如热板、闪尾和福马林(formalin)测试)以及神经痛的脊神经结扎(SNL)模型可用于测量化合物的止痛性质。参见例如马尔姆贝里等人(1999)神经科学实验室指南8.9.1-8.9.15(Malmberg et al.(1999)Current Protocols in Neuroscience 8.9.1-8.9.15)。可使用所属领域的技术人员众所周知的多种体外和体内分析证明化合物的其它性质和效用。
预期本发明的化合物适用于治疗和/或预防对NEP抑制作出反应的医学病状。因此,预期罹患通过抑制NEP酶或通过增加其肽底物的含量来治疗的疾病或病症的患者可通过投与治疗有效量的本发明化合物来治疗。举例来说,预期这些化合物通过抑制NEP可增强由NEP代谢的内源性肽的生物作用,例如利尿钠肽、铃蟾素(bombesin)、缓激肽、抑钙素(calcitonin)、内皮素(endothelins)、脑啡肽、神经调压素(neurotensin)、物质P和血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide)。因此,预期这些化合物例如对肾系统、中枢神经系统、生殖系统和胃肠系统具有其它生理作用。
心血管疾病
预期本发明的化合物可通过增强如利尿钠肽和缓激肽等血管活性肽的作用而适用于治疗和/或预防例如心血管疾病等医学病状。参见例如罗克斯等人(1993)药理学评论45:87-146(Roques et al.(1993)Pharmacol.Rev.45:87-146)和登普西等人(2009)美国病理学杂志174(3):782-796(Dempsey et al.(2009)Amer.J.of Pathology 174(3):782-796)。备受关注的心血管疾病包括高血压和心脏衰竭。高血压包括(藉助于说明而非限制):原发性高血压,其又称为原发性高血压或特发性高血压;继发性高血压;伴有肾病的高血压;伴有或不伴有肾病的重度高血压;肺高血压,包括肺动脉高血压;和顽固性高血压。心脏衰竭(藉助于说明而非限制)包括:充血性心脏衰竭;急性心脏衰竭;慢性心脏衰竭,例如伴有左心室射血分数降低(又称为收缩性心脏衰竭)或伴有左心室射血分数保持(又称为舒张性心脏衰竭);和急性与慢性代偿失调心脏衰竭,伴有或不伴有肾病。因此,本发明的一个实施例涉及一种治疗高血压、尤其原发性高血压或肺动脉高血压的方法,其包含向患者投与治疗有效量的本发明化合物。
为治疗原发性高血压,治疗有效量通常为足以降低患者的血压的量。此将包括轻度到中度高血压与重度高血压。当用于治疗高血压时,化合物可与其它治疗剂组合投与,例如醛固酮拮抗剂、血管收缩素转化酶抑制剂和双重作用血管收缩素转化酶/脑啡肽酶抑制剂、血管收缩素转化酶2(ACE2)活化剂和刺激剂、血管收缩素II疫苗、抗糖尿病剂、抗脂质剂、抗血栓剂、AT1受体拮抗剂和双重作用AT1受体拮抗剂/脑啡肽酶抑制剂、β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、双重作用β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂/α1-受体拮抗剂、钙通道阻断剂、利尿剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂、内皮素转化酶抑制剂、脑啡肽酶抑制剂、利尿钠肽和其类似物、利尿钠肽清除受体拮抗剂、氧化氮供体、非类固醇消炎剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(具体为PDE-V抑制剂)、前列腺素受体促效剂、肾素抑制剂、可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(guanylate cyclase)刺激剂和活化剂、和其组合。在本发明的一个特定实施例中,本发明的化合物与AT1受体拮抗剂、利尿剂、钙通道阻断剂或其组合组合,并且用于治疗原发性高血压。在本发明的另一特定实施例中,本发明的化合物与AT1受体拮抗剂组合,并且用于治疗伴有肾病的高血压。
为治疗肺动脉高血压,治疗有效量通常为足以降低肺血管阻力的量。疗法的其它目的在于改善患者的运动能力。举例来说,在临床环境中,治疗有效量可为改善患者舒适步行6分钟时段(覆盖约20-40公尺的距离)的能力的量。当用于治疗肺动脉高血压时,化合物可与其它治疗剂组合投与,例如α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂、β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、β2-肾上腺素能受体促效剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、抗凝剂、钙通道阻断剂、利尿剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂、PDE-V抑制剂、前列腺素类似物、选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂和其组合。在本发明的一个特定实施例中,本发明的化合物与PDE-V抑制剂或选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂组合并且用于治疗肺动脉高血压。
本发明的另一实施例涉及一种治疗心脏衰竭、尤其充血性心脏衰竭(包括收缩性与舒张性充血性心脏衰竭)的方法,其包含向患者投与治疗有效量的本发明化合物。通 常,治疗有效量为足以降低血压和/或改善肾功能的量。在临床环境中,治疗有效量可为足以改善心脏血液动力学,如例如降低楔压(wedge pressure)、右心房压力、填充压和血管阻力的量。在一个实施例中,化合物以静脉内剂型投与。当用于治疗心脏衰竭时,化合物可与其它治疗剂组合投与,例如腺苷受体拮抗剂、晚期糖化终产物(advanced glycation endproduct)阻断剂、醛固酮拮抗剂、AT1受体拮抗剂、β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、双重作用β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂/α1-受体拮抗剂、凝乳酶(chymase)抑制剂、地高辛(digoxin)、利尿剂、内皮素转化酶(ECE)抑制剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂、利尿钠肽和其类似物、利尿钠肽清除受体拮抗剂、氧化氮供体、前列腺素类似物、PDE-V抑制剂、可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶活化剂和刺激剂、和升压素(vasopressin)受体拮抗剂。在本发明的一个特定实施例中,本发明的化合物与醛固酮拮抗剂、β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、AT1受体拮抗剂或利尿剂组合,并且用于治疗充血性心脏衰竭。
腹泻
预期本发明的化合物作为NEP抑制剂可抑制内源性脑啡肽的降解并且因此所述化合物也可适用于治疗腹泻,包括感染性和分泌性/水性腹泻。参见例如鲍默等人(1992)消化道33:753-758(Baumer et al.(1992)Gut 33:753-758);法新(2006)消化病24:47-58(Farthing(2006)Digestive Diseases 24:47-58);和玛卡斯·柯拉多(1987)欧洲药理学杂志144(2):125-132(Marcais-Collado(1987)Eur.J.Pharmacol.144(2):125-132)。当用于治疗腹泻时,本发明的化合物可与一或多种其它止泻药治疗组合。
肾病
预期本发明的化合物可通过增强如利尿钠肽和缓激肽等血管活性肽的作用来增强肾功能(参见陈等人(1999)循环100:2443-2448(Chen et al.(1999)Circulation 100:2443-2448);利普金等人(1997)国际肾脏期刊52:792-801(Lipkin et al.(1997)KidneyInt.52:792-801);和杜索乐等人(1993)临床科学84:31-39(Dussaule et al.(1993)Clin.Sci.84:31-39))并且适用于治疗和/或预防肾病。备受关注的肾病包括糖尿病性肾病、慢性肾病、蛋白尿症,和尤其急性肾损伤或急性肾衰竭(参见沙尔科夫斯基等人(2011)临床实验室57:507-515(Sharkovska et al.(2011)Clin.Lab.57:507-515)和纽沃兹等人(2010)肾衰竭32:384-390(Newaz et al.(2010)Renal Failure 32:384-390))。当用于治疗肾病时,化合物可与其它治疗剂组合投与,例如血管收缩素转化酶抑制剂、AT1受体拮抗剂和利尿剂。
预防性疗法
由于利尿钠肽的抗肥厚性和抗纤维化作用,还预期本发明的化合物可通过增强利尿钠肽的作用而适用于预防性疗法(参见波特等人(2009)实验药理学手册191:341-366(Potter et al.(2009)Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 191:341-366)),例如防止心肌梗塞后心机能不全进展,防止血管成形术后动脉再狭窄,防止血管手术后血管壁变厚,防止动脉粥样硬化,和防止糖尿病性血管病变。
青光眼
预期本发明的化合物可通过增强利尿钠肽的作用而适用于治疗青光眼。参见例如迪斯泰尔霍斯特等人(1989)国际眼科杂志12:99-101(Diestelhorst et al.(1989)International Ophthalmology 12:99-101)。当用于治疗青光眼时,本发明的化合物可与一或多种其它抗青光眼药剂组合。
疼痛缓解
预期本发明的化合物作为NEP抑制剂可抑制内源性脑啡肽的降解并且因此所述化合物也可适用作止痛剂。参见例如罗克斯等人(1980)自然288:286-288(Roques et al.(1980)Nature 288:286-288)和泰纳瓦拉等人(2008)当代药物靶体9:887-894(Thanawalaet al.(2008)Current Drug Targets 9:887-894)。当用于治疗疼痛时,本发明的化合物可与一或多种其它镇痛药物组合,例如氨基肽N或二肽基肽酶III抑制剂、非类固醇消炎剂、单胺再吸收抑制剂、肌肉松弛剂、NMDA受体拮抗剂、类鸦片受体促效剂、5-HT1D血清素受体促效剂和三环抗抑郁剂。
其它效用
由于本发明化合物的NEP抑制性质,还预期其适用作止咳剂,以及适用于治疗与肝硬化相关的门静脉高压(参见萨索耶等人(2005)肝脏病学杂志43:791-798(Sansoe et al.(2005)J.Hepatol.43:791-798))、癌症(参见韦斯利(2005)研究医学杂志53:360-365(Vesely(2005)J.Investigative Med.53:360-365))、抑郁症(参见诺贝尔等人(2007)治疗靶体专家评论11:145-159(Noble et al.(2007)Exp.Opin.Ther.Targets 11:145-159))、月经失调、早产、先兆子痫、子宫内膜异位症、生殖病症(例如男性与女性不育症、多囊性卵巢症候群、植入失败)和男性与女性性功能障碍(包括男性勃起困难和女性性唤醒病症)。更特定言的,预期本发明的化合物适用于治疗女性性功能障碍(参见普赖德等人(2006)医药化学杂志49:4409-4424(Pryde et al.(2006)J.Med.Chem.49:4409-4424)),其通常定义为女性患者难以或无法对性表现感到满意。此涵盖多种不同女性性功能障碍,包括(藉助于说明而非限制)机能减退性性欲病症(hypoactive sexual desire disorder)、 性唤醒病症、性高潮病症和性疼痛病症。当用于治疗所述病症,尤其女性性功能障碍时,本发明的化合物可与一或多种以下第二药剂组合:PDE-V抑制剂、多巴胺(dopamine)促效剂、雌激素受体促效剂和/或拮抗剂、雄激素和雌激素。由于本发明化合物的NEP抑制性质,还预期其具有消炎性质,并且预期其尤其当与士他汀(statin)组合使用时同样地具有效用。
最新研究表明在胰岛素缺乏性糖尿病和膳食诱发性肥胖症中,NEP在调控神经功能方面起作用。科比等人(2011)神经药理学60:259-266(Coppey et al.(2011)Neuropharmacology 60:259-266)。因此,由于本发明化合物的NEP抑制性质,还预期其适用于提供保护以防由糖尿病或膳食诱发性肥胖症引起的神经损伤。
本发明化合物的每剂投与量或每天投与总量可预先确定或其可基于个别患者,考虑众多因素来确定,包括患者病状的性质和严重性;所治疗的病状;患者的年龄、体重和一般健康状况;患者对活性药剂的耐受性;投药途径;药理学考虑因素,例如所投与的化合物和任何第二药剂的活性、功效、药物动力学和毒理学概况;等等。治疗罹患疾病或医学病状(例如高血压)的患者可以预定剂量或由治疗医师确定的剂量开始,并且将持续一段为预防、改善、抑制或减轻疾病或医学病状的症状所必需的时间。经受所述治疗的患者通常将受常规监测以确定疗法的有效性。举例来说,在治疗高血压时,血压测量结果可用于确定治疗的有效性。本文所述的其它疾病和病状的类似指标为治疗医师众所周知并且易于使用。医师进行连续监测将确保在任何既定时间投与最佳量的本发明化合物,以及有助于确定治疗持续时间。当还投与第二药剂时,此特别有价值,因为所述第二药剂的选择、剂量和治疗持续时间也可能需要调整。以此方式,可在治疗过程中调整治疗方案和给药时程以便投与展现所需有效性的最低量的活性药剂并且另外只要是成功治疗疾病或医学病状必需,便可连续投药。
研究工具
因为本发明的化合物在体内代谢为具有作为脑啡肽酶抑制剂活性的化合物,所以其亦适用作探查或研究具有NEP酶的生物系统或样品的研究工具,例如研究NEP酶或其肽底物起作用的疾病。因此,本发明的一个方面涉及一种使用本发明的化合物作为研究工具的方法,其包含使用本发明的化合物进行生物分析。具有NEP酶的任何适合生物系统或样品都可用于可在体外或体内进行的所述研究中。适于所述研究的代表性生物系统或样品包括(但不限于)细胞、细胞提取物、质膜、组织样品、分离的器官、哺乳动物(例如小鼠、大鼠、天竺鼠、兔、狗、猪、人类等)等等,其中哺乳动物备受关 注。在本发明的一个特定实施例中,哺乳动物中的NEP酶活性通过投与NEP抑制量的本发明化合物来抑制。这些化合物也可通过使用所述化合物进行生物分析来用作研究工具。
当用作研究工具时,通常使包含NEP酶的生物系统或样品与NEP酶抑制量的本发明化合物接触。在生物系统或样品暴露于化合物后,使用常规程序和设备,例如通过在结合分析中测量受体结合或在功能性分析中测量配体介导的变化来确定抑制NEP酶的作用。暴露涵盖使细胞或组织与化合物接触,例如通过腹膜内(i.p.)、口服(p.o)、静脉内(i.v.)、皮下(s.c.)或吸入投药等向哺乳动物投与结晶化合物。此确定步骤可涉及测量反应(定量分析)或可涉及进行观测(定性分析)。测量反应涉及例如使用常规程序和设备(例如酶活性分析)来确定化合物对生物系统或样品的作用和在功能性分析中测量酶底物或产物介导的变化。分析结果可用于确定为达成所需结果所必需的化合物的活性程度以及量,即NEP酶抑制量。通常,确定步骤将涉及确定抑制NEP酶的作用。
另外,本发明的化合物可用作评估其它化合物的研究工具,并且因此还适用于筛选分析中以发现例如具有NEP抑制活性的新颖化合物。因此,本发明的另一方面涉及一种在生物分析中评估测试化合物的方法,其包含:(a)用测试化合物进行生物分析以得到第一分析值;(b)用本发明的化合物进行所述生物分析以得到第二分析值;其中步骤(a)在步骤(b)前、步骤(b)后或与步骤(b)同时进行;和(c)将来自步骤(a)的第一分析值与来自步骤(b)的第二分析值相比较。例示性生物分析包括NEP酶抑制分析。以此方式,使用本发明的化合物作为分析中的标准物以允许比较由测试化合物和由本发明的化合物获得的结果以鉴别具有约相等或优良活性的那些测试化合物(若存在)。举例来说,对测试化合物或一组测试化合物的pKi数据与本发明化合物的pKi数据进行比较以鉴别具有所需性质的那些测试化合物(若存在),例如pKi值约等于或优于本发明化合物的测试化合物。本发明的此方面包括产生比较数据(使用适当分析)与分析测试数据作为分开实施例以鉴别相关测试化合物。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种研究包含NEP酶的生物系统或样品的方法,所述方法包含:(a)使所述生物系统或样品与本发明的化合物接触;和(b)测定由所述化合物对所述生物系统或样品所引起的作用。
医药组合物和调配物
本发明的化合物通常以医药组合物或调配物形式投患者与。所述医药组合物可通过任何可接受的投药途径投与患者,包括(但不限于)经口、经直肠、经阴道、经鼻、吸 入、表面(包括经皮)、经眼和不经肠投药模式。此外,本发明的化合物可例如以每天多次剂量(例如每天两次、三次或四次)、单次日剂量或单次周剂量经口投与。应了解适于特定投药模式的本发明化合物的任何形式(即游离碱、游离酸、药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物等)都可用于本文所论述的医药组合物中。
因此,在一个实施例中,本发明涉及一种包含药学上可接受的载剂和本发明的化合物的医药组合物。必要时,所述组合物可含有其它治疗剂和/或调配剂。当论述组合物时,“本发明的化合物”在本文中也可称为“活性剂”以将其与调配物的其它组分(例如载剂)区分。因此,应了解术语“活性剂”包括式I化合物以及此化合物的药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前药。
本发明的医药组合物通常含有治疗有效量的本发明化合物。然而,所属领域的技术人员应认识到医药组合物可含有大于治疗有效量(例如在大批组合物中)或小于治疗有效量(即经设计用于多次投药以达成治疗有效量的个别单位剂量)。通常,组合物将含有约0.01-95wt%活性剂,包括约0.01-30wt%,例如约0.01-10wt%,其中实际量视调配物本身、投药途径、给药频率等而定。在一个实施例中,适于口服剂型的组合物例如可含有约5-70wt%或约10-60wt%活性剂。
任何常规载剂或赋形剂可用于本发明的医药组合物中。对特定载剂或赋形剂或载剂或赋形剂的组合的选择将视用于治疗特定患者或特定类型的医学病况或疾病状态的投药模式而定。就此而言,制备适于特定投药模式的组合物完全在熟习医药技术者的技能范围内。另外,所述组合物中所用的载剂或赋形剂可购得。进一步藉助于说明,常规调配物技术描述于以下文献中:雷氏药学的理论与实践,第20版,利平科特·威廉斯·怀特出版公司,马里兰州的巴尔的摩(2000)(Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,20th Edition,Lippincott Williams&White,Baltimore,Maryland(2000));和安塞尔等人,药物剂型和药物递送系统第7版,利平科特·威廉斯·怀特出版公司,马里兰州的巴尔的摩(1999)(H.C.Ansel et al.,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug DeliverySystems,7thEdition,Lippincott Williams&White,Baltimore,Maryland(1999))。
可充当药学上可接受的载剂的物质的代表性实例包括(但不限于)以下各物:糖,例如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,例如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素,例如微晶纤维素和其衍生物,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;粉末状黄蓍胶;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,例如可可脂和栓剂蜡;油,例如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;二醇,例如丙二醇;多元醇,例如甘油、山 梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇;酯,例如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,例如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;海藻酸;无热原质水;等张生理盐水;林格氏溶液(Ringer′s solution);乙醇;磷酸盐缓冲溶液;压缩推进剂气体,例如氯氟碳化物和氢氟碳化物;和医药组合物中采用的其它无毒相容性物质。
通常通过充分并且精细混合或掺合活性剂与药学上可接受的载剂和一或多种任选的成分来制备医药组合物。接着可使用常规程序和设备使所得均一掺合的混合物成形为片剂、胶囊、丸剂、罐、药筒、分配器等等或装入其中。
在一个实施例中,医药组合物适于经口投药。适于经口投药的组合物可呈以下形式:胶囊、片剂、丸剂、口含锭、扁囊剂、糖衣药丸、散剂、颗粒;于水性或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液;水包油或油包水液体乳液;酏剂或糖浆;等等;每种含有预定量的活性剂。
当意图以固体剂型(胶囊、片剂、丸剂等等)经口投药时,组合物通常将包含活性剂和一或多种药学上可接受的载剂,例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙。固体剂型也可包含:填充剂或增量剂,例如淀粉、微晶纤维素、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇和/或硅酸;粘合剂,例如羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶(acacia);保湿剂,例如甘油;崩解剂,例如琼脂-琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、某些硅酸盐和/或碳酸钠;溶解延迟剂,例如石蜡;吸收促进剂,例如四级铵化合物;润湿剂,例如十六醇和/或甘油单硬脂酸酯;吸收剂,例如高岭土(kaolin)和/或膨润土(bentonite clay);润滑剂,例如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠和/或其混合物;着色剂;和缓冲剂。
释放剂、润湿剂、包覆包衣剂、甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂也可存在于医药组合物中。用于片剂、胶囊、丸剂等等的例示性包覆包衣剂包括用于肠溶包衣的包覆包衣剂,例如邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯酯邻苯二甲酸酯、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、偏苯三酸乙酸纤维素、羧甲基乙基纤维素、丁二酸乙酸羟丙基甲基纤维素等等。药学上可接受的抗氧化剂的实例包括:水溶性抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸盐酸盐、硫酸氢钠、偏亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠等等;油溶性抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚、丁基化羟基甲苯、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚等等;和金属螯合剂,例如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸、山梨糖醇、酒石酸、磷酸等等。
组合物也可使用例如不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素或其它聚合物基质、脂质体和/ 或微球体调配以提供活性剂的缓慢释放或控制释放。另外,本发明的医药组合物可含有乳白剂,并且可经调配以使其任选地以延迟方式仅或优先在胃肠道的某些部分释放活性剂。可使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物质和蜡。活性剂也可任选地与一或多种上述赋形剂一起呈微囊封形式。
适于经口投药的液体剂型包括(藉助于说明)药学上可接受的乳液、微乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆和酏剂。液体剂型通常包含活性剂和惰性稀释剂,例如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,例如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苯甲酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(例如棉籽油、落花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢呋喃基醇、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯和其混合物。悬浮液可含有悬浮剂,例如乙氧基化异硬脂基醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇和脱水山梨糖醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂-琼脂和黄蓍胶和其混合物。
当意图经口投药时,本发明的医药组合物可以单位剂型包装。术语“单位剂型”是指适于对患者给药的物理个别单元,即每个单元单独或与一或多种其它单元组合时含有经计算可产生所需治疗效果的预定量的活性剂。举例来说,所述单位剂型可为胶囊、片剂、丸剂等等。
在另一实施例中,本发明的组合物适于吸入投药,并且通常将呈气溶胶或散剂形式。通常使用众所周知的递送装置(例如喷雾器、干粉或定剂量吸入器)投与所述组合物。喷雾器装置产生高速气流,其使组合物喷成雾状而携带入患者的呼吸道中。例示性喷雾器调配物包含溶解于载剂中而形成溶液的活性剂,或经微米尺寸化并与载剂组合而形成具有可呼吸尺寸的微米尺寸化粒子悬浮液的活性剂。干粉吸入器投与呈自由流动粉末形式的活性剂,其在吸气期间分散于患者的气流中。例示性干粉调配物包含与赋形剂(例如乳糖、淀粉、甘露糖醇、右旋糖、聚乳酸、聚丙交酯-共-乙交酯和其组合)干式掺合的活性剂。定剂量吸入器使用压缩推进剂气体放出所测量的量的活性剂。例示性定剂量调配物包含活性剂于液化推进剂(例如氯氟碳化物或氢氟烷烃)中的溶液或悬浮液。所述调配物的任选的组分包括共溶剂,例如乙醇或戊烷;和表面活性剂,例如脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、油酸、卵磷脂、甘油和月桂基硫酸钠。所述组合物通常通过将经冷冻或加压的氢氟烷烃添加到含有活性剂、乙醇(若存在)和表面活性剂(若存在)的适合容器中来制备。为制备悬浮液,将活性剂微米尺寸化并且随后与推进剂组合。或者,悬浮液调配物可通过喷雾干燥经微米尺寸化的活性剂粒子上的表面活性剂涂层来制备。接着将调配物装入形成吸入器的一部分的气溶胶罐中。
本发明的化合物也可不经肠(例如通过皮下、静脉内、肌肉内或腹膜内注射)投与。对于所述投药,以无菌溶液、悬浮液或乳液形式提供活性剂。制备所述调配物的例示性溶剂包括水、生理盐水、低分子量醇(例如丙二醇)、聚乙二醇、油、明胶、脂肪酸酯(例如油酸乙酯)等等。不经肠调配物也可含有一或多种抗氧化剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。表面活性剂、其它稳定剂或pH值调整剂(酸、碱或缓冲剂)和抗氧化剂特别适用于对调配物提供稳定性,例如使可存在于化合物中的酯和酰胺键的水解、或硫醇的二聚化最小或避免。可通过使用无菌可注射介质、杀菌剂、过滤、照射或加热使这些调配物无菌。在一个特定实施例中,不经肠调配物包含环糊精水溶液作为药学上可接受的载剂。适合的环糊精包括在1,4位置处含有由键键联的六个或更多个α-D-葡萄吡喃糖单元的环状分子,如淀粉酶、β-环糊精或环庚直链淀粉(cycloheptaamylose)中。例示性环糊精包括环糊精衍生物,例如羟丙基环糊精和磺酸基丁基醚环糊精,例如羟丙基-β-环糊精和磺酸基丁基醚β-环糊精。所述调配物的例示性缓冲液包括基于羧酸的缓冲液,例如柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐和顺丁烯二酸盐缓冲溶液。
本发明的化合物也可使用已知经皮递送系统和赋形剂经皮投与。举例来说,化合物可与渗透增强剂(例如丙二醇、聚乙二醇单月桂酸酯、氮杂环烷-2-酮等等)混合,并且并入贴片或类似递送系统中。需要时,包括胶凝剂、乳化剂和缓冲剂在内的其它赋形剂可用于所述经皮组合物中。
第二药剂
本发明的化合物可适用于单独治疗疾病或可与一或多种其它治疗剂组合以获得所需治疗效果。因此,在一个实施例中,本发明的医药组合物含有与本发明的化合物共投与的其它药物。举例来说,所述组合物可另外包含一或多种药物(又称为“第二药剂”)。所述治疗剂为所属领域中众所周知,并且包括腺苷受体拮抗剂、α-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、β2-肾上腺素能受体促效剂、双重作用的β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂/α1-受体拮抗剂、晚期糖化终产物裂解剂、醛固酮拮抗剂、醛固酮合成酶抑制剂、氨基肽酶N抑制剂、雄激素、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂和双重作用的血管紧张素转化酶/脑啡肽酶抑制剂、血管紧张素转化酶2活化剂和刺激剂、血管紧张素II疫苗、抗凝血剂、抗糖尿病剂、止泻剂、抗青光眼剂、抗脂质剂、镇痛剂(antinociceptive agents)、抗血栓剂、AT1受体拮抗剂和双重作用的AT1受体拮抗剂/脑啡肽酶抑制剂和多功能血管紧张素受体阻断剂、缓激肽受体拮抗剂、钙通道阻断剂、凝乳酶抑制剂、地高辛、利尿剂、多巴胺促效剂、内皮素转化酶抑制剂、内皮素受体拮 抗剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、雌激素、雌激素受体促效剂和/或拮抗剂、单胺再吸收抑制剂、肌肉松弛剂、利尿钠肽和其类似物、利尿钠肽清除受体拮抗剂、脑啡肽酶抑制剂、氧化氮供体、非类固醇消炎剂、N-甲基d-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、类鸦片受体促效剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、前列腺素类似物、前列腺素受体促效剂、肾素抑制剂、选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂、钠通道阻断剂、可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂和活化剂、三环抗抑郁剂、升压素受体拮抗剂和其组合。这些药剂的特定实例详述于本文中。
因此,在本发明的另一方面中,医药组合物包含本发明的化合物、第二活性剂和药学上可接受的载剂。第三、第四活性剂等也可包括在组合物中。在组合疗法中,本发明化合物的投与量以及第二药剂的量可小于单一疗法中通常投与的量。
本发明的化合物可与第二活性剂物理混合以形成含有两种药剂的组合物;或每种药剂可存在于分开并且不同的组合物中,同时或在分开时间投与患者。举例来说,可使用常规程序和设备将本发明的化合物与第二活性剂组合以形成包含本发明的化合物和第二活性剂的活性剂组合。另外,活性剂可与药学上可接受的载剂组合以形成包含本发明的化合物、第二活性剂和药学上可接受的载剂的医药组合物。在此实施例中,通常混合或掺合组合物的组分以产生物理混合物。接着使用本文所述的任何途径以治疗有效量投与物理混合物。
