CN104169409A - 冷冻机用润滑油组合物 - Google Patents
冷冻机用润滑油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104169409A CN104169409A CN201380016970.4A CN201380016970A CN104169409A CN 104169409 A CN104169409 A CN 104169409A CN 201380016970 A CN201380016970 A CN 201380016970A CN 104169409 A CN104169409 A CN 104169409A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- carbonatoms
- lubricating oil
- oil composition
- formula
- composition
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 63
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Abstract
冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其在基础油中配合有添加剂，前述添加剂为萘二甲酰亚胺化合物，使用该组合物的冷冻机的制冷剂是GWP为1000以下的不饱和氟化烃（不饱和HFC）。在使用本发明的冷冻机用润滑油组合物的开放型汽车空调、电动汽车空调、燃气热泵、空调、冰箱、自动贩卖机、陈列柜、热水供给系统、和冷冻·暖气系统等冷冻机器中，可以长期稳定地进行制冷剂的泄漏检测。因此，在使用对上述各种机器稳定性低的不饱和氟利昂制冷剂时，本发明的冷冻机用润滑油组合物极其有效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冷冻机用润滑油组合物。
背景技术
空调机系统、冷却系统中使用着各种制冷剂，制冷剂可能在使用中漏出到外部。因此，需要确定制冷剂的泄漏位置，即便现今，将肥皂水吹入系统内的配管或接头而通过气泡的有无来检测制冷剂泄漏的方法仍简易地受到使用。近年来，开发了使用荧光剂的泄漏检测方法，对于汽车空调来说，也有在冷冻循环的贮液干燥器内配置有制冷剂泄漏检测用荧光剂的汽车空调。
专利文献1、2中，通过将由呫吨或二萘嵌苯等多环芳香族化合物构成的荧光染料导入冷却系统来检测制冷剂泄漏。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开昭61-211391号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2006-52938号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
另一方面，用于空调机系统、冷却系统的制冷剂是对地球温暖化造成影响的化合物，因而地球温暖化系数（GWP）低的新型制冷剂受到研究。例如，R1234yf制冷剂等分子中具有碳-碳不饱和键的制冷剂（不饱和氟利昂制冷剂）、地球温暖化系数小且能使系统容量小型化的制冷剂（R32）等正在得到使用。
然而，对于如专利文献1、2所述的以往的荧光剂，得知若适用于使用地球温暖化系数低的制冷剂的系统中，则冷冻机油的热稳定性、化学稳定性会降低。
本发明的目的是提供即使含有制冷剂泄漏检测用荧光剂也具有与现行冷冻机油同等以上热稳定性和化学稳定性的冷冻机用润滑油组合物。
用于解决问题的方法
为了解决前述课题，本发明提供如下所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物。
〔1〕冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其是在基础油中配合有添加剂的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，前述添加剂为萘二甲酰亚胺化合物，使用该组合物的冷冻机的制冷剂是GWP为1000以下的不饱和氟化烃（不饱和HFC）。
