CN104303843A - Method for using idle-period farmland to cultivate edible fungi in a wild and outdoor manner - Google Patents
Method for using idle-period farmland to cultivate edible fungi in a wild and outdoor manner Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303843A CN104303843A CN201410565176.1A CN201410565176A CN104303843A CN 104303843 A CN104303843 A CN 104303843A CN 201410565176 A CN201410565176 A CN 201410565176A CN 104303843 A CN104303843 A CN 104303843A
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- mycelium
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000003416 Asparagus officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005340 Asparagus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000234623 Coprinus comatus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004439 Coprinus comatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013348 organic food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020795 whole food diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for using an idle-period farmland to cultivate edible fungi in a wild and outdoor manner and relates to a cultivation method of the edible fungi. The method includes: using corn straw and bran as raw materials to make culture media; loading the culture media into a polyethylene bag, sterilizing and cooling, and then inoculating and culturing until mycelium matures; ditching the farmland in an idle period, moving the matured mycelium out of the bag and placing the mycelium in the ditches, covering soil, compacting and watering, wherein the mycelium interval is 4-6cm; loosening soil and mulching two days after watering, and controlling soil temperature at 5-18 DEG C and the moisture at 70-85%; fruiting 22-28 days after mulching, and collecting matured the edible fungi; mulching to allow the edible fungi to allow the edible fungi to live through the winter when the edible fungi stops growing when the temperature is lower than 3 DEG C; watering and mulching after thawing the next year, and fruiting until crop sowing in spring. The method is small in cultivating risk, short in cycle, fast to achieve required results, and good in quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of edible mushroom, be specifically related to a kind of lay-up period that utilizes and plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom.
Background technology
At present, as long as the cultivation indoor growing both at home and abroad to edible mushroom, exist and need to build cultivating facility, cost of investment is high, and development space is little, and technical difficulty is large, the shortcoming of natural quality difference, seriously govern the development of mushroom industry, and interior products can not embody the fine quality of edible mushroom under natural environmental condition, far can not meet the living needs that the mankind advocate wholefood.Because wild edible fungus is in wild state, suffer that the mankind destroy for a long time, wild edible mushroom resources species are endangered, and artificial wild cultivating edible mushroom is by the serious restriction of natural conditions.Capture two hang-ups that edible mushroom indoor growing poor quality and field cultivating difficulty are greatly field of edible fungus culture at present.
China is vast in territory, and situation is cultivated by seasonal effect and different in various places, wherein the north after annual autumn harvest to before freeze-up, and plough spring next year thaw after to before sowing, soil is in lay-up period; Soil in winter, south is also unsuitable for cultivating, and is in lay-up period.
The present invention makes full use of lay-up period and ploughs, and provides one and utilizes lay-up period to plough, in the method for outdoor cultivation edible mushroom.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of lay-up period that utilizes to plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Utilize lay-up period to plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, step is:
(1) utilize maize straw and wheat bran to make medium for raw material, and the water adding raw material gross weight 1.2 times stir, obtained medium;
(2) medium is loaded Polythene Bag, keep 10h sterilizing at 100 DEG C of constant temperature, after cooling, inoculated and cultured is ripe to mycelium;
(3) wide at lay-up period arable land excavation 38-42cm, the ditch that 32-37cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag and is placed in ditch, earthing 3-4cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 4-6cm between mycelium;
(4) within after watering two days, loosen the soil and overlay film, control ground temperature at 5-18 DEG C, humidity 70-85%;
(5) fruiting after overlay film 22-28 days, gathers ripe edible mushroom;
(6) as temperature < 3 DEG C, edible mushroom stops growing, and earthing makes its overwintering;
(7) next year thaw after to water overlay film, fruiting sows crops to spring.
Further, described edible mushroom comprises Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, Xingbao mushroom, White mushroom, flat mushroom, coprinus comatus, Asparagus.
Described medium is respectively 40-70 maize straw by mass fraction, 16 wheat brans, 7 corn flours, 1 pulverized limestone, 1 land plaster, 0-25 wood chip, 0-35 corncob, 0-35 cow dung form.
Described step (3) is ploughed at lay-up period, and 40cm is wide for excavation, and the ditch that 35cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag and is placed in ditch, earthing 3cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 5cm between mycelium.