或者,所述活性剂可在投与患者前保持分开和区别。在此实施例中,所述药剂在投药前不以物理方式混合在一起,而是以分开组合物同时或在分开时间投与。所述组合物可分开包装或可一起包装于试剂盒中。当在分开时间投与时,第二药剂通常将在投与本发明的化合物后24小时内(从投与本发明的化合物同时到投与后约24小时范围内的任何时间)投与。此又称为依序投药。因此,本发明的化合物与另一活性剂可使用两种片剂(每种活性剂一种片剂)同时或依序经口投与,其中依序可意指在投与本发明的化合物后立即投与或在某一预定时间后(例如1小时后或3小时后)投与。还预期第二药剂可在投与本发明的化合物后超过24小时投与。或者,所述组合可通过不同投药途径投与,即一种药剂经口投与并且另一药剂通过吸入投与。
在一个实施例中,试剂盒包含包括本发明的化合物的第一剂型和至少一种包括本文所述的一或多种第二药剂的其它剂型,其含量足以进行本发明的方法。第一剂型和第二(或第三等)剂型合起来包含用于治疗或预防患者疾病或医学病状的治疗有效量的活性剂。
当包括第二药剂时,其以治疗有效量存在以便其在与本发明的化合物共投与时通常以产生治疗有益作用的量投与。第二药剂可呈药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、光学纯立体异构体等形式。第二药剂也可呈前药形式,例如具有经酯化的羧酸基团的化合物。因此,本文所列的第二药剂意图包括所有所述形式,并且可购得或可使用常规程序和试剂来制备。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与腺苷受体拮抗剂组合投与,所述拮抗剂的代表性实例包括(但不限于)那昔茶碱(naxifylline)、罗咯茶碱(rolofylline)、SLV-320、茶碱(theophylline)和托纳普茶碱(tonapofylline)。
在一个实施例中,本发明化合物与α-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂组合投与,所述拮抗剂的代表性实例包括(但不限于)多沙唑嗪(doxazosin)、哌唑嗪(prazosin)、他苏洛辛(tamsulosin)和特拉唑嗪(terazosin)。
本发明的化合物也可与β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂(“β1-阻断剂”)组合投与。代表性β1-阻断剂包括(但不限于)醋丁洛尔(acebutolol)、阿普洛尔(alprenolol)、氨磺洛尔(amosulalol)、阿罗洛尔(arotinolol)、阿替洛尔(atenolol)、苯呋洛尔(befunolol)、倍他洛尔(betaxolol)、贝凡洛尔(bevantolol)、比索洛尔(bisoprolol)、波吲洛尔(bopindolol)、布新洛尔(bucindolol)、布库洛尔(bucumolol)、布非洛尔(bufetolol)、丁呋洛尔(bufuralol)、布尼洛尔(bunitrolol)、布拉洛尔(bupranolol)、巴布里丁(bubridine)、丁非洛尔(butofilolol)、卡拉洛尔(carazolol)、卡替洛尔(carteolol)、卡维地洛(carvedilol)、塞利洛尔(celiprolol)、塞他洛尔(cetamolol)、氯拉洛尔(cloranolol)、地来洛尔(dilevalol)、依泮洛尔(epanolol)、艾司洛尔(esmolol)、茚诺洛尔(indenolol)、拉贝洛尔(labetolol)、左布诺洛尔(levobunolol)、甲吲洛尔(mepindolol)、美替洛尔(metipranolol)、美托洛尔(metoprolol)(例如丁二酸美托洛尔和酒石酸美托洛尔)、莫普洛尔(moprolol)、纳多洛尔(nadolol)、萘肟洛尔(nadoxolol)、奈必洛尔(nebivalol)、尼普地洛(nipradilol)、氧烯洛尔(oxprenolol)、喷布洛尔(penbutolol)、培布洛尔(perbutolol)、品多洛尔(pindolol)、普拉洛尔(practolol)、丙萘洛尔(pronethalol)、普萘洛尔(propranolol)、索他洛尔(sotalol)、萨非洛尔(sufinalol)、塔尼多(talindol)、特他洛尔(tertatolol)、替利洛尔(tilisolol)、噻吗洛尔(timolol)、托利洛尔(toliprolol)、希苯洛尔(xibenolol)和其组合。在一个特定实施例中,β1-拮抗剂选自阿替洛尔、比索洛尔、美托洛尔、普萘洛尔、索他洛尔和其组合。通常,β1-阻断剂将以足以提供每剂约2-900mg的量投与。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与β2-肾上腺素能受体促效剂组合投与,所述促效剂的代表性实例包括(但不限于)舒喘宁(albuterol)、比托特罗(bitolterol)、非诺特罗(fenoterol)、福莫特罗(formoterol)、茚达特罗(indacaterol)、新异丙肾上腺素(isoetharine)、左旋沙丁胺醇(levalbuterol)、间羟异丙肾上腺素(metaproterenol)、吡布特罗(pirbuterol)、沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)、甲氧苯舒喘宁(salmefamol)、沙美特罗(salmeterol)、特布他林(terbutaline)、维兰特罗(vilanterol)等等。通常,β2-肾上腺素能受体促效剂将以足以提供每剂约0.05-500μg的量投与。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与晚期糖化终产物(AGE)阻断剂组合投与,所述阻断剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)阿拉格布(alagebrium)(或ALT-711)和TRC4149。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与醛固酮拮抗剂组合投与,所述拮抗剂的代表性实例包括(但不限于)依普利酮(eplerenone)、螺内酯(spironolactone)和其组合。通常,醛固酮拮抗剂将以足以提供每天约5-300mg的量投与。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与氨基肽酶N或二肽基肽酶III抑制剂组合投与,所述抑制剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)苯丁抑制素(bestatin)和PC18(2-氨基-4-甲基磺酰基丁烷硫醇、甲硫氨酸硫醇)。
本发明的化合物也可与血管收缩素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂组合投与。代表性ACE抑制剂包括(但不限于)阿库普利(accupril)、阿拉普利(alacepril)、贝那普利(benazepril)、贝那普利拉(benazeprilat)、卡托普利(captopril)、施瑞普利(ceranapril)、西拉普利(cilazapril)、地拉普利(delapril)、依那普利(enalapril)、依那普利拉(enalaprilat)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、福辛普利拉(fosinoprilat)、咪达普利(imidapril)、赖诺普利(lisinopril)、莫西普利(moexipril)、蒙诺普利(monopril)、莫福普利(moveltopril)、喷托普利(pentopril)、培哚普利(perindopril)、喹那普利(quinapril)、喹那普利拉(quinaprilat)、雷米普利(ramipril)、雷米普利拉(ramiprilat)、色拉新乙酸盐(saralasin acetate)、螺普利(spirapril)、替莫普利(temocapril)、群多普利(trandolapril)、佐芬普利(zofenopril)和其组合。
在一特定实施例中,ACE抑制剂选自:贝那普利、卡托普利、依那普利、赖诺普利、雷米普利和其组合。通常,ACE抑制剂将以足以提供每天约1-150mg的量投与。在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与双重作用血管紧张素转化酶/脑啡肽酶(ACE/NEP)抑制剂组合投与,其实例包括(但不限于):AVE-0848((4S,7S,12bR)-7-[3-甲基-2(S)-硫基丁酰胺基]-6-氧代基-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12b-八氢吡啶并[2,1-a][2]-苯并氮杂卓-4-甲酸);AVE-7688(艾尔帕曲(ilepatril))和其母化合物;BMS-182657(2-[2-氧代基-3(S)-[3-苯基- 2(S)-硫基丙酰胺基]-2,3,4,5-四氢-1H-1-苯并氮杂卓-1-基]乙酸);CGS-35601(N-[1-[4-甲基-2(S)-硫基戊酰胺基]环戊基-羰基]-L-色氨酸);法西多曲(fasidotril);法西多利拉(fasidotrilate);依那普利拉;ER-32935((3R,6S,9aR)-6-[3(S)-甲基-2(S)-硫基戊酰胺基]-5-氧代基全氢噻唑并[3,2-a]氮杂卓-3-甲酸);根帕曲拉(gempatrilat);MDL-101264((4S,7S,12bR)-7-[2(S)-(2-吗啉基乙酰基硫基)-3-苯基丙酰胺基]-6-氧代基-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12b-八氢吡啶并[2,1-a][2]苯并氮杂卓-4-甲酸);MDL-101287([4S-[4α,7α(R*),12bβ]]-7-[2-(羧基甲基)-3-苯基丙酰胺基]-6-氧代基-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12b-八氢吡啶并[2,1-a][2]苯并氮杂卓-4-甲酸);奥马曲拉(omapatrilat);RB-105(N-[2(S)-(巯基甲基)-3(R)-苯基丁基]-L-丙氨酸);山帕曲拉(sampatrilat);SA-898((2R,4R)-N-[2-(2-羟基苯基)-3-(3-巯基丙酰基)噻唑烷-4-基羰基]-L-苯基丙氨酸);Sch-50690(N-[1(S)-羧基-2-[N2-(甲烷磺酰基)-L-赖氨酰基氨基]乙基]-L-缬氨酰基-L-酪氨酸);和其组合,也可包括。在一个特定实施例中,ACE/NEP抑制剂选自:AVE-7688、依那普利拉、法西多曲、法西多利拉、奥马曲拉、山帕曲拉和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与血管收缩素转化酶2(ACE2)活化剂或刺激剂组合投与。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与血管收缩素II疫苗组合投与,所述疫苗的实例包括(但不限于)ATR12181和CYT006-AngQb。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与抗凝剂组合投与,所述抗凝剂的代表性实例包括(但不限于):香豆素,例如华法林(warfarin);肝素;和直接凝血酶抑制剂,例如阿加曲班(argatroban)、比伐卢定(bivalirudin)、达比加群(dabigatran)和来匹卢定(lepirudin)。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与抗糖尿病剂组合投与。代表性抗糖尿病剂包括可注射药物以及口服有效药物和其组合。可注射药物的实例包括(但不限于)胰岛素和胰岛素衍生物。口服有效药物的实例包括(但不限于):双胍(biguanides),例如二甲双胍(metformin);升糖素(glucagon)拮抗剂;α-葡糖苷酶(α-glucosidase)抑制剂,例如醣禄(acarbose)和米格列醇(miglitol);二肽基肽酶IV抑制剂(DPP-IV抑制剂),例如阿格列汀(alogliptin)、德纳列汀(denagliptin)、利那列汀(linagliptin)、沙克列汀(saxagliptin)、西他列汀(sitagliptin)和维格列汀(vildagliptin);美格列奈(meglitinides),例如瑞格列奈(repaglinide);噁二唑烷二酮(oxadiazolidinediones);磺酰脲(sulfonylureas),例如氯磺丙脲(chlorpropamide)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、格列本脲(glyburide) 和妥拉磺脲(tolazamide);噻唑烷二酮(thiazolidinediones),例如吡格列酮(pioglitazone)和罗格列酮(rosiglitazone);和其组合。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与止泻治疗剂组合投与。代表性治疗选项包括(但不限于)口服补液溶液(oral rehydration solution;ORS)、洛哌丁胺(loperamide)、地芬诺酯(diphenoxylate)和次水杨酸铋。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与抗青光眼剂组合投与。代表性抗青光眼剂包括(但不限于):α-肾上腺素能拮抗剂,例如溴莫尼定(brimonidine);β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂;表面β1-阻断剂,例如倍他洛尔、左布诺洛尔和噻吗洛尔;碳酸酐酶抑制剂,例如乙酰唑胺(acetazolamide)、布林佐胺(brinzolamide)或多佐胺(dorzolamide);胆碱能促效剂,例如西维美林(cevimeline)和DMXB-假木贼碱(anabaseine);肾上腺素化合物;缩瞳剂,例如毛果芸香素(pilocarpine);和前列腺素类似物。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与抗脂质剂组合投与。代表性抗脂质剂包括(但不限于):胆固醇酯转移蛋白质抑制剂(CETP),例如安赛曲匹(anacetrapib)、达塞曲匹(dalcetrapib)和托赛曲匹(torcetrapib);士他汀(statins),例如阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、罗素他汀(rosuvastatin)和辛伐他汀(simvastatin);和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与抗血栓剂组合投与。代表性抗血栓剂包括(但不限于):阿司匹灵(aspirin);抗血小板剂,例如克罗匹多(clopidogrel)、普拉格雷(prasugrel)和噻氯匹啶(ticlopidine);肝素;和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与又称为血管收缩素II 1型受体阻断剂(ARB)的AT1受体拮抗剂组合投与。代表性ARB包括(但不限于)阿比沙坦(abitesartan)、阿齐沙坦(azilsartan)(例如阿齐沙坦麦多米尔(azilsartan medoxomil))、本洛沙坦(benzyllosartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、坎地沙坦西来替昔(candesartancilexetil)、依利沙坦(elisartan)、恩布沙坦(embusartan)、伊洛他索沙坦(enoltasosartan)、依普罗沙坦(eprosartan)、EXP3174、范沙坦(fonsartan)、福拉沙坦(forasartan)、格洛沙坦(glycyllosartan)、伊贝沙坦(irbesartan)、伊索特林(isoteoline)、洛沙坦(losartan)、麦多西米(medoximil)、米法沙坦(milfasartan)、奥美沙坦(olmesartan)(例如奥美沙坦麦多米尔(olmesartan medoxomil))、奥普米沙坦(opomisartan)、普拉沙坦(pratosartan)、利匹沙坦(ripisartan)、沙普立沙坦(saprisartan)、色拉新(saralasin)、萨美新(sarmesin)、TAK-591、他索沙坦(tasosartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)、缬沙坦(valsartan)、佐拉沙坦(zolasartan) 和其组合。在一特定实施例中,ARB选自阿齐沙坦麦多米尔、坎地沙坦西来替昔、依普罗沙坦、伊贝沙坦、洛沙坦、奥美沙坦麦多米尔、伊贝沙坦、沙普立沙坦、他索沙坦、替米沙坦、缬沙坦和其组合。例示性盐和/或前药包括坎地沙坦西来替昔、依普罗沙坦甲磺酸盐、洛沙坦钾盐和奥美沙坦麦多米尔。通常,ARB将以足以提供每剂约4-600mg的量投与,其中例示性日剂量范围为每天20-320mg。
本发明的化合物也可与双重作用药剂组合投与,例如AT1受体拮抗剂/脑啡肽酶(ARB/NEP)抑制剂,其实例包括(但不限于)2008年4月23日提交的阿莱格雷蒂(Allegretti)等人的美国公开案第2008/0269305号和第2009/0023228号中所述的化合物,例如化合物4′-{2-乙氧基-4-乙基-5-[((S)-2-巯基-4-甲基戊酰基氨基)-甲基]咪唑-1-基甲基}-3′-氟联苯-2-甲酸。
本发明的化合物也可与如库兹(Kurtz)和克莱恩(Klein)(2009)高血压研究32:826-834(Kurtz&Klein(2009)Hypertension Research 32:826-834)中所述的多功能血管收缩素受体阻断剂组合投与。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与缓激肽受体拮抗剂组合投与,例如艾替班特(icatibant)(HOE-140)。预期此组合疗法可提供预防血管性水肿或缓激肽含量升高的其它非所需结果的优点。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与钙通道阻断剂组合投与。代表性钙通道阻断剂包括(但不限于)氨氯地平(amlodipine)、阿尼帕米(anipamil)、阿拉尼平(aranipine)、巴尼地平(barnidipine)、苄环烷(bencyclane)、贝尼地平(benidipine)、苄普地尔(bepridil)、克仑硫卓(clentiazem)、西尼地平(cilnidipine)、桂利嗪(cinnarizine)、地尔硫卓(diltiazem)、依福地平(efonidipine)、依高地平(elgodipine)、依他苯酮(etafenone)、非洛地平(felodipine)、芬地林(fendiline)、氟桂利嗪(flunarizine)、加洛帕米(gallopamil)、伊拉地平(isradipine)、拉西地平(lacidipine)、乐卡地平(lercanidipine)、利多氟嗪(lidoflazine)、洛美利嗪(lomerizine)、马尼地平(manidipine)、米贝地尔(mibeffadil)、尼卡地平(nicardipine)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、尼古地平(niguldipine)、尼鲁地平(niludipine)、尼伐地平(nilvadipine)、尼莫地平(nimodipine)、尼索地平(nisoldipine)、尼群地平(nitrendipine)、尼伐地平(nivaldipine)、哌克昔林(perhexiline)、普尼拉明(prenylamine)、里奥斯汀(ryosidine)、司莫地尔(semotiadil)、特罗地林(terodiline)、替阿帕米(tiapamil)、维拉帕米(verapamil)和其组合。在一特定实施例中,钙通道阻断剂选自氨氯地平、苄普地尔、地尔硫卓、非洛地平、伊拉地平、拉西地平、尼卡地平、硝苯 地平、尼古地平、尼鲁地平、尼莫地平、尼索地平、里奥斯汀、维拉帕米和其组合。通常,钙通道阻断剂将以足以提供每剂约2-500mg的量投与。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与凝乳酶抑制剂组合投与,例如TPC-806和2-(5-甲酰基氨基-6-氧代基-2-苯基-1,6-二氢嘧啶-1-基)-N-[{3,4-二氧代基-1-苯基-7-(2-吡啶基氧基)}-2-庚基]乙酰胺(NK3201)。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与利尿剂组合投与。代表性利尿剂包括(但不限于):碳酸酐酶抑制剂,例如乙酰唑胺(acetazolamide)和双氯非那胺(dichlorphenamide);亨氏环利尿剂(loop diuretics),其包括磺酰胺衍生物(例如乙酰唑胺、安布赛特(ambuside)、阿佐酰胺(azosernide)、布美他尼(bumetanide)、布他唑胺(butazolamide)、氯米非那胺(chloraminophenamide)、氯非那胺(clofenamide)、氯帕胺(clopamide)、氯索隆(clorexolone)、二磺法胺(disulfamide)、依索唑胺(ethoxolamide)、呋塞米(furosemide)、美夫西特(mefruside)、醋甲唑胺(methazolamide)、吡咯他尼(piretanide)、托拉塞米(torsemide)、曲帕胺(tripamide)和氯磺水杨胺(xipamide))以及非磺酰胺利尿剂(例如依他尼酸(ethacrynic acid))和其它苯氧基乙酸化合物(例如替尼酸(tienilic acid)、茚达立酮(indacrinone)和喹卡酯(quincarbate));渗透性利尿剂,例如甘露糖醇;留钾利尿剂(potassium-sparing diuretics),其包括醛固酮拮抗剂(例如螺内酯(spironolactone))和Na+通道抑制剂(例如氨氯吡脒(amiloride)和氨苯蝶啶(triamterene));噻嗪和类似噻嗪的利尿剂,例如阿尔噻嗪(althiazide)、苄氟噻嗪(bendroflumethiazide)、苄氢氯噻嗪(benzylhydrochlorothiazide)、苄噻嗪(benzthiazide)、布噻嗪(buthiazide)、氯噻酮(chlorthalidone)、氯噻嗪(chlorothiazide)、环戊噻嗪(cyclopenthiazide)、环噻嗪(cyclothiazide)、依匹噻嗪(epithiazide)、乙噻嗪(ethiazide)、芬喹唑(fenquizone)、氟甲噻嗪(flumethiazide)、氢氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)、氢氟噻嗪(hydroflumethiazide)、吲达帕胺(indapamide)、甲氯噻嗪(methylclothiazide)、美替克仑(meticrane)、美托拉宗(metolazone)、对氟噻嗪(paraflutizide)、多噻嗪(polythiazide)、喹乙唑酮(quinethazone)、四氯噻嗪(teclothiazide)和三氯噻嗪(trichloromethiazide);和其组合。在一特定实施例中,利尿剂选自氨氯吡脒、布美他尼、氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、双氯非那胺、依他尼酸、呋塞米、氢氯噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、吲达帕胺、甲氯噻嗪、美托拉宗、托拉塞米、氨苯蝶啶和其组合。利尿剂将以足以提供每天约5-50mg、更通常每天6-25mg的量投与,其中常用剂量为每天6.25mg、12.5mg或25mg。
本发明的化合物也可与内皮素转化酶(ECE)抑制剂组合投与,所述抑制剂的实例包 括(但不限于)膦酰二肽(phosphoramidon)、CGS 26303和其组合。
在一特定实施例中,本发明的化合物与内皮素受体拮抗剂组合投与。代表性内皮素受体拮抗剂包括(但不限于):影响内皮素A受体的选择性内皮素受体拮抗剂,例如阿伏生坦(avosentan)、安贝生坦(ambrisentan)、阿曲森坦(atrasentan)、BQ-123、克拉生坦(clazosentan)、达卢生坦(darusentan)、西他塞坦(sitaxentan)和齐泊腾坦(zibotentan);和影响内皮素A与B受体的双重内皮素受体拮抗剂,例如波生坦(bosentan)、马西替坦(macitentan)、替唑生坦(tezosentan)。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与又称为士他汀的一或多种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂组合投与。代表性士他汀包括(但不限于)阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、罗素他汀(rosuvastatin)和辛伐他汀(simvastatin)。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与单胺再吸收抑制剂组合投与,所述抑制剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂,例如阿托莫西汀(atomoxetine)、丁氨苯丙酮(buproprion)和丁氨苯丙酮代谢物羟基丁氨苯丙酮、马普替林(maprotiline)、瑞波西汀(reboxetine)和维洛沙嗪(viloxazine);选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂(SSRI),例如西酞普兰(citalopram)和西酞普兰代谢物去甲西酞普兰(desmethylcitalopram)、达泊西汀(dapoxetine)、依地普兰(escitalopram)(例如草酸依地普兰)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)和氟西汀去甲基代谢物去甲氟西汀(norfluoxetine)、氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)(例如氟伏沙明顺丁烯二酸盐)、帕罗西汀(paroxetine)、舍曲林(sertraline)和舍曲林代谢物去甲舍曲林(demethylsertraline);双重血清素-去甲肾上腺素再吸收抑制剂(SNRI),例如比西发定(bicifadine)、度洛西汀(duloxetine)、米那普仑(milnacipran)、奈法唑酮(nefazodone)和文拉法辛(venlafaxine);和其组合。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与肌肉松弛剂组合投与,所述肌肉松弛剂的实例包括(但不限于):肌安宁(carisoprodol)、氯唑沙宗(chlorzoxazone)、环苯扎平(cyclobenzaprine)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、美他沙酮(metaxalone)、美索巴莫(methocarbamol)和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与利尿钠肽或类似物组合投与,所述利尿钠肽或类似物的实例包括(但不限于):卡培立肽(carperitide)、CD-NP(尼罗治疗学公司(NileTherapeutics))、CU-NP、奈西立肽(nesiritide)、PL-3994(帕拉丁技术公司(PalatinTechnologies,Inc.))、乌拉立肽(ularitide)、森德立肽(cenderitide)和奥佳华等人(2004) 生物化学杂志279:28625-31(Ogawa et al(2004)J.Biol.Chem.279:28625-31)中所述的化合物。这些化合物又称为利尿钠肽受体-A(NPR-A)促效剂。在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与利尿钠肽清除受体(NPR-C)拮抗剂组合投与,例如SC-46542、cANF(4-23)和AP-811(瓦利(2000)生物有机化学与医药化学通讯10:1949-52(Veale(2000)Bioorg MedChem Lett 10:1949-52))。举例来说,AP-811当与NEP抑制剂塞奥芬(thiorphan)组合时已显示协同作用(韦格纳(1995)临床与实验高血压17:861-876(Wegner(1995)Clin.Exper.Hypert.17:861-876))。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与脑啡肽酶(NEP)抑制剂组合投与。代表性NEP抑制剂包括(但不限于):AHU-377;坎沙曲(candoxatril);坎沙曲拉(candoxatrilat);右卡多曲(dexecadotril)((+)-N-[2(R)-(乙酰基硫基甲基)-3-苯基丙酰基]甘氨酸苯甲酯);CGS-24128(3-[3-(联苯-4-基)-2-(膦酰基甲基氨基)丙酰胺基]丙酸);CGS-24592((S)-3-[3-(联苯-4-基)-2-(膦酰基甲基氨基)丙酰胺基]丙酸);CGS-25155(N-[9(R)-(乙酰基硫基甲基)-10-氧代基-1-氮杂环癸-2(S)-基羰基]-4(R)-羟基-L-脯氨酸苯甲酯);赫普沃思(Hepworth)等人的WO 2006/027680中所述的3-(1-氨甲酰基环己基)丙酸衍生物(辉瑞公司(Pfizer Inc.));JMV-390-1(2(R)-苯甲基-3-(N-羟基氨甲酰基)丙酰基-L-异亮氨酰基-L-亮氨酸);依卡曲尔(ecadotril);膦酰二肽;逆塞奥芬(retrothiorphan);RU-42827(2-(巯基甲基)-N-(4-吡啶基)苯丙酰胺);RU-44004(N-(4-吗啉基)-3-苯基-2-(硫基甲基)丙酰胺);SCH-32615((S)-N-[N-(1-羧基-2-苯基乙基)-L-苯丙氨酰基]-β-丙氨酸)和其前药SCH-34826((S)-N-[N-[1-[[(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基)甲氧基]羰基]-2-苯基乙基]-L-苯丙氨酰基]-β-丙氨酸);塞罗非(sialorphin);SCH-42495(N-[2(S)-(乙酰基硫基甲基)-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙酰基]-L-甲硫氨酸乙酯);斯皮诺非(spinorphin);SQ-28132(N-[2-(巯基甲基)-1-氧代基-3-苯基丙基]亮氨酸);SQ-28603(N-[2-(巯基甲基)-1-氧代基-3-苯基丙基]-β-丙氨酸);SQ-29072(7-[[2-(巯基甲基)-1-氧代基-3-苯基丙基]氨基]庚酸);硫芬(thiorphan)和其前药消旋卡多曲(racecadotril);UK-69578(顺-4-[[[1-[2-羧基-3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙基]环戊基]羰基]氨基]环己烷甲酸);UK-447,841(2-{1-[3-(4-氯苯基)丙基氨甲酰基]-环戊基甲基}-4-甲氧基丁酸);UK-505,749((R)-2-甲基-3-{1-[3-(2-甲基苯并噻唑-6-基)丙基氨甲酰基]环戊基}丙酸);5-联苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基丙酰基氨基)-2-甲基戊酸和5-联苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基丙酰基氨基)-2-甲基戊酸乙酯(WO 2007/056546);凯哈德(Khder)等人的WO 2007/106708中所述的达格鲁曲(daglutril)[(3S,2′R)-3-{1-[2′-(乙氧基羰基)-4′-苯基丁基]-环戊-1-羰基氨基}-2,3,4,5-四氢-2-氧代基-1H-1-苯并氮杂卓-1-乙酸](诺华公司(Novartis AG));和其组合。