CN104285416B - 在存储区域网络中端接覆盖隧道的虚拟路由器 - Google Patents

在存储区域网络中端接覆盖隧道的虚拟路由器 Download PDF

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CN104285416B
CN104285416B CN201380015287.9A CN201380015287A CN104285416B CN 104285416 B CN104285416 B CN 104285416B CN 201380015287 A CN201380015287 A CN 201380015287A CN 104285416 B CN104285416 B CN 104285416B
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CN104285416A (zh
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P·科甘蒂
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4633—Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/58—Association of routers
    • H04L45/586—Association of routers of virtual routers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
    • H04L49/356—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for storage area networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/70—Virtual switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的一个实施例提供了一种虚拟路由网桥(271)和虚拟交换机(261)。这些模块包括隧道管理模块、分组处理器和转发模块。隧道管理模块将软件操作为能够端接覆盖隧道的隧道网关。在操作期间，被耦合到隧道管理模块的分组处理器在数据分组中标识与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟因特网协议(IP)地址。数据分组与覆盖隧道相关联。转发模块基于数据分组中的内部分组的目的地地址来确定用于该内部分组的输出端口。

Description

在存储区域网络中端接覆盖隧道的虚拟路由器
技术领域
本公开内容涉及网络管理。更具体地说，本公开内容涉及在架构式交换机(fabricswitch)中动态插入服务。
背景技术
因特网的指数增长已使其成为在实体和虚拟设备上运行的各种应用的流行递送介质。此类应用已带来对带宽的增长的需求。作为结果，设备供应商争相建造具有诸如虚拟机迁移感知之类的通用能力的更大和更快的交换机以高效地移动更多流量。然而，交换机的尺寸无法无限增长。仅举几个因素，其受到物理空间、功耗和设计复杂性的限制。另外，具有更高能力的交换机通常更加复杂和昂贵。更重要的是，因为过大和复杂的系统经常不提供规模经济，因此简单地增加交换机的尺寸和能力由于增加的每端口成本而可以证明是在经济上不可能成功的。
提高交换机系统的可扩展性的一种灵活方式是构建架构式交换机。架构式交换机是单独成员交换机的汇集。这些成员交换机构成可具有任意数目端口和任意拓扑的单个逻辑交换机。随着需求增长，客户可采用“按需付费”的方式来扩展架构式交换机的容量。
同时，第2层(例如，以太网)交换技术继续演进。传统上是第3层(例如，因特网协议或者IP)网络的特性的更多路由类功能正迁移到第2层中。尤其，多链接透明互联(TRILL)协议的最近开发允许以太网交换机更像路由设备地起作用。TRILL克服了强制在逻辑生成树拓扑中耦合第2层交换机以避免循环的传统生成树协议的固有低效率。TRILL通过在交换机中实现路由功能并且将跳计数包括在TRILL头部中而允许在没有循环风险的情况下在任意拓扑中耦合路由网桥(RBridge)。
因为因特网流量正变得更加多样，因此网络中的虚拟计算作为网络架构师的价值主张正逐渐变得更加重要。此外，虚拟计算的演进已经对网络提出了额外要求。例如，随着虚拟服务器的位置变得更加移动和动态，经常希望网络基础设施可以提供网络覆盖隧道来辅助虚拟服务器的位置改变。
尽管架构式交换机为网络带来了许多期望的特征，但是在有助于用来支持虚拟机迁移的网络覆盖隧道时某些问题仍未解决。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施例提供了一种交换机。该交换机包括隧道管理模块、分组处理器和转发模块。隧道管理模块将交换机操作为能够端接覆盖隧道的隧道网关。在操作期间，被耦合到隧道管理模块的分组处理器在数据分组中标识与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟因特网协议(IP)地址。这一虚拟隧道网关与交换机相关联并且数据分组与覆盖隧道相关联。转发模块基于数据分组中的内部分组的目的地地址来确定该内部分组的输出端口。
在这一实施例的一个变型中，控制一个或多个虚拟机的管理程序通过封装内部分组来发起覆盖隧道。
在这一实施例的一个变型中，分组处理器还在数据分组中标识被映射到虚拟IP地址的虚拟介质访问控制(MAC)地址。
在这一实施例的一个变型中，交换机还包括设备管理模块，其结合分组处理器进行操作并且为管理程序生成包括虚拟IP地址作为隧道网关地址的配置消息。
在另一变型中，配置消息中的虚拟IP地址还对应于缺省网关路由器。
在这一实施例的一个变型中，虚拟IP地址还与远程交换机相关联。这一远程交换机还作为隧道网关进行操作并且与虚拟隧道网关相关联。
在这一实施例的一个变型中，数据分组基于多链接透明互联(TRILL)协议被封装。在这种情形下，分组处理器还在数据分组中标识与交换机相关联的虚拟路由网桥(RBridge)标识符。
在这一实施例的一个变型中，交换机还包括维持架构式交换机中的成员资格的架构式交换机管理模块。这种架构式交换机容纳多个交换机并且作为单个逻辑交换机进行操作。
在另一变型中，分组处理器将内部分组标识为广播、未知单播或者多播分组。作为响应，隧道管理模块基于以下各项中的一个或多个来选择架构式交换机中用来分发内部分组的多播树：多播群组成员资格、虚拟局域网(VLAN)成员资格和网络负载。
在这一实施例的一个变型中，隧道管理模块结合分组处理器进行操作以经由由与虚拟机相关联的第一管理程序发起的隧道得知该虚拟机的MAC地址。
在另一变型中，隧道管理模块结合分组处理器进行操作以响应于从与第二管理程序相关联的虚拟机接收到具有未知目的地的数据帧而为该第二管理程序构建包括该第一管理程序的IP地址的消息。
附图说明
图1A图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有虚拟隧道网关的示例性架构式交换机。
