TW201348433A - 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物(一) - Google Patents

冷凍機用潤滑油組成物(一) Download PDF

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TW201348433A
TW201348433A TW102110852A TW102110852A TW201348433A TW 201348433 A TW201348433 A TW 201348433A TW 102110852 A TW102110852 A TW 102110852A TW 102110852 A TW102110852 A TW 102110852A TW 201348433 A TW201348433 A TW 201348433A
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lubricating oil
oil composition
carbon atoms
carbon
composition
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TW102110852A
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Tomoya Matsumoto
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Idemitsu Kosan Co
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Abstract

本發明的冷凍機用潤滑油組成物係在基油中摻合添加劑而成,前述添加劑係萘二甲醯亞胺化合物,且使用該組成物的冷凍機之冷媒係GWP1000以下的不飽和氟化烴(不飽和HFC)。使用本發明冷凍機用潤滑油組成物的開放型汽車空調、電動汽車空調、瓦斯熱泵、空調、冰箱、自動販賣機、展示櫃、熱水供給系統、及冷凍‧暖房系統等之冷凍機器,可長期間安定地進行冷媒之漏洩檢測。故,當使用對該等各種機器呈安定性較低之不飽和氟龍冷媒時,本發明的冷凍機用潤滑油組成物極為有效。

Description

冷凍機用潤滑油組成物(一) 發明領域
本發明係關於冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
發明背景
在空調機系統、冷卻系統中有使用各種冷媒,但在使用中會有冷媒洩漏出至外部的可能性。所以會有將冷媒漏洩所在予以特定的必要,即便時下仍簡易地採取將肥皂水吹向於系統內的配管或接頭,利用有無氣泡而檢測冷媒洩漏的方法。近年有開發出使用螢光劑的漏出檢測方法,就汽車空調亦有在冷凍循環的儲液乾燥器內配置冷媒洩漏檢測用螢光劑者。
文獻1(日本專利特開昭61-211391號公報)、文獻2(日本專利特開2006-52938號公報)係藉由將由二苯并哌喃、苝等多環芳香族化合物構成的螢光染料導入冷卻系統中,而檢測冷媒洩漏。
另一方面,空調機系統及冷卻系統所使用的冷媒,因為屬於會對地球暖化造成影響的化合物,因而探討地球暖化係數(GWP)較低的新穎冷媒。例如使用R1234yf冷媒等在分子中於碳-碳間具有不飽和鍵的冷媒(不飽和氟龍 冷媒)、或地球暖化係數較小、能將系統容量小型化的冷媒(R32)等。
然而,如文獻1、2所記載的習知螢光劑,得知若利用於使用地球暖化係數較低之冷媒的系統,會導致冷凍機油的熱安定性、化學安定性降低。
發明概要
本發明目的在於提供:即便含有冷媒洩漏檢測用螢光劑,仍可具有與現行冷凍機油同等級以上熱安定性及化學安定性的冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
為解決前述課題,本發明係提供如下的冷凍機用潤滑油組成物。
[1]一種冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,係由在基油中摻合入添加劑而成,其特徵在於:前述添加劑係萘二甲醯亞胺化合物;使用該組成物的冷凍機之冷媒,係GWP1000以下的不飽和氟化烴(不飽和HFC)。
[2]上述冷凍機用潤滑油組成物中,前述GWP在1000以下的HFC,係碳數3的不飽和HFC。
[3]上述冷凍機用潤滑油組成物中,其以組成物全量基準計,前述萘二甲醯亞胺化合物的摻合量係0.1質量%以上且10質量%以下。
