CN104271976A - 用于商用车辆的盘式制动器 - Google Patents

用于商用车辆的盘式制动器 Download PDF

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CN104271976A
CN104271976A CN201380022796.4A CN201380022796A CN104271976A CN 104271976 A CN104271976 A CN 104271976A CN 201380022796 A CN201380022796 A CN 201380022796A CN 104271976 A CN104271976 A CN 104271976A
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brake
disk type
type braker
friction element
friction
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CN104271976B (zh
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T·埃希勒
P·哈贝尔-京特纳
R·韦伯
I·内斯姆亚诺维奇
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Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0972Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts transmitting brake reaction force, e.g. elements interposed between torque support plate and pad
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/02Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0973Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces
    • F16D65/0979Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces acting on the rear side of the pad or an element affixed thereto, e.g. spring clips securing the pad to the brake piston or caliper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0016Brake calipers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0016Brake calipers
    • F16D2055/0029Retraction devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D2069/002Combination of different friction materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于商用车辆的盘式制动器,具有一个在制动盘(3)上延伸的、构造成滑动钳的制动钳(1)、两个设置在制动钳中的能反向运动的制动衬片,所述制动衬片分别具有一个衬片支承板(4)和一个固定在衬片支承板上的摩擦片(5),在所述两个制动衬片中,主动侧的摩擦衬片能通过制动压紧装置经由至少一个制动挺杆被压向制动盘(3),所述盘式制动器还具有至少一个复位装置(7),利用所述复位装置在由制动引起的移动之后和松开制动器之后能使制动钳(1)复位,其中,复位装置(7)设有沿制动盘(3)的轴线方向受压力加载地能有限移动地支承在制动衬片(2)中的摩擦元件(10),保持在制动钳(1)和/或制动挺杆中的压力元件(8)作用在摩擦元件上。

