CN107960271A - A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN107960271A CN107960271A CN201711187579.7A CN201711187579A CN107960271A CN 107960271 A CN107960271 A CN 107960271A CN 201711187579 A CN201711187579 A CN 201711187579A CN 107960271 A CN107960271 A CN 107960271A
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000222485 Agaricales Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000252132 Pleurotus eryngii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001681 Pleurotus eryngii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical class CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of edible mushroom.This method is first handled culture material, then carries out cultivating bacterial spawn and growth, and limits in culture material each parameter during each component and growth.The edible fungi growth speed that is obtained using cultural method culture of the present invention is fast, yield is high, and edible mushroom condition is good, significantly increases the yield of two damp mushrooms；Mixed culture material raw material is easy to get, and prepares simply, of low cost, and is most suitable for edible fungi growth；It is not required to sterilize and pricks the processing such as air hole, it is efficient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fungus growing technique field, and in particular to a kind of cultivating method for edible fungi.
Background technology
China is big country of mushroom producing, to the process for going out some damp mushrooms since sterilizing, or substantially using traditional
Manual work mode carries out horizontal cultivation, and culture medium is loaded bacterium bag by traditional approach when bacteria stick makes, then that bacteria stick is horizontal
To pile up on vehicle of sterilization, sterilize, after bacteria stick tying, culture medium is sealed in bag, during high-temperature sterilization, moisture meeting in culture medium
Expansion is evaporated, pressure in bag is formed, be easy to cause polybag and blow, and is sterilized there are sterilising cycle length, and is inoculated with and usually exists
In clean operating room, manually strain is filled in inoculation hole, and if being parched after a couple of days is cultivated, it is necessary to be pricked near inoculation hole
Stomata, therefore cumbersome there are process, and when condition control is bad, the yield of edible mushroom can significant changes.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manual procedure is simple, and that growth speed is fast, quality is high is edible
The cultural method of bacterium.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, by a large number of experiments research and unremitting effort, following technical solution is finally obtained：
A kind of cultural method of edible mushroom, includes the following steps：
(1) culture material makes：Stalk is soaked into 15~48h in water, control the culture material humidity after water 50~70% it
Between, 10~15h of stack retting at 20~70 DEG C, during which stirring 1~2 time will stalk and rice bran, fruits and vegetables skin slag, phosphorus after stack retting first
Acid dihydride potassium and gypsum are uniformly mixed, and obtain mixed culture material, 45~55 parts by weight of stalk, 4~7 weight of rice bran in mixed culture material
Part, 8~12 parts by weight of fruits and vegetables skin slag, 0.2~0.4 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5~1 parts by weight of gypsum are measured, and are added always
The fine earth of mixed culture material weight 3%~5% and 0.02%~0.05% 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols, will be above-mentioned
Material mixing is uniform, then carries out secondary stack retting, and secondary stack retting condition is identical with stack retting first, moisture in the culture material finally obtained
32~45wt%, pH are 6~7.5；
(2) cultivating bacterial spawn：Culture material is paved, 200~800mm of thickness, on it program request edible mushroom cultivated species, Ran Hou
Fine earth, 20~30mm of thickness are covered thereon, then 100~300mm shading moisturizing layers are covered on fine earth fine earth layer, form bacterium bed,
Wherein the density of program request strain is the 10%~15% of culture material surface area, and the distance between bacterium cave is 5cm~12cm；
(3) growth：Subsection setup edible mushroom condition of culture, it is 5~28 DEG C that vegetative stage, which keeps bacterium bed temperature,
Incubation time 45~65 days, air humidity 65~70%, lucifuge culture；Fructification occurs and growth phase bacterium bed temperature keeps 23
~30 DEG C, air humidity 48~90%, half illumination cultivation.
It is further preferred that when the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, wherein step (1) culture material makes, water is controlled
The stack retting at 35~55 DEG C of straw cultivation material afterwards.
It is further preferred that in the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, wherein step (1), the mixed culture material
Middle 45~50 parts by weight of stalk, 5~7 parts by weight of rice bran, 8~10 parts by weight of fruits and vegetables skin slag, 0.2~0.4 weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Part, 0.5~0.8 parts by weight of gypsum.
It is further preferred that in the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, wherein step (3), during vegetative stage,
When mycelia is grown to when penetrating fine earth layer, processing is aerated to bacterium bed, specially levers up the culture bed of material from bacterium bed both sides, while from
The both sides portion of levering up inwardly is aerated processing, 1~2 time weekly, every time 40~60min.