图1B图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的与结合图1A中的示例的架构式交换机的相应成员交换机相关联的虚拟隧道网关。
图2A图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有虚拟隧道网关的架构式交换机的示例性配置。
图2B图示了根据本发明一个实施例的使架构式交换机中的多个成员交换机耦合的示例性多交换干线(multi-switch trunk)。
图3A呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机的有助于对经由边缘端口被发现的管理程序的动态配置的过程的流程图。
图3B呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机的有助于对经由交换机间端口被发现的管理程序的动态配置的过程的流程图。
图4A呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机的对经由边缘端口被接收到的帧进行转发的过程的流程图。
图4B呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机的对经由交换机间端口被接收到的帧进行转发的过程的流程图。
图5图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有虚拟隧道网关的架构式交换机中的广播、未知单播和多播流量的示例性处理。
图6呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员隧道网关的对广播、未知单播和多播流量进行处理的过程的流程图。
图7图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的与虚拟成员隧道网关相关联的示例性成员交换机。
在附图中，相似的标号指代相同的附图元素。
具体实施方式
以下描述是为了使得本领域任何技术人员能够做出和使用本发明而被呈现的，并且是在特定应用及其要求的情境下被提供的。对所公开的实施例的各种修改对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的，并且在此定义的一般原理可被应用于其他实施例和应用而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明不限于示出的实施例，而是将被给予与权利要求一致的最广范围。
概览
在本发明的实施例中，有助于架构式交换机中的覆盖隧传的问题通过将架构式交换机的一个或多个成员交换机操作为被虚拟化为一个虚拟隧道网关的隧道网关(其可被称作成员隧道网关)被解决。为了实现网络设备(例如，服务器和交换机)的高利用率，管理程序经常需要对位于其VLAN之外并且无法与管理程序建立隧道的实体和虚拟设备进行通信。例如，网络的缺省路由器可能支持不同的隧传技术或者可能不支持隧传。隧道网关允许管理程序在不需要来自期望目的地的任何隧道支持的情况下越过其VLAN边界进行通信。每当管理程序需要越过其VLAN边界进行通信时，管理程序发起并建立与隧道网关的覆盖隧道，隧道网关转而与期望目的地通信。
由于大量管理程序可与单个网络相关联，因此网络的隧道网关可成为瓶颈。为了减少瓶颈，网络可包括多个隧道网关。结果，相应的管理程序需要配置来建立与隧道网关的关联。例如，如果网络具有三个隧道网关，则相应的管理程序被配置为与三个隧道网关之一相关联。另外，如果管理程序的数目增加，则现有的隧道网关可再次成为瓶颈。当附加的隧道网关被添加到网络以减少瓶颈时，管理程序需要重新配置。类似地，当隧道网关发生故障时，与发生故障的隧道网关相关联的管理程序需要被重新指派给现有的隧道网关。此类配置和重新配置可以是乏味的、重复的和易于出错的。
为了解决这一问题，作为架构式交换机中的成员隧道网关的成员交换机将整个架构式交换机作为一个单个逻辑隧道网关呈现给本地管理程序。成员隧道网关被虚拟化为虚拟成员交换机和虚拟成员隧道网关。不是成员隧道网关的其他成员交换机将虚拟网关交换机视为与成员隧道网关相耦合的另一成员交换机。同时，本地管理程序将虚拟成员隧道网关视为本地隧道网关。虚拟成员隧道网关与虚拟因特网协议(IP)地址和虚拟介质访问控制(MAC)地址相关联。相应的成员隧道网关将这些虚拟地址视为本地地址。
与架构式交换机相耦合的相应管理程序被动态地配置为将虚拟成员隧道网关视为用于该管理程序的隧道网关。这允许整个架构式交换机充当分布式隧道网关。作为结果，管理程序可以与关联于虚拟成员隧道网关的架构式交换机中的成员隧道网关中的任何成员隧道网关建立覆盖隧道；并且成员隧道网关可在不重新配置本地管理程序的情况下被动态地添加到架构式交换机或者被从架构式交换机移除。以这种方式，具有虚拟隧道网关的架构式交换机以可扩展的方式支持大量隧道。
在一些实施例中，架构式交换机是以太网架构式交换机。在以太网架构式交换机中，耦合在任意拓扑中的任意数目的交换机可在逻辑上作为单个交换机操作。任何新交换机可在没有任何手动配置的“即插即用”模式中加入或者离开架构式交换机。架构式交换机对外部设备表现为单个逻辑交换机。在一些另外的实施例中，架构式交换机是多链接透明互联(TRILL)网络并且架构式交换机的相应成员交换机是TRILL路由网桥(RBridge)。
尽管本公开内容使用基于TRILL协议的示例被呈现，但是本发明的实施例不限于使用TRILL定义的网络或者特定开放系统互联参考模型(OSI参考模型)层。例如，本发明的实施例也可被应用于多协议标签交换(MPLS)网络。在本公开内容中，术语“架构式交换机”在一般意义上被使用，并且可以指代在任何联网层、子层或者联网层的组合中操作的网络。
术语“外部设备”可指代被耦合到架构式交换机的设备。外部设备可以是主机、服务器、传统的第2层交换机、第3层路由器或者任何其他类型的设备。此外，外部设备可被耦合到远离网络的其他交换机或者主机。外部设备也可以是供多个网络设备进入网络的聚合点。术语“设备”和“机器”被可交换地使用。
术语“管理程序”在一般意义上被使用，并且可以指代任何虚拟机管理器。创建并且运行虚拟机的任何软件、固件或者硬件可以是“管理程序”。术语“虚拟机”也在一般意义上被使用并且可以指代机器或者设备的软件实现方式。可以执行类似于物理设备的软件程序的任何虚拟设备可以是“虚拟机”。管理程序在其上运行一个或多个虚拟机的主外部设备可被称作“主机”。
术语“隧道”指代其中使用另一联网协议来封装一个或多个网络协议的数据通信。尽管本公开内容使用基于第2层协议的第3层封装的示例被呈现，但是“隧道”不应当被解释为将本发明的实施例限制于第2层和第3层协议。可以针对任何联网层、子层或者联网层的组合建立“隧道”。
术语“帧”指代可被跨网络一起传输的一组比特。“帧”不应当被解释为将本发明的实施例限制于第2层网络。“帧”可被诸如“分组”、“信元”或者“数据报”之类的指代一组比特的其他术语代替。
术语“交换机”在一般意义上被使用，并且其可以指代在任何网络层中操作的任何独立交换机或者架构式交换机。“交换机”不应当被解释为将本发明的实施例限制于第2层网络。任何可以将流量转发给外部设备或者另一交换机的设备可被称作“交换机”。“交换机”的示例包括但不限于第2层交换机、第3层路由器、TRILL RBridge或者包括多个类似或者异构的更小物理交换机的架构式交换机。