〔2〕上述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，前述GWP为1000以下的HFC是碳原子数3的不饱和HFC。
〔3〕上述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，以组合物总量为基准，前述萘二甲酰亚胺化合物的配合量为0.1质量%以上且10质量%以下。
〔4〕上述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，前述冷冻机的制冷剂是进一步配合有饱和氟化烃（饱和HFC）、二氧化碳（CO2）、碳原子数5以下的烃（HC）、氨、和下述分子式（A）所示的含氟有机化合物中的任一种的制冷剂。
CpOqFrRs （A）
式中，R表示Cl、Br、I或氢，p为1至6的整数，q为0至2的整数，r为1至14的整数，s为0至13的整数；其中，q为0时，p为2至6，分子中具有1个以上碳-碳不饱和键。
〔5〕上述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，前述基础油是选自烷基苯、烷基萘、聚-α-烯烃、聚乙烯基醚、聚亚烷基二醇、聚碳酸酯、多元醇酯、和下述式（1）所示的醚系化合物中的至少一种，
Ra―〔(ORb)n―（B）―（ORc)k〕x―Rd （1）
式中，Ra、Rd各自为氢原子、碳原子数1至10的烷基、碳原子数2至10的酰基或具有2至6个键合部的碳原子数1至10的烃基，Rb、Rc各自为碳原子数2至4的亚烷基，n、k为0至20的整数，x为1至6的整数；（B）为含有3个以上下述式（2）所示的单体单元的聚合部；
[化1]
式中，R4、R5和R6各自表示氢原子或碳原子数1至8的烃基，它们可以相互相同或不同，R7表示碳原子数1至10的二价烃基或碳原子数2至20的二价的含醚键氧的烃基，R8表示氢原子、碳原子数1至20的烃基，m表示平均值为0至10的数，m为多个时，在每个构成单元中可以相同或不同，R4至R8在每个构成单元中可以相同或不同，另外R7O为多个时，多个R7O可以相同或不同；另外，式（1）中的k、n均为0时，式（2）中，m为1以上的整数。
〔6〕上述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，100℃运动粘度为1mm2/s至50mm2/s的范围。
〔7〕上述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，在基础油中进一步配合选自极压剂、油性剂、抗氧化剂、酸捕捉剂、金属钝化剂和消泡剂中的至少一种添加剂。
〔8〕上述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，其用于开放型汽车空调、电动汽车空调、燃气热泵、空调、冰箱、自动贩卖机或陈列柜的各种热水供给系统、或者冷冻?暖气系统。
本发明的冷冻机用润滑油组合物在各种制冷剂气氛下在热学和化学性上稳定，长期发挥泄漏检测能力。因此，优选对使用具有不饱和键的不稳定的制冷剂的冷冻机适用本发明的润滑油组合物。
具体实施方式
本发明的冷冻机用润滑油组合物（以下，也简称为“本组合物”）是在基础油中配合有添加剂的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，前述添加剂为萘二甲酰亚胺化合物。以下进行详细说明。
作为基础油，可以是矿物油或合成系基础油的任一者。作为合成系基础油，例如，优选为选自烷基苯（AB）、烷基萘（AN）、聚-α-烯烃（PAO）、聚乙烯基醚（PVE）、聚亚烷基二醇（PAG）、聚碳酸酯（PC）、多元醇酯（POE）、和前述式（1）所示的醚化合物（ECP）中的至少一种。
以下，首先对这些基础油进行说明。
（1）矿物油
作为矿物油，优选所谓的高度精炼矿物油，可举出例如：对石蜡基系原油、中间基系原油或环烷烃基系原油进行常压蒸馏、或将常压蒸馏的残渣油减压蒸馏并将所得的馏出油依照常法进行精炼而得的精炼油；或者在精炼后进一步进行深脱蜡处理而得的深脱蜡油；以及通过氢化处理而得的氢化处理油等。此时的精炼方法没有特别限制，可使用各种方法。
（2）烷基苯（AB）