[4]上述冷凍機用潤滑油組成物中,前述冷凍機的冷媒係進一步摻合有飽和氟化烴(飽和HFC)、二氧化碳(CO2)、碳數5以下之碳氫化合物(HC)、氨、及下述分子式(A)所示 含氟有機化合物中之至少任1種。
CpOqFrRs (A)
(式中,R表示Cl、Br、I或氫;p為1至6的整數,q為0至2的整數,r為1至14的整數,s為0至13的整數。但,當q為0時,p為2至6;分子中具有1以上的碳-碳不飽和鍵)。
[5]上述冷凍機用潤滑油組成物中,前述基油係選自於烷基苯、烷基萘、聚-α-烯烴、聚乙烯醚、聚伸烷基二醇、聚碳酸酯、多元醇酯、及下式(1)所示醚系化合物中之至少1種。
Ra-[(ORb)n-(B)-(ORc)k]x-Rd (1)
(式中,Ra、Rd分別為氫原子、碳數1至10的烷基、碳數2至10的醯基或具有2個至6個鍵結部且碳數1至10的烴基;Rb、Rc分別為碳數2至4的伸烷基;n、k為0至20的整數;x為1至6的整數。(B)為含有3以上之下式(2)所示單體單元的聚合部)。
(式中,R4、R5及R6分別表示氫原子或碳數1至8的烴基,該等可彼此相同亦可相異;R7表示碳數1至10的二價烴基、或碳數2至20的含醚鍵之氧的二價烴基;R8表示氫原子、碳數1至20的烴基;m表示平均值為0至10的數值,當m為複數時,各個構成單元可相同亦可相異;R4至R8係各個構成單元可相同亦可相異,又當R7O為複數時,複數R7O可 相同亦可相異;又,式(1)中的k、n均為0時,式(2)中,m為1以上的整數)。
[6]上述冷凍機用潤滑油組成物中,其係100℃動黏度在1mm2/s至50mm2/s之範圍。
[7]上述冷凍機用潤滑油組成物係在基油中進一步摻合有選自於極壓劑、油性劑、抗氧化劑、酸捕獲劑、金屬鈍化劑及消泡劑中之至少1種添加劑。
[8]上述冷凍機用潤滑油組成物係使用於開放型汽車空調、電動汽車空調、瓦斯熱泵、空調、冰箱、自動販賣機、展示櫃、熱水供給系統、及冷凍‧暖房系統等的冷凍機器。
本發明的冷凍機用潤滑油組成物係在各種冷媒環境下的熱及化學性呈安定,仍長期間發揮漏洩檢測能力。所以,針對使用具有不飽和鍵之不安定冷媒的冷凍機,最好使用本發明的潤滑油組成物。
本發明的冷凍機用潤滑油組成物(以下亦簡稱「本組成物」)係由在基油中摻合入添加劑而構成的冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,而前述添加劑係萘二甲醯亞胺化合物。以下進行詳細說明。
基油係可為礦油或合成系基油任一者。合成系基油較佳係例如從烷基苯(AB)、烷基萘(AN)、聚-α-烯烴(PAO)、聚乙烯醚(PVE)、聚伸烷基二醇(PAG)、聚碳酸酯 (PC)、多元醇酯(POE)、及前述式(1)所示醚化合物(ECP)之中選擇至少1種。
以下,首先針對該等基油進行說明。
(1)礦油
礦油較佳係所謂的高度精製礦油,例如將石蠟基系原油、中間基系原油或環烷基系原油施行常壓蒸餾、或將常壓蒸餾的殘渣油施行減壓蒸餾而獲得的餾出油依照常法進行精製,而獲得的精製油;或者經精製後,更進一步施行深脫蠟處理(deep-dewaxing process)而獲得的深脫蠟油;以及更進一步利用氫化處理而獲得的氫化處理油等。此時的精製法並無特別的限制,可使用各種方法。
(2)烷基苯(AB)
舉凡冷凍機油所使用的烷基苯均可使用,但就熱安定性的觀點,較佳係烷基的總碳數(烷基為複數時,便為各個烷基的總和)達20以上之烷基苯(單烷基苯、二烷基苯、三烷基苯)、更佳係總碳數達20以上且具有2個以上烷基者(二烷基苯等)。
(3)烷基萘(AN)
烷基萘較佳係使用萘環上鍵結著2或3個烷基者。特別係就熱安定性的觀點,此種烷基萘更佳係總碳數達20以上者。本發明中,該等烷基萘係可單獨使用、亦可混合使用。
(4)聚-α-烯烴(PAO)
聚-α-烯烴係可使用各種物,但通常係碳數8至18 的α-烯烴之聚合物。其中,就熱安定性、潤滑性的觀點,較佳者可舉例如1-十二碳烯、1-癸烯或1-辛烯的聚合物等。其中,較佳係1-癸烯的聚合物。另外,本發明中,就熱安定性的觀點,聚-α-烯烴更佳係使用其氫化處理物。該等聚-α-烯烴係可單獨使用、亦可混合使用。
(5)聚乙烯醚(PVE)
當作基油使用的聚乙烯醚係有如:由乙烯醚單體進行聚合而獲得者(以下稱「聚乙烯醚I」)、及由乙烯醚單體與具有烯烴性雙鍵的烴單體進行共聚合而獲得者(以下稱「聚乙烯醚共聚物II」)。
當作聚乙烯醚I的原料使用之乙烯醚單體,係可舉例如:乙烯基甲醚、乙烯基乙醚、乙烯基正丙醚、乙烯基異丙醚等。該等乙烯醚系單體係可利用公知方法進行製造。