Description

用于商用车辆的盘式制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于商用车辆的盘式制动器。
背景技术
在工作情况下,即在制动时,通过压紧装置对制动衬片的压紧首先通过将压紧侧的制动衬片压向制动盘以及接着压紧相对置的响应侧的制动衬片来实现。
在通过压紧装置的制动顶杆将主动侧的制动衬片压向制动盘时,为了压紧响应侧的制动衬片,构造成滑动钳的制动钳克服主动侧的制动衬片的压紧装置移动。
在松开制动器之后,在已知的盘式制动器中,制动钳保持停留在最后所述的位置中,在该位置中,各制动衬片、但至少是响应侧的制动衬片,尽管没有压力,但仍滑动地贴靠在制动盘上。由此在行驶运行中出现的所谓剩余滑动力矩会导致车辆的燃料消耗提高,同样会导致制动盘以及制动衬片的使用寿命降低。
在行驶运行中,通过制动盘的摇摆以及通过弯道行驶时出现的抖动和横向加速实现了制动衬片略微的放松。但这些效应不足以有效地防止所述滑动。
为了避免所述缺点,由DE 199 46 677 A1已知一种盘式制动器,它具有复位装置,所述复位装置在松开制动器之后使制动钳返回其初始位置。特别是为了将响应侧的制动衬片从其与制动盘的接触引导到非工作位置,已知弹簧系统,所述弹簧系统在对制动器压紧时预紧。在松开之后,制动衬片利用通过预紧存储的弹簧能被压回或拉开。这里,所述弹簧系统锚定在位置固定的构件中,例如制动器支座中。
然而,制动钳的复位仅取决于复位元件的弹簧位移,但这不能实现精确地导回到使得制动盘和响应侧的制动衬片之间始终保持相同的气隙尺寸的状态,从而所述已知的盘式制动器远不是所述问题的令人满意的解决方案。
当响应侧的制动衬片形锁合地连接在制动钳脊部上时,这一点同样适用,因为由于相对于彼此运动的构件的在整个系统中存留的保持力,在松开制动器之后这些构件必定被从制动盘上压开。
发明内容
因此本发明的任务在于,这样来改进前面所述类型的盘式制动器,确保保持相同气隙的制动钳的复位并使所出现的剩余滑动力矩最小化。
所述任务通过具有权利要求1的特征的盘式制动器解决。
本发明特别是应用于盘式制动器的响应侧的区域,但也完全可以在主动侧的区域中使用,具体而言应用于响应侧的制动衬片/制动挺杆的功能单元中。在任何情况下,通过本发明都实现了降低剩余滑动力矩。
根据本发明,在制动衬片中,具体而言在摩擦片中设有沿制动盘的轴线方向受压力加载能有限移动地保持的摩擦元件,所述摩擦元件由与摩擦片本身相同的材料或更为耐磨的材料制成。为了实现所述摩擦元件无阻碍的轴向可运动性,所述摩擦元件例如支承在滑动套筒中,所述滑动套筒可以由金属或陶瓷组成并固定地与摩擦片或衬片支承板连接。
作为复位装置另外的组成部分,在带有所述摩擦元件的衬片支承板中设有能轴向移动保持的顶杆,所述顶杆一方面与摩擦元件固定连接,另一方面与一弹性的压力元件相对应/协调,所述压力元件保持在制动钳中并优选由盘簧、板簧或螺旋弹簧形式的压缩弹簧构成。当然也可以设想使用压力筒作为所述弹性的压力元件,所述压力筒的介质在压紧时在建立压力的情况下被压缩,而在释放制动压紧时卸荷。
压力元件可以直接作用在顶杆上,但也可以通过中间元件、优选是球体作用在顶杆上,所述球体这样定位和保持,使得所述球体将压力元件沿轴向固定在制动钳脊部中并将顶杆压向衬片背板中的限定部。所述限定部例如固定为0.3mm并且由此对应于略小于所希望的气隙的一半。摩擦元件以略小的突出量突出于摩擦片,所述突出量应小于所述理论气隙的一半,例如0.3mm。
优选设有多个、特别是两个相互隔开间距设置的摩擦元件,所述摩擦元件在对制动器压紧时被压到制动盘上并与摩擦片表面以共面的方式定位,这里通过摩擦元件与制动钳包括制动衬片的相对轴向移动而张紧压力元件。
在释放制动压紧时,通过所存储的弹簧力经由顶杆将相应的摩擦元件继续压向制动盘。弹簧的复位力使得,能移动地支承的制动钳以及能移动地支承的制动衬片被从制动盘上推开。在理想情况下,制动衬片,即这里是响应侧的制动衬片与制动钳脊部形锁合地连接。
尽管连同小的必要的摩擦能量而保留了小的剩余滑动力矩,但剩余滑动力矩小到可以忽略,因为摩擦元件以非常小的接触面贴靠在制动盘上。在制动过程之后很短的时间内就建立了没有剩余滑动或接近没有剩余滑动的平衡状态。在任何情况下,剩余的压力都很小,使得针对现有技术所描述的问题不再出现。
本发明其他的有利的实施形式在从属权利要求中说明。
附图说明
下面根据附图来详细说明本发明的实施例。其中:
图1示出根据本发明的盘式制动器的一部分的俯视图;
图2示出图1所示部分的分解视图;
图3示出图1中的线III-III上的剖视图;以及
图4示出根据图3中的指示IV的放大的局部。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出盘式制动器的制动钳1的制动钳脊部6,制动衬片2嵌入所述制动钳脊部中,所述制动衬片包括衬片支承板4和固定在衬片支承板上的朝向制动盘3的摩擦片5,在制动时制动衬片2以其摩擦片侧压向制动盘3。为此制动钳脊部6贴靠在衬片支承板2上。
如图3特别清楚地示出的那样,为了在松开制动器之后使制动钳1复位而设有复位装置7,所述复位装置具有摩擦元件10,所述摩擦元件沿摩擦片3的轴线方向受压力加载地能有限移动地保持在制动衬片2中,摩擦元件10处于弹性的压力元件8的压力下,所述压力元件例如为螺旋弹簧的形式。摩擦元件10能移动地支承在由金属或陶瓷制成的滑动套筒12中,所述滑动套筒固定地与摩擦片5连接,或者在另一个实施形式中与衬片支承板4连接。
在图2中可见,设有两个复位装置7,所述复位装置相互隔开间距地设置。为了简单起见,在下面仅说明一个复位装置7,第二个复位装置具有相同的结构。
通过顶杆11使摩擦元件10移动,所述顶杆同样能轴向移动地保持在衬片支承板4的容纳部中,并在摩擦元件10的相配的端侧上与摩擦元件固定连接、例如通过粘结或挤压连接。
在顶杆11和压力元件8之间定位有球体9,所述球体同样支承在制动钳脊部6中,所述球体一方面支承在顶杆11上,另一方面支承在压力元件8上,并构成用于压力元件8的位移限制,为此球体9置入其中的凹口在朝向顶杆11的侧面上具有例如通过压制(Verstemmen)形成的收缩部13。
在图4中示出处于非工作位置的制动衬片2,即处于未制动的位置。这里,摩擦元件10突出于摩擦片5,其中突出量(X)例如为0.3mm,小于或等于顶杆11的与球体9接触的支承面到衬片支承板4在制动钳脊部6上的贴合面的距离(Y)。所述距离略小于理论气隙的一半并且例如为0.3mm。所述0.3mm的距离通过顶杆11的高度和衬片支承板4中的容纳部的深度限定,其中球体9用于固定压力元件8。
在装配制动衬片2时,压力元件8附加地预紧。在制动衬片2与制动钳脊部6例如通过螺纹连接固定连接的情况下,所述突出量明显大于顶杆11的确定的位移,如所述的0.3mm。
相反,如果制动衬片2没有保持在制动钳1上,球体9的突出量可以不大于确定的顶杆位移,因为否则会通过顶杆11朝制动盘的方向挤压制动衬片。
在释放制动压紧时,所存储的弹簧能通过顶杆11继续将摩擦元件10压向制动盘3。压力元件8的复位力确保,可移动地支承的制动钳1以及可移动支承的制动衬片2被从制动盘3上推开。
附图标记列表
1    制动钳
2    制动衬片
3    制动盘
4    衬片支承板
5    摩擦片
6    制动钳脊部
7    复位装置
8    压力元件
9    球体
10   摩擦元件
11   顶杆
12   滑动套筒
13   收缩部