用于冷冻机油的烷基苯均可使用，优选烷基的总碳原子数（烷基为多个时为各烷基的总和）为20以上的烷基苯（单烷基苯，二烷基苯，三烷基苯），总碳原子数为20以上并且具有2个以上烷基的烷基苯（二烷基苯等）从热稳定性的观点出发更优选。
（3）烷基萘（AN）
作为烷基萘，优选使用萘环上键合有2个或3个烷基的烷基萘。特别地，作为这种烷基萘，从热稳定性的观点出发，进一步优选总碳原子数为20以上的烷基萘。本发明中，这些烷基萘可以单独使用，也可以混合使用。
（4）聚-α-烯烃（PAO）
作为聚-α-烯烃，可以使用各种聚-α-烯烃，通常是碳原子数8至18的α-烯烃的聚合物。其中，作为优选的聚-α-烯烃，从热稳定性、润滑性的观点出发，可举出1-十二碳烯、1-癸烯或1-辛烯的聚合物等。其中，优选1-癸烯的聚合物。应予说明，本发明中，作为聚-α-烯烃，特别是从热稳定性的观点出发，可优选使用其氢化处理物。这些聚-α-烯烃可以单独使用，也可以混合使用。
（5）聚乙烯基醚（PVE）
作为基础油使用的聚乙烯基醚有：将乙烯基醚单体聚合而得的产物（以下，称为聚乙烯基醚I）、和将乙烯基醚单体和具有烯烃性双键的烃单体共聚而得的产物（以下称为聚乙烯基醚共聚物II）。
作为用作聚乙烯基醚I的原料的乙烯基醚单体，可举出例如：乙烯基甲基醚；乙烯基乙基醚；乙烯基正丙基醚；乙烯基异丙基醚等。这些乙烯基醚系单体可通过公知方法制造。
作为可用作聚乙烯基醚共聚物II的原料的乙烯基醚单体，可举出与前述例示的乙烯基醚单体相同的乙烯基醚单体，它们可以单独使用，也可以组合2种以上使用。此外，作为另一种原料即具有烯烃性双键的烃单体，可举出例如：乙烯、丙烯、各种丁烯、各种戊烯、各种己烯、各种庚烯、各种辛烯、二异丁烯、三异丁烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、各种烷基取代苯乙烯等。特别优选聚乙基乙烯基醚、聚异丁基乙烯基醚、聚乙基乙烯基醚和聚异丁基乙烯基醚的共聚物。
（6）聚亚烷基二醇（PAG）
本组合物中，作为可用作基础油的聚亚烷基二醇，可举出例如下述式（3）所示的化合物。
R9-［（OR10）m1-OR11］n1 （3）
式中，R9表示氢原子、碳原子数1至10的烷基、碳原子数2至10的酰基或具有2个至6个键合部的碳原子数1至10的脂肪族烃基，R10表示碳原子数2～4的亚烷基，R11表示氢原子、碳原子数1～10的烷基或碳原子数2至10的酰基，n1表示1至6的整数，m1表示m1×n1的平均值为6至80的数。
作为这种聚亚烷基二醇类，从经济性和效果方面出发，优选例如：聚氧丙二醇二甲基醚、聚氧丙二醇单甲基醚、聚（氧乙烯）（氧丙烯）二醇二甲基醚、聚（氧乙烯）（氧丙烯）二醇单甲基醚、聚氧丙二醇单丁基醚、聚丙二醇二乙酸酯等。
（7）聚碳酸酯（PC）
本组合物中，作为可用作基础油的聚碳酸酯系化合物，优选可举出1分子中具有2个以上碳酸酯键的聚碳酸酯，即选自（A）下述式（4）所示的化合物、和（B）下述式（5）所示的化合物中的至少一种。
[化2]
式中，Z表示从碳原子数1至12的c元醇中除去羟基而得的残基，R12表示碳原子数2至10的直链状或分支状亚烷基，R13表示碳原子数1至12的一价的烃基或R15（O-R14）d-（其中，R15表示氢原子或碳原子数1至12的一价的烃基，R14表示碳原子数2至10的直链状或分支状亚烷基，d表示1至20的整数）所示的含有醚键的基团，a表示1至30的整数，b表示1至50的整数，c表示1至6的整数。
[化3]
式中，R16表示碳原子数2至10的直链状或分支状亚烷基，e表示1至20的整数，Z、R12、R13、a、b和c与前述相同。
前述式（4）和式（5）中，Z是从碳原子数1至12的一元至六元的醇中除去羟基而得的残基，特别优选为从碳原子数1至12的一元醇中除去羟基而得的残基。
（8）多元醇酯（POE）
本组合物中，作为可用作基础油的多元醇酯系化合物，可优选使用二元醇或具有3个至20个左右羟基的多元醇与碳原子数1至24左右的脂肪酸的酯。从水解稳定性的观点出发，特别优选多元醇，更优选新戊二醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丁烷和季戊四醇的酯，由于与制冷剂的相溶性和水解稳定性特别优异，因而季戊四醇的酯最优选。
