CN104271448B - 装有面对的罩部件的、用于放在托盘中的产品的改良氛围包装的设备 - Google Patents

装有面对的罩部件的、用于放在托盘中的产品的改良氛围包装的设备 Download PDF

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CN104271448B
CN104271448B CN201380022932.XA CN201380022932A CN104271448B CN 104271448 B CN104271448 B CN 104271448B CN 201380022932 A CN201380022932 A CN 201380022932A CN 104271448 B CN104271448 B CN 104271448B
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CN104271448A (zh
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A·斯基亚维纳
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Gruppo Fabbri Vignola SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B65B31/025—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas specially adapted for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65B31/028—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas specially adapted for rigid or semi-rigid containers closed by a lid sealed to the upper rim of the container, e.g. tray-like container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7451—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool the severing tool and the welding tool being movable with respect to one-another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7461—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool for making welds and cuts of other than simple rectilinear form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2424—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain
    • B29C66/24243—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral
    • B29C66/24244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being a closed polygonal chain forming a quadrilateral forming a rectangle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00141—Protective gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00143—Active gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00145—Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)

Abstract

一种装有面对的罩部件(1，8)的、用于放在托盘(V、Vˊ)中的产品(M)的改良氛围包装的设备，其包括用于在两个敞开的所述罩部件之间以及在托盘上方循环定位隔膜(H)的延伸部分的装置，所述托盘利用垫圈装置(13)安置在底罩部件的支座(110)中，还包括用于使所述罩部件朝向彼此移动的装置(F1，F2)，用于在所述罩部件之间封闭所述隔膜(H)以及在从所述隔膜下方并与所述隔膜间隔适当距离地封闭托盘(V、Vˊ)的边缘，所述设备的类型为，当罩部件封闭时，它们在其中形成不直接连通的两个容积，其中一个容积由所述罩部件的经由回路(16，3)例如外周而彼此连通的内腔(2，9)形成，而另一个容积由装有产品(M)的托盘(V、Vˊ)的主腔(P)形成，其中，所述主腔(P)利用其外周的一部分连接至孔(26)和用于受控地引入处理气体的专用回路(27，127，227)，并且利用所述外周的另一部分连接至用于实施抽气和清洗步骤的排出孔，还包括内部阀装置，所述内部阀装置能够使所述托盘的主腔(P)的排出孔(24，124)与所述内腔(2，9)连通或不连通，以在制造被称为MAP型的产品包装所需的气体交换循环期间，平衡所述两个容积(2，9和P)之间的压差。

Description

装有面对的罩部件的、用于放在托盘中的产品的改良氛围包装的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及在包含待包装产品的至少一个托盘上密封地焊接封闭膜的系统或设备。
背景技术
根据本发明的设备是IPC分类在B65B31/04中的、装有面对的罩部件的类型，其能够制造被称为MAP(改良氛围包装)的这种包装，其中，产品被封闭在密封包装内，所述密封包装包含有效用于改善产品保藏的改良氛围，内部和外部之间没有任何明显的压力差异。为了改良包装内部的氛围，在将隔膜置于放在托盘中的产品上以便后续封闭并与该托盘的外周边缘保持适当距离的步骤中，首先从托盘内部移除空气，然后替换为改良氛围，例如基于氮气、二氧化碳、氧气和/或其它气体的氛围。同一申请人于2011年6月7日提交的申请号为BO2011A-000403的意大利专利申请描述了本发明最接近的现有技术，其涉及一种包括向下开口的顶罩部件的设备，所述顶罩部件通常包含焊接装置以及用于切割封闭托盘所用隔膜的装置，所述设备还包括面对前述罩部件并沿该方向开口的底罩部件，所述底罩部件具有腔和用于安置至少一个托盘的支座，所述至少一个托盘可通过特定装置插入所述支座和从所述支座取出，还包括用于循环定位在所述两个开口的罩部件之间并且在放入底罩部件中的托盘上方的膜延伸部分的装置，其中还包括用于使所述罩部件朝向彼此移动以在其间和在所述膜上封闭托盘边缘的装置，并且包括用于按照该顺序执行从托盘抽出空气的步骤、向其中引入处理气体以便保藏放在托盘中的产品的步骤以及随后在所述托盘的边缘上焊接膜并切割焊接至所述托盘的膜部分的外周的装置。该设备包括这样的装置，所述装置用于确保在用于相互封闭罩部件的步骤期间，在其中形成主腔，所述主腔在顶部由用于覆盖托盘的膜限定，在底部由装有产品的该托盘限定，在侧部由围绕所述膜的外周并将所述膜的外周连接至托盘的顶部边缘的外周的任何接口结构限定，并且在其结构上设置有孔或狭槽，这些孔或狭槽适当地分布并位于托盘的外周的外部并且与所述主腔连通。在上述根据现有技术的设备中，当两个罩部件封闭时，在所述罩部件内部形成彼此不直接连通的两个容积，第一容积由所述主腔形成，含有托盘和覆盖膜，第二容积由所述两个罩部件的内部连通腔形成。所述接口结构中的一些孔基本上沿着托盘的一部分或一侧张开，并连接至位于底罩部件中的第一集管或回路，而其它的所述孔沿着托盘的至少一个部分或相对侧张开，并连接至同样位于底罩部件内的第二集管或回路，而内腔彼此连接并至少连接至第三回路。提供有这样的装置，即，经由连接至所述主腔的所述第一和第二集管或回路以及经由连接至两个罩部件的内腔的所述第三回路，可以在不必提前在托盘中形成极高真空并限制使用处理气体的情况下制造MAP型包装。这种类型的设备具有一定程度的结构复杂性，必须重新设计以改变托盘的形式，而且需要复杂的校准来平衡引导处理气体的步骤和平衡步骤中所涉及的两个容积，以便获得总是具有期望外观的包装。
