CN104322407B - Xenocypris davidi fry propagation method - Google Patents
Xenocypris davidi fry propagation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法，包含以下步骤：1）后备亲鱼的选择及培育；2）亲鱼的选择及培育；3）人工调控受精卵孵化；4）鱼苗培育。本发明方法设计合理，可操作性强，亲鱼和鱼苗培育过程中，以水生植物为主要原料，资源丰富，饲养成本低，通过在亲鱼培育过程中投喂亲鱼配合饲料，可预防亲鱼鱼体中潜在的病害，增强亲鱼鱼体的免疫功能，促使亲鱼性腺发育成熟，使之自然产卵，增加亲鱼产卵量，提高繁殖能力，同时提高卵粒和精液的质量；通过在幼鱼阶段投喂幼鱼专用饲料，可有效提高提高了黄尾密鲴幼鱼的存活率和成鱼的体重，降低饲料系数、提高饲料转化率。The invention relates to a method for multiplying yellow-tailed pomfret seedlings, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting and cultivating reserve broodstock; 2) selecting and cultivating broodstock; 3) artificially regulating the hatching of fertilized eggs; 4) cultivating fry. The method of the invention is reasonable in design and strong in operability. In the breeding process of broodstock and fish fry, aquatic plants are used as the main raw material, the resources are abundant, and the feeding cost is low. By feeding the broodstock compound feed during the broodstock cultivation process, it can prevent broodstock fish body Potential diseases, enhance the immune function of brood fish, promote the maturation of gonads of brood fish, make them spawn naturally, increase the amount of eggs laid by brood fish, improve the reproductive ability, and improve the quality of eggs and semen at the same time; The special feed for juvenile fish can effectively improve the survival rate of juvenile yellow-tailed pomfret and the weight of adult fish, reduce the feed coefficient and improve the feed conversion rate.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于海水养殖技术领域，具体涉及黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法。 The invention belongs to the technical field of mariculture, and in particular relates to a method for multiplying yellow-tailed pomfret seedlings.
背景技术 Background technique
黄尾密鲴俗称黄尾、黄片、黄姑子、黄瓜鱼等，隶属于鲤科、鲴亚科、鲴属，是一种中小型淡水鱼类，主要分布于长江、珠江、闽江及闽东南各溪流，具有食性杂、生长快、适应能力强、易捕捞等特点，从20世纪50年代开始移入池塘驯养，至20世纪60年代初人工繁殖获得成功，但其体质嫩弱、性情急躁，人工繁殖难度较大，未能形成批量的苗种生产。近年来，随着黄尾密鲴野生资源的锐减，导致市场供不应求，促进了人工养殖的发展，在人工养殖过程中，幼鱼机体抵抗能力及抗应激能力较差，鱼苗成活率低，是限制人工养殖的一大难题，导致黄尾密鲴鱼苗严重缺乏，研究开发规模的黄尾密鲴人工扩繁非常有必要。 The yellow-tailed pomfret, commonly known as yellow tail, yellow piece, yellow aunt, cucumber fish, etc., belongs to Cyprinidae, Pomoidinae, and Pomfret genus. It is a small and medium-sized freshwater fish, mainly distributed in the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Minjiang River and southeastern Fujian. The streams have the characteristics of miscellaneous food habits, fast growth, strong adaptability, and easy fishing. They were moved into ponds for domestication in the 1950s, and artificial breeding was successful in the early 1960s. It is difficult to reproduce, and it has not been able to form a batch of seed production. In recent years, with the sharp decline of wild resources of the yellow-tailed pomfret, the market has been in short supply, which has promoted the development of artificial breeding. In the process of artificial breeding, the body resistance and stress resistance of juvenile fish are poor, and the survival rate of fry is low. It is a major problem restricting artificial breeding, resulting in a serious shortage of yellow-tailed pomfret fry, and it is very necessary to research and develop artificial propagation of yellow-tailed pomfret.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明目的在于在提供一种黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法。 Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for multiplying the seedlings of the yellow-tailed pomfret.