作为脂肪酸，从润滑性的观点出发，优选碳原子数3以上的脂肪酸、更优选碳原子数4以上的脂肪酸、进一步优选碳原子数5以上的脂肪酸、最优选碳原子数10以上的脂肪酸。此外，从与制冷剂的相溶性的观点出发，优选碳原子数18以下的脂肪酸、更优选碳原子数12以下的脂肪酸、进一步更优选碳原子数9以下的脂肪酸。此外，可以是直链状脂肪酸、分支状脂肪酸的任一者，从润滑性的观点出发，优选直链状脂肪酸，从水解稳定性的观点出发，优选分支状脂肪酸。进而，可以是饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸的任一者。特别优选季戊四醇辛酸壬酸酯。
（9）醚系化合物
本组合物中，作为基础油，可优选举出具有下述式（1）所示结构的醚系化合物。
Ra―〔(ORb)n―（B）―（ORc)k〕x―Rd （1）
这里，式中，Ra、Rd各自为氢原子、碳原子数1至10的烷基、碳原子数2至10的酰基或具有2至6个键合部的碳原子数1至10的烃基，Rb、Rc各自为碳原子数2至4的亚烷基，n、k为0至20的整数，x为1至6的整数。（B）为含有3个以上下述式（2）所示的单体单元的聚合部。
[化4]
式（2）中，R4、R5和R6各自表示氢原子或碳原子数1至8的烃基，它们可以相互相同或不同。R7表示碳原子数1至10的二价烃基或碳原子数2至20的二价的含醚键氧的烃基。R8表示氢原子、碳原子数1至20的烃基。m表示平均值为0至10的数，m为多个时，在每个构成单元中可以相同或不同，R4至R8在每个构成单元中可以相同或不同，另外R7O为多个时，多个R7O可以相同或不同。此外，式（1）中的k、n均为0时，式（2）中，m为1以上的整数。
如前所述的醚系化合物可通过将亚烷基二醇或聚亚烷基二醇、或它们的单醚作为引发剂（initiator），使乙烯基醚单体进行聚合来制造。
作为醚系化合物，从合成反应的稳定性的观点出发，优选为具有下述末端结构者，即，末端具有：在式（1）中，Ra为氢原子、n＝0，且剩余的末端具有Rd为氢原子、k＝0所示结构者。特别优选聚丙二醇与聚乙基乙烯基醚的共聚物、聚乙二醇与聚乙基乙烯基醚的共聚物。
此外，从蒸发的抑制、引火点、作为冷冻机油的性能等观点出发，上述各合成系基础油（化合物）的分子量优选为150至5000的范围，更优选为300至3000的范围。此外，粘度指数优选为60以上。
本发明中，上述各基础油（矿物油、合成系基础油）可以单独使用或混合使用，但在各情形中，优选的100℃运动粘度为1mm2/s以上且50mm2/s以下，更优选为3mm2/s以上且50mm2/s以下，进一步优选为5mm2/s以上且30mm2/s以下，特别优选为5mm2/s以上且20mm2/s以下。
本组合物中的基础油的粘度指数优选为60以上，更优选为80以上，进一步优选为100以上。
本组合物中，相对于基础油，将萘二甲酰亚胺化合物作为添加剂配合。以下，也将该添加剂称为本添加剂。
本添加剂在制冷剂和本组合物从冷冻机（冷冻系统）泄漏时作为泄漏检测剂发挥功能。即，如萘二甲酰亚胺结构那样具有共役体系的化合物通过照射紫外线而发出荧光，因而可容易地发现泄漏部位。而且，包含配合了本添加剂的润滑油组合物和制冷剂的系统在热学和化学上均稳定。
这里，萘二甲酰亚胺化合物是指例如具有如下式（6）所示骨架结构的化合物。
[化5]
这里，R1和R2是可以相同或不同的取代基，也可以是饱和烃、不饱和烃或芳香族烃。这种萘二甲酰亚胺化合物可通过所得产物为上述式（6）的结构的范围内那样的、4-氯-1，8-萘二甲酸酐与至少一种醚胺、至少一种分支烷基胺或它们的混合物之间的取代反应而得到。具体地，优选可举出如以下式（7）、式（8）的结构的萘二甲酰亚胺化合物。
[化6]
以润滑油组合物为基准，上述萘二甲酰亚胺化合物的优选配合量（添加量）优选为0.001质量%以上且10质量%以下、更优选为0.001质量%以上且5质量%以下、进一步优选为0.001质量%以上且0.5质量%以下、最优选为0.001质量%以上且0.1质量%以下。配合量若较该下限值少，则即使本组合物从冷冻机漏出，荧光量也少，可能难以发现泄漏部位。另一方面，即使较上限值更多地配合，也并不特别提高作为泄漏检测剂的效果，反而有可能阻碍本组合物的稳定性。
本组合物所适用的制冷剂是GWP为1000以下的不饱和氟化烃（不饱和HFC）。例如，可举出碳原子数2至6的直链状或分支状的链状烯烃或碳原子数4至6的环状烯烃的氟化物。