在一特定实施例中,NEP抑制剂选自AHU-377、坎沙曲、坎沙曲拉、CGS-24128、膦酰二肽、SCH-32615、SCH-34826、SQ-28603、塞奥芬和其组合。在一特定实施例中,NEP抑制剂为例如达格鲁曲或CGS-26303([N-[2-(联苯-4-基)-1(S)-(1H-四唑-5-基)乙基]氨基]甲基膦酸)的化合物,其具有作为内皮素转化酶(ECE)与NEP的抑制剂的活性。也可使用其它双重作用ECE/NEP化合物。NEP抑制剂将以足以提供每天约20-800mg的量投与,其中典型日剂量范围为每天50-700mg、更通常为每天100-600或100-300mg。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与氧化氮供体组合投与,所述供体的实例包括(但不限于)尼可地尔(nicorandil);有机硝酸酯,例如异戊四醇四硝酸酯;和斯德酮亚胺(sydnonimines),例如林西多明(linsidomine)和吗多明(molsidomine)。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与非类固醇消炎剂(NSAID)组合投与。代表性NSAID包括(但不限于):阿西美辛(acemetacin)、乙酰水杨酸(acetyl salicylic acid)、阿氯芬酸(alclofenac)、阿明洛芬(alminoprofen)、氨芬酸(amfenac)、氨普立糖(amiprilose)、阿莫西匹灵(almoxiprin)、阿尼罗酸(anirolac)、阿扎丙宗(apazone)、阿扎丙宗(azapropazone)、贝诺酯(benorilate)、苯恶洛芬(benoxaprofen)、苯哌隆(bezpiperylon)、溴哌莫(broperamole)、布氯酸(bucloxic acid)、卡洛芬(carprofen)、环氯茚酸(clidanac)、双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、地弗他酮(diftalone)、依诺利康(enolicam)、依托度酸(etodolac)、依托昔布(etoricoxib)、芬布芬(fenbufen)、芬氯酸(fenclofenac)、芬克洛酸(fenclozic acid)、非诺洛芬(fenoprofen)、芬替酸(fentiazac)、非普拉宗(feprazone)、氟芬那酸(flufenamic acid)、氟苯柳(flufenisal)、氟洛芬(fluprofen)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、呋罗芬酸(furofenac)、异丁芬酸(ibufenac)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、吲哚洛芬(indoprofen)、伊索克酸(isoxepac)、伊索昔康(isoxicam)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、酮洛酸(ketorolac)、洛非咪唑(lofemizole)、氯诺昔康(lornoxicam)、甲氧芬那酸盐(meclofenamate)、甲氯芬那酸(meclofenamic acid)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、美沙胺(mesalamine)、咪洛芬(miroprofen)、莫非布宗(mofebutazone)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、萘普生(naproxen)、尼氟酸(niflumic acid)、奥沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、恶平酸(oxpinac)、羟布宗(oxyphenbutazone)、苯基丁氮酮(phenylbutazone)、吡罗昔康(piroxicam)、吡洛芬(pirprofen)、普拉洛芬(pranoprofen)、双水杨酯(salsalate)、舒多昔康(sudoxicam)、柳氮磺胺吡啶(sulfasalazine)、舒林酸(sulindac)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、替诺昔康(tenoxicam)、硫平酸(tiopinac)、噻洛芬酸(tiaprofenic acid)、硫恶洛芬(tioxaprofen)、托芬那酸(tolfenamic acid)、托美丁(tolmetin)、三氟米酯(triflumidate)、齐多美辛(zidometacin)、佐美酸(zomepirac)和其组合。在一特定实施例中,NSAID选自依托度酸、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、酮洛酸、美洛昔康、萘普生、奥沙普嗪、吡罗昔康和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与N-甲基d-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂组合投与,所述拮抗剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)金刚烷胺(amantadine)、右甲吗喃(dextromethorphan)、右丙氧芬(dextropropoxyphene)、氯胺酮(ketamine)、凯托米酮(ketobemidone)、美金刚(memantine)、美沙酮(methadone)等。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与类鸦片受体促效剂(又称为类鸦片止痛剂)组合投与。代表性类鸦片受体促效剂包括(但不限于):丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine)、布托啡诺(butorphanol)、可待因(codeine)、二氢可待因(dihydrocodeine)、芬太尼(fentanyl)、氢可酮(hydrocodone)、氢吗啡酮(hydromorphone)、左洛啡烷(levallorphan)、左啡诺(levorphanol)、哌替啶(meperidine)、美沙酮(methadone)、吗啡(morphine)、纳布啡(nalbuphine)、纳美芬(nalmefene)、纳洛芬(nalorphine)、纳洛酮(naloxone)、纳曲酮(naltrexone)、纳洛芬、氧可酮(oxycodone)、氧化吗啡酮(oxymorphone)、镇痛新(pentazocine)、丙氧芬(propoxyphene)、曲马多(tramadol)和其组合。在某些实施例中,类鸦片受体促效剂选自可待因、二氢可待因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、吗啡、氧可酮、氧化吗啡酮、曲马多和其组合。
在一特定实施例中,本发明的化合物与磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂、尤其PDE-V抑制剂组合投与。代表性PDE-V抑制剂包括(但不限于)阿伐那非(avanafil)、罗地那非(lodenafil)、米罗那非(mirodenafil)、西地那非他达那非伐地那非和优地那非(udenafil)。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与前列腺素类似物(又称为类前列腺素(prostanoids)或前列环素(prostacyclin)类似物)组合投与。代表性前列腺素类似物包括(但不限于)贝前列素钠(beraprost sodium)、比马前列素(bimatoprost)、依前列醇(epoprostenol)、伊洛前列素(iloprost)、拉坦前列素(latanoprost)、他氟前列素(tafluprost)、曲伏前列素(travoprost)和曲前列环素(treprostinil),其中比马前列素、拉坦前列素和他氟前列素备受关注。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与前列腺素受体促效剂组合投与,所述促效剂的实例包括(但不限于)比马前列素、拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素等。
本发明的化合物也可与肾素抑制剂组合投与,所述抑制剂的实例包括(但不限于)阿利吉仑(aliskiren)、依那吉仑(enalkiren)、瑞米吉仑(remikiren)和其组合。
在另一实施例中,本发明的化合物与选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂(SSRI)组合投与。代表性SSRI包括(但不限于):西酞普兰和西酞普兰代谢物去甲西酞普兰、达泊西汀、依地普兰(例如草酸依地普兰)、氟西汀和氟西汀去甲基代谢物去甲氟西汀、氟伏沙明(例如顺丁烯二酸氟伏沙明)、帕罗西汀、舍曲林和舍曲林代谢物去甲舍曲林、和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与5-HT1D血清素受体促效剂组合投与,所述促效剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)普坦(triptans),例如阿莫曲普坦(almotriptan)、阿维曲普坦(avitriptan)、依来曲普坦(eletriptan)、夫罗曲普坦(frovatriptan)、那拉曲普坦(naratriptan)、利扎曲普坦(rizatriptan)、舒马曲普坦(sumatriptan)和佐米曲普坦(zolmitriptan)。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与钠通道阻断剂组合投与,所述阻断剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)卡巴马平(carbamazepine)、磷苯妥英(fosphenytoin)、拉莫三嗪(lamotrignine)、利多卡因(lidocaine)、美西律(mexiletine)、奥卡西平(oxcarbazepine)、苯妥英(phenytoin)和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂或活化剂组合投与,所述刺激剂或活化剂的实例包括(但不限于)阿他西哌(ataciguat)、里奥西哌(riociguat)和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与三环抗抑郁剂(TCA)组合投与,所述三环抗抑郁剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)阿米替林(amitriptyline)、氧阿米替林(amitriptylinoxide)、布替林(butriptyline)、氯米帕明(clomipramine)、地美替林(demexiptiline)、地昔帕明(desipramine)、二苯西平(dibenzepin)、二甲他林(dimetacrine)、度琉平(dosulepin)、多塞平(doxepin)、丙咪嗪(imipramine)、氧米帕明(imipraminoxide)、洛夫帕明(lofepramine)、美利曲辛(melitracen)、美他帕明(metapramine)、硝沙西平(nitroxazepine)、去甲替林(nortriptyline)、诺昔替林(noxiptiline)、哌泊非嗪(pipofezine)、丙吡西平(propizepine)、普罗替林(protriptyline)、奎纽帕明(quinupramine)和其组合。
在一个实施例中,本发明的化合物与升压素受体拮抗剂组合投与,所述拮抗剂的实例包括(藉助于说明而非限制)考尼伐坦(conivaptan)和托伐普坦(tolvaptan)。
组合的第二治疗剂也可在用本发明的化合物的其它组合疗法中有帮助。举例来说,本发明的化合物可与利尿剂和ARB、或钙通道阻断剂和ARB、或利尿剂和ACE抑制剂、或钙通道阻断剂和士他汀组合。特定实例包括ACE抑制剂依那普利(呈顺丁烯二酸盐形式)与利尿剂氢氯噻嗪的组合,其以商标销售;或钙通道阻断剂氨氯地平(呈苯磺酸盐形式)与ARB奥美沙坦(呈麦多米尔前药形式)的组合;或钙通道阻断剂与士他汀的组合,全部都还可与本发明的化合物一起使用。例如α2-肾上腺素能受体促效剂和升压素受体拮抗剂等其它治疗剂也可在组合疗法中有帮助。例示性α2-肾上腺素能受体促效剂包括可乐定(clonidine)、右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine)和胍法辛(guanfacine)。
以下调配物说明本发明的代表性医药组合物。
用于经口投药的例示性硬明胶胶囊
充分掺合本发明的化合物(50g)、440g喷雾干燥的乳糖和10g硬脂酸镁。接着将所得组合物装入硬质明胶胶囊中(每胶囊500mg组合物)。或者,充分掺合本发明的化合物(20mg)与淀粉(89mg)、微晶纤维素(89mg)和硬脂酸镁(2mg)。接着使混合物通过筛号第45号美国筛(U.S.sieve)并且装入硬质明胶胶囊中(每胶囊200mg组合物)。
或者,如上所述充分掺合并加工本发明的化合物(30g)、第二药剂(20g)、440g喷雾干燥的乳糖和10g硬脂酸镁。
用于经口投药的例示性明胶胶囊调配物
充分掺合本发明的化合物(100mg)与聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(50mg)和淀粉(250mg)。接着将混合物装入明胶胶囊中(每胶囊400mg组合物)。或者,充分掺合本发明的化合物(70mg)和第二药剂(30mg)与聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(50mg)和淀粉(250mg),并且将所得混合物装入明胶胶囊中(每胶囊400mg组合物)。
或者,充分掺合本发明的化合物(40mg)与微晶纤维素(Avicel PH103;259.2mg)和硬脂酸镁(0.8mg)。接着将混合物装入明胶胶囊(1号尺寸,白色,不透明)中(每胶囊300mg组合物)。
用于经口投药的例示性片剂调配物
使本发明的化合物(10mg)、淀粉(45mg)和微晶纤维素(35mg)通过筛号第20号美国筛并且充分混合。在50-60℃下干燥由此产生的颗粒并且通过筛号第16号美国筛。使聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液(4mg于无菌水中的10%溶液)与羧甲基淀粉钠(4.5mg)、硬脂酸镁(0.5mg)和滑石(1mg)混合,接着使此混合物通过筛号第16号美国筛。随后将羧甲基 淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁和滑石添加到所述颗粒中。混合后,在压片机上压制混合物以得到重100mg的片剂。
或者,充分掺合本发明的化合物(250mg)与微晶纤维素(400mg)、烟雾状二氧化硅(10mg)和硬脂酸(5mg)。接着压制混合物以形成片剂(每片剂665mg组合物)。
或者,充分掺合本发明的化合物(400mg)与玉米淀粉(50mg)、交联羧甲纤维素钠(25mg)、乳糖(120mg)和硬脂酸镁(5mg)。接着压制混合物以形成单刻痕片剂(每片剂600mg组合物)。
或者,用明胶(20mg)水溶液充分掺合本发明的化合物(100mg)与玉米淀粉(100mg)。干燥混合物并且研磨成细粉。接着将微晶纤维素(50mg)和硬脂酸镁(5mg)与明胶调配物混合,粒化并且压制所得混合物以形成片剂(每片剂100mg本发明的化合物)。
用于经口投药的例示性悬浮液调配物
混合以下成分以形成每10mL悬浮液含有100mg本发明的化合物的悬浮液:
用于经口投药的例示性液体调配物
适合的液体调配物为含基于羧酸的缓冲液(例如柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐和顺丁烯二酸盐缓冲溶液)的调配物。举例来说,将本发明的化合物(其可预先与DMSO混合)与100mM柠檬酸铵缓冲液掺合并且调整pH值到pH5,或与100mM柠檬酸溶液掺合并且调整pH值到pH2。所述溶液也可包括增溶性赋形剂,例如环糊精,例如溶液可包括10wt%羟丙基-β-环糊精。
其它适合的调配物包括含或不含环糊精的5%NaHCO3溶液。
用于注射投药的例示性可注射调配物
掺合本发明的化合物(0.2g)与0.4M乙酸钠缓冲溶液(2.0mL)。必要时使用0.5N盐酸水溶液或0.5N氢氧化钠水溶液将所得溶液的pH值调整到pH4,接着添加足够注射用水以提供20mL的总体积。接着经无菌过滤器(0.22微米)过滤混合物以提供适于注射投药的无菌溶液。
用于吸入投药的例示性组合物
使本发明的化合物(0.2mg)微米尺寸化,接着与乳糖(25mg)掺合。接着将此经掺合的混合物装入明胶吸入药筒中。使用例如干粉吸入器来投与所述药筒的内容物。
或者,将本发明的经微米尺寸化化合物(10g)分散于通过将卵磷脂(0.2g)溶解于去矿物质水(200mL)中而制备的溶液中。将所得悬浮液喷雾干燥,接着微米尺寸化以形成经微米尺寸化组合物,其包含平均直径小于约1.5μm的粒子。接着将经微米尺寸化组合物装入含有加压的1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷的定剂量吸入器药筒中,当通过吸入器投与时组合物的量足以提供每剂约10μg到约500μg本发明的化合物。
或者,将本发明的化合物(25mg)溶解于柠檬酸盐缓冲(pH5)的等张生理盐水(125mL)中。搅拌混合物并且进行声波处理直到化合物溶解。检查溶液的pH值并且必要时通过缓慢添加1N NaOH水溶液来调整到pH5。使用提供每剂约10μg到约500μg本发明的化合物的喷雾器装置投与溶液。
实例
提供以下制备和实例以说明本发明的特定实施例。然而,除非特定指示,否则这些特定实施例不欲以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
除非另外指示,否则以下缩写具有以下含义并且本文所用但未作定义的任何其它缩写具有其普遍接受的标准含义:
AcOH 乙酸
BOC 叔丁氧羰基(-C(O)OC(CH3)3)
(BOC)2O 二碳酸二叔丁酯
DCC 二环己基碳化二亚胺
DCM 二氯甲烷
DIPEA N,N-二异丙基乙胺
DMA N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
DMAP 4-二甲基氨基吡啶
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
EDC 1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺
Et3N 三乙胺
Et2O 乙醚
Et3SiH 三乙基硅烷
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
EtOH 乙醇
HATU 六氟磷酸N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)脲盐
HCTU 六氟磷酸2-(6-氯-1H-苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基铵
HEPES 4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪乙烷磺酸
HOBt 1-羟基苯并三唑
MeCN 乙腈
MeOH 甲醇
NaHMDS 六甲基二硅烷氨基钠
Pd(dppf)2Cl2 氯化1,1-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁钯
Pd(PPh3)4 四(三苯基膦)钯(0)
PE 石油醚
PMB 对甲氧基苯甲基
PyBOP 六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧代基三(吡咯烷基)鏻
DPP-Pd 基于二氧化硅的二苯基膦钯(II)催化剂
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TMSCl 氯化三甲基硅烷
Tr 三苯甲基
除非另外指示,否则例如试剂、起始物质和溶剂等所有物质都购自商业供应商(例如西格玛奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)、佛卢卡瑞德哈公司(Fluka Riedel-de)等等)并且不经进一步纯化即可使用。
除非另有所述,否则在氮气氛下进行反应。通过薄层色谱法(TLC)、分析型高效液相色谱法(分析型HPLC)和质谱法监测反应进展,其详情在特定实例中给出。分析型HPLC中所用的溶剂如下:溶剂A为98%H2O/2%MeCN/1.0mL/L TFA;溶剂B为90%MeCN/10%H2O/1.0mL/L TFA。
如例如每个制备中明确所述处理反应物;通常通过萃取和其它纯化方法(例如温度依赖性和溶剂依赖性结晶和沉淀)来纯化反应混合物。另外,通常通过制备型HPLC,通常使用麦索博(Microsorb)C18和麦索博BDS柱填充物和常规洗脱剂来纯化反应混合物。通常通过液相色谱质谱法(LCMS)来测量反应进展。通过核奥弗豪泽效应光谱分析(NuclearOverhauser effect spectroscopy,NOE)来表征异构体。通常通过质谱法和 1H-NMR光谱法表征反应产物。对于NMR测量而言,将样品溶解于氘化溶剂(CD3OD、CDCl3或DMSO-d6)中,并且在标准观测条件下由瓦里安吉米尼(Varian Gemini)2000仪器(400MHz)获得1H-NMR光谱。通常使用电喷雾电离法(ESMS),利用应用生物系统公司(Applied Biosystems)(加利福尼亚州福斯特市(Foster City,CA))型号API 150EX仪器或安捷伦(Agilent)(加利福尼亚州帕罗奥图(Palo Alto,CA))型号1200LC/MSD仪器来质谱鉴别化合物。
制备1:(S)-2-(4-溴苯甲基)-5-氧代基吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯
在-5℃下向(R)-2-氨基-3-(4-溴苯基)丙酸(50g,0.2mol)于MeCN(700mL)中的溶液中添加NaOH(16.4g,0.4mol)于水(700mL)中的溶液。搅拌10分钟后,添加(BOC)2O(44.7g,0.2mol)于MeCN(100mL)中的溶液。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌过夜。蒸发MeCN后,用DCM(800mL)稀释残余物并且在-5℃下用1M HCl酸化到pH 2。用DCM(3×200mL)萃取水性物质。用饱和NaCl水溶液(500mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(66.5g)。LC-MS:366[M+Na],709[2M+Na]。
在-5℃下在氮气下经1小时向化合物1(66.5g,193μmol)、米氏酸(Meldrum′sacid)(33.4g,232mmol)和DMAP(37.7g,309mmol)于无水DCM(600mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加DCC(47.9g,232mmol)于无水DCM(200mL)中的溶液。在-5℃下搅拌混合物8小时,接着冷藏过夜。观察到二环己基脲的晶体。过滤混合物,用5%KHSO4(5×200mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(200mL)洗涤,接着在冷藏下经无水MgSO4干燥过夜。接着蒸发溶液,得到呈淡黄色固体状的粗化合物2(91g)。LC-MS:492[M+Na],961[2M+Na]。
在-5℃下在氮气下向粗化合物2(91g,193mmol)于无水DCM(1L)中的溶液中添加AcOH(127.5g,2.1mol)。在-5℃下搅拌混合物30分钟,接着经1小时以小份添加NaBH4(18.3g,483mmol)。在-5℃下再搅拌1小时后,添加饱和NaCl水溶液(500mL)。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×300mL)和水(2×300mL)洗涤有机层,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过用Et2O洗涤进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物3(68g)。LC-MS:478[M+Na],933[2M+Na]。
在氮气下使化合物3(68g,149mmol)于无水甲苯(500mL)中的溶液回流3小时。蒸发溶剂后,通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=10∶1)纯化残余物,得到呈淡黄色油状物的标题化合物(38g)。LC-MS:376[M+Na],729[2M+Na]。
制备2:(3R,5R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基甲基)-1-(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)-3-羟基吡咯
烷-2-酮
在室温下在氮气下向(S)-2-(4-溴苯甲基)-5-氧代基吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯(15g,43mmol)于1,4-二噁烷(600mL)中的溶液中添加3-氯苯基硼酸(8g,51mmol)和Pd(dppf)2Cl2(3.1g,4.2mmol)。搅拌10分钟后,添加K2CO3(11.7g,85mmol)于水(60mL)中的溶液。将混合物加热到60℃并且搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂后,添加水(200mL)并且用EtOAc(3×200mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(400mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经Na2SO4干燥,并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过柱色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=6∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物1(15g)。LC-MS:408[M+Na]。
在-5℃下在氮气下向化合物1(15g,0.039mol)于无水DCM(250mL)中的溶液中添加TFA(20mL,270mmol)。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂后,用EtOAc(300mL)稀释残余物,接着用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(3×200mL)、水(200mL)、饱 和NaCl水溶液(250mL)洗涤,接着经Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,得到呈淡黄色固体状的粗化合物2(11g)。LC-MS:286[M+H]。
在0℃下在氮气下经30分钟向NaH(2.3g,98mmol)于无水THF(200mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加化合物2(11g,39mmol)于无水THF(100mL)中的溶液。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌2小时。冷却到0℃后,经30分钟逐滴添加特戊酰氯(6g,51mmol)。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌过夜。用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(200mL)淬灭反应物并且用EtOAc(3×200mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(300mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=25∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物3(10.5g)。LC-MS:391[M+Na]。
在-78℃下在氮气下经30分钟向化合物3(10.5g,29mmol)于无水THF(120mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加NaHMDS(29mL,58mmol)。在-78℃下搅拌90分钟后,经30分钟逐滴添加(+)-(8,8-二氯樟脑基磺酰基)氧氮丙啶(15.6g,52mmol)的溶液。在-78℃下搅拌2小时后,用饱和NH4Cl(400mL)淬灭反应物并且用EtOAc(3×300mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(300mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=15∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的标题化合物(9.6g)。LC-MS:408[M+Na]。
制备3:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯
在100℃下加热(3R,5R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基甲基)-1-(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)-3-羟基吡咯烷-2-酮(9.6g,25mmol)于浓HCl(81mL,81mmol)中的溶液16小时。接着浓缩混合物,得到粗产物,其通过用Et2O洗涤进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物1(5.7g)。LC-MS:320[M+H]。
在室温下向化合物1(5.7g,18mmol)于EtOH(10mL)中的溶液中添加8M HCl的EtOH溶液(120mL,960mmol)。在50℃下加热混合物16小时。浓缩后,通过用Et2O洗涤进一步纯化粗产物,得到呈淡黄色固体盐酸盐形式的标题化合物(2.1g)。LC-MS:348[M+H]。
制备4:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸乙酯