本发明通过以下技术方案加以实现： The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
所述的一种黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法，其特征在于包含以下步骤： Described a kind of yellow-tailed pomfret seed propagation method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1）后备亲鱼的选择及培育 1) Selection and cultivation of backup broodstock
冬季捕获季节，从自然水域捕获的鱼体中挑选体质健壮、体表无损伤、鳞片完整者作为后备亲鱼，雌雄鱼体重均在350-600g/尾，雌雄后备亲鱼按1:1的比例搭配；挑选好的后备亲鱼经消毒后放入亲鱼池中进行专池培育，后备亲鱼的放养量为每亩放养180-220kg,亲鱼池水温在14℃以上开始投喂颗粒饲料，3月开始，每亩亲鱼池施放发酵粪肥40-45公斤，池水透明度保持在25-30cm，每天每尾投喂豆浆、麸皮8-10g，每周冲换水一次，刺激性腺发育，定期检查性腺发育情况； In the winter fishing season, select the fish caught in natural waters with strong physique, no damage on the body surface, and complete scales as the backup broodstock. The weight of both male and female fish is 350-600g/tail, and the ratio of male and female backup broodstock is 1:1; The selected backup broodstock are sterilized and placed in the broodstock pond for special pond cultivation. The stocking amount of the backup broodstock is 180-220kg per mu, and the water temperature in the broodstock pond is above 14°C. Put 40-45 kg of fermented manure in the broodstock pond, keep the water transparency at 25-30cm, feed each fish with 8-10g of soybean milk and bran every day, and change the water once a week to stimulate the development of gonads, and check the development of gonads regularly;
2）亲鱼的选择及培育 2) Selection and cultivation of broodstock
从亲鱼池中挑选腹部圆满、卵巢轮廓明显、下腹部柔软的雌鱼及体表和鳍条上有明显粗糙感的雄鱼作为亲鱼，暂养在室内培育池中，雌雄亲鱼按照2:1的比例搭配，对亲鱼进行产前营养强化和环境调控，促使其自然产卵，获取受精卵； Select female fish with round belly, clear outline of ovaries, and soft lower abdomen and male fish with obvious roughness on body surface and fin rays from the broodstock pond as broodstock, and temporarily raise them in indoor breeding ponds. Proportion matching, prenatal nutritional enhancement and environmental regulation for broodstock, to promote natural spawning and obtain fertilized eggs;
所述产前营养强化，是指投喂亲鱼配合饲料，每日投喂两次，日投喂量为亲鱼体重的3.5-4%，所述环境调控是指培育池水温保持在20-25℃，同时进行持续冲水，培育池底铺设网片； The prenatal nutritional enhancement refers to feeding the broodstock compound feed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 3.5-4% of the broodstock body weight, and the environmental regulation refers to maintaining the water temperature in the breeding pond at 20-25°C , at the same time continue flushing, and lay mesh on the bottom of the cultivation pool;
3）人工调控受精卵孵化 3) Manual regulation of fertilized egg hatching
亲鱼产卵完毕，及时将带有受精卵的网片置于孵化池水体的中上层，孵化池水温为23-24℃，孵化池水质清新，池内保持持续冲水，冲水量在出膜前后由大渐小； After the spawning of the broodstock is completed, the mesh with the fertilized eggs is placed in the middle and upper layers of the water body of the hatching pool in time. The water temperature of the hatching pool is 23-24 ° C, the water quality of the hatching pool is fresh, and the pool is kept flushing continuously. big gradually small;
4）鱼苗培育 4) Fry cultivation
鱼苗卵黄囊消失，腰点形成能平游时，转移至鱼苗塘进行培育，鱼苗塘水温与孵化池水温的温差不超过2℃，放养密度为15万尾/亩～20万尾/亩，鱼苗塘条件为：池底平整，鱼苗放养前7-10天用生石灰干法清塘，清野除害，再用80目筛绢过滤进水，池水水深保持在0.5-0.6m，鱼苗下塘前1-2天，用浸泡过的黄豆磨成浆全池泼洒，鱼苗下塘后，每日泼洒豆浆2-3次，泼洒量为每次10kg/hm2，待鱼苗长至3cm以上时，开始投喂幼鱼专用饲料及鱼粉饲料，两者比例为4:1，投喂量为鱼体总重的2.5-3.5%。 When the yolk sac of the fry disappears and the waist point forms and can swim horizontally, they are transferred to the fry pond for cultivation. The temperature difference between the water temperature of the fry pond and the hatching pond does not exceed 2°C, and the stocking density is 150,000 to 200,000 fish/mu. The pond conditions are: the bottom of the pond is flat, the pond is cleared with quicklime dry method 7-10 days before the fish fry are stocked, the field is cleared and the pests are removed, and the water is filtered with 80-mesh sieve silk. -2 days, use the soaked soybeans to make slurry and sprinkle the whole pond. After the fish fry are in the pond, sprinkle soybean milk 2-3 times a day. Feed juvenile fish special feed and fishmeal feed, the ratio of the two is 4:1, and the feeding amount is 2.5-3.5% of the total weight of the fish.