术语“RBridge”指代路由网桥，其是实现如在通过引用结合于此的可在http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6325处获得的因特网工程任务组(IETF)注释请求(RFC)“路由网桥(RBridge)：基本协议规范(Routing Bridges(RBridges):Base ProtocolSpecification)”中描述的TRILL协议的网桥。本发明的实施例不限于RBridge当中的应用。其他类型的交换机、路由器和转发器也可被使用。
术语“边缘端口”指代架构式交换机中的与架构式交换机外部的外部设备交换数据帧的端口。术语“交换机间端口”指代将架构式交换机的成员交换机与另一成员交换机相耦合的端口并且被用于在成员交换机之间交换数据帧。
术语“交换机标识符”指代可被用来标识交换机的一组比特。如果交换机是RBridge，则交换机标识符可以是“RBridge标识符”。TRILL标准使用“RBridge ID”来表示被指派给RBridge的48位中间系统到中间系统(IS-IS)ID，并且使用“RBridge昵称”来表示用作用于“RBridge ID”的缩写的16位值。在本公开内容中，“交换机标识符”被用作一般术语，不限于任何比特格式，并且可以指代可以标识交换机的任何格式。术语“RBridge标识符”在一般意义上被使用，不限于任何比特格式，并且可以指代“RBridge ID”、“RBridge昵称”或者可以标识RBridge的任何其他格式。
术语“架构式交换机”指代形成单个、可扩展逻辑交换机的多个互连的物理交换机。在架构式交换机中，任何数目的交换机可被以任意拓扑连接，并且交换机的整个组一起作为单个逻辑交换机起作用。这一特征使得可能使用许多更小、廉价的交换机来构造在外部可被看作单个逻辑交换机的大型架构式交换机。
网络架构
图1A图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有虚拟隧道网关的示例性架构式交换机。如图1A中所示，架构式交换机100包括成员交换机101、102、103、104和105。交换机101被耦合到服务电器(appliance)132和第3层路由器134；并且交换机102被耦合到第3层路由器134和物理交换机136。电器132可以向架构式交换机100提供服务，诸如防火墙保护、负载均衡和指令检测。架构式交换机100中的成员交换机经由路由器134将帧发送到架构式交换机100外部。交换机136可被耦合到其他设备，诸如高性能数据库。架构式交换机100中的成员交换机使用边缘端口向外部设备通信并且使用交换机间端口向其他成员交换机通信。例如，交换机102经由边缘端口被耦合到诸如路由器134和交换机136之类的外部设备，并且经由交换机间端口被耦合到交换机101、103、104和105。
交换机101和102还作为架构式交换机100中的隧道网关(即，成员隧道网关101和102)进行操作。交换机101和102被虚拟化为虚拟网关交换机150。交换机103、104和105将虚拟网关交换机150视为经由交换机101和102可到达的另一成员交换机。虚拟网关交换机150对于被耦合到架构式交换机100的管理程序还被虚拟化为虚拟成员隧道网关150。因此，术语“成员交换机”和“成员隧道网关”被可交换地用于虚拟网关交换机150以及相关联的成员交换机101和102。虚拟隧道网关150与虚拟IP地址和虚拟MAC地址相关联。成员隧道网关101和102相互结合地与这些虚拟地址相关联。结果，成员隧道网关101和102将这些虚拟地址视为本地地址。在一些实施例中，架构式交换机100是TRILL网络；交换机101、102、103、104和105是RBridge；并且经由交换机间端口被传输和接收的数据帧被封装在TRILL头部中。在这种情形下，虚拟成员隧道网关150可以是具有虚拟RBridge标识符的虚拟RBridge。架构式交换机中的交换机虚拟化及其相关操作(诸如数据帧转发)在公开内容被整体结合于此的题为“Redundant Host Connection in a Routed Network”的美国专利公开第2010/0246388号中被具体说明。
主机112和114被分别耦合到交换机103和105。在工作期间，交换机103发现主机112的管理程序。交换机103然后利用与虚拟成员隧道网关150相关联的虚拟IP地址以及可选的虚拟MAC地址向管理程序发送配置消息。在一些实施例中，交换机103向虚拟网关交换机150转发管理程序信息。交换机101或者102接收该信息并且经由交换机103向管理程序发送配置消息。响应于接收到配置消息，管理程序被动态地配置以虚拟IP地址作为隧道网关地址。以相同方式，主机114中的管理程序也被配置以虚拟IP地址作为隧道网关地址。这允许架构式交换机100充当由虚拟成员隧道网关150代表的分布式隧道网关。
假设主机112中的虚拟机122发起跨越其VLAN边界的数据通信并且向路由器134发送相关联的数据帧。主机112中的管理程序通过将该帧封装在以虚拟IP地址作为目的地IP地址的第3层分组中来为该帧发起覆盖隧道。这种隧道的示例包括但不限于虚拟可扩展局域网(VXLAN)、通用路由封装(GRE)及其变型，诸如使用GRE的网络虚拟化(NVGRE)和开放虚拟交换(openvSwitch)GRE。主机112中的管理程序可以进一步将分组封装在以虚拟MAC地址作为目的地MAC地址的以太网帧中，并且向虚拟成员隧道网关150转发该帧。
响应于接收到该帧，出口交换机103将目的地MAC地址标识为与虚拟网关交换机150相关联。交换机103将虚拟网关交换机150视为另一成员交换机并且将该帧转发给交换机101。响应于接收到该帧，交换机101将虚拟IP和MAC地址识别为本地地址、提取内部分组并且基于内部分组的转发信息将内部分组转发给路由器134。类似地，如果主机114中的虚拟机124向交换机136发送帧，则主机114中的管理程序通过将该帧封装在以虚拟IP地址作为目的地IP地址的第3层分组中来隧传该帧。交换机103接收该帧、将虚拟IP和MAC地址识别为本地地址、提取内部分组并且基于内部分组的转发信息将内部分组转发给交换机136。
假设虚拟机122需要从主机112经由路由器134迁移到远程位置。主机112的管理程序通过将与迁移相关联的数据封装在以虚拟成员隧道网关150的虚拟IP地址作为目的地地址的IP分组中来隧传该数据。在另一方面，如果虚拟机122需要从主机112迁移到主机114，则主机112的管理程序可以简单地将相关联的数据发送给主机114的管理程序，只要它们被配置以相同VLAN即可。如果虚拟隧道网关150也作为用于主机112和114的管理程序的缺省路由器进行操作，则主机112的管理程序可以经由缺省路由器150将相关联的数据直接隧传给主机114的管理程序。成员隧道网关101和102一旦检测到来自隧道的不活动就可以老化移出来自主机112和114的管理程序的隧道。在一些实施例中，成员隧道网关101和102维持用来指示一段时间内的活动或者不活动的相应隧道的活动比特。
