CN104321418A - 浓缩脂肪酰基酰氨基表面活性剂组合物 - Google Patents

浓缩脂肪酰基酰氨基表面活性剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN104321418A
CN104321418A CN201280035208.6A CN201280035208A CN104321418A CN 104321418 A CN104321418 A CN 104321418A CN 201280035208 A CN201280035208 A CN 201280035208A CN 104321418 A CN104321418 A CN 104321418A
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enriched material
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K.D.赫尔曼森
B.哈里恰安
M.S.韦塔姆图
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Abstract

提供表面活性剂浓缩物，其包括(i)35%至90重量%的结构(I)的C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂 (I)其中R是C7-C22饱和或不饱和烃基；R2是氢、CH2COOX或C1-C5烷基；R3是氢；R4选自(CH2)mCO2X、(CH2)mSO3X、CH2NR2(CH2)mOH和葡糖基；R5选自氢、羟基苯基、C1-C6羟基烷基、C1-C10烷基、苄基、羟基苄基、烷基脲基、硫烷基和羧基；X选自氢、金属离子、胺盐和C1-C4烷基；且m为0至6；和(ii)10至60重量%多元醇；和(iii)1至20重量%C-8-C22-脂肪酸；且其中该浓缩物具有9至13的pH。

Description

浓缩脂肪酰基酰氨基表面活性剂组合物
发明背景。
发明领域
本发明涉及用高含量脂肪酰基酰氨基表面活性剂配制的浓缩组合物，特别但不仅仅用于皮肤清洁产品。
相关技术
与运输相关的高能源成本已迫使重新设计许多消费品。例如，液体洗衣清洁剂传统上含有多达80%水并包装在相对较大的塑料容器中。近年来，市场对浓缩洗衣液作出好的回应。‘all’牌洗衣液的Small and Mighty?形式提供与传统的完整体积（full size）相同的清洁量但含有明显更少的水并装在小得多的容器中。
通过消除不必要的水，可以缩减与消费类液体产品类似的工业化学品。实例是制造商以水中的25%表面活性剂活性物形式运输的市售表面活性剂，如椰油酰甘氨酸钠。水的运输浪费运输能源。
我们一直在研究浓缩表面活性剂清洁组合物。对提供脂肪酰基酰氨基表面活性剂，如椰油酰甘氨酸钠的更方便方式特别有兴趣。已经作为本发明的一部分开发了浓缩物，其中多元醇代替水作为表面活性剂的载体。我们遇到的问题之一是该浓缩物是糊状材料。通过加工设备加工该糊和此后输送至远处都困难。使该浓缩物呈固体并有利地将其研磨成颗粒或碎片形式是非常有用的。
发明概述
提供C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂的固体浓缩物，其包括：
(i) 35至90重量%的具有结构(I)的C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂：
       (I)
其中R是C7-C22饱和或不饱和烃基；R2是氢、CH2COOX或C1-C5烷基；R3是氢；R4选自(CH2)mCO2X, (CH2)mSO3X、CH2NR2(CH2)mOH和葡糖基；R5选自氢、羟基苯基、C1-C6羟基烷基、C1-C10烷基、苄基、羟基苄基、烷基脲基、硫代烷基和羧基；X选自氢、金属离子、胺盐和C1-C4烷基；且m为0至6；和
(ii) 10至60重量%多元醇；和
(iii) 1至20重量% C-8-C22-脂肪酸；且
其中该浓缩物具有9至13的pH。
发明详述
现在我们已经发现，与多元醇和少量C8-C22脂肪酸结合的C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂的浓缩物可以制成固体形式。通过将该浓缩物的pH调节至位于9至13，优选10.5至13，最好11至12.8之间，实现固化。通过将10%该浓缩物溶解在蒸馏水中，测量pH值。
术语“固体”意在表示表现出8至250，优选10至200，更优选15至175，最好25至160 Newton的通过TA.XTplus Texture Analyzer型贯入仪（penetrometer）测得的贯入力（penetration force）值的材料。
本发明的浓缩组合物含有结构(I)的C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂，其是：
      (I)
其中R是C7-C22饱和或不饱和烃基；R2是氢、CH2COOX或C1-C5烷基；R3是氢；R4选自(CH2)mCO2X、(CH2)mSO3X、CH2NR2(CH2)mOH和葡糖基；R5选自氢、羟基苯基, C1-C6 羟基烷基、C1-C10 烷基、苄基, 羟基苄基, 烷基脲基, 硫代烷基和羧基；X选自氢、金属离子、胺盐和C1-C4烷基；且m为0至6；和
(ii) 10至60重量%多元醇；和
(iii) 1至20重量% C-8-C22-脂肪酸；且
其中该浓缩物具有9至13的pH。
结构(I)的表面活性剂最特别是C-8--C22酰基酰氨基羧酸或磺酸或其盐。该盐可具有任何类型的阳离子抗衡离子X，但优选选自钠、钾或混合阳离子。最优选的R基团是主链长为C12的C-8-C18-脂肪酸的混合物。这些混合物通常被称作衍生自椰油脂肪酸的椰油酸盐。
优选的结构(I)的物类包括钠、钾或铵的椰油酰甘氨酸盐、椰油酰肌氨酸盐、椰油酰牛磺酸盐、月桂酰甘氨酸盐、月桂酰肌氨酸盐、月桂酰牛磺酸盐、肉豆蔻酰甘氨酸盐、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸盐、肉豆蔻酰牛磺酸盐、棕榈酰甘氨酸盐、棕榈酰肌氨酸盐、棕榈酰牛磺酸盐及其组合。