发明内容
本发明提出一种所述设备的结构简化，其仍然着眼于如上述的现有技术所述在两个罩部件封闭时形成彼此不直接连通的两个容积并且利用三个回路来制造产品，但是使用了一种新的使平衡步骤自动化并且设置成使用阀装置的解决方案，由此，在给定的情形下，可以自动平衡所述两个容积之间的压差。为了获得该技术问题的解决方案，还必须要解决以下的随之而来的问题：要确保装有产品的主腔与底罩部件的内腔之间通过安全和可靠的密封而分离，因为已经证明，将这种分离依赖于托盘的边缘和/或依赖于在所述托盘的边缘的底面上起作用的垫圈的现有解决方案有些不可靠，这是由于该边缘并不总是完美的平面，而且由放置在托盘中的产品的重量所施加的推力通常不足以有效地用于该目的。本发明意欲用以下的解决方案的构思来解决本发明的上述主要问题。用于清洗空气流出的孔被提升至使之最初被覆盖托盘的膜覆盖的高度，最初通过所述孔在托盘的主腔中获得真空，所述这些孔与底罩部件的内腔连通。通过该解决方案以及下述的另一小回路的布置，即可使用该膜作为膜片阀来打开或关闭下方的所述孔，以最好结果地并且完全自动地实现用主腔的处理气体对托盘的内部容积降压、清洗和加压的步骤。所述第二个问题通过在每一个用于安置托盘的支座中设置柔性唇形密封垫圈来解决，所述柔性唇形密封垫圈突出到每一个所述支座的内部开口中，以与托盘的外部侧向的且通常倾斜的表面密封配合。
作为现有技术文献，下列文献被引用：WO2011/124548(D1)；DE2335021(D2)；JPS52042161(D3)；US3992850(D4)；US3481100(D5)。D1所述的设备中未提供用以中断主腔与内腔之间的连通的装置，所述主腔和内腔始终是通过孔间接连通，而不是通过阀间接连通。从被认为是本发明主题的最接近现有技术的该文献出发，所要解决的技术问题是在不增加结构复杂性的前提下，进一步使抽空、气化和补偿的步骤自动化。文献D2示出了一种气体排出元件，但是，所述气体排出元件不是阀，因为它不能中断主腔与内腔之间的连通。文献D3示出了一种阀，但是，所述阀未用于使主腔与内腔连通，而是用于向主腔内喷射蒸汽。
附图说明
根据在说明书附图中仅作为非限制性示例示出的本发明优选实施例的以下说明，本发明的进一步的特征以及由此导出的优点将变得更加显而易见，在附图中：
-图1是在膜以及容纳待调节和封闭的产品的托盘上方封闭的第一步骤中的两个面对的罩部件的截面图，示意性示出了用于调节所述托盘并且控制所述设备运行的回路；
-图2是装有用于安置托盘的支座的底罩部件的俯视图，示出了部分空置和部分加载的相关托盘；
-图3示意性地示出了设备主要部件的操作步骤的比较图；
-图4示出了在图1中并且在托盘内部形成真空的步骤中封闭的设备的中心部分的透视图；
-图5示出了在清洗和向托盘中喷射用于保藏的处理气体的步骤中如图1所示的设备的左支座；
-图6和图7分别示出了在向托盘中喷射处理气体的步骤中和在使承载焊接切割装置的顶罩部件的装置降低的步骤中如图4所示设备的中心部分，所述焊接切割装置用于焊接和切割托盘顶部边缘上的膜。
具体实施方式
在图1中，标记1指示顶罩部件，其环状内边缘101和面对的外边缘201共同限定内边缘101所面对的腔102，所述腔102经由设置在所述内边缘101上的开口3与罩部件1的内部容积2连通，所述内部容积2连接至专用的竖直引导升降装置，所述竖直引导升降装置用双箭头F1示意性地表示但没有详细示出(因为这是公知的装置)。罩部件1内部设置已知类型的板4，所述板4连接至特定选择的升降装置104，板4通过介于其间的相应引导弹簧装置105支撑在底部的热焊接单元5上，并携带在外部围绕每一个密封单元5的切割装置6，切割装置6通常从这些部件5的有效底部边缘缩回。