将HATU(328mg,862μmol)添加到1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑-6-甲酸(154mg,862μmol)于DMF(1.5mL,19.5mmol)中的溶液中并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物10分钟。将DIPEA(0.3mL,1.7mmol)添加到混合物中,随后添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(200mg,575μmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物1小时。在真空中浓缩混合物并且通过逆相色谱法(含0.05%TFA的35-80%MeCN水溶液)纯化所得残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(197mg)。
制备5:(2R,4R)-4-叔丁氧羰基氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
在100℃下搅拌(3R,5R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基甲基)-1-(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)-3-羟基吡咯烷-2-酮(4.5g,11.7mmol)于浓HCl(30mL)中的溶液16小时。在真空中浓缩混合物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物1(4g)。LC-MS:321[M+H]+。
向NaOH(1.8g,45.2mmol)于水(100mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加含化合物1(4g,11.3mmol)的MeCN(100mL)。在0℃下搅拌混合物10分钟。添加二碳酸二叔丁酯(7.17g,33.8mmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物15小时。在真空中浓缩所得混合物以去 除MeCN,接着用DCM(300mL)稀释,并且用1N HCl水溶液将pH值调整到pH=5-6。接着收集有机层并且用DCM(3×300mL)萃取残余物。浓缩合并的有机层并且用己烷(150mL)洗涤,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(4g)。LC-MS:442[M+Na]+。
制备6:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酯
向(2R,4R)-4-叔丁氧羰基氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(0.9g,6mmol)和2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙-1-醇(450mg,3mmol)于DCM(30mL)中的溶液中添加DCC(880mg,4.3mmol)和DMAP(260mg,2.1mmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物15小时,接着在真空中浓缩。将残余物溶解于EtOAc(100mL)中并且用水(30mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(30mL)洗涤。收集有机层并浓缩并且通过柱色谱法(己烷/EtOAc=5∶1)纯化,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(0.4g)。LC-MS:574[M+Na]+。
搅拌化合物1(0.4g,690μmol)于1.4M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(15mL)中的溶液过夜,接着在真空中浓缩。将残余物分散于EtOAc(10mL)中,并且通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈灰白色固体盐酸盐形式的标题化合物(165mg)。LC-MS:452[M+H]+。1HNMR:(DMSO-d6)1.95-1.82(m,2H),2.99-2.98(m,2H),3.56(br,1H),4.41-4.38(m,1H),4.92-4.82(m,2H),6.35(s,1H),7.71-7.38(m,8H),8.09(s,3H)。
制备7:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基[1,
3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯
在室温下搅拌(2R,4R)-4-叔丁氧羰基氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(740mg, 1.8mmol)、4-(溴甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-2-酮(340mg,1.8mmol)、碘化钾(58mg,350μmol)和K2CO3(486mg,3.5mmol)于DMF(20mL)中的悬浮液4小时。用EtOAc(150mL)稀释混合物并且用水(30mL)洗涤。收集有机层并浓缩并且通过柱色谱法(己烷/EtOAc=1∶1)纯化,得到白色固体(490mg)。LC-MS:554[M+23]+。搅拌此固体(476mg,890μmol)于3N HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(20mL)中的溶液过夜,接着在真空中浓缩。将残余物分散于EtOAc(10mL)中,并且通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈灰白色固体状的标题化合物(290mg)。LC-MS:432[M+H]+。1H NMR:(DMSO-d6)1.92-1.82(m,2H),2.16(s,3H),2.99(br,2H),3.56(br,1H),4.35-4.32(m,1H),5.017(s,2H),6.17(s,1H),7.39-7.36(m,4H),7.71-7.68(m,4H),8.05(s,3H)。
制备8:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸丁酰氧基甲酯
在30℃下搅拌(2R,4R)-4-叔丁氧羰基氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(900mg,2.1mmol)、丁酸氯甲酯(350mg,2.6mmol)、碘化钠(481mg,3.21mmol)和DIPEA(828mg,6.42mmol)于DMF(20mL)中的溶液16小时。用EtOAc(150mL)稀释混合物并且用水(50mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(50mL)洗涤。收集有机层并浓缩并且通过柱色谱法(己烷/EtOAc=5∶1)纯化,得到白色固体(240mg)。LC-MS:542[M+Na]+。搅拌此固体(240mg,460μmol)于1.4M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(15mL)中的溶液过夜,接着在真空中浓缩。将残余物分散于EtOAc(10mL)中,并且通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈灰白色固体盐酸盐形式的标题化合物(140mg)。LC-MS:420[M+H]+。1H NMR:(DMSO)0.85(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.61-1.52(m,2H),1.89-1.86(m,2H),2.30(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.98(br,2H),3.56(br,1H),4.33-4.30(m,1H),5.74-5.68(m,2H),6.21(s,1H),7.37-7.35(m,4H),7.70-7.767(m,4H),8.01(brs,3H)。
制备9:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(4-溴苯基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯
在-5℃下在氮气下向(S)-2-(4-溴苯甲基)-5-氧代基吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯(38g,107mmol)于无水DCM(250mL)中的溶液中添加TFA(20mL,0.27mol)。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂后,用EtOAc(300mL)稀释残余物并且用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(3×200mL)、水(200mL)、饱和NaCl水溶液(250mL)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,得到呈淡黄色固体状的粗化合物1(24g)。LC-MS:254[M+H]。
在0℃下在氮气下经30分钟向NaH(8.6g,250mmol)于无水THF(200mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加化合物1(24g,94mmol)于无水THF(200mL)中的溶液。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌2小时。冷却到0℃后,经30分钟逐滴添加特戊酰氯(18g,150mmol)。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌过夜。用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(300mL)淬灭反应物并且用EtOAc(3×200mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(300mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=25∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物2(18g)。LC-MS:360[M+Na]。
在-78℃下在氮气下经30分钟向化合物2(18g,53mmol)于无水THF(250mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加NaHMDS(47.7mL,96mmol)。在-78℃下搅拌90分钟后,经30分钟逐滴添加(+)-(8,8-二氯樟脑基磺酰基)-氧氮丙啶(31.6g,106mmol)的溶液。在-78℃下搅拌2小时后,用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(400mL)淬灭反应物并且用EtOAc(3×300mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(300mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=15∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物3(8.9g)。LC-MS:376[M+Na]。
在100℃下加热化合物3(8.9g,25mmol)于浓HCl(81mL,81mmol)中的溶液16小时。接着浓缩混合物,得到粗产物,其通过用Et2O洗涤进一步纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物4(7g)。LC-MS:323[M+H]。
在室温下将化合物4(7g,22mmol)于EtOH(10mL)中的溶液与8M HCl的EtOH溶液(120mL,960mmol)组合。在50℃下加热混合物16小时,接着浓缩。通过用Et2O洗涤进一步纯化粗产物,得到呈淡黄色固体盐酸盐形式的标题化合物(6g)。LC-MS:352[M+H]。
制备10:5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸
在室温下向5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1h-吡唑-3-甲酸乙酯(351.6mg,1.5mmol)于MeOH(5.0mL,120mmol)中的悬浮液中添加单水合LiOH(126.5mg,3.0mmol),形成澄清溶液。在室温下搅拌溶液过夜。接着浓缩溶液。向所得残余物中添加1N HCl水溶液以达成约pH 2,形成沉淀物。添加水(4.0mL)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物1小时,接着过滤。用水冲洗固体并在真空下干燥,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(128mg)。
制备11:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟-联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
在室温下在氮气下向(S)-2-(4-溴苯甲基)-5-氧代基吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯(25g,70.6mmol)于1,4-二噁烷(500mL)中的溶液中添加5-氯-2-氟苯基硼酸(24.6g,141mmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(4.1g,3.5mmol)和K2CO3(17.8g,141mmol)于水(90mL)中的溶液。将混合物加热到60℃并且搅拌过夜。添加水(500mL)并且蒸发溶剂。用EtOAc(3×200mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(300mL)洗涤合并的有机层并过滤。浓缩滤液,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物1(22.7g)。LC-MS:829.2[2M+Na+]。
在0℃下在氮气下向化合物1(4.9g,12.1mol)于DCM(100mL)中的溶液中添加TFA(4.5mL,60.7mmol),并且搅拌1小时。使混合物升温到室温后持续1.5小时。蒸发溶剂后,用EtOAc(100mL)稀释残余物,接着用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(3×100mL)、 水(2×100mL)、饱和NaCl水溶液(100mL)洗涤,接着经Na2SO4干燥。过滤混合物并且浓缩滤液,得到粗化合物2(与另一批组合,总共16.9g)。LC-MS:304[M+H]。
在0℃在氮气下向NaH(2.4g,695mmol)于THF(200mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加化合物2(8.5g,278mmol)于THF(50mL)中的溶液。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌2小时。冷却到0℃后,经30分钟逐滴添加特戊酰氯(5g,41.7mmol)。使混合物升温到室温并且搅拌9.5小时。反应物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(250mL)淬灭并且用EtOAc(3×400mL)萃取。合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法纯化,得到呈黄色固体的化合物3(18g)。LC-MS:388[M+H+]。
在-78℃在氮气下向化合物3(9g,23.2mmol)于THF(200mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加NaHMDS(20.9mL,41.8mmol)。在-78℃搅拌1小时后,逐滴添加(+)-(8,8-二氯樟脑基磺酰基)氧氮丙啶(10.4g,34.8mmol)于THF(50mL)中的溶液。在-78℃搅拌1小时后,反应物用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(50mL)淬灭并且用EtOAc(3×400mL)萃取。合并的有机层用1M HCl(400mL)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液(400mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(400mL)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法纯化,得到呈白色半固体的化合物4(8.8g)。LC-MS:426.1[M+Na+]。
将化合物4(8.8g,21.8mmol)于EtOH(12mL)中的溶液添加到浓HCl(200mL)中并且在100℃加热并搅拌过夜。接着浓缩混合物,得到粗产物,其用Et2O(100mL)洗涤纯化,得到呈固体盐酸盐的标题化合物(7.5g)。LC-MS:338[M+H+]。
制备12:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯
在50℃下加热化合物5(7.5g,20.1mmol)于EtOH/HCl(100mL)中的溶液过夜。浓缩混合物并且通过用Et2O(200mL)洗涤来纯化粗产物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的标题化合物(6.5g)。LC-MS:366.1[M+H+]。
制备13:(2R,4R)-5-(4-溴苯基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羰基)氨
基]戊酸乙酯
通过将1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-甲酸乙酯(2.0g,13mmol)、EtOH(25mL,430mmol)和预溶解的单水合LiOH(1.6g,38.2mmol)和水(10mL,600mmol)的溶液组合制备1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酸。在室温下搅拌混合物4小时,接着部分浓缩并且用HCl酸化以引起沉淀。过滤固体并在真空下干燥,得到1.3g所需酸。
将1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酸(163mg,1.3mmol)与HCTU(523mg,1.3mmol)和DMF组合,并且在室温下搅拌5分钟。添加DIPEA(661μL,3.8mmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(4-溴苯基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(0.400g,1.26mmol),并且搅拌所得混合物10分钟。在减压下蒸发混合物并且纯化(C18柱;含5%TFA的20-70%MeCN水溶液),得到标题化合物(330mg)。
制备14:5-(4-甲氧基苯甲氧基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸
在0℃下向经搅拌的5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸甲酯(200mg,1mmol)于DMF(992μL,12.8mmol)中的溶液中添加K2CO3(195mg,1.4mmol)。在0℃下10分钟后添加对甲氧基苯甲基氯(208μL,1.5mmol),并且在60℃下搅拌所得混合物1小时,随 后使其冷却到室温。添加MeOH(2.6mL,63.2mmol),随后添加LiOH(61.4mg,2.6mmol)水溶液(2.6mL,142mmol),并且监测反应完成。在真空中去除溶剂。将水添加到小瓶中并且用1N HCl水溶液酸化粗产物。过滤固体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(350mg)。
制备15:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-{[5-(4-甲氧基苯甲氧基)-1-
甲基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基]氨基}戊酸
将5-(4-甲氧基-苯甲氧基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(118.8mg,453μmol)与HCTU(187.3mg,453μmol)和DMF(2.0mL,25.9mmol)组合。在室温下搅拌混合物15分钟。添加DIPEA(225μL,1.3mmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(150mg,430μmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物15分钟。在真空中去除溶剂。添加EtOH(1.5mL,25.9mmol),随后添加1M LiOH水溶液(4.3mL,4.3mmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物1小时。在真空中去除溶剂并且通过逆相色谱法纯化产物,得到标题化合物(171mg)。
制备16:3-(2-氟苯基)-异噁唑-5-羰基氯
将乙二酰氯(0.07mL,0.74mmol)逐滴添加到经搅拌的3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-甲酸(77mg,370μmol)于THF(10mL)中的溶液中。在室温下搅拌混合物2小时,接着浓缩,得到标题化合物(79mg),其不经进一步纯化即可使用。
制备17:3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基氯
在0℃下向3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-甲酸(420mg,3mmol)于THF(15mL)和DMF(1滴)中的溶液中逐滴添加乙二酰氯(650μL,7mmol)。接着在室温下搅拌混合物3小时。在真空中浓缩溶液,得到呈淡黄色油状物的标题化合物(430mg)。
制备18:(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯
在0℃下向(S)-2-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-3-甲基丁酸(28.6g,130mmol)和NaHCO3(44g,520mmol)和Bu4NHSO4(4.4g,13mmol)于DCM(200mL)和水(200mL)中的混合物中添加磺酸基氯酸氯甲酯(26g,158mmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物24小时,接着用DCM(3×150mL)萃取。用水(2×300mL)洗涤合并的有机层,并且通过快速柱(石油醚∶EA=15∶1)纯化DCM层,得到呈黄色固体状的标题化合物(35g)。LC-MS:266[M+H]+。
制备19:(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯
在0℃下向(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(35g,132mmol)于DCM(200mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加TFA(50mL)于DCM(100mL)中的溶液。在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜,接着在真空中浓缩,得到呈黄色油状物的粗化合物1(21.8g)。LC-MS:166[M+H]+。
在0℃下向化合物1(21.8g,139mmol)和氯甲酸甲酯(12mL,157mmol)于THF(1L)中的混合物中添加TEA(38mL,278mmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物12小时,接着在真空中浓缩。通过快速柱(石油醚∶EtOAc=6∶1)纯化残余物,得到呈黄色固体状的标题化合物(20.3g)。LC-MS:224[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ0.97-1.02(m,6H),2.16-2.21(m,1H),3.68(s,1H),4.14(d,J=4Hz,1H),5.76-5.91(m,2H)。
制备20:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-联苯-4-基-2-羟基戊酸乙酯
在-65℃下在氮气下经15分钟向经搅拌的(S)-2-联苯-4-基甲基-5-氧代基吡咯烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯(4.4g,12.4mmol)于无水THF(70mL)中的溶液中添加1M LiHMDS于THF(28mL)中的溶液。在-65℃下搅拌3小时后,添加氧代基二过氧基钼(吡啶)(六甲基膦酰三胺)(9g,18.6mmol)。在-35℃下再搅拌混合物2小时,接着添加饱和Na2S2O3水溶液(60mL)。收集有机层并且用饱和NH4Cl水溶液(60mL×3)和饱和NaCl水溶液(60mL×2)洗涤,接着经Na2SO4干燥,并且在减压下去除溶剂,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=5∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(1.8g)。LC-MS:757[2M+Na]。
在0℃下在氮气下向化合物1(1.8g,5.0mmol)于无水DCM(50mL)中的溶液中添加DMAP(122mg,1mmol)和Et3N(1.5g,14.9mmol)。在0℃下搅拌0.5小时后,经15分钟添加苯甲基氯(1.0g,7.4mmol)。在0℃下再搅拌混合物2小时,接着添加饱和NaHCO3水溶液(50mL)。收集有机层并且用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(50mL×2)和饱和NaCl水溶液(50mL×1)洗涤,接着经Na2SO4干燥。滤出固体并且浓缩滤液,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=4∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈白色固体状的化合物2A(471mg)和化合物2B(883mg)。LC-MS:494[M+Na];965[2M+Na]。
化合物2A:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=8.02(m,2H),7.57-7.25(m,12H),5.42(m,1H),4.50(m,1H),3.26-3.21(m,1H),2.90(m,1H),2.58(m,1H),2.15-2.05(m,1H),1.62(m,9H)
化合物2B:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=8.06(m,2H),7.58-7.18(m,12H),5.53-5.41(m,1H),4.39(m,1H),3.57-3.54(m,1H),2.87-2.80(m,1H),2.48-2.44(m,1H),1.98(m,1H),1.63(m,9H)。
在室温下在氮气下向经搅拌的化合物2A(471mg,1mmol)于无水EtOH(10mL)中的溶液中添加无水K2CO3(691mg,5mmol)。在室温下搅拌20小时后,滤出固体。向滤液中添加水(30mL)、DCM(30mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(5mL)。分离水层并且用DCM萃取(30mL×3)。用饱和NaCl水溶液(50mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经Na2SO4干燥,并浓缩,得到粗产物,其通过色谱法(己烷∶EtOAc=6∶1)进一步纯化,得到呈白色固体状的化合物3(275mg)。LC-MS:436[M+Na],849[2M+Na]。
在-30℃下向EtOH(5mL)中添加乙酰氯(685mg)。在-30℃下搅拌1小时后,添加化合物3(275mg,665μmol)于无水EtOH(5mL)中的溶液。将混合物加热到25℃并且在25℃下搅拌3小时。蒸发溶剂后,用冷的无水Et2O(10mL)洗涤残余物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的标题化合物(207mg)。LC-MS:314[M+H],649[2M+Na]。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ(ppm)=7.99(m,3H),7.66-7.64(m,4H),7.48-7.35(m,5H),6.08(m,1H),4.21(m,1H),4.09-4.05(m,2H),3.52(m,1H),2.97-2.95(m,2H),1.89-1.87(m,2H),1.19-1.14(m,3H)。
制备21:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸5-甲基-2-氧
代基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯
向(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(盐酸盐;10.3g,27.6mmol)于THF(45mL)中的悬浮液中添加NaOH水溶液(3.3g,82.8mmol)。在0℃下逐滴添加(BOC)2O(9.6g,44.2mmol)于THF(25mL)中的溶液。在室温下搅拌所得混合物16小时。去除THF并且将残余物溶解于水(50mL)中。用HCl水溶液(2N)将溶液酸化到pH=3。滤出所得沉淀物,并且用水(20mL)洗涤滤饼并通过色谱法(DCM∶MeOH=20∶1)纯化,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(9.0g)。LC-MS:438[M+H]+。
向化合物1(2g,4.6mmol)和4-(溴甲基)-5-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-2-酮(880mg,4.6mmol)于DMF(20mL)中的溶液中添加K2CO3(947mg,6.8mmol)和KI(152mg,O.9mmol)。在室温下搅拌2小时后,用水(50mL)稀释混合物并且用EtOAc(2×100mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×100mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。通过色谱法(DCM∶EtOAc=10∶1)纯化残余物,得到呈黄色泡沫状的化合物2(2.3g)。LC-MS:572[M+Na]+。