具体地，可举出：导入有1至3个氟原子的乙烯、导入有1至5个氟原子的丙烯、导入有1至7个氟原子的丁烯类、导入有1至9个氟原子的戊烯类、导入有1至11个氟原子的己烯类、导入有1至5个氟原子的环丁烯、导入有1至7个氟原子的环戊烯、导入有1至9个氟原子的环己烯等。其中，选择GWP为1000以下的不饱和HFC即可。
这些不饱和HFC中，优选碳原子数3的不饱和HFC。特别地，C3HF3、C3H2F4和C3H3F3中任一分子式所示的化合物的地球温暖化系数均低，故优选。作为这些丙烯的氟化物，可举出例如：五氟丙烯的各种异构体、3，3，3-三氟丙烯、1，3，3，3-四氟丙烯和2，3，3，3-四氟丙烯等，特别地，1，3，3，3-四氟丙烯（HFO1234ze）和2，3，3，3-四氟丙烯（HFO1234yf）由于地球温暖化系数低而优选。
此外，可优选使用碳原子数1或2的饱和氟化烃制冷剂与碳原子数3的不饱和氟化烃制冷剂的组合。作为这样的组合，可举出例如前述的HFO1234yf与CH2F2（HFC32）的组合、HFO1234ze与HFC32的组合、HFO1234yf与CHF2CH3（HFC152a）的组合、和HFO1234ze与HFC152a的组合等。
使用本组合物的冷冻机的制冷剂中可进一步配合饱和氟化烃（饱和HFC）、二氧化碳（CO2）、碳原子数5以下的烃（HC）、氨、和下述分子式（A）所示的含氟化合物等。
CpOqFrRs （A）
式中，R表示Cl、Br、I或氢，p为1至6的整数，q为0至2的整数，r为1至14的整数，s为0至13的整数；其中，q为0时，p为2至6，分子中具有1个以上碳-碳不饱和键。
作为饱和HFC，优选碳原子数1至4的烷烃的氟化物，特别优选碳原子数1或2的甲烷或乙烷的氟化物即三氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、1，1-二氟乙烷、1，1，1-三氟乙烷、1，1，2-三氟乙烷、1，1，1，2-四氟乙烷、1，1，2，2-四氟乙烷、1，1，1，2，2-五氟乙烷。
接着，对前述分子式（A）所示的制冷剂进行说明。
分子式（A）表示分子中的元素的种类和数目，式（A）表示碳原子C的数p为1至6的含氟有机化合物。只要是碳原子数为1至6的含氟有机化合物，则可具有作为制冷剂所要求的沸点、凝固点、蒸发潜热等物理、化学性质。
分子式（A）中，Cp所示的p个碳原子的键合方式包括碳-碳单键、碳-碳双键等不饱和键、碳―氧双键等。对于碳-碳不饱和键，从稳定性的观点出发，优选为碳-碳双键，其数目为1以上，优选为1。
分子式（A）中，Oq所示的q个氧原子的键合方式优选为来源于醚基、羟基或羰基的氧。该氧原子的数目q可以为2，也包括具有2个醚基或羟基等的情形。Oq中的q为0且分子中不含氧原子的情形中，p为2至6且分子中具有1个以上的碳-碳双键等不饱和键。即，Cp所示的p个碳原子的键合方式的至少一种需要为碳-碳不饱和键。
分子式（A）中，R表示Cl、Br、I或氢，可以是它们中的任一者，但出于破坏臭氧层的担心小的观点，R优选为氢。
如上所述，作为分子式（A）所示的含氟有机化合物，优选可举出不饱和氟化烃化合物、氟化醚化合物、氟化醇化合物和氟化酮化合物等。
本组合物中，在不损害本发明目的的范围内，还可以含有选自极压剂、油性剂、抗氧化剂、酸捕捉剂、金属钝化剂和消泡剂中的至少一种添加剂。
作为极压剂，可举出：磷酸酯、酸性磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、酸性亚磷酸酯和它们的胺盐等磷系极压剂；羧酸的金属盐；硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化酯、硫化烯烃、二羟基多硫化物、硫代氨基甲酸酯类、硫代萜烯类、和硫代二丙酸二烷基酯类等硫系极压剂。
从润滑性和稳定性的观点出发，基于组合物总量，上述极压剂的配合量优选为0.001质量%以上且10质量%以下。
作为油性剂的实例，可举出：硬脂酸、油酸等脂肪族饱和与不饱和单羧酸；二聚酸、氢化二聚酸等聚合脂肪酸；蓖麻酸、12-羟基硬脂酸等羟基脂肪酸；月桂醇、油醇等脂肪族饱和与不饱和一元醇；硬脂胺、油基胺等脂肪族饱和与不饱和单胺；月桂酰胺、油酰胺等脂肪族饱和与不饱和单羧酰胺；甘油、山梨糖醇等多元醇与脂肪族饱和或不饱和单羧酸的偏酯等。