图1所示的罩部件例如能够在两排平行的托盘V和V'上同时操作，不过应当明白，本发明的保护范围还包括能够在多于两排的托盘上或在单排托盘或单个托盘上操作的罩部件，所有这些对本领域技术人员来说都是容易推得的并且容易获得的。标记100表示如下所示的对顶罩部件1在底罩部件上的封闭施加阻尼的已知装置。可热焊接的隔膜H在罩部件1的下方经过，填充有产品M的预制托盘V、V'将用所述隔膜H密封地封闭；托盘通过任何合适的装置定位在罩部件1下方，利用相应的引导运动装置107安置在与底罩部件8相关联的已知类型的提取装置7上。底罩部件8自身连接至特定的已知的升降装置，所述升降装置由双箭头F2示意性地表示，所述底罩部件8设置有内腔9，所述内腔9的形状和大小适合于在该罩部件被升高时(参见下文)容纳提取装置7和托盘V、V'，并且该腔9在顶部被水平框架10封闭，所述水平框架10设置有形状与托盘相关联的嘴部或支座110，所述托盘的边缘用来搁置在所述嘴部或支座110的外周边缘210上，提取装置7在所述嘴部或支座110的中心操作；在升高位置，提取装置接收托盘，然后下降以将托盘插入到支座110中，使托盘相对于罩部件1和8的各个部件自动定心，提取装置在循环结束时被再次升高，以为移除和更换待封闭的新托盘的步骤准备好封闭的托盘。
在现有技术中，在支座110的边缘210上可以设置由弹性体材料制成的环形垫圈，托盘的边缘的下侧搁置在所述环形垫圈上，以在封闭位置时确保罩部件1和8的内腔之间密封地分离。由于上述原因，这种分离很难实现，本发明针对该技术问题提出一种解决方案，其通过例如小框架11和适当分布的固定螺钉12将例如由硅橡胶制成的平的且柔性的环形垫圈13固定在支座110的边缘210上，所述环形垫圈13突出有唇形密封，其主体部分在每一个支座110内部，所述环形垫圈13优选在角部区域设置有弓形凹部113，所述凹部113与所述垫圈的连续部分适当连接，这样，其能够紧密地、完美密封地结合托盘的顶部或中上侧部分，并且能够确保两个罩部件的内腔通过支座110和其中插入的托盘密封地分离的所要求的状态。已经证明，上述垫圈13对密封目的是非常有效的，以致有利于从所述垫圈13插入和移除托盘，不会承受不希望的变形和/或由于摩擦以及托盘的推力引起的磨损。在比托盘的边缘搁置在支座110的边缘210上时的高度更高的高度，下罩部件8具有装有封闭的环形垫圈15的水平表面14，上罩部件1的边缘101与所述环形垫圈在封闭位置协作，所述表面14具有面对的延长部，在延长部上开有由所述垫圈15的部分和辅助垫圈115围绕的狭槽16，上罩部件的外部边缘201与所述辅助垫圈密封地协作，使得，顶罩部件1的内腔2经由腔102、开口3和狭槽16直接与底罩部件8连通，优选与与底罩部件8相联的导管109连通，导管109的端部与所述狭槽16连通，所述导管109设置有用于与所述底罩部件的腔9连接的校准开口103。导管109设置有一对嘴部17，所述嘴部17经由装有由处理器19控制的阀装置18、118的拦截单元可以与缓冲器121连接或断开，所述缓冲器121反过来又连接至真空形成泵21，或者与装有相关泵22的缓冲器122连接或断开，以便在适当的压力下控制过滤空气的供给(参见下文)。压力开关或真空开关23从耦合于导管17的回路分叉出来，其将数据发送给处理器19。标记20表示用于编程并任选地查询并控制处理器19及其耦合的各种部件的单元。从图1和2可以看出，底罩部件的框架10的表面14的位于两排支座110之间的部分设置有多排孔24，这些孔24优选在位于两排支座110的节点或相交点上的表面的所述部分上具有大直径，并且数量较多，例如平行布置了几排，如124所示。可选择的特定孔224也可以设置在正交于承载所述孔24、124的那些部分的扁平部分14的端部上。所有这些孔24、124适当在顶端呈喇叭形，并在底部与底罩部件的内腔9自由地连通。为了设备的正确运行，孔24、124的区段的总和小于狭槽16的区段的总和，狭槽16装有用于连接罩部件1和8的内腔9和2之间的开口3(参见下文)，开口103的区段的总和小于装有所述开口3的狭槽16的区段的总和，这样，导管109中的流动优先连接至顶罩部件1的内腔2。