图1B图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的与结合图1A中的示例的架构式交换机的相应成员交换机相关联的虚拟隧道网关。因为整个架构式交换机100表现为由虚拟成员隧道网关150代表的单个隧道网关，因此另一成员隧道网关可被动态地添加到架构式交换机100。在一些实施例中，现有的成员交换机也可被配置为成员隧道网关。在图1B的示例中，交换机103、104和105也被配置为成员隧道网关。交换机103、104和105变为与虚拟网关交换机150相关联，并且建立与对应的虚拟IP地址和虚拟MAC地址的关联。主机112和114的管理程序通过使用虚拟IP地址对帧进行封装来简单地继续隧传帧。结果，当主机112中的管理程序向虚拟成员隧道网关150隧传帧时，出口交换机103将虚拟IP和MAC地址识别为本地地址、提取内部帧并且基于该内部帧的转发信息将帧转发给路由器134。
网络配置
图2A图示出根据本发明的一个实施例的具有虚拟隧道网关的架构式交换机的示例性配置。在这一示例中，架构式交换机200包括交换机212、214和216。架构式交换机200还包括各自具有可被耦合到外部设备的多个边缘端口的交换机202、204、222和224。例如，交换机202和204经由以太网边缘端口被与主机250和260相耦合。交换机222和224被耦合到可以是任何局域网或者广域网的网络240，诸如因特网。主机250包括由管理程序252管理的虚拟机254、256和258。主机260包括由管理程序262管理的虚拟机264、266和268。主机250和260中的虚拟机经由其相应的虚拟端口分别在逻辑上耦合被到虚拟交换机251和261。例如，虚拟机254和264分别经由虚拟端口253和263而被分别耦合到虚拟交换机251和261。
在一些实施例中，架构式交换机200中的交换机是TRILL RBridge并且使用TRILL协议相互通信。这些RBridge具有用于与架构式交换机200中的其他TRILL RBridge连接的基于TRILL的交换机间端口。虽然架构式交换机200中的物理交换机被标注为“TRILLRBridge”，它们在它们被光纤通道(FC)交换机架构控制平台控制的意义上不同于传统的TRILL RBridge。换言之，交换机地址的指派、连接发现和维持、拓扑收敛、路由和转发可以由对应的FC协议处理。特别地，每个TRILL RBridge的交换机ID或者昵称被从对应的FC交换机域ID映射，该FC交换机域ID可以在交换机加入架构式交换机200时被自动指派(这在逻辑上类似于FC交换机架构)。
注意，TRILL仅用作架构式交换机200内的交换机之间的传输。这是因为TRILL可以容易地容纳原生以太网帧。另外，TRILL标准提供了可以在具有任意拓扑的任何路由的网络中使用的即用型转发机制(尽管架构式交换机200中的实际路由通过FC交换机架构协议被完成)。本发明的实施例不应被限制于仅使用TRILL作为传输。公共或者私有的其他协议(诸如多协议标签交换(MPLS)或者因特网协议(IP))也可被用于传输。
在图2中的示例中，RBridge 222和224也是成员隧道网关。在一些实施例中，相应的成员隧道网关能够处理第3层(例如，IP)分组以有助于通过第2层和TRILL网络的第3层覆盖隧道。RBridge222和224被虚拟化为具有虚拟RBridge标识符232的虚拟RBridge230(其对应于虚拟网关交换机)。RBridge 222和224与虚拟RBridge标识符232相关联。RBridge 202、204、212、214和216将虚拟RBridge230视为经由RBridge 222和224可到达的另一成员交换机。虚拟RBridge 230作为虚拟成员隧道网关被呈现给管理程序252和262。因此，术语“RBridge”和“成员隧道网关”被可交换地用于虚拟RBridge 230以及相关联的RBridge 222和224。虚拟隧道网关230与虚拟IP地址236和虚拟MAC地址234相关联。成员隧道网关222和224与虚拟IP地址236和虚拟MAC地址234相关联。结果，成员隧道网关222和224将虚拟IP地址236和虚拟MAC地址234视为本地地址。
在操作期间，RBridge 202发现管理程序252。RBridge 202然后向管理程序252发送包括虚拟IP地址236和可选的虚拟MAC地址234的配置消息。如果未被提供，则管理程序252可以通过发送具有虚拟IP地址236的地址解析协议(ARP)查询来获得虚拟MAC地址234。RBridge 222或者224可以解析ARP查询并且发送包括MAC地址234的响应。管理架构式交换机中的虚拟IP地址和虚拟MAC地址及其相关联的操作(诸如ARP查询解析)，在公开内容整体结合于此的题为“Layer-3Support in TRILL Networks”的美国专利申请13/312,903中得到具体说明。在一些实施例中，RBridge 202向虚拟RBridge 230转发管理程序信息，并且作为响应，RBridge 222或者224经由交换机202向管理程序252发送配置消息。
响应于接收到配置消息，管理程序252将虚拟IP地址236配置为隧道网关地址，其也可以是用于管理程序252的缺省路由器IP地址。在一些实施例中，RBridge 222可以使用动态主机配置协议(DHCP)以用于提供配置信息。类似地，响应于接收到来自RBridge204的配置消息，管理程序262将虚拟IP地址236配置为用于管理程序262的隧道网关地址。假设虚拟机254向网络240发送帧。管理程序252通过将该帧封装在以虚拟IP地址236作为目的地IP地址的第3层分组中来经由虚拟网关251隧传该帧。管理程序252进一步将该分组封装在以虚拟MAC地址234作为目的地MAC地址的以太网帧中，并且将该帧转发给RBridge 202。响应于接收到该帧，出口RBridge 202将虚拟MAC地址234标识为与经由RBridge 222和224可到达的虚拟RBridge 230相关联。RBridge 202然后将该帧封装在以虚拟RBridge标识符232作为出口RBridge标识符的TRILL分组中并且向虚拟RBridge 230转发该帧。
TRILL分组由中间RBridge 212和214之一接收到，并且基于架构式交换机200中的TRILL路由被转发给RBridge 222或者224。假设RBridge 222接收到TRILL分组。RBridge222将虚拟RBridge标识符232标识为出口RBridge标识符并且将虚拟RBridge标识符232识别为本地RBridge标识符。RBridge 222移除TRILL封装并且提取第2层帧。RBridge 222将虚拟MAC地址234标识为帧的目的地MAC地址并且将虚拟MAC地址234识别为本地MAC地址。因为RBridge222具有IP处理能力，因此RBridge 222随后将该帧中的分组提升到上层(例如，IP层)。
RBridge 222将虚拟IP地址232标识为分组的目的地IP地址，将虚拟IP地址232识别为本地IP地址，并且提取内部帧。RBridge 222因而移除管理程序252的隧传封装。RBridge 222然后基于内部帧的转发信息将内部帧转发给网络240。以这种方式，整个架构式交换机200作为用于管理程序252的隧道网关进行操作。