结构(I)的C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂的量可以为该浓缩物的35至90重量%，优选40至80重量%，最好50至75重量%。
在该浓缩组合物中还存在多元醇。示例性的多元醇是甘油、丙二醇、二丙二醇、戊二醇、丁二醇、异丁二醇及其组合。最优选的是甘油和丙二醇。该浓缩物中的多元醇的量可以为10至60重量%，优选20至50重量%，最好25至45重量%。
该浓缩物中存在的另一材料是C8-C22脂肪酸。示例性的脂肪酸包括月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、山嵛酸及其组合。脂肪酸在该浓缩物中的量可以为1至20重量%，优选2至15重量%，最好4至10重量%。
有利地，该浓缩物可以基本不含水。基本不含水是指0至10重量%，优选0至5重量%，更优选0至3重量%，再更优选0至1重量%，尤其是0.05至1重量%水的量。水合水（如与任何组分缔合或络合存在）不被认为算作该浓缩物中存在的水的一部分。
根据如何制备该浓缩物，可能存在甘油三酸酯、甘油二酸酯、甘油单酸酯及其混合物。示例性的甘油单酸酯是月桂酸单甘油酯、油酸单甘油酯、亚油酸单甘油酯、肉豆蔻酸单甘油酯、硬脂酸单甘油酯、棕榈酸单甘油酯、椰油酸单甘油酯及其混合物。示例性的甘油二酸酯包括二月桂酸甘油酯、二油酸甘油酯、二亚油酸甘油酯、二肉豆蔻酸甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯、二异硬脂酸甘油酯、二棕榈酸甘油酯、椰油酸甘油酯、单月桂酸单肉豆蔻酸甘油酯、单月桂酸单棕榈酸甘油酯及其混合物。示例性但非限制性的甘油三酸酯包括油和脂肪，如椰子油、玉米油、棕榈仁油、棕榈油、大豆油、棉籽油、菜籽油、低芥酸菜籽油、葵花籽油、芝麻油、米糠油、橄榄油、牛脂、蓖麻油及其混合物。甘油酯的量可以为大约0.05至大约15%，优选大约0.1至大约10%，更优选大约0.5至大约6%，通常大约1至大约3重量%。
可以通过各种碱性材料引入碱度。示例性但非限制性的是氧化钙、氢氧化钙、氧化钾、氢氧化钾、氧化钠、氢氧化钠、氧化镁、氢氧化镁、磷酸钙、磷酸镁、磷酸钾、磷酸钠（如磷酸三钠、磷酸氢二钠形式）、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠及其混合物。碱性材料的量可以为0.01至大约10重量%，优选大约0.05至大约5重量%，更优选大约0.1至大约4重量%，通常大约1至大约4重量%。
本文中提到的所有文献，包括所有专利、专利申请和印刷出版物全文经此引用并入本公开。
术语“包含”无意限于任何随后陈述的要素，而是包括具有主要或次要功能重要性的未指定要素。换言之，所列步骤、要素或选项不需要是穷举的。每当使用词语“包括”或“具有”，这些术语意在相当于如上规定的“包含”。
除了在实施例和对比例中或另行明示之处外，本说明书中的指示材料量的所有数值应被理解为被词语“大约”修饰。
应该指出，在指定浓度或量的任何范围时，任何特定的上限浓度可以与任何特定的下限浓度或量结合。
下列实施例更充分例示本发明的实施方案。除非另行阐明，本文中和所附权利要求中提到的所有份数、百分比和比例按重量计。
实施例
制备一系列浓缩物以评估pH对流变性的影响。
样品制备
通过首先将氢氧化钠丸粒（98% Pure Sigma Aldrich S8045）研磨成细粉，制备样品。然后将这种氢氧化钠粉末分散在甘油或水中。然后将氧化钙和甘氨酸钠分散在该甘油/水混合物中。在分散氧化钙和甘氨酸钠后，将该甘油混合物加热至130℃，然后在用叶轮片混合的同时将该水混合物加热至80℃。一旦将该混合物加热至所需温度，将椰油酰甘氨酸钠（Amilite GCS-11）混入该甘油/水混合物中。将样品混合30分钟直至椰油酰甘氨酸钠形成软糊/液体。然后向样品中加入椰油脂肪酸并将样品继续混合另外20分钟。椰油酰甘氨酸钠和脂肪酸的混合在能够蒸发过量的水的开放容器中进行。在所有成分充分混合后，使样品冷却至室温。
贯入力程序
使用通常用于评估皂条硬度的标准方法测量制剂硬度。在这种方法中，首先将样品压成圆柱形丸粒。然后使用TA.XTplus Texture Analyzer测量将金属锥10毫米推入各丸粒所需的力。在这种方法中，固体样品会记录比糊状样品高的贯入力。
通过将样品插入圆柱形模具中，制造丸粒。然后使用Instron 5567将圆柱形柱塞推入模具中以在室温下将样品压缩成圆柱形丸粒。以5 mm/min的速率压缩样品直至实现15 kN的最终力。最终丸粒为40毫米直径和25毫米高度。
使用配有30度不锈钢锥的TA.XTplus Texture Analyzer测量样品硬度。在室温下以10 mm/s试验前速度、1 mm/s试验速度和10 mm/s试验后速度测量样品。样品在该质构仪（ texture analyzer ）中压缩至10毫米目标距离并使用0.049 N的触发力。各样品进行三次压缩测量。比较样品在10毫米距离下的压缩力。使用也已压缩成丸粒的商业Ivory?皂条作为参考样品（16.1N的贯入力）。
通过将10%样品分散在去离子水中，测量pH值。然后在测量pH之前使这些分散体在室温下混合24小时。在室温下用Fisher Scientific? Accumet AP61 pH计进行测量。
浓缩物组成和结果
组成和所得流变学报道在下表I中。
表I
*作为Amilite GCS-11获得.     **作为Prifac 7901获得。
配制样品A和B以分别实现7.2和7.8的pH。在这些低碱度水平下，所得浓缩物是分别表现出仅5.3和2.7的贯入力值的糊。如样品C、D、E、F、H、I、J和K中看出的在12.2至12.6范围内的碱度提高产生贯入力值大于10 Newton的固体浓缩物。样品G含有显著量的水，其显著降低贯入力值。
尽管已经参照其具体实施方案详细描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员显而易见的是，可以在不背离其精神和范围的情况下对其作出各种变动和修改。