这种优先连接的结果是，在导管109中建立的真空或压力状态快速扩展至顶罩部件的腔2中，经过延迟扩展至底罩部件的腔9中。应当理解，图1中所示的回路17、109、103、9、16、3、2仅仅是作为非限制性的示例提供的，在没有脱离本发明的范围的情况下，也可以根据结构需求，在很大程度上进行修改。从图1和2还可以看出，用于安置托盘的每一个支座110由环形凹进槽25围绕，在面对所述多排孔24、124的一个或多个区域上或者在离开所述多排孔24、124一段合适的距离处，所述环形凹进槽25设置有连接至位于罩部件8内部的集管27的孔26，所述集管27则经由分支管线127连接至中心嘴部227，所述中心嘴部227连接至一拦截单元28，拦截单元28则连接至用于供给待引入到托盘中的处理气体的缓冲器(buffer)29，压力开关和/或真空开关30分叉设置于所述嘴部227，其也将数据发送给处理器19。该设备功能如下所述。
在工作循环的中间和初始步骤期间，设备处于如图1所述的状态。装有产品M的托盘V、V'被插入到底罩部件8的支座110中；托盘利用其本体与此刻向下挠曲的垫圈13协作，所述垫圈13与所述托盘的外体密封接触，其顶部边缘搁置在框架11上，框架11将所述垫圈13固定在适当位置上。罩部件1和8彼此靠在一起封闭，边缘101、201密封地接触垫圈15、115，隔膜H的一部分夹紧在底罩部件的垫圈15和顶罩部件的边缘101之间。膜H适当地从位于支座110中的托盘V、V'升高，所述支座110相对于底罩部件的顶表面14缩回，所述膜搁置在所述顶表面14上，因而位于所有孔24、124上方并接触其喇叭形顶端。这样，在膜H的底面与托盘V、V'之间形成主腔P，主腔P只与孔26自由地连通，这些主腔P通过覆盖并封闭孔24、124的膜H与罩部件的内腔2和9分开。在工作循环的第一个步骤中，拦截装置28被关闭，处理器19控制拦截装置18的打开以及嘴部17与吸入装置22、122之间的连接，随后，启动从罩部件的内腔9和2吸入空气的吸入步骤31(图3)。由于膜H的下面的大部分都由托盘V、V'覆盖并在环形垫圈13的作用下与腔9隔离，以及由于导管109与顶罩部件的腔2更直接的连接，在所述腔2中快速建立真空，所述真空趋向于升高所述膜H，如图4的箭头F3以及图3的步骤32所示，该升高作用使孔24、124打开，结果，托盘的主腔P经由这些打开的孔与底罩部件的腔9处于连通状态，所述腔9也处于吸力下，剩余的空气被快速移除。当膜H的相对两面上的真空压力值相等时，膜回复至其原始下位置，如图3中步骤132所示。吸入步骤31可以预定时间(参见下文)，并且经由仪器23和30由处理器19控制。在步骤31结束时并且在关闭拦截装置18之后，进行向托盘中引入处理气体的步骤33，打开图1的拦截装置28。处理气体经由孔26进入托盘，并向上推动膜H，如图3中的步骤232所示，且如图5所示，使所述膜与安置在焊接装置5的特定底部凹部中的止动装置34接触，并与位于板4上的弹簧按压件36的柔性弹性垫圈136接触，覆盖孔24、124，这将在下文叙述。由于膜H被升高成拱形，在托盘的主腔P中形成如图2中箭头F4示意性所示的竖直流动，该竖直流动逐渐充满该腔P，执行清洗步骤，将留在各个腔P中的空气通过没有被所述膜H拦截的孔24、124推出，所述膜H位于高位置。在从引入气体到包装内部的步骤开始的一正确时间间隔35(图3)之后，连接压缩空气源22、122与罩部件的内腔9和2的拦截装置118(图1)被打开，执行平衡步骤，如图3中23所示。平衡空气具有比外界压力高的压力(参见下文)，这样，由于内部自由通道16和3保证罩部件之间优先连通，基于孔24、124的总体区段受限，以及基于垫圈13将主腔P与底罩部件的内腔9分开，所述平衡空气形成在容积2中，于是在膜H的顶面上，形成比主腔P中压力更高的压力，产生的作用如图6中箭头F6所示，其向下移动所述膜H，基本上紧接着，关闭孔24、124，防止底罩部件的腔9中存在的平衡空气经由所述孔24、124上升，防止其到达托盘的内部而污染托盘。在该关闭步骤序列中，底罩部件的容积9也填充平衡空气，直到达到与顶罩部件的容积2相同的压力。底腔9中存在的平衡空气的压力通过孔24、124产生的作用F5(图6)不能升高膜H，因为在所述膜的覆盖孔24、124的较小区域上产生了相同、但突发的压力值，同时作用F6在膜H的整个顶面上都存在。在该步骤序列中，板4在图3的步骤38中下降，使得按压件36牢固地封闭孔24、124，如图7所示，接着膜通过焊接装置5被热焊接到托盘的边缘上，最后，膜的焊接部分在切割装置6的作用下与碎片分离。在该顺序中，图1的切换装置28、118被关闭，罩部件1和8被打开，封闭的托盘被提取装置7升高、移除并更换为待封闭的新托盘，膜H向前移动，其一新部分定位到新托盘上方，重复上述循环。