当RBridge 222移除隧传封装时，RBridge 222从内部帧得知虚拟机254的MAC地址。在一些实施例中，RBridge 222直接从隧道封装分组得知虚拟机254的MAC地址。RBridge222也可以得知其他相关联的信息，诸如管理程序252的MAC和IP地址，以及与帧相关联的外部和内部VLAN。在一些实施例中，RBridge 222与架构式交换机200中诸如RBridge 224的其他成员隧道网关共享得知的信息。RBridge 224可将从RBridge 222接收到的信息视为从本地端接的隧道得知的。
以这种方式，RBridge 222和224也得知虚拟机256、258、264、266和268的MAC地址(以及相关联的信息)。在一些实施例中，RBridge 222和224与架构式交换机200的余部共享得知的MAC地址。RBridge 222和224也可以与架构式交换机200的余部共享得知的相关联的信息。结果，每当架构式交换机200的任何成员交换机得知MAC地址时，所有其他成员交换机也得知该MAC地址。在一些实施例中，交换机202和204使用内部控制消息来共享得知的MAC地址。
在一些实施例中，架构式交换机200中的所有RBridge作为成员隧道网关进行操作并且与虚拟RBridge 230相关联。在这种情形下，RBridge 202移除管理程序252的隧传封装并且提取内部帧。RBridge202将网络240识别为经由RBridge 222和224可到达。RBridge202然后将内部帧封装在TRILL分组中并且向RBridge 222和224之一转发TRILL封装的内部帧。如果管理程序252正向网络240发送多个帧，则RBridge 202可以使用等成本多路径(ECMP)。因此，当RBridge 202和204选择经由RBridge 222和224向虚拟RBridge 230发送TRILL封装的数据帧时可实现多路径。
图2B图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的使架构式交换机中的多个成员交换机耦合的示例性多交换干线。如图2B中所示，RBridge202和204被配置为对于主机250和260以及管理程序252和262在特殊“干线化模式”下操作。管理程序252和262将RBridge 202和204看作具有对应虚拟RBridge标识符272的公共虚拟RBridge270。管理程序252和262被认为经由由虚线代表的逻辑链接在逻辑上耦合到虚拟RBridge 270。虚拟RBridge 270被认为可选地利用(也由虚线代表的)零成本链接而在逻辑上耦合到RBridge 202和204两者。
在转发来自管理程序252和262的数据帧时，RBridge 202和204使用TRILL协议来封装帧并且将虚拟RBridge标识符272指派为入口RBridge标识符。作为结果，架构式交换机200中的其他RBridge得知管理程序252和262以及其对应的虚拟机经由虚拟RBridge 270可到达。在以下描述中，参与链接聚合的RBridge被称作“伙伴RBridge”。因为两个伙伴RBridge作为单个逻辑RBridge起作用，因此被相应RBridge得知的MAC地址可到达性被与其他伙伴RBridge共享。例如，在正常操作期间，虚拟机254可能选择仅经由通往RBridge 202的链接来发送其外出数据帧。作为结果，只有RBridge 202将得知虚拟机254的MAC地址。这一信息随后被RBridge 202经由其相应的交换机间端口与RBridge 204共享。在一些实施例中，RBridge 202和204可以(可选地经由零成本链接)公告其到虚拟RBridge 270的相应连通性。因此，当其他RBridge选择经由RBridge 202和204向虚拟RBridge 270(其在帧中被标记为出口RBridge)发送数据帧时可以实现多路径。
注意，虚拟RBridge 270与虚拟RBridge 230不同。虚拟RBridge230将架构式交换机200中的成员隧道网关(即，网关交换机)表示为单个逻辑交换机，并且除了虚拟RBridge标识符232之外通常与虚拟MAC地址234和虚拟IP地址236相关联。在另一方面，虚拟RBridge270将多交换干线表示为经由虚拟RBridge 270的一个逻辑连接，并且与虚拟RBridge标识符272相关联。架构式交换机200可以具有与不同多交换干线相关联的多个虚拟RBridge。
动态配置
在图2A中的示例中，响应于检测到管理程序252，RBridge 222向管理程序252动态地提供配置信息，诸如虚拟IP地址236。管理程序252然后将虚拟IP地址236配置为隧道网关地址，其也可以是用于管理程序252的缺省路由器IP地址。图3A呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机的有助于对经由边缘端口发现的管理程序的动态配置的过程的流程图。响应于经由边缘端口检测到新管理程序(操作302)，交换机检查本地交换机是否为隧道网关(操作304)。在一些实施例中，交换机检查本地交换机是否与虚拟IP地址相关联以确定本地交换机是否为隧道网关。
如果本地交换机不是隧道网关(操作304)，则交换机标识也是虚拟隧道网关的虚拟网关交换机(操作312)。交换机构建包括检测到的管理程序信息的通知消息(操作314)并且利用虚拟网关交换机的虚拟标识符作为出口交换机标识符来封装该通知消息(操作316)。在一些实施例中，通知消息被封装在TRILL分组中并且虚拟标识符是虚拟RBridge标识符。交换机然后向虚拟网关交换机发送经封装的消息(操作318)。
如果本地交换机是隧道网关，则交换机知到虚拟IP地址和虚拟MAC地址。交换机然后为管理程序构建包括虚拟IP地址作为隧道网关地址的配置消息(操作322)。这一配置消息可以是第2层通知/控制消息。在一些实施例中，交换机使用DHCP来发送配置消息。配置消息也可以指示虚拟IP地址作为用于管理程序的缺省路由器地址。交换机在操作上可以将虚拟IP地址与对应的虚拟MAC地址之间的映射包括在配置消息中(操作324)。如果未被包括，则响应于接收到配置消息，管理程序可以通过发送具有虚拟IP地址的ARP查询来获得虚拟MAC地址。交换机然后向耦合管理程序的边缘端口传输配置消息(操作326)。
图3B呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机的有助于对经由交换机间端口发现的管理程序的动态配置的过程的流程图。响应于经由交换机间端口接收到来自远程入口成员交换机的通知消息(操作352)，交换机对该通知消息进行解封(操作354)。在一些实施例中，交换机移除TRILL和/或FC头部以对通知消息进行解封。交换机检查该通知消息是否用于新管理程序(操作356)。如果不是，则交换机基于通知消息中的信息采取动作(操作358)。
