CN104185937A - 房屋用电力供给系统 - Google Patents

房屋用电力供给系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104185937A
CN104185937A CN201380013828.4A CN201380013828A CN104185937A CN 104185937 A CN104185937 A CN 104185937A CN 201380013828 A CN201380013828 A CN 201380013828A CN 104185937 A CN104185937 A CN 104185937A
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power supply
electric
house
power
electric power
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CN104185937B (zh
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新妻素直
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IHI Corp
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IHI Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/36—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles by positioning the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种房屋用电力供给系统，其中，通过电力预测装置(120)提前考虑到送电延迟的延迟时间(T)来预测需要从电动汽车(1)向房屋(100)供给的电力，将所述电力的预测数据(P1)经由房屋通信装置(118)和车辆通信装置(18)向供电控制装置(20)通信，并且通过供电控制装置(20)将与预测数据(P1)相当的电力向供电线圈(14)供给。

Description

房屋用电力供给系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够从电动汽车向房屋供给电力的房屋用电力供给系统。本申请基于2012年4月11日在日本申请的日本国专利申请2012-090092号主张优先权，在此援引其内容。
背景技术
电动汽车(EV:Electric Vehicle)和被称为插电式混合动力汽车的混合动力汽车(HV:Hybrid Vehicle)具备容量大且能够再充电的蓄电池(例如锂离子电池和镍氢电池等充电电池)作为动力发生源。以下，将具备这样的蓄电池的车辆简称为“电动汽车”。
伴随着电动汽车的普及，提出了将电动汽车作为交通工具以外的用途来使用(例如作为夜间电力利用和紧急电源来使用)(例如专利文献1～3)。另外，与此相关联，还提出了预测家庭内电器的使用模式，并基于该预测结果对各电器进行运行控制(例如专利文献4)。另外，本发明的相关技术在专利文献5～7中公开。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本国特开平11-178234号公报
专利文献2：日本国特开2008-54439号公报
专利文献3：日本国特开2009-296880号公报
专利文献4：日本国特开2001-54176号公报
专利文献5：日本国特开2009-225551号公报
专利文献6：日本国特开2008-236916号公报
专利文献7：日本国特开2010-226891号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
为了从电动汽车向房屋供给电力，需要将电动汽车与房屋通过电缆进行电气连接。为了进行电动汽车及房屋的连接，需要用手动操作将电缆的插头与设置在房屋或者电动汽车上的插孔配合。这种手动操作有时必须在车外或者室外那样并不算舒适的环境(例如寒冷的环境、炎热的环境、或者黑暗的环境)中进行。
上述的插头和插孔设在车外或者室外。因此，有可能雨水或者异物(例如虫子)侵入上述插头和上述插孔，产生接触不良和短路等电气连接不良。
