CN104302505A - 用于增程器的减振装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的、特别是用于电动车的增程器(1),其包括:第一机电能量转换器(2);以及内燃发动机(3),其可联接到用于传送功率的第一机电能量转换器(2)上。所述减振器(6a、6b、6c)被集成到第一机电能量转换器(2)的转子(5)中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的、特别用于电动车的增程器,其包括:机电能量转换器,以及能够联接到用于传送功率的机电能量转换器的内燃发动机。
背景技术
增程器意味着在电动车中额外的动力总成,其通常包括内燃发动机,其驱动发电机为储能装置和/或电动机提供电能,从而为电动车增程。
通过本地化的供电系统充电的蓄电池或电池通常被用作为储能装置,为电动车提供能量。若无可用的供电系统,且储能装置中剩余的能量几乎耗尽,则增程器能够在途中对储能装置再充电或至少确保电动车能够继续行驶。
在配备有增程器的电动车中,通常在行驶期间增程器的内燃发动机的启动和停止无需驾驶员直接干预,特别是根据储能装置的电量状态的启动和停止。电能通常借助于机电能量转换器,即,电动机产生,其通常为永久激励同步电动机。
机电能量转换器通常具有由适合的控制电子设备控制的至少两种工作模式:发电机模式下增程器正常工作。相反地,机电能量转换器也能够以发动机模式工作。该模式通常用于启动内燃发动机。
然而,增程器的内燃发动机不应降低电动车的驾驶体验,所述驾驶体验基本上归因于作为牵引驱动的机电能量转换器的特别的驱动性能和在传动系中内燃发动机噪音的消除。
因此,可以尽可能地防止或抑制源于增程器的内燃发动机和/或机电能量转换器的干扰因素。
由此,通常能够最大程度地防止在增程器启动时和工作期间的除了振动之外的噪声。
WO 97/08435涉及一种系统,其用于主动降低轴旋转的不规则性,特别是内燃机的驱动轴或可被联接到驱动轴的轴的不规则性。该系统包括电动机,其联接或可被联接到轴,其中控制装置控制电动机,使得其抵消轴的正负旋转的不规则性。
发明内容
本发明基于提供改进的增程器的目的,其减少配备所述增程器的机动车中的上述问题。
该目的通过根据权利1所述的增程器和根据权利要求8所述的机动车而实现。在从属权利要求中给出有利的实施例。
因此,在根据本发明的增程器中,减振器被集成到第一机电能量转换器的转子中。
集成到转子中的减振减少或甚至完全抑制了在所有驱动状态中的振动,且因此抑制了NVH(噪音、振动、声振粗糙度)。这导致很大程度改善了驾驶体验。特别地,由于减振被集成到机电能量转换器的转子中,其能够以节省空间的方式实现。集成到转子中优势在于,作为减振器的双质量飞轮的第二质量是第一机电能量转换器的转子。优选地,双质量飞轮的第一质量因此被直接定位在旋转活塞发动机的轴上。由于这样做而减少了用于减振器的额外部件的数量。在该情况下对减振的电子控制也不是必要的。事实上,根据本发明的减振由简单的、坚固的、且经济的装置构成。
在本发明的意义上,机电能量转换器用于将电能转换成机械能且反之亦然。为此特别包括电动机和发电机。取决于功率传送的方向,机电能量转换器在发动机模式和发电机模式之间转变,在发动机模式中功率由电能转换为机械能,而在发电机模式中具有相反的功率流。
本发明定义的内燃发动机可被理解成热力发动机,其在燃烧过程中将燃料的化学能转换成机械能。在内燃发动机工作时,通常称为活塞的驱动件一般通过工作室内空气-燃料混合物燃烧时的膨胀被压出燃烧区,由此使驱动轴运动,优选使其旋转。
在本发明的意义上的机动车是用于运输产品、工具或人员的移动运输工具,且是机器驱动的。
在本发明的意义上的电动车优选被理解成由来自储能装置的,优选来自电化学储能器、蓄电池和/或电池的电能所驱动的机动车。当储能装置耗尽时,其必须通过供电网或便携供电设备,优选通过增程器或太阳能电池再次充电。
在本发明的意义上的减振器涉及借助于结构件,特别是借助于减振来抑制内燃发动机的轴的扭转振动,从而消除NVH。不仅在四冲程活塞发动机中,而且在旋转活塞发动机中,四冲程的周期循环(进气、压缩、点火、排气)结合单缸或阀盘的点火顺序,导致轴的旋转不规则性,以及优选连接的飞轮的旋转不规则性。这样的传动系的惯性和硬度产生具有能产生扭转振动固有特征频率的结构,其由于被引入到往复式发动机或旋转活塞发动机中的旋转不规则性而不可避免地导致轴的扭转振动。对于减振器特别优选的是双质量飞轮、扭力消振器或任何其他已知的扭振减振器。
在本发明的意义上的,有效功率传输的联接涉及机械的、流体机械的、流体力学的或磁性的功率传输,特别是通过共同轴,即,机电能量转换器和内燃发动机是同轴的。
表示噪音、振动、声振粗糙度的NVH(德语为噪音、振动、不平顺性)是评价驾驶员的驾驶体验时的重要标准。在此,声振粗糙度涉及在20-100Hz范围内可听见的以及可触知的振动过渡范围。一般来说,NVH是由于振动源局部地将作用力引入振动传输介质所引发,所述振动传输介质例如为机动车中的机械结构。
在本发明的一有利的实施例中,内燃发动机被布置在第一机电能量转换器与第二机电能量转换器之间,其中,第二机电能量转换器也被联接到用于传送功率的内燃发动机,和/或减振被集成到第二机电能量转换器的转子中。
第二机电能量转换器能够更有效地将内燃发动机的机械能转换成电能。此外,在内燃发动机的轴承上的横向力随着轴的弓形压力能够减弱,因为在工作期间内燃发动机的旋转不规则性能够通过在轴的两端处的两个电磁转换器的引导部而被减弱。
在本发明的另一有利实施例中,内燃发动机是旋转活塞发动机。