在室温下搅拌化合物2(2.3g,4.2mmol)于HCl/二噁烷(50mL,3.3M)中的溶液2小时。去除溶剂,并且用EtOAc(10mL)洗涤残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(1.8g)。LC-MS:450.0[M+H]。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ1.85-1.92(m,2H),2.17(s,3H),2.99(br,2H),3.57(br,1H),4.26-4.42(m,1H),5.02(s,2H),6.19(d,J=5.0Hz,1H), 7.34-7.45(m,3H),7.49-7.51(m,1H),7.53-7.68(m,3H),7.99(s,3H)。
制备22:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五
氟丙酯
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
制备23:(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸丁酰氧基甲酯
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
实例1A:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸
将1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑-6-甲酸(56.6mg,316μmol)和HCTU(131mg,316μmol)组合于DMF中,并且在室温下搅拌5分钟。添加DIPEA(83μL,474μmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(4-溴苯基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(50mg,0.2mmol),并且搅拌所得混合物10分钟。在减压下蒸发混合物并且纯化(C18柱,含5%TFA的20-70%MeCN水溶液)。冻干纯净洗脱份(40mg)。接着将这些固体与3-氯苯基硼酸(44.5mg,285μmol)、K2CO3(66mg,474μmol)、EtOH(0.8mL,10mmol)和水(0.2mL,10mmol)组合。添加DPP-Pd(0.28mmol/g负荷;57mg,16μmol),并且在100℃下微波处理所得混合物10分钟。过滤混合物并且添加1M LiOH水溶液(1.3mL,1.3mmol)。搅拌混 合物30分钟,在减压下蒸发,并且通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(20.2mg,纯度95%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C24H21ClN4O5,计算值481.12;实验值481.2。
实例1B:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸3,3,3-三氟丙酯
将4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(196μL,786μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸乙酯(50.0mg,98.2μmol)于3,3,3-三氟丙-1-醇(336mg,3.0mmol)中的溶液中,并且在70℃下搅拌所得混合物3小时。在真空中浓缩混合物,得到白色固体,其通过制备型HPLC(C18柱色谱法,使用含0.05%TFA的40-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(18mg,纯度100%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C27H24ClF3N4O5,计算值577.14;实验值577.1。
实例1C:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸2,2,2-三氟乙酯
将4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(196μL,786μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸乙酯(50.0mg,98.2μmol)于2,2,2-三氟乙醇(215μL,3.0mmol)中的溶液中,并且在100℃下搅拌所得混合物3小时。在真空中浓缩混合物,得到澄清无色液体,其通过制备型HPLC(C18柱色谱法,使用含0.05%TFA的40-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(15.2mg,纯度99%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C26H22ClF3N4O5,计算值563.12;实验值563.2。
实例1D:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酯
将HATU(37.9mg,99.6μmol)添加到1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑-6-甲酸(14.9mg,83μmol)于DMF(0.5mL,6.4mmol)中的溶液中并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物5分钟。将(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酯(30.0mg,66.4μmol)添加到混合物中,随后经5分钟逐滴添加DIPEA(35μL,0.2mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟。在真空中浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体,其通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(2.9mg,纯度100%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C27H22ClF5N4O5,计算值613.12;实验值613.0。
实例1E:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯
将HATU(37.9mg,99.6μmol)添加到1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑-6-甲酸(14.9mg,83μmol)于DMF(0.5mL,6.4mmol)中的溶液中并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物5分钟。将(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯(28.7mg,66.4μmol)添加到混合物中,随后经5分钟逐滴添加DIPEA(35μL,0.2mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟。在真空中浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体,其通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(37.8mg,纯度98.5%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C29H25ClN4O8,计算值593.14;实验值593.0。
实例1F:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸丁酰氧基甲酯
将HATU(37.9mg,99.6μmol)添加到1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑-6-甲酸(14.9mg,83μmol)于DMF(0.5mL,6.4mmol)中的溶液中并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物5分钟。将(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸丁酰氧基甲酯(27.9mg,66.4μmol)添加到混合物中,随后经5分钟逐滴添加DIPEA(35μL,0.2mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟。在真空中浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体,其通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(5.2mg,纯度98.2%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C29H29ClN4O7,计算值581.17;实验值581.2。
实例1G:(2R,4R)-4-[(3-乙酰氧基甲氧基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯
联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
将4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(270mL,1.1mmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸(130mg,270μmol)于苯甲醇(559μL,5.4mmol)中的溶液中,并且在60℃下搅拌1.5小时。接着纯化(C18柱色谱法,55g柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)混合物,得到灰白色固体。将乙酸溴甲酯(45.5mg,297μmol)添加到此灰白色固体和K2CO3(82.2mg,595μmol)于DMF(3.1mL,40.0mmol)中的溶液中并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物1小时。接着纯化(柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的40-90%MeCN水溶液)混合物,得到澄清无色粘性 液体。将10%Pd/C,50%湿(0.45mmol/g负荷;30.0mg,13.5μmol)添加到此澄清无色粘性液体的MeOH溶液(4.1mL,102mmol)中并且在氢气下搅拌所得混合物30分钟。过滤混合物并且在真空中浓缩滤液,得到澄清无色液体。纯化(C18柱色谱法,55g柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-85%MeCN水溶液)粗液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(14.0mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C27H25ClN4O7,计算值553.14;实验值553.1。
实例1H:(2R,4R)-4-[(3-乙酰氧基甲氧基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯
联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酰氧基甲酯
将Et3N(7.0μL,50μmol)添加到[(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸(20.0mg,42μmol)和乙酸溴甲酯(6.52μL,67μmol)于丙酮(1.3mL,17.2mmol)中的溶液中,并且在65℃下在密封小瓶中搅拌所得混合物5小时。添加1∶1TFA/DCM(0.50mL,3.1mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟并浓缩,得到澄清黄色液体。通过制备型HPLC(C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化粗液体,得到标题化合物(5.2mg,纯度100%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C30H29ClN4O9,计算值625.16;实验值625.1。
实例1I:(2R,4R)-4-[(3-苯甲氧基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-
4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
将HATU(246mg,647μmol)添加到1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-苯并三唑-6-甲酸(116mg,647μmol)于DMF(2.0mL,25.8mmol)中的溶液中并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物10分 钟。将DIPEA(225μL,1.3mmol)添加到混合物中,随后添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(150mg,431μmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物1小时。将3.0M LiOH水溶液(1.7mL,5.2mmol)添加到混合物中并且在室温下搅拌30分钟。接着纯化(C18柱色谱法,55g柱,使用含0.05%TFA的40-90%MeCN水溶液)混合物,得到白色固体。将苯甲基溴(41μL,345μmol)添加到此固体于丙酮(3.0mL,40.8mmol)中的溶液中。添加Et3N(54μL,388μmol)并且在50℃下搅拌所得混合物2小时。在真空中浓缩混合物并且纯化(C18柱色谱法,55g柱,使用含0.05%TFA的40-90%MeCN水溶液)所得粗澄清黄色液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(201mg,纯度100%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C31H27ClN4O5,计算值571.17;实验值571。
实例1J:(2R,4R)-5-(3′氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸苯甲酯
将4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(270μL,1.0mmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸(130mg,270μmol)于苯甲醇(559μL,5.4mmol)中的溶液中,并且在60℃下搅拌所得混合物15分钟。通过制备型HPLC(C18柱色谱法,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化混合物,得到呈灰白色固体状的标题化合物(16.0mg,纯度99.2%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C31H27ClN4O5,计算值571.17;实验值571.1。
实例1K:(2R,4R)-5-(3′氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸乙酰氧基甲酯
将乙酸溴甲酯(6.7μL,68.3μmol)和Et2O(11.7μL,84μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-4-[(3-苯甲氧基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(30.0mg,52.5μmol)于丙酮(10mL,13.6mmol)中的溶液中并且在45℃下搅拌所得混合物1小时。添加一滴AcOH以中和反应并且浓缩混合物,得到澄清黄色液体。纯化(C18柱色谱法,55g柱,使用含0.05%TFA的40-90%MeCN水溶液)粗液体,得到白色固体。将固体溶解于THF(1.0mL,12.3mmol)中并且将10%Pd/C,50%湿(0.45mmol/g负荷;5.8mg,2.6μmol)添加到溶液中,在氢气下搅拌1小时。过滤混合物并且浓缩滤液,得到澄清无色液体。(制备型规模C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化粗液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(10.0mg,纯度99%)。MSm/z[M+H]+C27H25ClN4O7,计算值553.14;实验值553.1。
实例1L:(2R,4R)-4-{[3-((R)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲氧基)-3H-苯并三唑-5- 羰基]氨基}-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-戊酸
将Et3N(7.0μL,50μmol)添加到[(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸(20.0mg,42μmol)和(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(17.7mg,67μmol)于丙酮(1.3mL,17.2mmol)中的溶液中,并且在65℃下在密封小瓶中搅拌所得混合物5小时。添加1∶1TFA/DCM(0.50mL,3.1mmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟并浓缩,得到澄清黄色液体。通过制备型HPLC(C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化粗液体,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐 形式的标题化合物(6.2mg,纯度96%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C30H32ClN5O7,计算值610.20;实验值610.1。
实例1M:(2R,4R)-4-[(3-丁酰氧基甲氧基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯
联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
将Et3N(7.0μL,50μmol)添加到[(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸(20.0mg,42μmol)和丁酸氯甲酯(8.3μL,67μmol)于丙酮(1.3mL,17.2mmol)中的溶液中,并且在65℃下在密封小瓶中搅拌所得混合物5小时。接着浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体。通过制备型HPLC(C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化粗液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(3.3mg,纯度94%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C29H29ClN4O7,计算值581.17;实验值581.1。
实例1N:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸(R)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲酯
将(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酸氯甲酯(18.1mg,68.3μmol)和Et3N(11.7μL,84μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-4-[(3-苯甲氧基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(30.0mg,52.5μmol)于丙酮(1.00mL,13.6mmol)的溶液中并且在60℃下搅拌3小时。浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体,将其与1∶1TFA/DCM(1.0mL,6.2mmol)组合并且在室温下搅拌1小时。在真空中浓缩混合物并且纯化(C18柱色谱法,55g 柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)所得粗液体,得到白色固体。在0℃下将所述固体溶解于DCM(0.5mL,7.8mmol)中。依序添加氯甲酸甲酯(6.1μL,78.8μmol)、Et3N(18.3μL,131μmol)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物30分钟。添加一滴AcOH以中和反应并且浓缩混合物,得到澄清黄色液体。将粗液体与10%Pd/C,50%湿(0.45mmol/g负荷;5.8mg,2.6μmol)组合并且在氢气下搅拌1小时。过滤混合物并且浓缩滤液,得到澄清黄色液体。纯化(制备型规模C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)粗液体,得到呈白色固体三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(7.5mg,99%纯度)。MS m/z[M+H]+C32H34ClN5O9,计算值668.20;实验值668.1。
实例1O:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-{[3-((S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-
3-甲基丁酰氧基甲氧基)-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基]氨基}戊酸
将Et3N(7.0μL,50μmol)添加到[(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊酸(20.0mg,42μmol)和(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(17.7mg,67μmol)于丙酮(1.3mL,17.2mmol)中的溶液中,并且在65℃下在密封小瓶中搅拌所得混合物5小时。接着浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体。在0℃下将氯甲酸甲酯(4.8ML,62μmol)添加到黄色液体和Et3N(11.6μL,83μmol)于DCM(0.5mL,7.8mmol)中的溶液中并且在室温下搅拌混合物15分钟。在真空中浓缩混合物并且通过制备型规模HPLC(C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化所得澄清无色液体,得到呈白色固体三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(5.1mg,纯度99%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C32H34ClN5O9,计算值668.20;实验值668。
实例1P:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-羟基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰
基)氨基]戊酸(R)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲酯
将(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酸氯甲酯(18.1mg,68.3μmol)和Et3N(11.7μL,84μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-4-[(3-苯甲氧基-3H-苯并三唑-5-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(30.0mg,52.5μmol)于丙酮(1.00mL,13.6mmol)的溶液中并且在60℃下搅拌3小时。浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体,将其与1∶1TFA/DCM(1.0mL,6.2mmol)组合并且在室温下搅拌1小时。在真空中浓缩混合物并且纯化(C18柱色谱法,55g柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)所得粗液体,得到白色固体。将固体溶解于THF(1.0mL)中并且将10%Pd/C,50%湿(0.45mmol/g负荷;5.8mg,2.6μmol)添加到溶液中,在氢气下搅拌1小时。过滤混合物并且浓缩滤液,得到澄清黄色液体。纯化(制备型规模C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)粗液体,得到呈白色固体三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(6.5mg,纯度98%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C30H32ClN5O7,计算值610.20;实验值610.1。
实例2A:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸
将5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(19.6mg,138μmol)与HCTU(56.9mg,138μmol)组合于DMF中。在室温下搅拌混合物10分钟,随后添加DIPEA(72μL,413μmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(50mg,0.1mmol)。在室温 下搅拌所得混合物过夜。添加EtOH(402μL,6.9mmol)和1M LiOH水溶液(1.1mL,1.1mmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物1小时。在减压下蒸发混合物并且通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(6.4mg)。MSm/z[M+H]+C22H22ClN3O5,计算值444.12;实验值444.4。
实例2B:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯
将5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(5.6mg,39μmol)和HCTU(16.2mg,39μmol)组合于DMF(166μL,2.1mmol)中并且在室温下搅拌15分钟。添加DIPEA(19μL,0.1mmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯(15.4mg,36μmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物30分钟。在真空中去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC纯化粗产物,得到标题化合物(7mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C27H26ClN3O8,计算值556.14;实验值556.1。
实例2C:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸乙酯
将5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(122mg,862μmol)和HATU(361mg,949μmol)组合于DMF(1.0mL,13mmol)中并且搅拌10分钟。添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(30.0mg,86μmol)和DIPEA(165μL,949μmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。接着在减压下浓缩混合物并且将残余物溶解于50%AcOH-水(15 mL)中,过滤,通过逆相制备型HPLC纯化,并且冻干,得到标题化合物(11.1mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C24H26ClN3O5,计算值472.16;实验值472.2。
实例2D:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酯
将(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-{[5-(4-甲氧基苯甲氧基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基]氨基}戊酸(28.0mg,49.6μmol)与HOBt(40.2mg,298μmol)和EDC(53μL,0.3mmol)组合于DCM(0.4mL,6mmol)中。搅拌所得溶液15分钟,随后添加2,2,3,3,3-五氟-1-丙醇(39.6μL,397μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物并且监测反应完成。4小时后,通过旋转蒸发浓缩混合物并且纯化(逆相柱)残余物。
将残余物溶解于EtOAc(842μL,8.6mmol)中并且添加10%Pd/C,50%湿(0.45mmol/g负荷;31.9mg,14μmol)。在氢气下搅拌所得混合物1小时。在真空中去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC纯化残余物,得到标题化合物(4.9mg,纯度100%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C25H23ClF5N3O5,计算值576.12;实验值576.1
实例2E:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸1-三氟甲基丙酯
将(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-{[5-(4-甲氧基苯甲氧基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3- 羰基]氨基}戊酸(28.0mg,49.6μmol)与HOBt(40.2mg,298μmol)和EDC(53μL,0.3mmol)组合于DCM(0.4mL,6mmol)中。搅拌所得溶液15分钟,随后添加1,1,1-三氟-2-丁醇(50.9mg,397μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物并且监测反应完成。4小时后,通过旋转蒸发浓缩混合物并且纯化(逆相柱)残余物。