另外，在现有的系统中，有时直到从电动汽车向房屋送电为止会产生时间延迟。这种情况下，房屋需要的电力和从电动汽车供给的电力不一致，有可能发生电力供给的过剩和不足。为了防止发生上述的过剩和不足，考虑在房屋侧设置蓄电池。这种情况下，存在蓄电池的设置和维护中产生额外负担的问题。
本发明是为了解决上述问题而提出的。也就是说，本发明的目的之一是提供一种房屋用电力供给系统，其能够从电动汽车向房屋供给需要的电力，不需要电缆的连接操作，由此能够从本质上避免伴随电缆的连接/拆卸的电气连接不良，能够大幅降低送电延迟，并且能够将房屋侧的蓄电池容量大幅减小。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明涉及的一种实施方式是从电动汽车向房屋供给电力的房屋用电力供给系统，其中，所述电动汽车具备：蓄电池、供电线圈、供电电路、车辆通信装置、以及供电控制装置，该供电电路将所述蓄电池作为电源并用适于非接触供电的电压电流波形来驱动所述供电线圈，该供电控制装置控制所述供电电路。另外，所述房屋具备：受电线圈、受电电路、能够与所述车辆通信装置通信的房屋通信装置、以及电力预测装置，该受电电路从所述受电线圈向所述房屋内接受电力，该电力预测装置预测所述房屋中需要的电力。另外，所述供电线圈和所述受电线圈构成为以预先设定的间隔距离形成电磁耦合电路。另外，所述电力预测装置构成为提前延迟时间来预测需要从所述电动汽车向所述房屋供给的电力，并将所述电力的预测数据经由所述房屋通信装置和所述车辆通信装置向所述供电控制装置进行通信，该延迟时间考虑到送电延迟。还有，所述供电控制装置构成为向所述供电线圈供给与所述电力的所述预测数据相当的电力。
发明的效果
根据上述本发明所涉及的一种实施方式，供电线圈和受电线圈以预先设定的间隔距离形成电磁耦合电路。由此，能够通过供电线圈以及受电线圈间的非接触供电，从电动汽车向房屋供给需要的电力，不需要电缆的连接操作。所以，能够从本质上避免伴随电缆的连接/拆卸的电气连接不良的发生。另外，通过所述电力预测装置，提前考虑到送电延迟的延迟时间来预测需要从电动汽车向房屋供给的电力，并将所述电力的预测数据经由房屋通信装置和车辆通信装置向供电控制装置通信，并由供电控制装置将与预测数据相当的电力向供电线圈供给。所以，能够大幅降低房屋所需要的电力和从供电线圈供给的电力之间的时间延迟，能够将房屋侧的蓄电池容量大幅减小。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的第1实施方式的框图。
图2是表示本发明的第2实施方式的框图。
图3是表示本发明的第3实施方式的框图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图对本发明的优选实施方式进行详细说明。此外，在各图中对共通的部分标注相同符号，省略重复的说明。
(第1实施方式)
图1是表示本发明的第1实施方式的框图。在图1中，表示从电动汽车1向房屋100供给电力的房屋用电力供给系统。
电动汽车1具备：蓄电池12、供电线圈14、将蓄电池12作为电源并用适于非接触供电的电压电流波形来驱动供电线圈14的供电电路16、车辆通信装置18以及控制供电电路16的供电控制装置20。
房屋100具备：受电线圈114、从受电线圈114向房屋100内接受电力的受电电路116、能够与车辆通信装置18通信的房屋通信装置118以及预测房屋100中需要的电力的电力预测装置120。
供电线圈14和受电线圈114的结构为：以预先设定的间隔距离形成电磁耦合电路。上述间隔距离并不是1个值，也可以是例如10cm以上、30cm以下这样的值的范围。
供电控制装置20控制供电电路16将与电力的预测数据P1相当的电力向供电线圈14供给。
利用上述的结构，电力预测装置120提前考虑到送电延迟的延迟时间T来预测需要从电动汽车1向房屋100供给的电力。电力预测装置120将预测到的电力的预测数据P1经由房屋通信装置118和车辆通信装置18向供电控制装置20通信。另外，供电控制装置20将与预测数据P1相当的电力向供电线圈14供给。
如图1所示，电动汽车1在与房屋100接近的状态下能够向房屋100内供给电力。“接近的状态”是指供电线圈14和受电线圈114为预先设定的间隔距离的状态，是能够从供电线圈14向受电线圈114进行非接触供电的距离。