It is further preferred that in the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, wherein step (3), during half illumination cultivation, light
It is 200~350lux according to intensity.
It is further preferred that fine earth bag used in the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, wherein step (1) and (2)
Include hayashishita fine earth and mellow soil, the hayashishita fine earth refer to 0~2m of ground distance trees ' root, ground end apart from ground root 0~
80 mesh above soil after 40cm scope Inside sifters, the mellow soil refer to earth's surface mellow soil more than 80 mesh, i.e., apart from earth's surface 0~
Mellow soil layer soil in the range of 40cm.
It is further preferred that in the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, wherein step (3), strain is in black thin film
Half illumination cultivation of lower progress is covered, is outdoor ground where culture farm, can also carry out indoors certainly.
It is further preferred that the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, bacterium material is in strip or ring-type during edible fungus culturing
On level land, if being in from top to bottom strip along hillside in hillside fields.
It is further preferred that the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, is adopted after step (3) growth receiving
Mushroom operates, and adopts and fills and leads up original mushroom cave with soil after mushroom operates.
It is further preferred that the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, the shading moisturizing layer is straw or like vegetable.
It is further preferred that the cultural method of edible mushroom of the present invention, the edible mushroom is Agaricales fungi.
The present invention has the following technical effect that relative to the prior art：
(1) edible fungi growth speed is fast under the cultural method, yield is high, and edible mushroom condition is good, significantly increases two tides
The yield of mushroom；
(2) mixed culture material raw material is easy to get, prepare it is simple, it is of low cost, and add appropriate fine earth and 2,6- di-t-butyl-
After 4- methylphenols, effect is remarkably promoted to edible fungi growth；
(3) it is not required to sterilize and prick the processing such as air hole, it is efficient；
(4) edible fungus culturing can carry out on outdoor level land in this method, only cover film on it.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described further below, edible mushroom is pleurotus eryngii in following embodiments,
Use hayashishita fine earth, be specifically apple orchard in, ground distance fruit tree root 1.8m, ground end apart from fruit tree according to 35cm in the range of
Soil and after being sieved to it, obtained soil more than 80 mesh, fruits and vegetables skin slag uses apple peel in mixed culture material.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivating method for edible fungi, specifically comprises the following steps：
1st, stalk is soaked into 15h in water, it is 55%, the stack retting 10h at 35 DEG C to control the stalk humidity after water, during which
Stalk, will be uniformly mixed after stack retting by stirring 1 time with rice bran, apple peel, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum first, obtain mixing training
Nutriment, each material is added according to each substance weight part of embodiment 1 in table 1 in the mixed culture material, and adds mixed culture material
Above-mentioned substance, is uniformly mixed by the hayashishita fine earth of weight 5% and 0.05% 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols again, then
Secondary stack retting is carried out, secondary stack retting condition is identical with stack retting first, and moisture is 33wt%, pH 6 in the culture material finally obtained；
2nd, cultivating bacterial spawn：Culture material is paved, thickness 210mm, program request edible mushroom cultivated species, then cover on it on it
Lid hayashishita fine earth, thickness 20mm, then 100mm shading moisturizing grass layers are covered on fine earth layer, formation bacterium bed, wherein program request strain
Density is the 10% of culture material surface area, and the distance between bacterium cave is 12cm；
3rd, growth：Subsection setup edible mushroom condition of culture, it is 7 DEG C that vegetative stage, which keeps bacterium bed temperature, culture
65 days time, air humidity 65%, lucifuge culture；Fructification occurs and growth phase bacterium bed temperature keeps 25 DEG C, air humidity
50%, half illumination cultivation, intensity of illumination 200lux, during vegetative stage, when mycelia is grown to when penetrating fine earth layer, from bacterium bed two
Side levers up the culture bed of material, while is inwardly aerated processing from the both sides portion of levering up, 1 times a week, each 60min；
4th, after adopting mushroom, original mushroom cave is filled and led up using soil so that imputrescibility when mushroom germination by repetition is grown.