将残余物溶解于EtOAc(842μL,8.6mmol)中,并且添加10%Pd/C,50%湿(0.45mmol/g负荷;31.9mg,14μmol)。在氢气下搅拌所得混合物1小时。在真空中去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC纯化残余物,得到标题化合物(1.3mg,纯度99%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C26H27ClF3N3O5,计算值554.16;实验值554.1。
实例2F:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟-1-甲基丙酯
将(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-{[5-(4-甲氧基苯甲氧基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基]氨基}戊酸(28.0mg,49.6μmol)与HOBt(40.2mg,298μmol)和EDC(53μL,0.3mmol)组合于DCM(0.4mL,6mmol)中。搅拌所得溶液15分钟,随后添加3,3,4,4,4-五氟-2-丁醇(65.2mg,397μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物并且监测反应完成。4小时后,通过旋转蒸发浓缩混合物并且纯化(逆相柱)残余物。
将残余物溶解于EtOAc(842μL,8.6mmol)中,并且添加10%Pd/C 50%湿(0.45mmol/g负荷;31.9mg,14μmol)。在氢气下搅拌所得混合物1小时。在真空中去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC纯化残余物,得到标题化合物(18mg,纯度98%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C26H25ClF5N3O5,计算值590.14;实验值590.1。
实例2G:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸苯甲酯
在室温下搅拌(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(150.0mg,431μmol)、苯甲醇(446.2μL,4.3mmol)和4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(431μL,1.7mmol)的混合物过夜,接着在50℃下搅拌1小时。接着在减压下浓缩混合物。在DMF(0.5mL,5mmol)中搅拌5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(30.6mg,216μmol)和HATU(98.4mg,259μmol)10分钟,接着连同DIPEA(113μL,647μmol)一起添加到浓缩的混合物中。在室温下搅拌所得混合物2小时并在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶解于50%AcOH-水(5mL)中,过滤,并且通过逆相制备型HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(81.4mg)。
实例2H:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸丁酰氧基甲酯
在室温下向5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸甲酯(3g,19.2mmol)于DMF(15mL)中的溶液中添加K2CO3(2.7g,19.2mmol)。10分钟后,添加烯丙基溴(2.3g,19.2mmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物2小时。添加水(150mL),用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取混合物,并且用饱和NaCl水溶液(50mL)洗涤合并的有机层并经无水Na2SO4干燥。接着蒸发溶液并且通过硅胶色谱法(硅胶:200-300目,用PE∶EtOAc=10∶1到5∶1到1∶1洗脱)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(3g)。LC-MS:197[M+H]+。
向化合物1(3g,15mmol)于THF(30mL)中的溶液中添加LiOH(550mg,23mmol)于水(15mL)中的溶液。在室温下搅拌混合物1小时,接着在真空中浓缩。将水(20mL)添加到残余物中并且用EtOAc(20mL)洗涤混合物。用1N HCl水溶液将水层酸化到pH=3并且用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(30mL)洗涤合并的有机 层,并经无水Na2SO4干燥。接着蒸发溶液,得到呈白色固体状的化合物2(2.3g)。LC-MS:183[M+H]+。
在0℃下向(2R,4R)-4-氨基-2-羟基-5-(3′-甲基联苯-4-基)戊酸乙酯(13g,7.1mmol)和化合物2(2.7g,7.1mmol)于DMF(30mL)中的溶液中添加PyBOP(3.7g,7.1mmol)和DIPEA(1.8g,14.2mmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物2小时。添加水(200mL),用EtOAc(3×100mL)萃取混合物,并且用饱和NaCl水溶液(100mL)洗涤合并的有机层并经无水Na2SO4干燥。浓缩混合物并且通过硅胶色谱法(硅胶:200-300目;用PE∶EtOAc=10∶1到5∶1到1∶1洗脱)纯化残余物,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物3(2.4g)。LC-MS:512[M+H]+。
在室温下向化合物3(2.4g,4.7mmol)于THF(20mL)和水(10mL)中的溶液中添加LiOH(169mg,7mmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物1小时。浓缩混合物,添加水(50mL)并且用EtOAc(2×20mL)洗涤混合物。用1N HCl水溶液将水层酸化到pH=3并且用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(50mL)洗涤合并的有机层并经无水Na2SO4干燥。接着蒸发溶液,得到呈黄色固体状的化合物4(2g)。LC-MS:484[M+H]+。
在50℃下搅拌化合物4(400mg,830μmol)、NaI(248mg,1.7mmol)和二甲基吡 啶(173mg,1.7mmol)于丁酸氯甲酯(2mL)中的悬浮液5小时。冷却到室温后,用水(20mL)稀释混合物并且用EtOAc(2×20mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(40mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,并且通过硅胶色谱法(硅胶:200-300目;用PE∶EtOAc 5∶1到2∶1洗脱)纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物5(200mg)。LC-MS:584[M+H]+。
向化合物5(140mg,240μmol)于DCM(5mL)中的溶液中添加Pd(PPh3)4(83mg,70μmol)、Et3SiH(83mg,720μmol)和AcOH(43mg,720μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物4小时并浓缩。通过制备型HPLC[大曹填料-C18(Daisogel-C18),150×21.2mm,5μ;MeCN-H2O(0.1%TFA)60%到80%]纯化残余物,得到呈黄色油状物的标题化合物(20mg)。LC-MS:544[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400Hz):δ0.93(t,3H),1.62(q,2H),2.06-2.13(m,2H),2.31(t,2H),2.97-2.99(m,2H),3.65(s,3H),4.32(m,1H),4.51(m,1H),5.75(dd,2H),7.35-7.41(m,4H),7.53-7.60(m,4H)。
实例2I:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-
羰基)氨基]戊酸(S)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲酯
在50℃下搅拌(2R,4R)-4-[(5-烯丙氧基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-戊酸(400mg,830μmol)、NaI(248mg,1.7mmol)和二甲基吡啶(173mg,1.7mmol)于(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(2mL)中的悬浮液2小时。冷却到室温后,用水(20mL)稀释混合物并且用EtOAc(2×20mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(40mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,并且通过硅胶色谱法(硅胶:200-300目;用PE∶EtOAc 5∶1到2∶1洗脱)纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物1(290mg)。LC-MS:713[M+H]+。
向化合物1(290mg,0.4mmol)于THF(5mL)中的溶液中添加Pd(PPh3)4(70mg,60μmol)和1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸(312mg,2mmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物2小时并浓缩。将残余物溶解于EtOAc(30mL)中,用5%NaHCO3(2×15mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并浓缩,得到呈棕色固体状的粗化合物2(220mg)。LC-MS:673[M+H]+。
向1M HCl(气)于二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液中添加化合物2(220mg,330μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物1小时并浓缩。通过制备型HPLC[大曹填料-C18,150×21.2mm,5μ;MeCN-H2O(0.1%TFA)35%到45%]纯化残余物,得到呈黄色固体状的标题化合物(100mg)。LC-MS:573[M+H]+。1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400Hz):δ0.97(d,6H),1.82-1.85(m,1H),1.98-2.01(m,1H),2.162.19(m,1H),2.85-2.88(m,2H),3.58(s,3H),3.99-4.01(m,1H),4.18-4.20(m,1H),4.23-4.25(m,1H),5.84(dd,2H),7.28-7.47(m,4H),7.60-7.69(m,4H),8.01(s,1H),8.55(br,2H)。
实例3A:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡
唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸
将5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(59.0mg,287μmol)和HCTU(131mg,316μmol)组合于DMF(1.3mL,17.2mmol)中,并且在室温下搅拌15分钟。添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯(100mg,0.3mmol)和DIPEA(150μL,862μmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物15分钟。在减压下蒸发反应物。将残余物溶解于EtOH中并且添加1M LiOH水溶液(1.4mL,1.4mmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物1小时,接着在减压下蒸发。通过制备型HPLC纯化残余物,得到标题化合物(85mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C26H23ClN4O5,计算值507.14;实验值507.1。
实例3B:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡
唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯
将5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(8.1mg,39μmol)和HCTU(16.2mg,39μmol)组合于DMF(166μL,2.1mmol)中并且在室温下搅拌15分钟。添加DIPEA(19μL,0.1mmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯(15.4mg,36μmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物30分钟。在真空中去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC纯化粗产物,得到标题化合物(18mg)。MSm/z [M+H]+C31H27ClN4O8,计算值619.15;实验值619.1。
实例3C:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡
唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸乙酯
在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(1.0mL,11mmol)中搅拌5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(23.6mg,115μmol)和HATU(52.5mg,138μmol)10分钟。添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(40.0mg,115μmol)和DIPEA(60.1μL,345μmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物2小时。接着在减压下浓缩混合物,将残余物溶解于EtOAc(20mL)中,并且用水(2×5mL)洗涤有机层,经MgSO4干燥并浓缩。将一半残余物溶解于50%AcOH-水(1.5mL)中,过滤,并且通过逆相制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(6.1mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C28H27ClN4O5,计算值535.17;实验值535.4。
实例3D:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡
唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸异丁酯
在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(1.0mL,11mmol)中搅拌5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(23.6mg,115μmol)和HATU(52.5mg,138μmol)10分钟。添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(40.0mg,115μmol)和DIPEA(60.1μL,345μmol), 并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物2小时。接着在减压下浓缩混合物,将残余物溶解于EtOAc(20mL)中,并且用水(2×5mL)洗涤有机层,经MgSO4干燥并浓缩。将一半残余物与异丁醇(0.5mL,5mmol)和4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(115μL,460μmol)组合。在室温下搅拌混合物过夜,在减压下浓缩,将残余物溶解于50%AcOH-水(1.5mL)中,过滤,并且通过逆相制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(9.1mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C30H31ClN4O5,计算值563.20;实验值563.4。
实例3E:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡
唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸苯甲酯
在室温下搅拌(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(150.0mg,431μmol)、苯甲醇(446.2μL,4.3mmol)和4.0M HCl的1,4-二噁烷溶液(431μL,1.7mmol)的混合物过夜,接着在50℃下搅拌1小时。接着在减压下浓缩混合物。在DMF(0.5mL,5mmol)中搅拌5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酸(44.2mg,216μmol)和HATU(98.4mg,259μmol)10分钟,接着连同DIPEA(113μL,647μmol)一起添加到浓缩的混合物中。在室温下搅拌所得混合物2小时并在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶解于50%AcOH-水(5mL)中,过滤,并且通过逆相制备型HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(19.5mg)。
实例3F:(2R,4R)-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-4-
[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
实例3G:(2R,4R)-4-{[5-((S)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲氧基)-1-吡啶-2-基-
1H-吡唑-3-羰基]氨基}-5-(3′-氯-联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
实例3H:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-羟基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡
唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲酯
向(2R,4R)-4-[(5-烯丙氧基-1-吡啶-2-基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)-氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(220mg,0.4mmol)和(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(180mg,0.8 mmol)于DMF(2mL)中的溶液中添加2,6-二甲基吡啶(130mg,1.2mmol)和NaI(60mg,0.4mmol)。在室温下搅拌24小时后,用水(20mL)稀释混合物并且用EtOAc(2×20mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×70mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩并且通过制备型TLC(PE∶EtOAc=1∶1)纯化,得到呈黄色固体状的化合物1(160mg)。LC-MS:734[M+H]+。
在室温下搅拌化合物1(140mg,190μmol)、Et3SiH(88mg,760μmol)、Pd(PPh3)4(22mg,20μmol)和AcOH(22mg,0.38mmol)于DCM(2mL)中的混合物4小时。去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC(吉米尼-C18 150×21.2mm,5μ;MeCN-H2O(0.1%TFA);50%到70%)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(15mg)。LC-MS:694[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.47(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.55(dd,J=19.3,11.4Hz,4H),7.37(dt,J=28.2,6.2Hz,5H),5.85(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),5.75(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.58(m,1H),4.36(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.04(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),3.65(s,3H),3.04(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.20(dd,J=12.5,7.1Hz,1H),2.08(m,2H),0.90(dd,J=10.8,6.9Hz,6H)。
实例4A:(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-
4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯
向经搅拌的3-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(50.9mg,330μmol)、HATU(125mg,330 μmol)和DIPEA(104μL,0.6mmol)于DMF(0.6mL,7.7mmol)中的溶液中添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(110mg,300μmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物直到反应完成。用DCM稀释混合物并且用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤。经Na2SO4干燥有机物,并且去除溶剂。接着通过制备型HPLC纯化一半物质,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(22mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C25H25ClFN3O5,计算值502.15;实验值502.1。
实例4B:(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-
4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
在室温下将(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(75mg,150μmol)与含LiOH(10.8mg,450μmol)的水(450μL,25mmol)和EtOH(450μL,7.7mmol)一起搅拌过夜。去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC纯化残余物质,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(11.6mg)。
实例5A:(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-
2-羟基戊酸乙酯
向经搅拌的3-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(50.9mg,330μmol)、HATU(125mg,330μmol)和DIPEA(104μL,0.6mmol)于DMF(0.6mL,7.7mmol)中的溶液中添加(2R,4R)- 4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(104mg,300μmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物直到反应完成。用DCM稀释混合物并且用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤。经Na2SO4干燥有机物,并且去除溶剂。接着通过制备型HPLC纯化一半物质,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(20mg)。MSm/z[M+H]+C25H26ClN3O5,计算值484.16;实验值484.1。
实例5B:(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-
2-羟基戊酸
在室温下将(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-1H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-戊酸乙酯(72mg,150μmol)与含LiOH(10.8mg,450μmol)的水(450μL,25mmol)和EtOH(450μL,7.7mmol)一起搅拌过夜。去除溶剂并且通过制备型HPLC纯化残余物质,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(11.5mg)。
实例6A:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-4-{[3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-羰基]氨
基}-2-羟基戊酸
在室温下向3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-甲酸(14.3mg,69μmol)和HATU(26.2mg,69μmol)于DMF(0.5mL,6mmol)中的混合物中添加(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(20.0mg,58μmol)和DIPEA(20.0μl,115μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加MeOH(2.0mL,49mmol)、水(1.0mL,56mmol)和单水合LiOH(9.7mg,230μmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物1小时。过滤所得固体并且用MeCN和水冲 洗,得到标题化合物(17.1mg)。MSm/z[M+H]+C27H22ClFN2O5,计算值509.12;实验值509。
实例6B:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-4-{[3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-羰基]氨
基}-2-羟基戊酸乙氧羰基氧基甲酯
在室温下搅拌(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(盐酸盐;1.5g,4mmol)、3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-甲酸(814mg,4mmol)、HOBt(1.1g,8mmol)、EDC(1.5g,8mmol)和DIPEA(1.6g,12mmol)于DMF(50ml)中的溶液15小时。用水(50mL)淬灭反应物并且用EtOAc(3×60mL)萃取,并且收集有机层并浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=5∶1)纯化残余物,得到化合物1(1.1g)。LC-MS:537[M+H]+。
在室温下搅拌化合物1(200mg,0.37mmol)和单水合LiOH(78mg,1.9mmol)于THF/MeOH/H2O(2∶2∶1 20mL)中的悬浮液3小时。浓缩混合物以去除有机溶剂,并且用HCl水溶液(1M)将残余物调整到pH 6。过滤混合物,得到呈白色固体状的化合物2(120mg)。LC-MS:509[M+H]+。
在30℃下搅拌化合物2(150mg,0.3mmol)、乙基碳酸氯甲酯(84mg,0.6mmol)、NaI(15mg,0.6mmol)和吡啶(96mg,1.2mmol)于DMF(20mL)中的悬浮液15小时。用水(15mL)淬灭反应物并且用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取。在真空中浓缩合并的有机层并且通过柱色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=3∶1)纯化,得到呈灰白色固体状的标题化合物(10mg)。LC-MS:611[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ1.33(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),2.03-2.08(m,1H),2.30-2.34(m,1H),3.05(d,J=6.4Hz 2H),4.26(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.48(br,1H),4.75(br,1H),5.68-5.70(m,1H),5.81-5.83(m,1H),6.88(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.28-7.34(m,7H),7.42-7.53(m,4H),7.96-7.99(t,J=6.8Hz,1H)。