所述的黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法，其特征在于步骤2）中所述的亲鱼配合饲料由以下重量份数的组分组成：菹草40-70份、蒲草40-70份、地榆10-20份、板蓝根10-15份、大黄5-10份、花生粕15-25份、大豆粕10-20份、红霉素1-2份、鸡蛋壳粉1-3份、食盐1-2份。 The method for multiplying yellow-tailed pomfret seedlings is characterized in that the compound feed for broodstock described in step 2) consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-70 parts of Smilax, 40-70 parts of Catharsis, 10-20 parts of elm, 10-15 parts of Radix Radix, 5-10 parts of rhubarb, 15-25 parts of peanut meal, 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of erythromycin, 1-3 parts of egg shell powder, 1 part of table salt -2 servings.
所述的黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法，其特征在于所述亲鱼配合饲料由以下重量份数的组分组成：菹草55份、蒲草55份、地榆15份、板蓝根13份、大黄8份、花生粕20份、大豆粕20份、红霉素2份、鸡蛋壳粉3份、食盐2份。 The method for multiplying the yellow-tailed pomfret seedlings is characterized in that the compound feed for broodstock consists of the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of Pomfret, 55 parts of cattail, 15 parts of Burnet, 13 parts of Radix Radix, rhubarb 8 parts, 20 parts of peanut meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of erythromycin, 3 parts of egg shell powder, and 2 parts of table salt.
所述的黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法，其特征在于步骤4）中幼鱼专用饲料由以下重量份数的组分组成：水花生50-70份、水葫芦50-70份、花生饼30-40份、菜籽饼30-40份、山楂10-15份、马齿苋10-15份、两面针2-6份、蛇床子2-6份、薄荷3-7份、麻黄3-7份、鱼腥草提取液1-3份、蒲公英提取液1-3份、黄粉虫粉1-2份。 The method for multiplying yellow-tailed pomfret seedlings is characterized in that in step 4) the special feed for juvenile fish consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of water peanuts, 50-70 parts of water hyacinth, peanut cake 30-40 parts, 30-40 parts of rapeseed cake, 10-15 parts of hawthorn, 10-15 parts of purslane, 2-6 parts of liangmianzhen, 2-6 parts of cnidium, 3-7 parts of mint, 3- 7 parts, 1-3 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract, 1-3 parts of dandelion extract, 1-2 parts of Tenebrio molitor powder.
所述的黄尾密鲴苗种扩繁方法，其特征在于所述的幼鱼专用饲料由以下重量份数的组分组成：水花生60份、水葫芦55份、花生饼35份、菜籽饼37份、山楂14份、马齿苋12份、两面针4份、蛇床子4份、薄荷5份、麻黄5份、鱼腥草提取液2份、蒲公英提取液3份、黄粉虫粉2份。 The method for multiplying yellow-tailed pomfret seedlings is characterized in that the special feed for juvenile fish consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of water peanuts, 55 parts of water hyacinth, 35 parts of peanut cakes, rapeseed 37 parts of cake, 14 parts of hawthorn, 12 parts of purslane, 4 parts of double-faced needle, 4 parts of cnidium, 5 parts of mint, 5 parts of ephedra, 2 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract, 3 parts of dandelion extract, 2 parts of Tenebrio molitor powder share.