如本发明所限定的旋转活塞发动机优选可被理解成下述设备,在其中优选基本呈三角形的活塞在内燃发动机工作期间围绕其壳体中的主轴线旋转,其中,活塞围绕其自身轴线旋转,然而该自身轴线还额外地围绕优选自身的旋转路径运动。换言之,活塞实现了围绕主轴线的轨道运动。有利地,在将旋转活塞发动机作为内燃发动机使用时,这样的发动机与往复式发动机相比具有更大的平滑度。在一优选实施例中,该类型的旋转活塞发动机是汪克尔发动机。本发明也能够用在具有两个、三个或更多个相邻布置的活塞的旋转活塞发动机中。本发明还能够用在任何类型的内燃发动机中,优选用在往复式发动机中。
在特别有利的方式中,旋转活塞发动机在运行中具有更大的平滑度,从而不会由于振动而对机动车的乘客造成干扰。此外,相对于传统的奥托发动机或柴油发动机来说,旋转活塞发动机很大程度降低了噪音。最终,能够实现比利用往复式发动机高很多的旋转速度。
在本发明的另一有利实施例中,第一和/或第二机电能量转换器的转子额外包括质量避振器。
在本发明的意义上的质量避振器可被理解成由材料的压缩或拉伸吸收振动能量。由此伴随而来的能量损耗或单独的热能产生减弱了振动并且具有减振效果。优选地,质量避振器也被集成到第一和/或第二机电能量转换器的转子中。质量避振器能够将不能被减振消除的多余能量转换成热能。由此实现了振动的进一步减少。
附图说明
在下文基于附图对优选实施例的描述中得出本发明的上述以及其他优点、特征以及可能的应用。附图中示出:
图1是本发明的第一实施例的增程器的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的第二实施例的增程器1的示意图。
具体实施方式
将参考图1在下文中更加详细地描述本发明的第一实施例。在此,以增程器1的示例来描述本发明,所述增程器1具有作为内燃发动机3的旋转活塞发动机,所述旋转活塞发动机具有基本呈三角形的旋转活塞。在横截面中示出旋转活塞发动机3,其中,旋转活塞发动机3的阀盘在投影平面中旋转,使得能够分别看到阀盘的长短辐旋轮线形状(Trochoidenform)和旋转活塞或转子的三角形状。在此,轴8由圆形表示。旋转活塞发动机的旋转方向由围绕轴8的顺时针箭头表示,然而,旋转方向也可以是逆时针的。旋转活塞发动机3的轴8的扭转振动进一步由双箭头表示。
然而,所示实施例仅是示例性的。单元也可由任何其他类型的内燃发动机,特别是与往复式发动机,特别是与奥托发动机或柴油发动机运转。
优选地,增程器1具有旋转活塞发动机3和机电能量转换器2。优选地,轴8将旋转活塞发动机3联接到用于传送功率的机电能量转换器2。优选地,旋转活塞发动机3和第一机电能量转换器2因此也是同轴的,即,机电能量转换器2的转子5被安装在旋转活塞发动机3的轴上。
机电能量转换器3包括转子5和定子7a、7b,其中,转子5因发动机工作时的交替电磁场而转动。机电能量转换器2是电机,优选是极电机,优选是内部或外部极电机,甚至更加优选是同步电机,特别优选是自激励式同步电机,且最优选是磁阻电机。
机电能量转换器2可单纯被设计成发电机和/或发电机引擎。在发电机模式中,机电能量转换器从通过旋转活塞发动机3的轴8提供给其的扭矩而产生电能。在此,由第一机电能量转换器2的定子7a、7b中的转子5产生的电磁感应产生电能。电能通过功率电子设备10注入电路,特别注入电动车的直流电线路。可选地或附加地,然而电能可优选地被注入公共供电系统。
在旋转活塞发动机3的燃烧过程中发生扭转振动,所述扭转振动由时变扭矩激发并且与轴8重叠。这些扭转振动主要由旋转活塞发动机3中的气体和惯性力的主谐频引起。使用减振器6a、6b、6c,优选使用飞轮或双质量飞轮,来排除扭转振动。其被集成到第一机电能量转换器2的转子5中。这意味着,对于减振器6即使要求额外的部件,可通过将其集成到转子5中而以节省空间的方式被安置。因此,如图1所示的,转子5优选可以是双质量飞轮的第二飞轮质量。第一飞轮质量则优选直接安装到旋转活塞发动机3和第一机电能量转换器2的共同轴8上。对此更优选的是,将第一飞轮质量集成到轴8中,且最优选地,轴8就是第一飞轮质量。在此优选地,第一飞轮质量和第二飞轮质量通过钢或橡胶弹簧6b或任何其他类型的柔韧联接手段联接。
此外优选地,平衡质量9a也被集成到转子5中,其反平衡旋转活塞发动机3的各偏心轮或旋转活塞的不平衡质量。此外优选地,在图中未示出的用于吸收振动的质量避振器也被集成到转子5中。特别地,这能够通过布置在第一飞轮质量6a与第二飞轮质量6c之间的额外的弹性件来实现,利用其的压缩或拉伸将振动能量转换成其他形式的能量,优选转换成热能。
平衡质量也可分布在轴8的两端,此时则存在两部件平衡质量9a和9b。
从现在起参考图2描述本发明的增程器1的第二实施例。
优选地,第二实施例可与上述的图1的第一实施例结合。
第二实施例与第一实施例的不同在于,在第一机电能量转换器2的对面、相对于旋转活塞发动机3设置有另外的第二机电能量转换器4,其同样能够被联接到用于传送功率的旋转活塞发动机3的轴8上,优选与旋转活塞发动机3和/或第一机电能量转换器2同轴。第二机电能量转换器4也包括被集成到转子11中的减振器12a、12b、12c。此外优选地,平衡质量9b也被集成到转子11中,且该转子优选地也包括另一质量避振器,所述质量避震器用于消散额外的振动能量。第二机电能量转换器4的转子11也在定子13a、13b中转动,在这里在发电机工作期间产生电能。电能通过功率电子设备14也被注入到电路中,优选地被注入电动车14的直流电线路中。
优选地,根据本发明的增程器也能够用在建筑中作为块状单元电站或作为其他移动应用的发电机单元使用。
附图标记列表
增程器 1
第一机电能量转换器 2
旋转活塞发动机 3
第二机电能量转换器 4
第一机电能量转换器的转子 5
第一机电能量转换器的减振器 6a,6b,6c
第一机电能量转换器的定子 7a,7b
轴 8
平衡质量 9a,9b
功率电子设备 10,14
第二机电能量转换器的转子 11
第二机电能量转换器的减振器 12a,12b,12c
第二机电能量转换器的定子 13a,14a