Claims (10)

1.C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂的固体浓缩物，其包含：
(i) 35至90重量%的具有如下结构(I)的C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂：
    (I)
其中R是C7-C22饱和或不饱和烃基；R2是氢、CH2COOX或C1-C5烷基；R3是氢；R4选自(CH2)mCO2X、(CH2)mSO3X、CH2NR2(CH2)mOH和葡糖基；R5选自氢、羟基苯基、C1-C6 羟基烷基、C1-C10烷基、苄基、羟基苄基、烷基脲基、硫烷基和羧基；X选自氢、金属离子、胺盐和C1-C4烷基；且m为0至6；和
(ii) 10至60重量%多元醇；和
(iii) 1至20重量% of C-8-C22-脂肪酸；且
其中所述浓缩物具有9至13的pH。
2.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，其中pH为11至12.8。
3.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，其中所述多元醇选自甘油、丙二醇、二丙二醇、戊二醇、丁二醇、异丁二醇及其组合。
4.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，其中所述多元醇选自甘油、丙二醇或其组合。
5.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，其中所述酰基酰氨基表面活性剂选自椰油酰甘氨酸盐、椰油酰肌氨酸盐、椰油酰牛磺酸盐、月桂酰甘氨酸盐、月桂酰肌氨酸盐、月桂酰牛磺酸盐、肉豆蔻酰甘氨酸盐、肉豆蔻酰肌氨酸盐、肉豆蔻酰牛磺酸盐、棕榈酰甘氨酸盐、棕榈酰肌氨酸盐、棕榈酰牛磺酸盐及其组合。
6.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，进一步包括0至10重量%的水。
7.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，进一步包括0至1重量%的水。
8.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，具有8至250 Newton的贯入力值。
9.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，具有10至250 Newton的贯入力值。
10.根据权利要求1的浓缩物，其中C8-C22酰基酰氨基表面活性剂以50至75重量%的量存在。
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