蓄电池12是搭载在电动汽车1中的能够重复充电的电池(例如锂离子电池和镍氢电池等二次电池)。蓄电池12供给电力，其用于驱动使电动汽车移动的电动机(图中未显示)。
供电线圈14在本例中设在电动汽车1的后部，是用于将来自蓄电池12的电力向房屋100以非接触方式供电的线圈。通过将供电线圈14接近设在房屋100中的受电线圈114，在供电线圈14及受电线圈114之间形成电磁耦合电路。该电磁耦合电路意味着供电线圈14及受电线圈114以电磁方式耦合，进行从供电线圈14向受电线圈114的非接触供电的电路。上述电磁耦合电路可以是以“电磁感应方式”进行供电的电路和以“磁场共振方式”进行供电的电路中的任一个。
供电线圈14以被耐气候性封盖完全覆盖的状态下设在电动汽车1的后部。该耐气候性封盖是为了防止雨水和异物(例如虫子)等侵入供电线圈14而设置的。上述耐气候性封盖使用不妨碍非接触供电的材料(例如塑料和FRP(纤维增强塑料))形成。
供电电路16将来自蓄电池12的电力经由由供电线圈14和受电线圈114形成的电磁耦合电路以非接触方式向房屋100供给。更具体地说，供电电路16将从蓄电池12供给的电力(直流电力)转换为适合于非接触供电的波形的交流电力并施加给供电线圈14。由此，实现了从电动汽车1对房屋100的非接触供电。供电电路16由并联连接开关支路(由串联连接的2个晶体管和分别与这2个晶体管并联连接的二极管构成的电路)的电路构成。供电电路16通过在供电中实施开关支路的占空控制来控制非接触供电的电力。“占空控制”的意思是使开关支路的上侧或者下侧的晶体管导通的时间(导通状态)与开关支路的上侧以及下侧的晶体管均未导通的时间(非导通状态)的比率变化的控制。还有，“占空D”的意思是导通状态的时间占全部时间的比率，也就是用导通状态的时间/(导通状态的时间+非导通状态的时间)的式子表示的值。
受电电路116经由由供电线圈14和受电线圈114形成的电磁耦合电路，将接受的适合于非接触供电的波形的交流电力转换为适合于通常使用的波形的电力。受电电路116由将二极管等整流元件桥接的电路构成。供电电路16及受电电路116的结构例在专利文献5及6中公开。
电力预测装置120预测房屋100中需要的电力。该预测单元在例如专利文献2及4中公开。
上述的“延迟时间”是从电力预测装置120进行的电力的预测数据P1输出时到相当于电力的预测数据P1的电力被向房屋100供给为止的时间T。
在第1实施方式中，在延迟时间T为一定(例如2～3秒)的情况下，延迟时间T预先通过实测或者计算而算出，存储在电力预测装置120中。电力预测装置120预测“时间上提前了延迟时间T的电力的预测数据P1”，作为指令值输出。“时间上提前了延迟时间T的电力的预测数据P1”的意思是延迟时间T后的预测数据P1。例如，在延迟时间T为3秒、当前时刻为1点10分30秒的情况下，电力预测装置120并不是预测针对当前时刻(也就是1点10分30秒)的电力的预测数据，而是预测针对从当前时刻提前了延迟时间的时刻(也就是1点10分33秒)的电力的预测数据。电力的预测数据P1从电力预测装置120向供电控制装置20的通信可以在供电过程中反复实施。例如，在房屋100所需要的电力以1分钟周期变化的情况下，每隔1分钟重新预测电力的预测数据P1，在供电中反复通信。
利用上述的第1实施方式的结构，在延迟时间T为一定的情况下，利用电力预测装置120提前考虑到送电延迟的延迟时间T来预测需要从电动汽车1向房屋100供给的电力。所述电力的预测数据P1经由房屋通信装置118和车辆通信装置18向供电控制装置20通信。另外，供电控制装置20将相当于预测数据P1的电力向供电线圈14供给。所以，能够大幅降低房屋100所需要的电力和从供电线圈14供给的电力之间的时间延迟，能够将房屋侧的蓄电池容量大幅减小。
(第2实施方式)
图2是表示本发明的第2实施方式的框图。在本实施方式中，各电动汽车1的供电控制装置20存储预先通过实测或者计算而算出的延迟时间T。另外，电动汽车1的车辆通信装置18的结构为将存储的延迟时间T向房屋通信装置118通信。其他的结构与第1实施方式相同。
利用上述的结构，电动汽车1停止并开始供电之前，能够将供电控制装置20所存储的延迟时间T从车辆通信装置18向房屋通信装置118通信。该通信在供电开始前可以只实施1次，也可以实施多次。电力的预测数据P1从电力预测装置120向供电控制装置20的通信可以在供电过程中反复实施。