Bacterium bed is not prepared into bacteria stick in the present embodiment, but is directly layered on level land or slope, and bacterium bed is on level land
Strip is laid with, and slope is in from top to bottom strip along hillside, and bacterium bed width is generally 100~300cm, at outdoor in bacterium bed
Black thin film is covered, film height is away from shading moisturizing grass layer at least 50cm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultivating method for edible fungi, specifically comprises the following steps：
1st, stalk is soaked into 45h in water, it is 68%, the stack retting 11h at 55 DEG C to control the stalk humidity after water, during which
Stirring 2 times, will stalk is uniformly mixed with rice bran, apple peel, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum after stack retting first, be mixed
Expect, each material is added according to each substance weight part of embodiment 2 in table 1 in the mixed culture material, and adds mixed culture material weight
Above-mentioned substance, is uniformly mixed, then carry out by 5% hayashishita fine earth and 0.05% 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols again
Secondary stack retting, secondary stack retting condition is identical with stack retting first, and moisture is 45wt%, pH 7.5 in the culture material finally obtained；
2nd, cultivating bacterial spawn：Culture material is paved, thickness 750mm, program request edible mushroom cultivated species, then cover on it on it
Lid hayashishita fine earth, thickness 30mm, then 280mm shading moisturizing grass layers are covered on fine earth layer, formation bacterium bed, wherein program request strain
Density is that the distance between culture material surface area 15%, bacterium cave is 5cm；
3rd, growth：Subsection setup edible mushroom condition of culture, it is 28 DEG C that vegetative stage, which keeps bacterium bed temperature, culture
45 days time, air humidity 70%, lucifuge culture；Fructification occurs and growth phase bacterium bed temperature keeps 30 DEG C, air humidity
88%, half illumination cultivation, intensity of illumination 350lux, during vegetative stage, when mycelia is grown to when penetrating fine earth layer, from bacterium bed two
Side levers up the culture bed of material, while is inwardly aerated processing from the both sides portion of levering up, 1 times a week, each 60min；
4th, after adopting mushroom, original mushroom cave is filled and led up using soil so that imputrescibility when mushroom germination by repetition is grown.
Bacterium bed is not prepared into bacteria stick in the present embodiment, but is directly layered on level land or slope, and bacterium bed is on level land
Strip is laid with, and slope is in from top to bottom strip along hillside, and bacterium bed width is generally 100~300cm, at outdoor in bacterium bed
Black thin film is covered, film height is away from shading moisturizing grass layer at least 50cm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultivating method for edible fungi, specifically comprises the following steps：
1st, stalk is soaked into 30h in water, it is 62%, the stack retting 13h at 48 DEG C to control the stalk humidity after water, during which
Stirring 2 times, will stalk is uniformly mixed with rice bran, apple peel, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum after stack retting first, be mixed
Expect, each material is added according to each substance weight part of embodiment 3 in table 1 in the mixed culture material, and adds mixed culture material weight
Above-mentioned substance, is uniformly mixed, then carry out by 5% hayashishita fine earth and 0.05% 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols again
Secondary stack retting, secondary stack retting condition is identical with stack retting first, and moisture is 38wt%, pH 7 in the mixed culture material finally obtained；
2nd, cultivating bacterial spawn：Mixed culture material is paved, thickness 550mm, on it program request edible mushroom cultivated species, then at it
Upper covering hayashishita fine earth, thickness 26mm, then 200mm shading moisturizing grass layers are covered on fine earth layer, form bacterium bed, wherein program request bacterium
The density of kind is that the distance between culture material surface area 13%, bacterium cave is 8cm；
3rd, growth：Subsection setup edible mushroom condition of culture, it is 20 DEG C that vegetative stage, which keeps bacterium bed temperature, culture
54 days time, air humidity 68%, lucifuge culture；Fructification occurs and growth phase bacterium bed temperature keeps 26 DEG C, air humidity
76%, half illumination cultivation, intensity of illumination 280lux, during vegetative stage, when mycelia is grown to when penetrating fine earth layer, from bacterium bed two
Side levers up the culture bed of material, while is inwardly aerated processing from the both sides portion of levering up, 2 times a week, each 45min；
4th, after adopting mushroom, original mushroom cave is filled and led up using soil so that imputrescibility when mushroom germination by repetition is grown.