本发明方法设计合理，可操作性强，亲鱼和鱼苗培育过程中，以水生植物为主要原料，资源丰富，饲养成本低，通过在亲鱼培育过程中投喂亲鱼配合饲料，可预防亲鱼鱼体中潜在的病害，增强亲鱼鱼体的免疫功能，促使亲鱼性腺发育成熟，使之自然产卵，增加亲鱼产卵量，提高繁殖能力，同时提高卵粒和精液的质量；通过在幼鱼阶段投喂幼鱼专用饲料，可有效提高提高了黄尾密鲴幼鱼的存活率和成鱼的体重，降低饲料系数、提高饲料转化率。 The method of the invention is reasonable in design and strong in operability. In the breeding process of broodstock and fish fry, aquatic plants are used as the main raw material, the resources are abundant, and the feeding cost is low. By feeding the broodstock compound feed during the broodstock cultivation process, it can prevent broodstock fish body Potential diseases, enhance the immune function of brood fish, promote the maturation of gonads of brood fish, make them spawn naturally, increase the amount of eggs laid by brood fish, improve the reproductive ability, and improve the quality of eggs and semen at the same time; The special feed for juvenile fish can effectively improve the survival rate of juvenile yellow-tailed pomfret and the weight of adult fish, reduce the feed coefficient and improve the feed conversion rate.
具体实施方式 detailed description
通过以下具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述。 The present invention is described in further detail by the following specific examples.
实施例 Example
后备亲鱼的选择及培育：冬季捕获季节，从自然水域捕获的鱼体中挑选体质健壮、体表无损伤、鳞片完整者作为后备亲鱼，雌雄鱼体重均在350-600g/尾，雌雄后备亲鱼按1:1的比例搭配；挑选好的后备亲鱼经消毒后放入亲鱼池中进行专池培育，后备亲鱼的放养量为每亩放养180-220kg,亲鱼池水温在14℃以上开始投喂颗粒饲料，3月开始，每亩亲鱼池施放发酵粪肥40-45公斤，池水透明度保持在25-30cm，每天每尾投喂豆浆、麸皮8-10g，每周冲换水一次，刺激性腺发育，定期检查性腺发育情况。 Selection and cultivation of backup broodstock: During the winter fishing season, select those with healthy physique, no damage to the body surface and complete scales from the fish caught in natural waters as backup broodstock. The weight of both male and female fish is 350-600g/tail. The ratio of 1:1 is matched; the selected backup broodstock is disinfected and put into the broodstock pond for special pond cultivation. The stocking amount of the backup broodstock is 180-220kg per mu, and the water temperature in the broodstock pond is above 14°C, and pellet feed is fed. , starting in March, 40-45 kg of fermented manure was applied to each broodstock pond, and the transparency of the pond water was kept at 25-30cm. Each fish was fed with 8-10g of soybean milk and bran every day, and the water was changed once a week to stimulate the development of gonads. Check gonadal development.