Claims (8)
1.一种用于机动车的、特别用于电动车的增程器(1),其包括:
第一机电能量转换器(2);以及
内燃发动机(3),其能够联接到用于传送功率的第一机电能量转换器(2),其中,减振器(6a、6b、6c)被集成到第一机电能量转换器(2)的转子(5)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的增程器(1),其中,内燃发动机(3)被布置在第一机电能量转换器(2)与第二机电能量转换器(4)之间,其中,第二机电能量转换器(4)也被联接到用于传送功率的内燃发动机(2),和/或减振器(12a、12b、12c)被集成到第二机电能量转换器(4)的转子(11)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的增程器(1),其中,内燃发动机(3)是旋转活塞发动机。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的增程器(1),其中,减振器(6a、6b、6c、12a、12b、12c)是双质量飞轮。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的增程器(1),其中,在第一和/或第二机电能量转换器(2、4)的转子(5、11)中额外地集成了质量避振器。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的增程器(1),其中,通过共同的轴(8)实现联接。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的增程器(1),其中,第一和/或第二机电能量转换器(2、4)的转子(5、11)中额外地集成了平衡质量(9a、9b)。
8.一种机动车,特别是电动车,具有根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的增程器(1)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ATA50167/2012A AT512516B1 (de) | 2012-05-10 | 2012-05-10 | Vibrationsdämpfung für einen Range-Extender |
ATA50167/2012 | 2012-05-10 | ||
PCT/EP2013/001357 WO2013167266A2 (de) | 2012-05-10 | 2013-05-07 | Vibrationsdämpfung für einen range-extender |
Publications (1)
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CN104302505A true CN104302505A (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
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CN201380023686.XA Pending CN104302505A (zh) | 2012-05-10 | 2013-05-07 | 用于增程器的减振装置 |
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US (1) | US20150061291A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2847024A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2015519250A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104302505A (zh) |
AT (1) | AT512516B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013167266A2 (zh) |
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CN112677776B (zh) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-08-09 | 天津易众腾动力技术有限公司 | 增程式电动汽车增程系统功率安全控制方法 |
CN113619561B (zh) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-10-11 | 合众新能源汽车有限公司 | 增程器的启机和停机优化方法、系统和存储介质 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2847024A2 (de) | 2015-03-18 |
AT512516A4 (de) | 2013-09-15 |
AT512516B1 (de) | 2013-09-15 |
US20150061291A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
WO2013167266A3 (de) | 2014-08-07 |
WO2013167266A2 (de) | 2013-11-14 |
JP2015519250A (ja) | 2015-07-09 |
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