Bacterium bed is not prepared into bacteria stick in the present embodiment, but is directly layered on level land or slope, and bacterium bed is on level land
Strip is laid with, and slope is in from top to bottom strip along hillside, and bacterium bed width is generally 100~300cm, at outdoor in bacterium bed
Black thin film is covered, film height is away from shading moisturizing grass layer at least 50cm.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is identical with 3 process of embodiment, and parameter is identical, except that moieties in mixed culture material
Formula presses the preparation of embodiment 4 in table 1
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is identical with 3 process of embodiment, and parameter is identical, except that moieties are pressed in mixed culture material
The preparation of embodiment 5 in table 1.
1 mixed culture material moieties parts by weight table of table
Embodiment 6
The edible fungi growth speed and appearance obtained to embodiment 1~5 counts, and the results are shown in Table 2.Find at the same time
The first damp mushroom of edible mushroom and two damp mushroom yield highests in embodiment 3, secondly embodiment 2, is again carried out example 4, subsequently embodiment 5,
Last embodiment 1, and embodiment 2 and the yield of embodiment 3 differ less than 1.0%, and the difference of other embodiments is 4~12%
Between.
2 edible fungi growth speed of table and apparent statistic
Comparative example 1
3 step of embodiment and formula on the basis of, only step 1 culture material processing stage directly by stalk, rice bran,
Apple peel, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum are uniformly mixed, and moisture is 45wt%, pH 7 in the mixed culture material made.
It turns out that just damp mushroom and two damp mushroom yield decline 69% and 35% to the obtained edible mushroom of culture respectively, first damp mushroom and
The growth rate of two damp mushrooms is respectively 1.14cm/ weeks and 0.89cm/ weeks, and just damp mushroom and two damp mushroom heads are small, inferior quality.
Comparative example 2
Stack retting processing individually is not carried out to stalk on the basis of embodiment 3, but by the stalk of identical weight part and its
Stack retting is being carried out after its material mixing, it turns out that just the yield of damp mushroom and two damp mushrooms is remarkably decreased compared with embodiment 2 in edible mushroom
36% and 21%, and just the growth rate of damp mushroom and two damp mushrooms is respectively 1.86cm/ weeks and 1.79cm/ weeks, therefore it is it could be speculated that single
Only first processing stalk, which has edible fungi growth, remarkably promotes effect.
Comparative example 3
On the basis of embodiment 3, other parameters are constant, and thickness of feed layer is mixed in only changing the step 2 and is
150mm, vegetative stage bacterium bed temperature are 30 DEG C, incubation time 45 days, air humidity 75%, while in vegetative stage
When mycelia is grown to when penetrating fine earth layer, processing is not aerated to bacterium bed；Fructification occurs and growth phase, bacterium bed cultivation temperature
Keep 35 DEG C, air humidity 65%.
Found after edible mushroom is cultivated and picked, the yield of the yield of first damp mushroom and two damp mushrooms is compared with embodiment 2 in edible mushroom
When declining 57% and 46% respectively, therefore being cultivated on the basis of the mixed compost of the present invention, when growth phase temperature, humidity
And oxygen, when change of external conditions is larger, the yield of edible mushroom is remarkably decreased.
Comparative example 4
On the basis of embodiment 3, after the picking of first damp mushroom, original mushroom cave is not carried out to fill and lead up operation, finds two damp mushrooms
Yield have dropped 58%, the two damp mushroom appearances observed, discovery more or less all there is Decay.
On the basis of embodiment 3, inventor changes mixed culture material and is laid with for ring-type, the mushroom yield found
Do not have significant change with appearance.
Comparative example 5
Because component also has corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, cottonseed, trace element and wine in existing common culture medium of edible fungus
Grain, inventor are separately added into above-mentioned substance, addition on the basis of the formula of embodiment 3 in the mixed culture material finally obtained
In 0.02~12 parts by weight, its addition is usage ratio, discovery in existing disclosed culture medium prescription according to respective material
Obtained first damp mushroom and two damp mushroom yield reduces 0.2~11.4%, and mushroom quality do not have naked eyes this it appears that carry
It is high.
Comparative example 6
Because in culture material manufacturing process, on the basis of embodiment 3, mixed culture material weight 0.02%-0.05%
2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols be before never added when carrying out edible mushroom culture, inventor is with embodiment 3
Process and parameter based on, investigated the material to finally cultivating the influence of obtained edible mushroom.