基于组合物总量，上述油性剂的配合量优选为0.01质量%以上且10质量%以下。
作为抗氧化剂，优选2，6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2，6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2，2’-亚甲基双（4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚）等酚系；苯基-α-萘基胺、N.N’-二苯基-对苯二胺等胺系。从效果和经济性等观点出发，基于组合物总量，抗氧化剂的优选配合量为0.01质量%以上且5质量%以下。
作为酸捕捉剂，可举出例如：苯基缩水甘油醚、烷基缩水甘油醚、亚烷基二醇缩水甘油醚（例如，聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚）、苯基缩水甘油酯、烷基缩水甘油酯、氧化环己烯、α-烯烃氧化物、环氧化大豆油等环氧化合物。其中，从相溶性的观点出发，优选苯基缩水甘油醚、烷基缩水甘油醚、亚烷基二醇缩水甘油醚、氧化环己烯、α-烯烃氧化物。
此外，从效果和抑制淤渣产生的观点出发，基于组合物总量，其优选的配合量为0.005质量%以上且5质量%以下。
本发明中，通过配合该酸捕捉剂，可以进一步提高本组合物的稳定性。此外，通过并用前述的极压剂和抗氧化剂，可发挥进一步提高稳定性的效果。
作为金属钝化剂，可举出例如：N-［N’，N’-二烷基（碳原子数3至12的烷基）氨基甲基］甲基苯并三唑等，作为前述消泡剂，可举出例如：硅油或氟化硅油等。
本组合物中，优选的40℃运动粘度为1mm2/s以上且400mm2/s以下，更优选为3mm2/s以上且300mm2/s以下，进一步优选为5mm2/s以上且200mm2/s以下。
使用本组合物的冷冻机中，对于前述各种制冷剂与本组合物的使用量，以制冷剂/本组合物的质量比计，优选为99/1～10/90、进而95/5～30/70的范围。制冷剂的量较上述范围少时，观察到冷冻能力的降低，而较上述范围多时，润滑性能降低，故不优选。
作为本组合物所适用的冷冻机（冷冻系统），可举出：以压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀机构（毛细管、膨胀阀）、蒸发器为必需构成要素的冷冻系统，或具有喷射器循环的冷冻系统或具有干燥装置（干燥剂：天然?合成沸石）的冷冻系统。前述压缩机可以开放型、半密闭型、密闭型的任一者，密闭型的发动机是AC发动机或DC发动机。此外，作为压缩方式，可以是旋转式、涡旋式、摇摆式或活塞式的任一者。作为压缩机，可以是0.2kW左右的小型压缩机，也可以是30kW左右的大型压缩机。
此外，在该冷冻系统中，系统内的水分含量优选为500质量ppm以下、更优选为300质量ppm以下。此外，残留空气分压优选为13kPa以下，更优选为10kPa以下，进一步优选为5kPa以下。
本组合物由于在基础油中配合有作为添加剂的萘二甲酰亚胺化合物，因而不会损害润滑油组合物的热学和化学稳定性。所以，在使用本发明的冷冻机用润滑油组合物的汽车空调、电动汽车空调、燃气热泵、空调、冰箱、自动贩卖机或陈列柜的各种热水供给系统、和冷冻?暖气系统冷冻机等中，可以长期稳定地检测制冷剂的泄漏。本组合物在使用对上述各种机器稳定性低的不饱和氟利昂制冷剂时极其有效。
实施例
接着，通过实施例进一步详细说明本发明，但本发明并不受这些例子的任何限定。
〔实施例1～10和比较例1～10〕
制备表1、2所示配合组成的润滑油组合物，通过以下所示的热稳定性试验对组合物的热学?化学稳定性进行评价。应予说明，未添加泄漏检测剂的润滑油组合物作为参考例1、2示于表1。
＜热稳定性试验＞
在内容积200mL的高压釜中填充组合物/制冷剂（30g/30g的比率、组合物中的水分500质量ppm）、与由铁、铜和铝制成的金属催化剂，进行封管（空气25mL），在温度175℃的条件保持168小时后，测定酸值。应予说明，酸值是根据JIS K2501中所规定的“润滑油中和试验方法”，通过电位差法测定的。
作为制冷剂，使用了HFO1234yf（2，3，3，3-四氟丙烯）。