亲鱼的选择及培育：从亲鱼池中挑选腹部圆满、卵巢轮廓明显、下腹部柔软的雌鱼及体表和鳍条上有明显粗糙感的雄鱼作为亲鱼，暂养在室内培育池中，雌雄亲鱼按照2:1的比例搭配，对亲鱼进行产前营养强化和环境调控，促使其自然产卵，获取受精卵； Selection and cultivation of broodstock: Select female fish with round belly, clear outline of ovaries, and soft lower abdomen and male fish with obvious roughness on the body surface and fin rays from the broodstock pond as broodstock, and temporarily raise them in the indoor breeding pond. The broodstock is matched according to the ratio of 2:1, and the prenatal nutrition and environmental regulation are carried out for the broodstock, so as to promote their natural spawning and obtain fertilized eggs;
产前营养强化，是指投喂亲鱼配合饲料，每日投喂两次，日投喂量为亲鱼体重的3.5-4%，环境调控是指培育池水温保持在20-25℃，同时进行持续冲水，培育池底铺设网片； Prenatal nutritional enhancement refers to feeding the broodstock compound feed twice a day, and the daily feeding amount is 3.5-4% of the broodstock body weight. Flushing water, laying mesh on the bottom of the cultivation pool;
亲鱼配合饲料由以下重量份数的组分组成：菹草40-70份、蒲草40-70份、地榆10-20份、板蓝根10-15份、大黄5-10份、花生粕15-25份、大豆粕10-20份、红霉素1-2份、鸡蛋壳粉1-3份、食盐1-2份；其最优配方为：菹草55份、蒲草55份、地榆15份、板蓝根13份、大黄8份、花生粕20份、大豆粕20份、红霉素2份、鸡蛋壳粉3份、食盐2份； The compound feed for broodstock is composed of the following components by weight: 40-70 parts of sage grass, 40-70 parts of cattail grass, 10-20 parts of Burnet, 10-15 parts of Radix Radix, 5-10 parts of rhubarb, 15-25 parts of peanut meal 10-20 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of erythromycin, 1-3 parts of egg shell powder, 1-2 parts of table salt; the optimal formula is: 55 parts of weed grass, 55 parts of cattail grass, 15 parts of Burnet , 13 parts of isatidis, 8 parts of rhubarb, 20 parts of peanut meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of erythromycin, 3 parts of egg shell powder, and 2 parts of table salt;
亲鱼配合饲料的制备方法为：1）分别取配方量的菹草、蒲草、地榆、板蓝根、大黄的新鲜茎叶，洗净后混合打浆，得混合浆液，待用；2）取配方量的花生粕和大豆粕，与混合浆液搅拌混合均匀，得含水量为70%，PH值为6，混合料的厚度为33cm的混合料；3）往混合料中接种黑曲霉菌种和绿色木霉菌种，接种量为5%，其中黑曲霉菌种的接种量与绿色木莓菌种的接种量为1:1，接种完成后于33℃的温度条件下发酵35小时，得一次发酵料；4）将乳酸菌和酵母菌按1:1的比例构成的复合菌种液接种于一次发酵料中，接种量为5%，在常温条件下厌氧发酵，发酵时间为6天，得二次发酵料；5）将二次发酵料与配方量的红霉素、鸡蛋壳粉、食盐混合均匀后，于50℃的温度条件下烘干40分钟、膨化、造粒，得亲鱼配合饲料。 The preparation method of the broodstock compound feed is as follows: 1) take the fresh stems and leaves of sage grass, cattail grass, burnet, isatis root and rhubarb respectively in the formula, wash them, mix them and beat them to obtain a mixed slurry, and wait for use; 2) take the formula quantity of Stir the peanut meal and soybean meal with the mixed slurry evenly to obtain a mixture with a water content of 70%, a pH value of 6, and a mixture thickness of 33 cm; 3) inoculate the mixture with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride species, the inoculum amount is 5%, wherein the inoculum amount of the Aspergillus niger strain and the inoculum amount of the green raspberry strain are 1:1, and after the inoculation is completed, ferment for 35 hours under the temperature condition of 33° C. to obtain a fermented material; 4 ) Inoculate the composite strain liquid composed of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in the ratio of 1:1 in the primary fermentation material, the inoculation amount is 5%, anaerobic fermentation under normal temperature conditions, the fermentation time is 6 days, and the secondary fermentation material is obtained ; 5) Mix the secondary fermentation material with the formulated amount of erythromycin, egg shell powder, and salt evenly, dry at 50° C. for 40 minutes, puff and granulate to obtain the compound feed for broodstock.