The present invention utilizes agricultural stalk to make medium for primary raw material, through artificially breeding, Mycelium culture, field domestication, in natural environment, complete breeding sporophore growth, utilize lay-up period to plough and plant edible mushroom, bacterium slag is as the alternative inorganic fertilizer of organic manure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) utilize plough and agriculture waste resource non-planting season, agricultural stalk is converted into organic edible fungus and biological organic fungi-manure, produce natural organic edible fungus, plough at lay-up period and sow a large amount of mycelium, increase arable land N P and K and the content of organic matter, reduce surface soil alkalinity, be of value to the crop growth in arable land, substitute inorganic fertilizer with remaining bacterial classification residue after adopting mushroom, improving soil function, promote increases in grain production, improve agricultural product quality;
(2) wild cultivating edible mushroom of the present invention, do not account for and plough planting season, do not build canopy, inapplicable chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and any chemical raw material, reduce production cost, improve agricultural byproducts added value, cultivation method has the advantages that risk is little, the cycle is short, instant effect, product are of fine quality;
(3) using the nutrient matrix raw material of agricultural stalk as edible mushroom, and then be converted into edible mushroom organic food and bio-bacterial manure, achieve the reciprocal circulation of microbial world and botanic biological chain dexterously, change traditional farming practices of crop straw burning, decrease the pollution of flue dust to environment, protect ecotope;
(4) lay-up period arable land culturing edible fungus is utilized, create the organic Multiple Cropping Rotation mode of agricultural of " bacterium+grain+bacterium ", expand field of planting, improve cropping index and cultivated land utilization rate, facilitate increases in grain production and farmers' income, be conducive to saving and resource of protecting farmland;
(5) the present invention wild cultivating edible mushroom in natural environment in the wild, mycelium is placed in soil, and with plastic mulching, fruit body absorbs the steam in soil completely naturally, eliminate manually with the water pollution issue in running water sprinkling process, the quality of product is high;
(6) the present invention uses plastic mulching edible mushroom, optimize the configuration of edible fungi growth key element, for its wild cultivating provides the favourable growth conditions such as drought resisting, moisturizing, prevention waterlogging, achieve edible mushroom by the transformation of indoor culture to outdoor wild cultivating, increase substantially the yield and quality of edible mushroom, solve the problem that edible mushroom wild cultivating difficulty is large, for edible mushroom wild cultivating provides a kind of new way of high yields irrespective of drought or water logging.
In sum, the present invention utilizes lay-up period to plough and achieves the field cultivating of edible mushroom, and cultivation risk is little, the cycle is short, instant effect, product are of fine quality, and can improve the availability in arable land, improves soil function, preserves the ecological environment.
concrete fertilization mode
Embodiment 1
Utilize lay-up period to plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, step is:
(1) take 75Kg maize straw, 16Kg wheat bran, 7Kg corn flour, 1Kg pulverized limestone, 1Kg land plaster, mixing, and the water adding raw material gross weight 1.2 times stirs, obtained medium;
(2) medium is loaded Polythene Bag, keep 10h sterilizing at 100 DEG C of constant temperature, after cooling, inoculated and cultured is ripe to mycelium;
(3) wide at lay-up period arable land excavation 38-42cm, the ditch that 32-37cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag and is placed in ditch, earthing 3-4cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 4-6cm between mycelium;
(4) within after watering two days, loosen the soil and overlay film, control ground temperature at 5-18 DEG C, humidity 70-85%;
(5) fruiting after overlay film 22-28 days, gathers ripe edible mushroom;
(6) as temperature < 3 DEG C, edible mushroom stops growing, and earthing makes its overwintering;
(7) next year thaw after to water overlay film, fruiting sows crops to spring.
Soil before and after plantation edible mushroom is carried out respectively nutrient component contrast chemical examination: full nitrogen increases 1.69g/Kg, increases by 264.06%; Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases 80.5mg/Kg, increases by 143.75%; Available phosphorus increases 26.02mg/Kg, increases by 385.48%; Available potassium increases 291.39mg/Kg, increases by 225.10%; Slowly available potassium increases 177.49mg/Kg, increases by 21.7%; Organic increase 28.9g/Kg, increases by 178.84%; PH value reduces by 1.02, in neutral, is conducive to crop growth.
Embodiment 2
Utilize lay-up period to plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, step is:
(1) take 50Kg maize straw, 25Kg wood chip, 16Kg wheat bran, 7Kg corn flour, 1Kg pulverized limestone, 1Kg land plaster, mixing, and the water adding raw material gross weight 1.2 times stirs, obtained medium;
(2) medium is loaded Polythene Bag, keep 10h sterilizing at 100 DEG C of constant temperature, after cooling, inoculated and cultured is ripe to mycelium;
(3) wide at lay-up period arable land excavation 38-42cm, the ditch that 32-37cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag and is placed in ditch, earthing 3-4cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 4-6cm between mycelium;
(4) within after watering two days, loosen the soil and overlay film, control ground temperature at 5-18 DEG C, humidity 70-85%;
(5) fruiting after overlay film 22-28 days, gathers ripe edible mushroom;
(6) as temperature < 3 DEG C, edible mushroom stops growing, and earthing makes its overwintering;
(7) next year thaw after to water overlay film, fruiting sows crops to spring.