实例6C:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-4-{[3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-羰基]氨
基}-2-羟基戊酸异丙氧羰基氧基甲酯
向经搅拌的(2R,4R)-4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(2.4g,5.7mmol)于DMF(50mL)中的溶液中添加氯甲基异丙基碳酸酯(1.3g,8.6mmol)。向此混合物中添加NaI(1.71g,11.4mmol)和DIPEA(2.2g,17.1mmol)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。添加水(100mL)并且用EtOAc(3×80mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×100mL)和水(2×100mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc,15∶1~6∶1)纯化产物,得到呈白色固体状的化合 物1(574mg)。LC-MS:558[M+Na]+。
在0℃下将化合物1(574mg,1.1mmol)溶解于HCl-二噁烷溶液(1.4M,50mL)中,并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物8小时。去除溶剂后,将残余物分散于EtOAc(10mL)中。通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物2(300mg)。LC-MS:436[M+H]+。
向化合物2(150mg,340μmol)于DMF(10mL)中的溶液中添加3-(2-氟苯基)-异噁唑-5-羰基氯(79mg,380μmol)和DIPEA(120μL,680μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水(50mL),并且接着用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×50mL)和水(2×50mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。接着通过制备型HPLC(CAN-H2O(0.1%TFA),75-80)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(60mg)。LC-MS:625[M+H]+。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.22-1.23(m,6H),2.01-2.07(m,2H),2.89-2.96(m,2H),4.37-4.38(m,2H),4.80(br,1H),5.67-5.69(m,2H),5.71-5.78(m,1H),7.31-7.33(m,7H),7.42-7.43(m,5H),7.61-7.63(m,1H),8.95(d,J=6.8Hz,1H)。
实例6D:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-4-{[3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-羰基]氨
基}-2-羟基戊酸乙酰氧基甲酯
在室温下向经搅拌的乙酸溴甲酯(977mg,6.4mmol)于DMF(10mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加(2R,4R)-4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(1.8g,4.3mmol)于DMF(10mL)中的溶液。接着逐滴添加吡啶(1.5g,19.2mmol)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。添加水(150mL)并且用EtOAc(3×100mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×100mL)和水(3×100mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=6∶1)纯化粗产物,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(570mg)。LC-MS:436[M-tBu+H]+。
在0℃下将化合物1(570mg,1.2mmol)溶解于HCl-二噁烷溶液(1.4mol/L,50mL)中。在室温下搅拌所得混合物8小时,接着在真空中浓缩。将残余物分散于EtOAc(10mL)中。通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物2(200mg)。LC-MS:392[M+H]+。
向化合物2(150mg,380μmol)于THF(10mL)中的溶液中添加3-(2-氟苯基)-异噁唑-5-羰基氯(79mg,380μmol)和DIPEA(120μL,680μmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水(50mL),并且接着用EtOAc(3×20mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×30mL)和水(2×30mL)洗涤有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。接着通过制备型HPLC(CAN-H2O(0.1%TFA),75-80)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(13mg)。LC-MS:581[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ1.90-1.99(m,2H),2.07(s,3H),2.89-2.96(m,2H),4.27-4.38(m,2H),5.67-5.69(m,2H),5.78(br,1H),7.31-7.33(m,7H),7.42-7.43(m,5H),7.61-7.63(m,1H),8.95(d,J=8.8Hz,1H)。
实例6E:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-4-{[3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-羰基]氨
基}-2-羟基戊酸(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲酯
将2,6-二甲基吡啶(96mg,0.9mmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-4-{[3-(2-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-羰基]氨基}-2-羟基戊酸(150mg,0.3mmol)、(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(134mg,0.6mmol)和NaI(135mg,0.9mmol)于DMF(10mL)中的溶液中。在50℃下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水(20mL),并且用乙醚(2×30mL)萃取混合物。经无水Na2SO4干燥合并的有机层并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=4/1~1/2)纯化残余物,得到呈浅黄色固体状的标题化合物(8mg)。LC-MS:695.9[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD-d4,400MHz)δ0.92-0.95(m,6H),2.03-2.08(m,3H),3.00-3.10(m,2H),4.09(br,1H),4.27-4.28(m,1H),4.87(br,1H),5.75-5.85(m,2H),7.26-7.37(m,6H),7.51-7.53(m,6H),7.93-7.95(m,1H)。
实例7A:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基)氨
基]戊酸
将3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-甲酸(39.4mg,275μmol)和HCTU(128mg,310μmol)组合于DMF中,并且在室温下搅拌10分钟。添加DIPEA(72μL,413mmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(50mg,0.1mmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。将混合物与EtOH(402μL,6.9mmol)和1M LiOH水溶液(1.1mL,1.1mmol)组合。在室温下搅拌混合物1小时,在减压下蒸发,并且通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物。MS m/z[M+H]+C22H21ClN2O6,计算值445.11;实验值445.2。
实例7B:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基)氨
基]戊酸2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲酯
在0℃下向(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(盐酸盐,1g,2.6mmol)于THF(30mL)中的溶液中添加3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基氯(430mg,3mmol)于THF(10mL)和Et3N(790mg,7.8mmol)中的溶液。在室温下搅拌所得溶液6小时,接着在真空中浓缩,得到黄色固体,其通过色谱法(PE∶EtOAc=8∶1)纯化,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(0.9g)。LC-MS:473[M+H]+。
向化合物1(0.5g,1mmol)于MeOH/THF/H2O(15mL/15mL/3mL)中的溶液中添加LiOH(120mg,5mmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物5小时,接着浓缩。用HCl(1N,20mL)将混合物的pH值调整到pH 5。过滤固体,得到呈白色固体状的化合物2(0.4g)。LC-MS:445[M+H]+。
将DIPEA(250mg,2mmol)添加到化合物2(220mg,0.5mmol)、(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(220mg,1mmol)和NaI(300mg,2mmol)于DMF(5mL)中的溶液中。在室温下搅拌混合物12小时。接着将混合物倾倒于水(20mL)中,用EtOAc(3×15mL)萃取,用饱和NaCl水溶液(30mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。接着通过色谱法(石油醚∶EtOAc=6∶1)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(10mg)。LC-MS:632[M+H]+。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ0.86(d,J=6.8Hz,6H),1.97-2.02(m,3H),2.92-2.94(m,2H),3.92(s,3H),4.36-4.21(m,2H),5.70-5.79(m,2H),6.72(s,1H),7.29(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.46-7.61(m,2H),7.60-7.69(m,4H),8.73(d,J=8.8Hz,1H)。
实例7C:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基)氨
基]戊酸异丙氧羰基氧基甲酯
在25℃下搅拌(2R,4R)-4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(600mg,1.4mmol)、氯甲基异丙基碳酸酯(426mg,2.8mmol)、NaI(420mg,2.8mmol)和DIPEA(546mg,4.2mmol)于DMF(30.0mL)中的混合物过夜。将反应混合物倾倒于水(60mL)中并且用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×50mL)和水(2×50mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚∶EtOAc=2∶1)纯化产物,得到呈无色液体状的化合物1(240mg)。LC-MS:480[M-tBu+H]+。
在0℃下将化合物1(240mg,0.45mol)溶解于HCl-二噁烷溶液(10.0mL,3.0M)中,并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。在真空中去除溶剂。将残余物分散于EtOAc(10mL)中。通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物2(80mg)。LC-MS:436[M+H]+。
在室温下搅拌化合物2(70mg,0.15mmol)、3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-甲酸(43mg,0.3mmol)、HOBT(40mg,0.3mmol)、EDCI(57mg,0.3mmol)和DIPEA(78mg,0.6mmol)于DMF(10.0mL)中的混合物过夜。将混合物倾倒于水(30mL)中并且用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取。分离有机层,用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×30mL)和水(2×30mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚∶EtOAc=2∶1)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(20mg)。LC-MS:561[M+H]+。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ1.30(d,J=6.4Hz,6H),2.04-2.05(m,1H),2.25-2.29(m,1H),2.99-3.01(m,2H),3.48(br,1H),4.00(s,3H),4.46-4.48(m,1H),4.50(br,1H),4.92-4.93(m,1H),5.69-5.79(m,2H),6.51(s,1H),6.79-6.70(m,1H),7.28-7.57(m,8H)。
实例7D:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基)氨
基]戊酸乙酰氧基甲酯
在室温下将乙酸溴甲酯(977mg,6.4mmol)添加到经搅拌的(2R,4R)-4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(1.8g,4.3mmol)于DMF(20mL)中的溶液中。逐滴添加吡啶(1.7g,21.5mmol)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。添加水(50mL)并且用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×60mL)和水(2×60mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚∶EtOAc,15∶1~6∶1)纯化产物,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(570mg)。LC-MS:436[M-tBu+H]+。
在0℃下将化合物1(570mg,1.2mmol)添加到HCl-二噁烷溶液(1.4mol/L,50mL)中,并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物2小时,接着在真空中浓缩。将残余物分散于 EtOAc(10mL)中。通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物2(200mg)。LC-MS:392[M+H]+。
向化合物2(100mg,255μmol)于DMF(10mL)中的溶液中添加3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-甲酸(79mg,383μmol)、HOBt(69mg,510μmol)、EDCI(98mg,510μmol)和DIPEA(0.2mL,1.0mmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。添加水(30mL)并且用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×30mL)和水(2×30mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过制备型HPLC(CAN-H2O(0.1%TFA),60-65)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(15mg)。LC-MS:517[M+H]+。 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400Hz):δ1.84-1.99(m,2H),2.07(s,3H),2.89-2.96(m,2H),3.92(s,3H),4.21-4.32(m,2H),5.66-5.69(m,2H),5.74(br,1H),6.72(s,1H),7.29(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.28-7.30(m,2H),7.60-7.62(m,3H),7.69(s,1H),8.76(d,J=8.8Hz,1H)。
实例7E:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基)-
氨基]戊酸乙氧羰基氧基甲酯
在室温下向经搅拌的氯甲基乙基碳酸酯(0.2mL,1.1mmol)于DMF(1mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加(2R,4R)-4-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸(400mg,960μmol)于DMF(6mL)中的溶液。添加NaI(432mg,2.88mmol)和DIPEA(0.5mL,2.88mmol)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。添加水(50mL)并且用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取 混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×50mL)和水(2×50mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚∶EtOAc,15∶1~6∶1)纯化产物,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(190mg)。LC-MS:544[M+Na]+。
在0℃下将化合物1(190mg,360μmol)添加到HCl-二噁烷溶液(1.4mol/L,50mL)中,并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物2小时,接着在真空中浓缩。将残余物分散于EtOAc(10mL)中。通过过滤收集沉淀物,得到呈白色固体盐酸盐形式的化合物2(150mg)。LC-MS:422[M+H]+。
在室温下向经搅拌的化合物2(150mg,360μmol)于THF(20mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加3-甲氧基异噁唑-5-羰基氯(73mg,530μmol)于THF(2mL)中的溶液。逐滴添加DIPEA(0.2mL)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。添加水(50mL)并且用Et2O(3×40mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(2×50mL)和水(2×50mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,并且在真空中浓缩。通过制备型HPLC(CAN-H2O(0.1%TFA),60-70)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(25mg)。LC-MS:546.9[M+H]+。 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz):δ1.22(t,J=6.8Hz,3H),1.87-1.96(m,2H),2.83-2.89(m,2H),3.92(s,3H),4.16(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),4.18-4.20(m,2H),5.68-5.78(m,3H),6.72(s,1H),7.29(d,J=8.0Hz 2H),7.45-7.48(m,2H),7.60-7.62(m,3H),7.69(m,1H),8.76(d,J=8.8Hz,1H)。
实例8A:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸
将(2R,4R)-5-(4-溴苯基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸乙酯(30mg,70μmol)与5-氯-2-氟苯基硼酸(22mg,126μmol)、K2CO3(29.1mg,211μmol)、EtOH(0.8mL,10mmol)和水(0.2mL,10mmol)组合。最后添加斯里卡特(SilicaCat)DPP-Pd(0.28mmol/g负荷;25.1mg,7.0μmol)。在100℃下微波处理所得混合物10分钟。添加1M LiOH水溶液(281μL,281μmol),并且搅拌所得混合物1小时。过滤混合物,浓缩,并且通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(17mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C20H18ClFN4O5,计算值449.10;实验值449.2。
实例8B:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酯
在DMF(1.0mL,12.9mmol)中搅拌(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸2,2,3,3,3-五氟丙酯(32.1mg,68.3μmol)、1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-甲酸(10.6mg,82μmol)和HATU(39.0mg,102μmol)10分钟。逐滴添加DIPEA(35.7μL,205μmol)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物1小时。浓缩混合物,得到澄清黄色液体,使用制备型规模C18柱色谱法(小柱;含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(4.9mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C23H19ClF6N4O5,计算值581.09;实验值581。
实例8C:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯
在DMF(1.0mL,12.9mmol)中搅拌(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸5-甲基-2-氧代基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲酯(30.7mg,68.3μmol)、1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-甲酸(10.6mg,82μmol)和HATU(39.0mg,102μmol)10分钟。逐滴添加DIPEA(35.7μL,205μmol)并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物1小时。浓缩混合物,得到澄清黄色液体,使用制备型规模C18柱色谱法(小柱;含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(27.1mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C25H22ClFN4O8,计算值561.11;实验值561.1。
实例8D:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-{[1-(5-甲基-2-氧代
基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-4-基甲氧基)-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-羰基]氨基}戊酸
将4-氯甲基-5-甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-2-酮(11.0μL,100μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸(30.0mg,66.8μmol)于丙酮(0.5mL,6.8mmol)中的溶液中。添加Et3N(18.6μL,134μmol)并且在65℃下搅拌所得混合物2小时。在真空中浓缩混合物,得到黄色固体。通过制备型规模HPLC(C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化粗固体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(6.5mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C25H22ClFN4O8,计算值561.11;实验值561.1。
实例8E:(2R,4R)-4-[(1-丁酰氧基甲氧基-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-羰基)氨基]-5-(5-
氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
将丁酸氯甲酯(13.7mg,100μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸(30.0mg,66.8μmol)于丙酮(0.5mL,6.8mmol)中的溶液中。添加Et3N(18.6μL,134μmol)并且在65℃下搅拌所得混合物2小时。接着在真空中浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体。纯化(制备型规模C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)粗液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(6.0mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C25H26ClFN4O7,计算值549.15;实验值549.1。
实例8F:(2R,4R)-4-{[1-((S)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲氧基)-1H-[1,2,3]三
唑-4-羰基]-氨基}-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸
将(S)-2-叔丁氧羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(44.4mg,167μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸(30.0mg,66.8μmol)于丙酮(0.5mL,6.8mmol)中的溶液中。添加Et3N(18.6μL,134μmol)并且在65℃下搅拌所得混合物2小时。添加1∶1TFA/DCM(10mL,6.2mmol)并且在室温下搅拌混合物30分钟,接着在真空中浓缩,得到黄色液体。纯化(制备型规模C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)粗液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(10mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C26H29ClFN5O7,计算值578.17;实验值578.1。
实例8G:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-{[1-((S)-2-甲氧基羰
基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲氧基)-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-羰基]氨基}戊酸
将(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酸氯甲酯(37.4mg,167μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸(30.0mg,66.8μmol)于丙酮(0.5mL,6.8mmol)中的溶液中。添加Et3N(18.6μL,134μmol)并且在65℃下搅拌所得混合物2小时。接着在真空中浓缩混合物,得到黄色液体。纯化(制备型规模C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)粗液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(8.2mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C28H31ClFN5O9,计算值636.18;实验值636.1。