如果通知消息用于新管理程序(操作356)，则交换机构建包括虚拟IP地址作为用于管理程序的隧道网关地址的配置消息(操作362)。该配置消息还可以指示虚拟IP地址作为用于管理程序的缺省路由器地址。交换机可选地可以将虚拟IP地址与对应的虚拟MAC地址之间的映射包括在配置消息中(操作364)。交换机以远程成员交换机标识符作为出口交换机标识符来封装配置消息(操作366)。在一些实施例中，通知消息被封装在TRILL分组中并且远程成员交换机标识符是RBridge标识符。交换机然后向出口交换机发送经封装的消息(操作368)。
帧转发
图4A呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机对经由边缘端口从管理程序接收到的帧进行转发的过程的流程图。交换机经由边缘端口接收来自管理程序的数据帧(操作402)并且获得接收到的帧的目的地MAC地址(操作404)。如果该帧具有隧道封装，则目的地MAC地址是与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟MAC地址。交换机检查MAC地址是否为本地地址(操作406)。例如，如果交换机是成员隧道网关，则虚拟MAC地址是本地地址。如果目的地MAC地址是本地的，则交换机将帧提升到上层(例如，第3层)并且提取内部封装的分组(操作408)并且获得所提取分组的IP地址(操作412)。
所提取分组的目的地IP地址是与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟IP地址。交换机检查目的地IP地址是否为本地地址(操作414)。例如，如果交换机是成员隧道网关，则虚拟IP地址是本地地址。如果IP地址是本地的，则交换机终结隧道封装(即，对帧进行解封)(操作422)。交换机提取内部帧(操作424)并且基于内部帧的目的地地址来转发内部帧(操作426)，如结合图2A描述的那样。如果IP地址不是本地的(操作414)，则交换机被不正确地配置。如果交换机被配置以虚拟MAC地址，则交换机也应当被配置以对应的虚拟IP地址。交换机可以可选地记录与虚拟IP地址配置相关联的错误(操作416)。
如果MAC地址不与交换机相关联(操作406)，则帧可以是没有任何隧道封装的常规第2层帧。交换机标识与目的地MAC地址相关联的出口交换机(操作428)。因为架构式交换机中的相应成员交换机与其他成员交换机共享得知的MAC地址，因此交换机可以知道与MAC地址相关联的出口交换机。交换机使用出口交换机的标识符来封装帧(操作430)。在一些实施例中，交换机将帧封装在TRILL分组中并且将与出口交换机相关联的RBridge标识符指派为出口RBridge标识符。交换机然后向出口交换机转发帧(操作432)。
图4B呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员交换机对经由交换机间端口接收到的帧进行转发的过程的流程图。交换机经由交换机间端口接收到经封装帧(操作452)并且检查出口交换机标识符是否为本地标识符(操作454)。这一本地标识符可以是虚拟交换机标识符。如果不是，则交换机基于出口交换机标识符向出口交换机转发该帧(操作468)。如果可以是虚拟交换机标识符的标识符是本地的，则交换机对帧进行解封(操作456)。在一些实施例中，帧封装基于TRILL协议并且出口交换机标识符是虚拟RBridge标识符。
如果帧具有隧道封装，则经解封帧的目的地MAC地址是与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟MAC地址。交换机检查目的地MAC地址是否为本地地址(操作458)。例如，如果交换机是成员隧道网关，则虚拟MAC地址是本地地址。如果目的地MAC地址不是本地的，则帧以本地耦合的外部设备为目的地，并且交换机将经解封帧转发给本地耦合的外部设备(操作470)。如果MAC地址是本地的，则交换机将帧提升到上层并且提取内部经封装分组(操作460)，并且获得所提取分组的IP地址(操作462)。
所提取分组的目的地IP地址是与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟IP地址。交换机检查IP地址是否为本地地址(操作464)。例如，如果交换机是成员隧道网关，则虚拟IP地址是本地地址。如果IP地址是本地的，则交换机终结隧道封装(操作472)。交换机提取内部分组(操作474)并且基于内部分组的目的地地址来转发内部分组(操作476)，正如结合图2A描述的。如果目的地IP地址不是本地的，则交换机被不正确地配置。如果交换机被配置以虚拟MAC地址，则交换机也应当被配置以虚拟IP地址。交换机可以可选地记录与虚拟IP地址配置相关联的错误(操作466)。
广播、未知单播和多播服务器
通常广播、未知单播或者多播流量(其可被称作“BUM”流量)被分发给多个接收者。为了易于部署，管理程序通常制作属于这种流量的数据帧的多个副本并且单独地单播数据帧。这经常导致管理程序的处理能力的低效使用，尤其在大规模的部署中。为了解决这一问题，具有虚拟隧道网关的架构式交换机可以有助于这种流量的高效分发。图5图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的在具有虚拟隧道网关的架构式交换机中对广播、未知单播和多播流量的示例性处理。如图5中所示，架构式交换机500包括成员交换机501、501、503、504和505。架构式交换机500中的成员交换机使用边缘端口对外部设备通信并且使用交换机间端口对其他成员交换机通信。
架构式交换机500中的相应成员交换机作为成员隧道网关进行操作。交换机501、501、503、504和505对于主机520、530、540、550、560和570中的管理程序522、532、542、552、562和572被分别虚拟化为虚拟成员隧道网关510。虚拟隧道网关510与虚拟IP地址和虚拟MAC地址相关联。所有成员隧道网关将这些虚拟地址视为本地地址。在一些实施例中，架构式交换机500是TRILL网络；交换机501、501、503、504和505是RBridge；并且经由交换机间端口传输和接收的数据帧使用TRILL协议被封装。在这种情形下，虚拟成员隧道网关510可以是具有虚拟RBridge标识符的虚拟RBridge。
为了有助于多播流量分发，架构式交换机500维持用于与管理程序522、532、542、552、562和572相关联的相应多播群组的状态。注意，这种状态与被耦合到架构的虚拟机的数目不成比例，而是取决于与虚拟机相关联的多播群组和VLAN的数目。架构式交换机500中的相应成员隧道网关知道相应管理程序的VLAN和多播群组关联。当虚拟机发送用于多播群组的加入或者离开请求时，对应的管理程序将该请求隧传到虚拟隧道网关510的虚拟IP地址。
在一些实施例中，相应的管理程序实现多播代理服务器(例如，因特网组管理协议(IGMP)代理服务器)并且仅发送与具体多播群组相关联的第一加入和最后离开请求。例如，如果虚拟机554、556和558发送用于多播群组的加入请求，则管理程序552仅向虚拟成员隧道网关510发送第一加入请求。在另一方面，如果虚拟机554和558发送用于多播群组的离开请求，则管理程序552因为虚拟机556继续接收用于多播群组的流量而不发出离开请求。然而，当虚拟机556发送用于多播群组的离开请求时，管理程序552将其识别为最后离开请求并且向虚拟成员隧道网关510转发该离开请求。