Embodiment 3
Utilize lay-up period to plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, step is:
(1) take 40Kg maize straw, 35Kg corncob, 16Kg wheat bran, 7Kg corn flour, 1Kg pulverized limestone, 1Kg land plaster, mixing, and the water adding raw material gross weight 1.2 times stirs, obtained medium;
(2) medium is loaded Polythene Bag, keep 10h sterilizing at 100 DEG C of constant temperature, after cooling, inoculated and cultured is ripe to mycelium;
(3) wide at lay-up period arable land excavation 38-42cm, the ditch that 32-37cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag and is placed in ditch, earthing 3-4cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 4-6cm between mycelium;
(4) within after watering two days, loosen the soil and overlay film, control ground temperature at 5-18 DEG C, humidity 70-85%;
(5) fruiting after overlay film 22-28 days, gathers ripe edible mushroom;
(6) as temperature < 3 DEG C, edible mushroom stops growing, and earthing makes its overwintering;
(7) next year thaw after to water overlay film, fruiting sows crops to spring.
Embodiment 4
Utilize lay-up period to plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, step is:
(1) take 50Kg maize straw, 35Kg cow dung, 16Kg wheat bran, 7Kg corn flour, 1Kg pulverized limestone, 1Kg land plaster, mixing, and the water adding raw material gross weight 1.2 times stirs, obtained medium;
(2) medium is loaded Polythene Bag, keep 10h sterilizing at 100 DEG C of constant temperature, after cooling, inoculated and cultured is ripe to mycelium;
(3) wide at lay-up period arable land excavation 38-42cm, the ditch that 32-37cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag and is placed in ditch, earthing 3-4cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 4-6cm between mycelium;
(4) within after watering two days, loosen the soil and overlay film, control ground temperature at 5-18 DEG C, humidity 70-85%;
(5) fruiting after overlay film 22-28 days, gathers ripe edible mushroom;
(6) as temperature < 3 DEG C, edible mushroom stops growing, and earthing makes its overwintering;
(7) next year thaw after to water overlay film, fruiting sows crops to spring.
Claims (4)
1. utilize lay-up period to plough the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, it is characterized in that, step is:
(1) utilize maize straw and wheat bran to make medium for raw material, and the water adding raw material gross weight 1.2 times stir, obtained medium;
(2) medium is loaded Polythene Bag, keep 10h sterilizing at 100 DEG C of constant temperature, after cooling, inoculated and cultured is ripe to mycelium;
(3) wide at lay-up period arable land excavation 38-42cm, the ditch that 32-37cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag and is placed in ditch, earthing 3-4cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 4-6cm between mycelium;
(4) within after watering two days, loosen the soil and overlay film, control ground temperature at 5-18 DEG C, humidity 70-85%;
(5) fruiting after overlay film 22-28 days, gathers ripe edible mushroom;
(6) as temperature < 3 DEG C, edible mushroom stops growing, and earthing makes its overwintering;
(7) next year thaw after to water overlay film, fruiting sows crops to spring.
2. a kind of lay-up period that utilizes according to claim 1 is ploughed the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, and it is characterized in that, described edible mushroom comprises Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, Xingbao mushroom, White mushroom, flat mushroom, coprinus comatus, Asparagus.
3. a kind of lay-up period that utilizes according to claim 1 and 2 is ploughed the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, it is characterized in that, described medium is respectively 40-70 maize straw by mass fraction, 16 wheat brans, 7 corn flours, 1 pulverized limestone, 1 land plaster, 0-25 wood chip, 0-35 corncob, 0-35 cow dung form.
4. a kind of lay-up period that utilizes according to claim 1 and 2 is ploughed the method for wild outdoor planting edible mushroom, it is characterized in that, described step (3) is ploughed at lay-up period, and 40cm is wide for excavation, the ditch that 35cm is dark, the mycelium cultivating maturation is taken off bag to be placed in ditch, earthing 3cm, compacting is watered, wherein interval 5cm between mycelium.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410565176.1A CN104303843B (en) | 2014-10-22 | A kind of method utilizing the wild outdoor planting edible fungi in lay-up period arable land |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410565176.1A CN104303843B (en) | 2014-10-22 | A kind of method utilizing the wild outdoor planting edible fungi in lay-up period arable land |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104303843A true CN104303843A (en) | 2015-01-28 |
| CN104303843B CN104303843B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106332658A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-18 | 赵俊瑞 | Method for developing organic agriculture by straws and tillage land in idle period |
| CN106688603A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-05-24 | 天津市庆祥农业科技有限公司 | Preparation method of edible mushrooms and process thereof |
| CN107960271A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-27 | 陈斌 | A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106688603A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-05-24 | 天津市庆祥农业科技有限公司 | Preparation method of edible mushrooms and process thereof |
| CN106332658A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-18 | 赵俊瑞 | Method for developing organic agriculture by straws and tillage land in idle period |
| CN107960271A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-27 | 陈斌 | A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom |
| CN107960271B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2020-12-29 | 陈斌 | Cultivation method of edible fungi |
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