[表1]
[表2]
所用的基础油如下所述。
PAG：聚氧丙二醇二甲基醚、100℃运动粘度：9.25mm2/s
PVE：聚乙烯基醚、100℃运动粘度：15.97mm2/s
ECP：聚乙烯基醚-聚亚烷基二醇共聚物（摩尔比1：1）、100℃运动粘度：9.56mm2/s
POE：多元醇酯）、40℃运动粘度：68.5mm2/s。
表中的泄漏检测剂等如下所述。
泄漏检测剂1：萘二甲酰亚胺化合物（スペクトロニクス社制 GS-1/PAG）
泄漏检测剂2：2-(4-叔丁基苯基)-5-(4-联苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑
酸捕捉剂：碳原子数12，14的α烯烃氧化物
氧捕捉剂：碳原子数16的α烯烃
其它添加剂：抗氧化剂、极压剂。
〔评价结果〕
由表1的结果可知，在将配合有作为泄漏检测剂1的萘二甲酰亚胺化合物的润滑油组合物与制冷剂混合的系统即实施例1～10中，酸值均几乎不变高，热学?化学稳定性高。
另一方面，由表2的结果可知，配合了与萘二甲酰亚胺化合物具有不同结构的泄漏检测剂的比较例1～10中，酸值均变高，热学?化学稳定性不充分。此外，根据未添加泄漏检测剂的参考例1、2的数据，可知比较例的泄漏检测剂2显著降低了润滑油组合物的热学?化学稳定性。
由以上结果可理解，配合了规定添加剂的本发明的冷冻机用润滑油组合物即使用于使用了具有不稳定结构的制冷剂的冷冻机，也可长期稳定地进行制冷剂的泄漏检测。
Claims (8)
1.冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其是在基础油中配合有添加剂的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
前述添加剂为萘二甲酰亚胺化合物，
使用该组合物的冷冻机的制冷剂是GWP为1000以下的不饱和氟化烃（不饱和HFC）。
2.权利要求1所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
前述GWP为1000以下的HFC是碳原子数3的不饱和HFC。
3.权利要求1或2所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
以组合物总量为基准，前述萘二甲酰亚胺化合物的配合量为0.1质量%以上且10质量%以下。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
前述冷冻机的制冷剂是进一步配合有饱和氟化烃（饱和HFC）、二氧化碳（CO2）、碳原子数5以下的烃（HC）、氨、和下述分子式（A）所示的含氟有机化合物中的至少任一种的制冷剂，
CpOqFrRs （A）
式中，R表示Cl、Br、I或氢，p为1至6的整数，q为0至2的整数，r为1至14的整数，s为0至13的整数；其中，q为0时，p为2至6，分子中具有1个以上碳-碳不饱和键。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
前述基础油是选自烷基苯、烷基萘、聚-α-烯烃、聚乙烯基醚、聚亚烷基二醇、聚碳酸酯、多元醇酯、和下述式（1）所示的醚系化合物中的至少一种，
Ra―〔(ORb)n―（B）―（ORc)k〕x―Rd （1）
式中，Ra、Rd各自为氢原子、碳原子数1至10的烷基、碳原子数2至10的酰基或具有2至6个键合部的碳原子数1至10的烃基，Rb、Rc各自为碳原子数2至4的亚烷基，n、k为0至20的整数，x为1至6的整数；（B）为含有3个以上下述式（2）所示的单体单元的聚合部；
[化1]
式中，R4、R5和R6各自表示氢原子或碳原子数1至8的烃基，它们可以相互相同或不同，R7表示碳原子数1至10的二价烃基或碳原子数2至20的二价的含醚键氧的烃基，R8表示氢原子、碳原子数1至20的烃基，m表示平均值为0至10的数，m为多个时，在每个构成单元中可以相同或不同，R4至R8在每个构成单元中可以相同或不同，另外R7O为多个时，多个R7O可以相同或不同；另外，式（1）中的k、n均为0时，式（2）中，m为1以上的整数。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