Inventor carries out edible fungus culturing according to the process of embodiment 3, and difference is in not plus 2,6- di-t-butyl -4- first
Base phenol, it turns out that the growth rate of first damp mushroom and two damp mushrooms is respectively 2.04cm/ weeks and 1.91cm/ weeks, first damp mushroom and two
Damp mushroom yield reduces 17.6% and 14.8% respectively, and just damp mushroom head is larger, dry weight is larger, and the growth of two damp mushrooms is general, point
Analyse above-mentioned data and understand when adding 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols, there is facilitation to edible fungi growth.
A person of good sense carries out edible fungus culturing according to the process of embodiment 3, and difference is in 2, the 6- di-t-butyl -4- first in addition
Base phenol amount is the 0.08% of mixed culture material weight, it turns out that just the growth rate of damp mushroom and two damp mushrooms is respectively
1.87cm/ weeks and 1.56cm/ weeks, first damp mushroom and two damp mushroom yield reduced 31% and 27% respectively, and just damp mushroom head is general,
The growth of two damp mushrooms is general, and head is slightly smaller, analyzes above-mentioned data and understands, right when adding 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols excess
Edible fungi growth has inhibitory action.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of edible mushroom, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) culture material makes：Stalk is soaked into 15~48h in water, control the straw cultivation material humidity after water 50~70% it
Between, 10~15h of stack retting at 20~70 DEG C, during which stirring 1~2 time will stalk and rice bran, fruits and vegetables skin slag, phosphorus after stack retting first
Acid dihydride potassium and gypsum are uniformly mixed, and obtain mixed culture material, 45~55 parts by weight of stalk, 4~7 weight of rice bran in mixed culture material
Part, 8~12 parts by weight of fruits and vegetables skin slag, 0.2~0.4 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5~1 parts by weight of gypsum are measured, and add mixing
The fine earth of compost weight 3%~7% and 0.02%~0.05% 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methy phenols, by above-mentioned substance
It is uniformly mixed, then carries out secondary stack retting, secondary stack retting condition is identical with stack retting first, moisture 32 in the culture material finally obtained~
45wt%, pH are 6~7.5；
(2) cultivating bacterial spawn：Culture material is paved, 200~800mm of thickness, on it program request edible mushroom cultivated species, then on it
Fine earth, 20~30mm of thickness are covered, then 100~300mm shading moisturizing layers are covered on fine earth layer, forms bacterium bed, wherein program request
The density of strain is the 10%~15% of culture material surface area, and the distance between bacterium cave is 5cm~12cm；
(3) growth：Subsection setup edible mushroom condition of culture, it is 5~28 DEG C that vegetative stage, which keeps bacterium bed temperature, culture
45~65 days time, air humidity 65~70%, lucifuge culture；Fructification occurs and growth phase bacterium bed temperature keeps 23~30
DEG C, air humidity 48~90%, half illumination cultivation.
2. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：When step (1) culture material makes, after controlling water
Straw cultivation material at 35~55 DEG C stack retting.
3. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (1), in the mixed culture material
45~50 parts by weight of stalk, 5~7 parts by weight of rice bran, 8~10 parts by weight of fruits and vegetables skin slag, 0.2~0.4 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.5~0.8 parts by weight of gypsum.
4. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3), during vegetative stage,
When mycelia is grown to when penetrating fine earth layer, processing is aerated to bacterium bed, specially levers up the culture bed of material from bacterium bed both sides, while from
The both sides portion of levering up inwardly is aerated processing, 1~2 time weekly, every time 40~60min.
5. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3), during half illumination cultivation, light
It is 200~350lux according to intensity.
6. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fine earth used includes in step (1) and (2)
Hayashishita fine earth and mellow soil, the hayashishita fine earth refer to 0~2m of ground distance trees ' root, ground end apart from 0~40cm of ground root
80 mesh above soil after scope Inside sifter, the mellow soil refers to earth's surface mellow soil more than 80 mesh, i.e., apart from earth's surface 0~40cm models
Enclose interior mellow soil layer soil.
7. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3), strain hides in black thin film
Lid is lower to carry out half illumination cultivation, outdoor ground carried out by culture farm.
8. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Bacterium bed is in strip or ring during edible fungus culturing
Shape is located on level land, if being in from top to bottom strip along hillside in hillside fields.
9. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Receive in step (3) growth laggard
Row adopts mushroom operation, adopts and fills and leads up original mushroom cave with soil after mushroom operates.
10. the cultural method of edible mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shading moisturizing layer is straw or like vegetable.
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