在操作期间，虚拟机524、546和564变成多播群组的成员。当交换机503接收到来自多播路由器580的多播帧时，路由器503经由多播树592来转发该帧。作为结果，架构式交换机中的相应交换机接收到该帧。交换机502、503和505将该帧传输给对应的管理程序522、542和562，而交换机501和504丢弃该帧。在一些实施例中，交换机503将虚拟机524、546和564标识为多播群组的成员，并且经由仅包括交换机502、503和505的多播树596来转发该帧。
在一些实施例中，架构式交换机500作为ARP服务器进行操作。当虚拟机534发送ARP请求时，代替广播(即，单播多个副本)，管理程序532向虚拟成员隧道网关510隧传该请求的单个副本。也是成员隧道网关的交换机505接收该请求并且对其进行解封，正如结合图2A和图2B描述的。交换机505然后经由多播树592在架构式交换机500中分发该请求。类似地，当虚拟机574发送ARP请求时，管理程序572向虚拟成员隧道网关510隧传该请求的单个副本。交换机501接收该请求并且经由不同的多播树594在架构式交换机500中分发该帧。以这种方式，架构式交换机500中的成员隧道网关跨多个多播树对广播、未知单播或者多播流量进行负载均衡。多播树的选择还可以取决于成员交换机的VLAN成员资格。
图6呈现了图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的成员隧道网关对广播、未知单播和多播流量进行处理的过程的流程图。成员隧道网关从管理程序接收作为广播、未知单播或者多播流量流的一部分的分组(操作602)。这一分组被封装以虚拟成员隧道网关的虚拟MAC和IP地址，正如结合图5描述的。成员隧道网关终结隧道封装并且提取内部分组(操作604)，正如结合图4A和图4B描述的。成员隧道网关检查该分组是否为多播分组(操作606)。如果是，则成员隧道网关基于多播群组和网络负载来选择架构式交换机中的多播树(操作608)。
如果分组不是多播分组，则成员隧道网关检查分组是否为广播分组(操作610)。例如，来自管理程序的ARP请求是封装在第3层分组中的第2层广播帧。如果分组不是广播分组，则成员隧道网关检查分组是否为未知目的地的帧(操作620)。如果分组不是未知目的地的帧(即，成员隧道网关已经得知目的地MAC地址)，则成员隧道网关发送回目的地MAC地址和对应IP地址(其可以是管理程序IP地址)的映射(操作622)并且基于目的地MAC地址来转发帧(操作624)。例如，MAC地址可以与远程成员交换机相关联。成员隧道网关向该远程成员交换机转发帧。
如果分组是广播分组(操作610)或者分组是具有未知目的地的帧(操作620)，则成员隧道网关基于网络负载和VLAN配置来选择包括架构式交换机中的所有交换机的多播树(操作612)。在选择多播树(操作608和612)之后，成员隧道网关经由所选择的多播树来转发帧(操作614)。在一些实施例中，对于多播群组的多播流量，成员隧道网关选择仅具有使属于该多播群组的虚拟机耦合的成员交换机的多播树(例如，图5中的示例中的多播树596)。
示例性交换机
图7图示了根据本发明的一个实施例的架构式交换机中的与虚拟成员隧道网关相关联的示例性成员交换机。在这一示例中，交换机700包括多个通信端口702、转发模块720、隧道管理模块730、被耦合到隧道管理模块730的分组处理器710，以及存储装置750。在一些实施例中，交换机700可维持架构式交换机中的成员资格，其中交换机700还包括架构式交换机管理模块760。架构式交换机管理模块760在维持架构式交换机内的相应交换机的配置状态的存储装置750中维持配置数据库。架构式交换机管理模块760维持被用来加入其他交换机的架构式交换机的状态。在这种情形下，通信端口702可以包括用于架构式交换机内的通信的交换机间通信信道。这一交换机间通信信道可以经由常规的通信端口被实现并且基于任何开放或者私有的格式。
隧道管理模块730将交换机700操作为能够端接覆盖隧道的隧道网关，正如结合图2A描述的。隧道管理模块730还维持交换机700与虚拟隧道网关之间的关联。虚拟隧道网关与虚拟IP地址相关联。如果交换机700是架构式交换机中的成员交换机，则虚拟IP地址也可以与架构式交换机中的另一成员交换机相关联。这一另一成员交换机还作为隧道网关进行操作并且与虚拟隧道网关相关联。在某些实施例中，交换机700是TRILL RBridge。在这种情形下，虚拟隧道网关也与虚拟RBridge标识符相关联。
在一些实施例中，交换机700还包括结合分组处理器进行操作的设备管理模块732。响应于检测到新管理程序，设备管理模块732生成包括虚拟IP地址作为用于该管理程序的隧道网关地址的配置消息，正如结合图3A和图3B描述的。在一些实施例中，配置消息中的虚拟IP地址还对应于缺省网关路由器。在操作期间，管理程序通过将内部数据分组封装在另一第3层数据分组中来发起与交换机700的覆盖隧道。
响应于接收到来自管理程序的隧道经封装数据分组，分组处理器710就在数据分组中标识与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟IP地址并且从数据分组提取内部分组。在一些实施例中，分组是TRILL封装的并且是经由能够接收TRILL分组的通信端口702之一接收到的。分组处理器710标识TRILL头部中的虚拟RBridge标识符，正如结合图2A描述的。转发模块720然后基于内部分组的目的地地址来确定通信端口702之一中用于内部分组的输出端口。为了有助于第2层交换，经封装数据分组可以包括被映射到虚拟IP地址的虚拟MAC地址。分组处理器710也可以标识数据分组中的这一虚拟MAC地址。
注意，上面提到的模块可被以硬件实现以及以软件实现。在一个实施例中，这些模块可被体现在耦合到交换机700中的一个或多个处理器的存储器中存储的计算机可执行指令中。当被执行时，这些指令使一个或多个处理器执行前面提到的功能。
总而言之，本发明的实施例提供了一种交换机和一种用于有助于架构式交换机中的覆盖隧传的方法。在一个实施例中，该交换机包括隧道管理模块、分组处理器和转发模块。隧道管理模块将交换机操作为能够端接覆盖隧道的隧道网关。在操作期间，被耦合到隧道管理模块的分组处理器在数据分组中标识与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟IP地址。这一虚拟隧道网关与交换机相关联并且数据分组与覆盖隧道相关联。转发模块基于数据分组中的内部分组的目的地地址来确定该内部分组的输出端口。
在此描述的方法和处理可被体现为可被存储在计算机可读非暂时存储介质中的代码和/或数据。当计算机系统读取并执行在该计算机可读非暂时存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，该计算机系统执行被体现为数据结构和代码并被存储在介质内的方法和处理。
在此描述的方法和处理可被硬件模块或者装置执行并且/或者包括在硬件模块或者装置中。这些模块或者装置可包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或者一段代码的专用或者共享的处理器，和/或现在知道或者后来开发的其他可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块或者装置被激活时，它们执行其中包括的方法和处理。