人工调控受精卵孵化：亲鱼产卵完毕，及时将带有受精卵的网片置于孵化池水体的中上层，孵化池水温为23-24℃，孵化池水质清新，池内保持持续冲水，冲水量在出膜前后由大渐小。 Manual regulation of hatching of fertilized eggs: After broodstock spawning, place the mesh with fertilized eggs in the middle and upper layers of the water body of the hatching pool in time. The amount of water decreases from large to small before and after film exit.
鱼苗培育：鱼苗卵黄囊消失，腰点形成能平游时，转移至鱼苗塘进行培育，鱼苗塘水温与孵化池水温的温差不超过2℃，放养密度为15万尾/亩～20万尾/亩，鱼苗塘条件为：池底平整，鱼苗放养前7-10天用生石灰干法清塘，清野除害，再用80目筛绢过滤进水，池水水深保持在0.5-0.6m，鱼苗下塘前1-2天，用浸泡过的黄豆磨成浆全池泼洒，鱼苗下塘后，每日泼洒豆浆2-3次，泼洒量为每次10kg/hm2，待鱼苗长至3cm以上时，开始投喂幼鱼专用饲料及鱼粉饲料，两者比例为4:1，投喂量为鱼体总重的2.5-3.5%； Fry cultivation: When the yolk sac of the fry disappears and the waist point forms and can swim horizontally, they are transferred to the fry pond for cultivation. The temperature difference between the water temperature of the fry pond and the hatching pond does not exceed 2°C, and the stocking density is 150,000 to 200,000 fish/mu mu, fish fry pond conditions are: the bottom of the pond is flat, the pond is cleared with quicklime dry method 7-10 days before the fry are stocked, the field is cleared and the pests are removed, and the water is filtered with 80-mesh sieve silk. 1-2 days before the pond, sprinkle the whole pond with soaked soybeans and grind it into slurry. After the fish fry are in the pond, sprinkle soybean milk 2-3 times a day, the amount of spraying is 10kg/hm 2 each time, and when the fry grow to more than 3cm , Start feeding juvenile fish special feed and fishmeal feed, the ratio of the two is 4:1, and the feeding amount is 2.5-3.5% of the total weight of the fish;
幼鱼专用饲料由以下重量份数的组分组成：水花生50-70份、水葫芦50-70份、花生饼30-40份、菜籽饼30-40份、山楂10-15份、马齿苋10-15份、两面针2-6份、蛇床子2-6份、薄荷3-7份、麻黄3-7份、鱼腥草提取液1-3份、蒲公英提取液1-3份、黄粉虫粉1-2份。其最优配方为：水花生60份、水葫芦55份、花生饼35份、菜籽饼37份、山楂14份、马齿苋12份、两面针4份、蛇床子4份、薄荷5份、麻黄5份、鱼腥草提取液2份、蒲公英提取液3份、黄粉虫粉2份； The special feed for juvenile fish is composed of the following components by weight: 50-70 parts of water peanut, 50-70 parts of water hyacinth, 30-40 parts of peanut cake, 30-40 parts of rapeseed cake, 10-15 parts of hawthorn, horse 10-15 parts of purslane, 2-6 parts of lianmianzhen, 2-6 parts of cnidium, 3-7 parts of mint, 3-7 parts of ephedra, 1-3 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract, 1-3 parts of dandelion extract , Tenebrio molitor powder 1-2 parts. The optimal formula is: 60 parts of water peanut, 55 parts of water hyacinth, 35 parts of peanut cake, 37 parts of rapeseed cake, 14 parts of hawthorn, 12 parts of purslane, 4 parts of liangmianzhen, 4 parts of cnidium, 5 parts of mint , 5 parts of ephedra, 2 parts of Houttuynia cordata extract, 3 parts of dandelion extract, 2 parts of Tenebrio molitor powder;