100℃运动粘度为1mm2/s至50mm2/s的范围。
7.权利要求1至6中任一项所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，在基础油中进一步配合选自极压剂、油性剂、抗氧化剂、酸捕捉剂、金属钝化剂和消泡剂中的至少一种添加剂。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项所述的冷冻机用润滑油组合物，其特征在于，
其用于开放型汽车空调、电动汽车空调、燃气热泵、空调、冰箱、自动贩卖机、陈列柜、热水供给系统、和冷冻?暖气系统等中的冷冻机器。
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- 2013-03-21 EP EP13769324.8A patent/EP2832838B1/en active Active
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| WO2011118733A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | 出光興産株式会社 | 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112048355A (zh) * | 2014-10-03 | 2020-12-08 | 捷客斯能源株式会社 | 冷冻机油及冷冻机用工作流体组合物 |
| CN112048355B (zh) * | 2014-10-03 | 2022-10-11 | 捷客斯能源株式会社 | 冷冻机油及冷冻机用工作流体组合物 |
| CN108285776A (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-07-17 | 南京苏佰能能源科技有限公司 | 具有示警、检漏、抑爆功能碳氢制冷添加剂的应用方法 |
| CN108285776B (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2021-02-12 | 南京苏佰能能源科技有限公司 | 具有示警、检漏、抑爆功能碳氢制冷添加剂的应用方法 |
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| EP2832838A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
| KR20140142258A (ko) | 2014-12-11 |
| TW201348433A (zh) | 2013-12-01 |
| JP5893478B2 (ja) | 2016-03-23 |
| US9828567B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
| US9617497B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
| EP2832838A4 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
| JP2013209591A (ja) | 2013-10-10 |
| EP2832838B1 (en) | 2020-07-01 |
| US20150045265A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
| US20170166832A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
| KR101985566B1 (ko) | 2019-06-03 |
| CN104169409B (zh) | 2018-05-18 |
| WO2013146522A1 (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
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