所述设备的操作程序可以用以上已经参照图3的图示所考虑的下列操作步骤的序列以及例如下列操作值来概括，这些内容仅仅是作为非限制性的示例给出，原因在于通过试验可以容易地推出示例：
-步骤31：用大约3000毫秒的时间，在两个封闭罩部件1、8的内腔9、2中施加真空例如-890毫巴，而且从托盘V、V'的主腔P移除空气；
-在所述真空步骤31结束时，激活步骤33，经由专门的孔26和相关回路将处理气体引入托盘的主腔P中。该步骤持续例如大约360毫秒，并且从缓冲器29中供给所述气体的压力大约为2.5巴。在该步骤期间，托盘的主腔P的残余空气经由通过膜H暂时升高而保持不受约束的专门的孔24、124排出到底罩部件的腔9中；
-从引入处理气体的所述步骤33开始，在大约150毫秒之后开始步骤37，以从缓冲器122供给压力大约为2.5巴的压缩空气。该步骤持续例如大约300毫秒，在该段时间期间，膜H封闭最初将托盘的主腔P和底罩部件8的内腔9连通的孔24、124，以便防止对所述腔P的任何形式的污染；
-接下来，在供给处理气体和用压缩空气进行外部平衡的步骤33、37之后，进行步骤38，以使承载所述按压件36的单元下降从而封闭所述孔24、124，该单元随后携带焊接装置5以将膜H焊接到托盘的顶部边缘上，并且该单元在最后携带切割装置6以切割膜并将膜与其焊接到所述托盘上的部分分开。在此还应当明白，上述值仅仅是象征性的而非限制性的，并且涉及本发明优选实施例的说明内容可以获得多种变型和结构的修改，所有这些内容都不会背离所介绍的、所图示的和以下所要求保护的本发明的启发性原理。在权利要求中，括号内所示的附图标记仅仅是示意性的而不是限制权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种装有面对的罩部件(1，8)的、用于放在托盘(V、V')中的产品(M)的改良氛围包装的设备，所述设备包括用于在两个敞开的所述罩部件之间以及在托盘上方循环定位隔膜(H)的延伸部分的装置，所述托盘利用垫圈装置(13)安置在底罩部件的支座(110)中，所述设备还包括用于使所述罩部件朝向彼此移动的装置(F1，F2)，用于在所述罩部件之间封闭所述隔膜(H)以及在所述隔膜下方并与所述隔膜间隔适当距离地封闭所述托盘(V、V')的边缘，所述设备的类型为，当所述罩部件封闭时，它们在其中形成不直接连通的两个容积，其中一个容积由所述罩部件的经由回路(16，3)彼此自由连通的内腔(2，9)形成，而另一个容积由装有产品(M)的托盘(V、V')的主腔(P)形成，其中，所述主腔(P)利用其外周的一部分连接至孔(26)和用于受控地引入处理气体的专用回路(27，127，227)，并且利用所述外周的另一部分连接至用于实施抽气和清洗步骤的排出孔，其特征在于，所述设备包括内部阀装置，所述内部阀装置能够使托盘的主腔(P)与所述罩部件的内腔(2，9)连通或不连通，以在制造被称为改良氛围包装(MAP)型的包装件所需的抽真空和气体交换循环的步骤序列期间，平衡所述两个容积(2，9和P)之间的压差。