实例8H:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸丁酰氧基甲酯
将DIPEA(35.8μL,206μmol)添加到(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸丁酰氧基甲酯(30.0mg,68.5μmol)、1-羟基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酸(13.3mg,103μmol)和HATU(39.1mg,103μmol)于DMF(500μL,6.5mmol)中的溶液中。在室温下搅拌所得混合物30分钟,接着在真空中浓缩,得到澄清黄色液体。通过制备型规模HPLC(C18柱色谱法,小柱,使用含0.05%TFA的30-90%MeCN水溶液)纯化粗液体,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(9.0mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C25H26ClFN4O7,计算值549.15;实验值549.1。
实例8I:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸乙氧羰基氧基甲酯
向1-烯丙氧基-1H-[1,2,3]三唑-4-甲酸乙酯(1.7g,8.6mmol)于MeOH(20mL)中的溶液中添加LiOH(1.1g,45.3mmol)于水(4mL)中的溶液。在室温下搅拌混合物直到反应完成(1小时)。浓缩混合物,用水(10mL)稀释,并且用EtOAc(2×20mL)萃取。通过1N HCl将水层酸化到pH=3,用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取,并且用饱和NaCl水溶液(30mL)洗涤合并的有机层并经无水Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶液,得到呈白色固体状的化合物1(1.3g)。LC-MS:170[M+H]+。
在0℃下向(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(盐酸盐)(800mg,2.0mmol)和化合物1(337mg,2.0mmol)于DMF(15mL)中的溶液中添加PyBOP(1.0g,2.0mmol)和DIPEA(987μL,6.0mmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物4小时。添加水(50mL),用EtOAc(3×10mL)萃取混合物,并且用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤合并的有机层并经无水Na2SO4干燥。浓缩溶液,得到粗产物,通过硅胶色谱法(硅胶:200-300目;用PE∶EtOAc=10∶1到5∶1到1∶1洗脱)纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物2(700mg)。LC-MS:517[M+H]+。
在室温下向化合物2(700mg,1.4mmol)于MeOH(15mL)和水(3mL)中的溶液中添加LiOH(171mg,4.1mmol)。在室温下搅拌混合物过夜。浓缩混合物,添加水(20mL),并且用EtOAc(2×10mL)萃取混合物。通过1N HCl将水层酸化到pH=3,用EtOAc(3×10mL)萃取,并且用饱和NaCl水溶液(30mL)洗涤合并的有机层并经无水Na2SO4干燥。蒸发溶液,得到呈黄色固体状的化合物3(650mg)。LC-MS:489[M+H]+。
向化合物3(80mg,160μmol)与氯甲基乙基碳酸酯(1.0mL)的混合物中添加NaI(48mg,0.32mmol)和二甲基吡啶(52mg,480μmol)。在50℃下搅拌混合物6小时。接着使混合物冷却到室温,用水(15mL)稀释,并且用EtOAc(2×15mL)萃取。用饱和NaCl水溶液(20mL)洗涤合并的有机层,经无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,并且通过硅胶色谱法(硅胶:200-300目;用PE:EtOAc 4∶1到1∶1洗脱)纯化,得到呈淡黄色固体状的化合物4(60mg)。LC-MS:591[M+H]+。
向化合物4(40mg,68μmol)于MeCN(10mL)中的溶液中添加NaI(10mg,68μmol),并且在室温下搅拌混合物5分钟。向此搅拌的悬浮液中添加TMSCl(11mg,102μmol)并且再搅拌10分钟。由硫代硫酸钠淬灭反应物并且用EtOAc(2×10mL)萃取混合物。用饱和NaCl水溶液(20mL)洗涤合并的有机层并经无水Na2SO4干燥。通过制备型HPLC[大曹填料-C18,250×50mm,10μm;CAN-H2O(0.1%TFA)60%到90%]纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(8mg)。LC-MS:551[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400Hz):δ1.27(t,3H),2.06-2.11(m,1H),2.14-2.24(m,1H),2.96-3.01(m,2H),4.18(q,2H),4.42(m,1H),4.71(m,1H),5.57-5.65(m,2H),7.05(t,1H),7.22-7.24(m,2H), 7.35-7.40(m,4H),8.04(s,1H)。
实例8J:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸异丙氧羰基氧基甲酯
使用本文所述的程序制备标题化合物(110mg)。
实例8K:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸1-环己基氧基羰基氧基乙酯
使用本文所述的程序制备标题化合物(16.6mg)。
实例8L:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酰氧基甲酯
使用本文所述的程序制备标题化合物(117mg)。
实例8M:(2R,4R)-5-(5′-氯-2′-氟联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1-羟基-1H-[1,2,3]
三唑-4-羰基)氨基]戊酸乙酰氧基甲酯
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
实例9A:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-氧代基-1-苯基-4,5-二
氢-1H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸
将5-氧代基-1-苯基-4,5-二氢-1H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-甲酸(42.3mg,206μmol)和HCTU(128mg,310μmol)组合于DMF中,并且在室温下搅拌10分钟。添加DIPEA(72μL,413μmol)和(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(50mg,0.1mmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。将混合物与EtOH(402μL,6.9mmol)和1M LiOH水溶液(1.1mL,1.1mmol)组合。在室温下搅拌混合物1小时,在减压下蒸发,并且通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(1.8mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C26H23ClN4O5,计算值507.14;实验值507.2。
实例9B:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-氧代基-1-苯基-4,5-二
氢-1H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸乙氧羰基氧基甲酯
在50℃下搅拌(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-氧代基-1-苯基-4,5-二氢-1H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸(253mg,0.5mmol)、氯甲基乙基碳酸酯(69mg,0.5mmol)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(165mg,1.5mmol)和NaI(150mg,1mmol)于DMF(20mL)中的溶液15小时。用水(20mL)淬灭混合物并且用EtOAc(3×30mL)萃取。收集合并的有机层并且在真空中浓缩。通过柱色谱法(石油醚/EtOAc=3∶1)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体状的标题化合物(13mg)。LC-MS:608.8[M+H]+。1H NMR:(CDCl3,400MHz)δ1.27(t,J=8.0Hz,3H),2.03-2.33(m,2H),3.02-3.05(m,2H),4.18(q,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.49(br,1H),4.85(br,1H),5.57-5.76(m,2H),7.03(d,J=12Hz,1H),7.25-7.40(m,4H),7.42-7.51(m,3H),7.53-7.61(m,3H),7.93(d,J=8.0Hz,2H)。
实例9C:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(5-氧代基-1-苯基-4,5-二
氢-1H-[1,2,4]三唑-3-羰基)氨基]戊酸(S)-2-甲氧基羰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲酯
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
实例10A:(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-2-膦酰氧基甲基-2H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-5-联
苯-4-基-2-羟基戊酸乙酯
将(2R,4R)-4-氨基-5-联苯-4-基-2-羟基戊酸乙酯(盐酸盐;500mg,1mmol,1.0当量)、5-乙酰基-2H-吡唑-3-甲酸(330.4mg,2.1mmol,1.5当量)和HATU(820mg,2.1mmol,1.5当量)组合于DMF(5mL)中,并且搅拌所得混合物2分钟。添加DIPEA(750μL)并且搅拌混合物1小时。在真空下干燥混合物,并且使用逆相色谱法(10-70%MeCN/H2O;0.05%TFA,经70分钟)纯化产物,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的化合物1(300mg,纯度98%)。MS m/z[M+H]+C25H27N3O5,计算值450.20;实验值450.2。
向化合物1(15.0mg,33.4μmol)于DMF(103μL,1.3mmol)中的溶液中添加K2CO3(5.1mg,36.7μmol)和磷酸叔丁酯氯甲酯(9.50mg,36.7μmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜,接着在减压下蒸发。在EtOAc中稀释残余物并且添加1M HCl溶液以使pH值达4-5。用EtOAc萃取有机层两次,依序用水、饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过快速色谱法(含30-90%EtOAc的己烷)纯化残余物。依序添加DCM(64.2μL,1.0mmol)和TFA(40μL,0.6mmol),并且在室温下搅拌所得混合物20分钟。蒸发混合物并且通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到呈三氟乙酸盐形式的标题化合物(4mg)。MS m/z[M+H]+C26H30N3O9P,计算值560.17;实验值560.1。
实例10B:(2R,4R)-4-[(5-乙酰基-2H-吡唑-3-羰基)氨基]-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-甲
基丁酰氧基)-5-联苯-4-基-戊酸乙酯
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
实例10C:(2R,4R)-4-{[5-乙酰基-2-((S)-2-氨基-3-甲基丁酰氧基甲基)-2H-吡
唑-3-羰基]氨基}-5-联苯-4-基-2-羟基戊酸乙酯
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
实例11A:(2R,4R)-5-(3′-氯联苯-4-基)-2-羟基-4-[(1H-四唑-5-羰基)氨基]戊
酸乙氧羰基氧基甲酯
使用本文所述的程序,也可制备标题化合物。
分析
定量对人类和大鼠NEP和人类ACE的抑制剂效力(IC50)的体外分析
使用如下文所述的体外分析测定化合物对人类和大鼠脑啡肽酶(EC 3.4.24.11;NEP)和人类血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制活性。
从大鼠肾脏提取NEP活性
从成年史泊格多利(Sprague Dawley)大鼠的肾脏制备大鼠NEP。用冷的磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水(PBS)洗涤整个肾脏并且以每公克肾脏5mL缓冲液的比率在冰冷溶解缓冲液(1%曲拉通(Triton)X-114、150mM NaCl、50mM三(羟基甲基)氨基甲烷(Tris)pH 7.5;波迪尔(1981)生物化学杂志256:1604-1607(Bordier(1981)J.Biol.Chem.256:1604-1607))中培养。使用宝创(polytron)手持式组织研磨器在冰上使样品均质化。在3℃下于旋桶式转子中以1000×g将组织匀浆离心5分钟。使离心块再悬浮于20mL冰冷溶解缓冲液中并且在冰上培育30分钟。接着使样品(15-20mL)在25mL冰冷缓冲液(6%w/v蔗糖、50mM pH 7.5Tris、150mM NaCl、0.06%曲拉通X-114)上分层,加热到37℃后维持3-5分钟并且在室温下于旋桶式转子中以1000×g离心3分钟。吸出上两层,得到含有增浓膜部分的粘性油状沉淀物。添加甘油到50%的浓度并且将样品储存在-20℃下。使用BCA检测系统,以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)作为标准物定量蛋白质浓度。
酶抑制分析
重组人类NEP和重组人类ACE从商业购得(明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯的安迪生物科技公司(R&D Systems,Minneapolis,MN),目录号分别为1182-ZN和929-ZN)。在NEP和ACE分析中分别使用荧光肽底物Mca-D-Arg-Arg-Leu-Dap-(Dnp)-OH(梅代罗斯等人(1997)巴西医学与生物学研究杂志30:1157-62(Medeiros et al.(1997)Braz.J.Med.Biol.Res.30:1157-62);加利福尼亚州圣何塞的阿纳派克公司(Anaspec,San Jose,CA))和Abz-Phe-Arg-Lys(Dnp)-Pro-OH(阿劳约等人(2000)生物化学39:8519-8525(Araujo et al.(2000)Biochemistry 39:8519-8525);加利福尼亚州托兰斯的巴亨公司(Bachem,Torrance,CA))。
在37℃下,在384孔白色不透明培养板中,在分析缓冲液(NEP:50mM HEPES(pH7.5)、100mM NaCl、0.01%聚乙二醇脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯(吐温-20(Tween-20))、10μMZnSO4;ACE:50mM HEPES(pH 7.5)、100mM NaCl、0.01%吐温-20、1μM ZnSO4)中,使用10μM浓度的荧光肽底物进行分析。使用一定浓度的对应的酶,以使1μM底物在37℃下20分钟后发生定量蛋白水解。
在10μM到20pM的浓度范围内对测试化合物进行分析。将测试化合物添加到酶中并且在37℃下培育30分钟,随后通过添加底物来起始反应。在37℃下培育20分钟后通过添加冰乙酸到3.6%(v/v)的最终浓度来终止反应。
在荧光计上以分别设定为320nm和405nm的激发和发射波长读取培养板读数。 通过使用以下方程式(加利福尼亚州圣迭戈的格拉夫帕德软件公司(GraphPad Software,Inc.,San Diego,CA))对资料进行非线性回归而获得抑制常数:
v=v0/[1+(I/K′)]
其中v为反应速率,v0为未受抑制的反应速率,I为抑制剂浓度并且K′为表观抑制常数。
在此分析中测试式I′化合物(实例1A)并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值≥9.0,并且亦发现以下前药具有活性:
实例 | pKi |
1G | ≥9.0 |
1I | 7.0-7.9 |
1L | ≥9.0 |
1M | 8.0-8.9 |
未测试实例1B-F、1H、1J-K和1N-P的前药化合物,因为在此体外分析中将预期无活性;然而,基于活性形式的活性,预期前药具有体内NEP活性。
在此分析中测试式II′化合物(实例2A)并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值≥9.0。实例2B-I的前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因为在此分析中将预期不具有活性而未进行测试;然而,基于活性形式的活性,预期前药具有体内NEP活性。
在此分析中测试式III′化合物(实例3A)并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值≥9.0。实例3B-E的前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因为在此分析中将预期不具有活性而未进行测试;然而,基于活性形式的活性,预期前药具有体内NEP活性。
在此分析中测试本发明的以下化合物并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值如下。一般而言,前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因预期不具有活性而未测试(n.d.)前药。
实例 | pKi |
4A | n.d. |
4B | ≥9.0 |
5A | n.d. |
5B | ≥9.0 |
6A | ≥9.0 |
6B | n.d. |
6C | n.d. |
6D | n.d. |
6E | n.d. |
在此分析中测试式VII′化合物(实例7A)并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值≥9.0。实例7B-E的前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因为在此分析中将预期不具有活性而未进行测试;然而,基于活性形式的活性,预期前药具有体内NEP活性。
在此分析中测试式VIII′化合物(实例8A)并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值≥9.0。实例8B-L的前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因为在此分析中将预期不具有活性而未进行测试;然而,基于活性形式的活性,预期前药具有体内NEP活性。预期实例8I的前药化合物具有体内NEP活性。
在此分析中测试式IX′化合物(实例9A)并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值≥9.0。实例9B-C的前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因为在此分析中将预期不具有活性而未进行测试;然而,基于活性形式的活性,预期前药具有体内NEP活性。
在此分析中测试式X′化合物并且发现对人类NEP的pKi值≥9.0。实例10A的前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因为在此分析中将预期不具有活性而未进行测试;然而,基于活性形式的活性,预期此前药具有体内NEP活性。
实例11A的前药化合物在此体外分析中不抑制酶,或因为在此分析中将预期不具有活性而未进行测试;然而,预期此前药具有体内NEP活性。
尽管本发明已参考其特定方面或实施例加以描述,但所属领域的技术人员应了解,在不脱离本发明的真实精神和范围的情况下,可进行多种变化或可取代相等物。另外,在适用的专利法令和规章许可的程度上,本文所引用的所有公开案、专利和专利申请案都以全文引用的方式并入本文中,所述引用的程度就如同每个文献个别地以全文引用的方式并入本文中一般。
Claims (22)
1.一种式IV化合物:
R2为H且R7为H或-CH2CH3;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
2.一种式V化合物:
R2为H且R7为H或-CH2CH3;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
3.一种式I化合物:
其中:
R2为H,R4为-OH,并且R7选自H、-CH2CF3、-CH2CF2CF3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基和
或R2为H,R4选自-O-苯甲基、-OCHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基和-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基,并且R7为H;
其中Rc为H或-C1-3烷基;Rd为-CH(CH3)2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.一种式II化合物:
其中:
R2为H,R3为-OH,并且R7选自H、-CH2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-CH(CF3)CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2、苯甲基和
其中Rc为H或-C1-3烷基;Rd为H、-CH3或-CH(CH3)2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
5.根据权利要求4所述的化合物,其中R2为H,R3为-OH,并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CF2CF3、-CH(CH3)CF2CF3、-CH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、苯甲基和
6.一种式III化合物:
其中:
R2为H,R3为-OH,并且R7选自-CH2CH3、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基、苯甲基和
R2为H,R3为-OCH2OC(O)CHRd-NH2,并且R7为H;或
R2为-C(O)CHRd-NH2,R3为-OH,并且R7为H;
其中Rd为-CH(CH3)2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
7.一种式VI化合物:
其中:
R2为H,并且R7选自H、-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基和-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基;
其中Rc为H;Rd为-CH(CH3)2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
8.根据权利要求7所述的化合物,其中R2为H,并且R7选自H、-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH(CH3)2和-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3。
9.一种式VII化合物:
其中:
R为-CH3,R2为H,并且R7选自H、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基和-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基;
其中Rc为H;Rd为-CH(CH3)2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的化合物,其中R为-CH3,R2为H,并且R7选自-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH(CH3)2、-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3和-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3。
11.一种式VIIIa化合物:
其中:
R2为H,R4为-OH,并且R7选自H、-CHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基、-CHRcOC(O)O-环己基、-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基和
或R2为H,R4选自-OCHRcOC(O)-C1-4烷基、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和
并且R7为H;
其中Rc为H或CH3;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
12.根据权利要求11所述的化合物,其中R2为H,R4为-OH,并且R7选自H、-CH2CF2CF3、-CH2OC(O)CH3、-CH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3、-CH2OC(O)OCH(CH3)2、-CH(CH3)OC(O)O-环己基、-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和
或R2为H,R4选自-OCH2OC(O)(CH2)2CH3、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2、-OCH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]-NHC(O)OCH3和
并且R7为H。
13.一种式IX化合物:
其中:
R2为H并且R7选自H、-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基和-CH2OC(O)CHRd-NHC(O)O-C1-6烷基;
其中Rc为H;Rd为-CH(CH3)2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
14.一种式Xa化合物:
其中:
R2为H,R4为-CH2OP(O)(ORe)2或-CH2OC(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,并且R7为-CH2CH3;或R2为-C(O)CH[CH(CH3)2]NH2,R4为H,并且R7为-CH2CH3;
其中Re为H;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
15.一种式XIa或XIb化合物:
其中:
R2和R4为H,R7为-CHRcOC(O)O-C2-4烷基;
其中Rc为H;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
16.根据权利要求15所述的化合物,其中R2和R4为H,并且R7为-CH2OC(O)OCH2CH3。
17.一种用于制备根据权利要求1到15中任一权利要求所述的化合物的方法,其包含以下步骤:
(a)在酯基转移反应中使下式化合物:
与式HO-R7的化合物反应;或
(b)在亲核取代反应中使下式化合物:
与式L-R7的化合物反应,其中L为离去基团;或
(c)在亲核取代反应中使下式化合物:
与式L-R2的化合物反应,其中L为离去基团;或
(d)在偶合反应中使下式化合物:
与式HOOC-X的化合物反应,其中P为H或氨基保护基;
产生式XII化合物。
18.一种医药组合物,其包含药学上可接受的载剂和根据权利要求1到15中任一权利要求所述的化合物。
19.根据权利要求18所述的医药组合物,其进一步包含选自以下的治疗剂:腺苷受体拮抗剂、α-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、β1-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、β2-肾上腺素能受体促效剂、双重作用的β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂/α1-受体拮抗剂、晚期糖化终产物裂解剂、醛固酮拮抗剂、醛固酮合成酶抑制剂、氨基肽酶N抑制剂、雄激素、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂和双重作用的血管紧张素转化酶/脑啡肽酶抑制剂、血管紧张素转化酶2活化剂和刺激剂、血管紧张素II疫苗、抗凝血剂、抗糖尿病剂、止泻剂、抗青光眼剂、抗脂质剂、镇痛剂、抗血栓剂、AT1受体拮抗剂和双重作用的AT1受体拮抗剂/脑啡肽酶抑制剂和多功能血管紧张素受体阻断剂、缓激肽受体拮抗剂、钙通道阻断剂、凝乳酶抑制剂、地高辛、利尿剂、多巴胺促效剂、内皮素转化酶抑制剂、内皮素受体拮抗剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、雌激素、雌激素受体促效剂和/或拮抗剂、单胺再吸收抑制剂、肌肉松弛剂、利尿钠肽、利尿钠肽受体-A促效剂、利尿钠肽清除受体拮抗剂、脑啡肽酶抑制剂、氧化氮供体、非类固醇消炎剂、N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体拮抗剂、类鸦片受体促效剂、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、前列腺素、前列腺素受体促效剂、肾素抑制剂、选择性血清素再吸收抑制剂、钠通道阻断剂、可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂和活化剂、三环抗抑郁剂、升压素受体拮抗剂和其组合。
20.根据权利要求19所述的医药组合物,其中所述治疗剂为AT1受体拮抗剂。
21.一种根据权利要求1到15中任一权利要求所述的化合物的用途,其用于制造用以治疗高血压、心脏衰竭或肾病的药物。
22.一种化合物,其具有下式:
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