Claims (10)

1.一种用于商用车辆的盘式制动器,具有一个在制动盘(3)上延伸的、构造成滑动钳的制动钳(1)、两个设置在制动钳中的能以相反的方向运动的制动衬片,所述制动衬片分别具有一个衬片支承板(4)和一个固定在衬片支承板上的摩擦片(5),在所述两个制动衬片中,主动侧的摩擦衬片能通过制动压紧装置经由至少一个制动挺杆被压向制动盘(3),所述盘式制动器还具有至少一个复位装置(7),利用所述复位装置在由制动引起的移动之后和松开制动器之后能使制动钳(1)复位,其特征在于,复位装置(7)设有沿制动盘(3)的轴线方向受压力加载地能有限移动地支承在制动衬片(2)中的摩擦元件(10),保持在制动钳(1)和/或制动挺杆中的压力元件(8)作用在摩擦元件上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,摩擦元件(10)由与摩擦片(5)相同的或更硬的材料制成。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,摩擦元件(10)支承在滑动套筒(12)中,所述滑动套筒由金属或陶瓷制成并与摩擦片(5)或衬片支承板(4)连接。
4.按照上述权利要求之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,利用一顶杆(11)与摩擦元件(10)连接,所述顶杆沿轴向能移动地保持在衬片支承板(4)的容纳部中。
5.按照上述权利要求之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,摩擦元件(10)在制动器的非工作位置朝制动盘(3)的方向突出于摩擦片(5)并且顶杆(11)以在衬片支承板(4)相对于制动钳(1)的贴合面之上的间距置于衬片支承板(4)中。
6.按照上述权利要求之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,摩擦元件(10)的突出量(X)小于或等于顶杆(11)到衬片支承板(4)的贴合面的距离(Y)。
7.按照上述权利要求之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,压力元件(8)或中间元件、优选是球体(9)贴靠在顶杆(11)远离摩擦元件的侧面上。
8.按照上述权利要求之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,压力元件(8)的复位位移通过压力元件(8)和球体(9)的容纳部的收缩部(13)限定。
9.按照上述权利要求之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,压力元件(8)由压力弹簧、特别是螺旋弹簧、盘簧或板簧或由用能压缩的介质填充的压力筒组成。
10.按照上述权利要求之一所述的盘式制动器,其特征在于,摩擦元件(10)的突出量(X)和顶杆(11)到衬片支承板(4)的贴合面的距离(Y)小于结构上的气隙的一半。
CN201380022796.4A 2012-03-26 2013-03-21 用于商用车辆的盘式制动器 Expired - Fee Related CN104271976B (zh)

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