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，因为所述内部阀装置是通过其上游和下游存在的压差进行控制，所以所述内部阀装置是单向型和自动的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其中，所述内部阀装置包括作为开口的一部分所述排出孔(24，124)，这些排出孔将托盘的每一个主腔(P)的外周的升高部分(14)与底罩部件(8)的内腔(9)相连；还包括作为拦截装置的隔膜(H)，所述隔膜最初放置在所述排出孔(24，124)上并且用作对所述设备的顶罩部件(1)和底罩部件(8)的所述内腔(2，9)中建立的压力或真空敏感的薄膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述垫圈装置(13)在用于安置托盘(V、V')的每一个支座(110)中提供环形的、环带状的和柔性的唇形密封垫圈，所述唇形密封垫圈突出到每一个所述支座(110)的内部开口中，用于在所述托盘每一次下降到支座(110)中的时候，与托盘(V、V')的外侧的且通常倾斜的表面密封配合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备，其中，所述唇形密封垫圈(13)由硅橡胶制成，并且其外周边缘借助于小而硬的扁平框架(11)和适当分布的固定螺钉(12)而固定在用于安置托盘(V、V')的支座(110)的顶部边缘(210)上，所述垫圈(13)在其突出部分的角部区域中设置有凹部(113)，所述凹部为弓形并且通过适当的连接件连接至所述垫圈的连续部分，以使所述垫圈能够紧密地和密封地与插入到所述底罩部件(9)的支座(110)中的托盘(V、V')的顶部或中上部的外侧部分相结合。
6.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于，如果底罩部件(8)设置有平行的两排支座(110)，则在顶部被隔膜(H)拦截的所述排出孔(24)至少位于表面(14)的定位在两排支座(110)之间的部分上，这些排出孔从所述两排支座(110)的节点或交点开始对称地布置，沿着所述两排支座(110)设置有大直径的且布置成平行的几排的排出孔(124)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其中，所述排出孔(24，124)适当地在设计用于与隔膜(H)配合的顶端张开。
8.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其中，所述排出孔(24，124)的各区段的总和小于将所述罩部件(1，8)的内腔(2，9)彼此连接的所述外周回路(16，3)的各区段的总和，这些外周回路(16，3)的区段大于开口(103)的区段，底罩部件的内腔(9)利用该开口与导管(109)连通，所述导管带有用于引入真空或平衡压缩空气的嘴部(17)并且与所述外周回路(16，3)直接地和优先地连通，由此使得在该导管(109)中建立的真空或压力状态快速扩展至顶罩部件的内腔(2)，并且经过一定的延迟也扩展至底罩部件(8)的内腔(9)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，包括与顶罩部件(1)相关联的内部装置(34，36)，由所述内部装置限制隔膜(H)的升高。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，在用于引导处理气体进入托盘(V，V')的主腔(P)的步骤(37)中的初始部分，由所述内部装置(34，36)限制隔膜(H)的升高。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的设备，其中，在所述设备的操作步骤中限制隔膜升高的所述装置中的一个包括与弹簧装置相关联的、用于同一块板(4)的按压件(36)，所述板(4)承载隔膜的焊接装置(5)和切割装置(6)，并且该按压件(36)具有线性形状，被放置在底罩部件的表面(14)的一部分上方并与该部分平行，通过隔膜(H)拦截的所述排出孔(24，124)在该部分上对齐，所述按压件(36)布置成使得当装有焊接装置(5)和切割装置(6)的板(4)下降时，所述按压件(36)首先利用其柔性弹性垫圈(136)接触隔膜(H)，并携带所述隔膜封闭下方的孔(24，124)，以防止对托盘(V，V')的主腔(P)造成任何污染，同时引入处理气体的步骤(33)和平衡压力的步骤(37)继续进行。
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