根据第2实施方式的结构，即使在每台电动汽车1的延迟时间T不同的情况下，也能够提前考虑到送电延迟的延迟时间T来通过电力预测装置120预测需要从电动汽车1向房屋100供给的电力。所述电力的预测数据P1经由房屋通信装置118和车辆通信装置18向供电控制装置20通信。另外，供电控制装置20将相当于预测数据P1的电力向供电线圈14供给。所以，能够大幅降低房屋100所需要的电力和从供电线圈14供给的电力之间的时间延迟，能够将房屋侧的蓄电池容量大幅减小。
(第3实施方式)
图3是表示本发明的第3实施方式的框图。在本实施方式中，受电电路116具有测量受电电力P2的受电电力测定装置117。另外，电力预测装置120的结构为根据受电电力测定装置117测量的受电电力P2来实测延迟时间T。其他的结构与第1实施方式相同。还有，电力测定的具体电路结构在例如专利文献7中公开。
根据上述的第3实施方式的结构，受电电力测定装置117测量时时刻刻变化的受电电力P2，将测量结果向电力预测装置120发送。所以，能够通过电力预测装置120来实测延迟时间T。另外，在电力的预测数据P1变化(增加或者减少)的情况下，通过将直到受电电力P2增加或者减少为止的时间差作为延迟时间T，能够一直准确地测定延迟时间T。
根据上述的实施方式，供电线圈14和受电线圈114以预先设定的间隔距离形成电磁耦合电路。因此，能够通过供电线圈14以及受电线圈114间的非接触供电从电动汽车1向房屋100供给需要的电力，不需要电缆的连接操作。所以，能够从本质上避免伴随电缆的连接/拆卸的电气连接不良的发生。另外，通过电力预测装置120提前考虑到送电延迟的延迟时间T预测需要从电动汽车1向房屋100供给的电力，将所述电力的预测数据P1经由房屋通信装置118和车辆通信装置18向供电控制装置20通信，并且，供电控制装置20将与预测数据P1相当的电力向供电线圈14供给。所以，能够大幅降低房屋100所需要的电力和从供电线圈14供给的电力之间的时间延迟，能够将房屋100侧的蓄电池容量大幅减小。
还有，本发明不局限于上述的实施方式。本发明由权利要求书中的记载表示，还包含与权利要求书中的记载等同的意义以及范围内的所有变更。电磁耦合电路只要是能够实现从供电线圈向受电线圈的非接触供电的方式，则不局限于“电磁感应方式”以及“磁场共振方式”。
产业上的使用可能性
根据本发明涉及的房屋用电力供给系统，能够从电动汽车向房屋供给需要的电力，能够从本质上避免伴随电缆的连接/拆卸的电气连接不良，能够大幅降低送电延迟，并且能够将房屋侧的蓄电池容量大幅减小。
符号说明
1   电动汽车
12  蓄电池
14  供电线圈
16  供电电路
18  车辆通信装置
20  供电控制装置
100 房屋
114 受电线圈
116 受电电路
117 受电电力测定装置
118 房屋通信装置
120 电力预测装置
P1  预测数据
P2  受电电力
T   延迟时间

Claims (4)

1.一种从电动汽车向房屋供给电力的房屋用电力供给系统，其特征在于，
所述电动汽车具备：蓄电池、供电线圈、供电电路、车辆通信装置以及供电控制装置，该供电电路将所述蓄电池作为电源并且用适于非接触供电的电压电流波形来驱动所述供电线圈，该供电控制装置控制所述供电电路，
所述房屋具备：受电线圈、受电电路、能够与所述车辆通信装置通信的房屋通信装置、以及电力预测装置，该受电电路从所述受电线圈向所述房屋内接受电力，该电力预测装置预测所述房屋中需要的电力，
所述供电线圈和所述受电线圈构成为以预先设定的间隔距离形成电磁耦合电路，
所述电力预测装置构成为提前延迟时间来预测需要从所述电动汽车向所述房屋供给的电力，并将所述电力的预测数据经由所述房屋通信装置和所述车辆通信装置向所述供电控制装置进行通信，该延迟时间考虑到送电延迟，
所述供电控制装置构成为向所述供电线圈供给与所述电力的所述预测数据相当的电力。
2.如权利要求1所述的房屋用电力供给系统，其特征在于，
所述延迟时间是从输出由所述电力预测装置进行的所述电力的预测数据时起，到相当于所述预测数据的电力被供给到所述房屋为止的时间。
3.如权利要求2所述的房屋用电力供给系统，其特征在于，
各电动汽车的所述供电控制装置存储预先通过实测或者计算而算出的所述延迟时间，所述车辆通信装置构成为将所述房屋通信装置中存储的延迟时间进行通信。
4.如权利要求2所述的房屋用电力供给系统，其特征在于，
所述受电电路具有测量受电电力的受电电力测定装置，
所述电力预测装置构成为实测所述延迟时间。
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