本发明的实施例的在前描述仅是为了例示和说明的目的而呈现的。它们并非旨在穷尽无遗或者限制本公开。因此，许多修改和变更对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims (22)

1.一种交换机，包括：
隧道管理模块，其被配置为将所述交换机操作为能够解封与覆盖隧道相关联的封装头部的隧道网关；
分组处理器，其被耦合到所述隧道管理模块，并且被配置为：
在封装头部中将与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟因特网协议IP地址标识为本地指派的IP地址，其中所述虚拟隧道网关与所述交换机相关联；以及
响应于所述标识，解封所述封装头部以提取通过所述封装头部封装的内部分组；
转发模块，其被配置为基于所述内部分组的目的地地址来确定用于所述内部分组的输出端口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述隧道管理模块还被配置为标识控制虚拟机的管理程序，其中所述虚拟机通过使用所述封装头部封装所述内部分组来发起所述覆盖隧道。
3.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述分组处理器还被配置为在所述封装头部中标识对应于所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址的虚拟介质访问控制MAC地址。
4.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，还包括设备管理模块，其被配置为响应于检测到管理程序而生成包括所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址作为隧道网关地址的配置消息。
5.根据权利要求4所述的交换机，其中所述配置消息中的所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址对应于缺省网关路由器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址还与远程交换机相关联，其中所述远程交换机作为隧道网关进行操作并且与所述虚拟隧道网关相关联。
7.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述内部分组还基于路由的网络中的封装协议被封装在第二封装头部中；
其中所述分组处理器还被配置为标识所述第二封装头部中的虚拟交换机标识符；并且
其中所述虚拟交换机标识符与所述交换机相关联。
8.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，还包括被配置为维持互联的交换机的网络中的成员身份的架构式交换机管理模块。
9.根据权利要求8所述的交换机，其中所述分组处理器还被配置为将所述内部分组标识为广播、未知单播或者多播分组；并且
其中所述隧道管理模块还被配置为基于以下各项中的一个或多个来选择所述互联的交换机的网络中用来分发所述内部分组的多播树：多播群组成员身份、虚拟局域网VLAN成员身份和网络负载。
10.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述隧道管理模块还被配置为经由由与虚拟机相关联的第一管理程序发起的隧道来得知所述虚拟机的介质访问控制MAC地址。
11.根据权利要求10所述的交换机，其中所述隧道管理模块还被配置为结合所述分组处理器进行操作，以响应于从与第二管理程序相关联的虚拟机接收到具有未知目的地的数据帧而为所述第二管理程序构造包括所述第一管理程序的因特网协议IP地址的消息。
12.一种用于操作交换机的计算机可执行的方法，包括：
将所述交换机操作为能够解封与覆盖隧道相关联的封装头部的隧道网关；
在封装头部中将与虚拟隧道网关相关联的虚拟因特网协议IP地址标识为本地指派的IP地址，其中所述虚拟隧道网关与所述交换机相关联；
响应于所述标识，解封所述封装头部以提取通过所述封装头部封装的内部分组；以及
基于所述内部分组的目的地地址来确定用于所述内部分组的输出端口。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括标识控制虚拟机的管理程序，其中所述虚拟机通过使用所述封装头部封装所述内部分组来发起所述覆盖隧道。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括在所述封装头部中标识对应于所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址的虚拟介质访问控制MAC地址。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括响应于检测到管理程序而生成包括所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址作为隧道网关地址的配置消息。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述配置消息中的所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址对应于缺省网关路由器。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述虚拟因特网协议IP地址还与远程交换机相关联，其中所述远程交换机作为隧道网关进行操作并且与所述虚拟隧道网关相关联。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述内部分组还基于路由的网络中的封装协议被封装在第二封装头部中；
其中所述第二封装头部中的出口交换机标识符对应于虚拟交换机标识符；并且
其中所述虚拟交换机标识符与所述交换机相关联。
19.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括维持互联的交换机的网络中的成员身份。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，还包括：
将所述内部分组标识为广播、未知单播或者多播分组；并且
基于以下各项中的一个或多个来选择所述互联的交换机的网络中用来分发所述内部分组的多播树：多播群组成员身份、虚拟局域网VLAN成员身份和网络负载。
21.根据权利要求12所述的方法，还包括经由由与虚拟机相关联的第一管理程序发起的隧道来得知所述虚拟机的介质访问控制MAC地址。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，响应于从与第二管理程序相关联的虚拟机接收到具有未知目的地的数据帧而为所述第二管理程序构建包括所述第一管理程序的因特网协议IP地址的消息。
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