幼鱼专用饲料的制备方法为：1）分别取配方量的水花生全草、水葫芦全草、马齿苋茎叶、两面针茎叶、蛇床子茎叶、薄荷全草、麻黄茎秆、山楂果洗净后混合打浆，得混合浆液，待用；2）取配方量的花生饼和菜籽饼，与混合浆液搅拌混合均匀，得含水量在55%，PH值为6，厚度为33cm的混合料；3）向混合料中接种黑曲霉菌种，接种量为6%，接种完成后于33℃的温度条件下发酵35小时，得一次发酵料；4）将乳酸菌和酵母菌按照1:1的比例混合构成复合菌种液，复合菌种液接种于一次发酵料中，接种量为5%，在常温条件下厌氧发酵，发酵时间为6天，得二次发酵料；5）取配方量的蒲公英全草置于60℃烘箱中烘干，粉碎，过60目筛，用75%乙醇加热回流提取1-5h，提取液浓缩至乙醇挥发完，得蒲公英提取液，待用；6）取配方量的鱼腥草全草，研磨后，按料液比1:25（g/ml）加入80%的乙醇溶液，于80℃水浴锅中回流浸提5-6小时，浸提液浓缩至乙醇挥发完，得鱼腥草浸提液；7）将二次发酵料与鱼腥草提取液、蒲公英提取液、黄粉虫粉混合均匀后，于50℃的温度条件下烘干40分钟、膨化、造粒，得幼鱼专用饲料。 The preparation method of the special feed for juvenile fish is as follows: 1) Take the whole water peanut herb, the whole water hyacinth herb, the stems and leaves of purslane, the stems and leaves of Lima oleracea, the stems and leaves of Cnidium chinensis, the whole herb of mint, the stems of ephedra, Wash the hawthorn fruit, mix and beat to obtain a mixed slurry for use; 2) Take the peanut cake and rapeseed cake of the formula, stir and mix with the mixed slurry to obtain a water content of 55%, a pH value of 6, and a thickness of 33cm 3) Inoculate Aspergillus niger species into the mixture, the inoculum amount is 6%, and after the inoculation is completed, ferment at 33°C for 35 hours to obtain a primary fermentation material; 4) Inoculate lactic acid bacteria and yeast according to 1 : 1 ratio to form a compound strain liquid, the compound strain liquid is inoculated in the primary fermentation material, the inoculation amount is 5%, anaerobic fermentation is carried out under normal temperature conditions, the fermentation time is 6 days, and the secondary fermentation material is obtained; 5) Take the whole herb of dandelion according to the formula, dry it in an oven at 60°C, crush it, pass through a 60-mesh sieve, heat and reflux with 75% ethanol for extraction for 1-5 hours, and concentrate the extract until the ethanol evaporates completely to obtain a dandelion extract, which is ready for use; 6) Take the whole herb of Houttuynia cordata in the formula amount, after grinding, add 80% ethanol solution according to the ratio of material to liquid 1:25 (g/ml), reflux extraction in 80°C water bath for 5-6 hours, and extract 7) Mix the secondary fermentation material with Houttuynia cordata extract, dandelion extract and Tenebrio molitor powder, and then dry it at 50°C for 40 Minutes, extruded, pelletized, special feed for juvenile fish.
2013年采用此发明的具体方法及饲料对雌性黄尾密鲴3000条，雄性黄尾密鲴3000条后备亲鱼进行培育，最终挑选磁性黄尾密鲴2000条，雄性黄尾密鲴1000条进行亲鱼培育、交配、繁殖试验，最后受精卵达到98%以上，孵化率达到95%以上，鱼苗存活率达到95%以上，鱼苗经半年饲喂，其鱼体明显增重，饲料系数低。 In 2013, using the specific method and feed of this invention, 3,000 female yellow-tailed pomfrets and 3,000 male yellow-tailed pomfrets were cultivated as backup broodstock, and finally 2,000 magnetic yellow-tailed pomfrets and 1,000 male yellow-tailed pomfrets were selected for parenting Cultivation, mating, and breeding tests. Finally, the fertilized eggs reached more than 98%, the hatching rate reached more than 95%, and the fry survival rate reached more than 95%. After half a year of feeding, the fish body weight increased significantly and the feed coefficient was low.
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