當作聚乙烯醚共聚物II之原料使用的乙烯醚單體,係可舉例如與前述例示的乙烯醚單體相同者,該等係可單獨使用1種、亦可組合使用2種以上。又,另一原料之具有烯烴性雙鍵的烴單體,係可舉例如:乙烯、丙烯、各種丁烯、各種戊烯、各種己烯、各種庚烯、各種辛烯、二異丁烯、三異丁烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、各種烷基取代苯乙烯等。特別較佳係聚乙基乙烯醚、聚異丁基乙烯醚、聚乙基乙烯醚與聚異丁基乙烯醚的共聚物。
(6)聚伸烷基二醇(PAG)
本組成物中,能當作基油使用的聚伸烷基二醇係 可舉例如下式(3)所示化合物。
R9-[(OR10)m1-OR11]n1 (3)
式中,R9係表示氫原子、碳數1至10的烷基、碳數2至10的醯基或具有2個至6個鍵結部且碳數1至10的脂肪族烴基;R10係表示碳數2~4的伸烷基;R11係表示氫原子、碳數1~10的烷基或碳數2至10的醯基;n1係表示1至6的整數,m1係表示m1×n1平均值成為6至80的數值。
就經濟性及效果的觀點,此種聚伸烷基二醇類較佳係例如:聚氧化丙二醇二甲醚、聚氧化丙二醇單甲醚、聚(氧乙烯)(氧化伸丙基)二醇二甲醚、聚(氧乙烯)(氧化伸丙基)二醇單甲醚、聚氧化丙二醇單丁醚、聚丙二醇二醋酸酯等。
(7)聚碳酸酯(PC)
本組成物中,當作基油使用的聚碳酸酯系化合物,係1分子中具有2個以上碳酸酯鍵結的聚碳酸酯,即較佳係可舉例如從①下式(4)所示化合物、及②下式(5)所示化合物之中選擇至少一種。
式中,Z係表示從碳數1至12的c元醇中去除羥基後的殘基;R12係表示碳數2至10的直鏈狀或分支狀伸烷基;R13係表示碳數1至12的一價烴基、或以R15(O-R14)d-(但,R15係表示氫原子或碳數1至12的一價烴基;R14係表示碳數2至10的直鏈狀或分支狀伸烷基;d係表示1至20的整數)所示之含有醚鍵結的基;a係表示1至30的整數,b係表示1至50的整數, c係表示1至6的整數。
式中,R16係表示碳數2至10的直鏈狀或分支狀伸烷基;e係表示1至20的整數;Z、R12、R13、a、b及c係如同前述。
前述式(4)及式(5)中,Z係經從碳數1至12的一元至六元醇中去除羥基後的殘基,較佳係經從碳數1至12的一元醇中去除羥基後的殘基。
(8)多元醇酯(POE)
本組成物中,當作基油使用的多元醇酯系化合物,係使用二醇或具有3個至20個左右羥基的多元醇、與碳數1至24左右之脂肪酸的酯為佳。就水解安定性的觀點,較佳係多元醇、更佳係新戊二醇、三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、三羥甲基丁烷、與新戊四醇的酯,就與冷媒間之相溶性及水解安定性特優的點,特佳係新戊四醇的酯。
就潤滑性的觀點,脂肪酸係碳數3以上者為佳、較佳係碳數4以上者、更佳係碳數5以上者、特佳係碳數10以上者。又,就與冷媒間之相溶性的觀點,較佳係碳數18以下者、更佳係碳數12以下者、特佳係碳數9以下者。又,可為直鏈狀脂肪酸、分支狀脂肪酸任一者,就潤滑性的觀點,較佳係直鏈狀脂肪酸,就水解安定性的觀點,較佳係分支狀脂肪酸。又,可為飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸任一者。特別較佳係新戊四醇辛酸壬酸酯。
(9)醚系化合物
本組成物中,基油較佳可舉例如具有下式(1)所示結構的醚系化合物。
Ra-[(ORb)n-(B)-(ORc)k]x-Rd (1)
其中,式中,Ra、Rd分別係氫原子、碳數1至10的烷基、碳數2至10的醯基或具有2個至6個鍵結部且碳數1至10的烴基;Rb、Rc分別係碳數2至4的伸烷基;n、k係0至20的整數;x係1至6的整數。(B)係含有下式(2)所示單體單元在3以上的聚合部。
式(2)中,R4、R5及R6分別係表示氫原子或碳數1至8的烴基,該等係可彼此相同亦可相異。R7係表示碳數1至10的二價烴基、或碳數2至20之含醚鍵之氧的二價烴基。R8係表示氫原子、碳數1至20的烴基。m係表示平均值為0至10的數值,當m為複數時,各個構成單元可相同亦可相異;R4至R8係各個構成單元可相同亦可相異,又當R7O具有複數時,複數R7O可相同亦可相異。又,式(1)的k、n均為0時,式(2)中m係1以上的整數。
如前述的醚系化合物係以伸烷基二醇或聚伸烷基二醇、或該等的單醚為起始劑,藉由使乙烯醚單體進行聚合便可進行製造。
就合成反應安定性的觀點,醚系化合物較佳係具有如下述末端結構者,即末端具有:在式(1)中Ra為氫原 子、n=0,且其餘末端係Rd為氫原子、k=0所示結構者。特別較佳係聚丙二醇與聚乙基乙烯醚的共聚物、聚乙二醇與聚乙基乙烯醚的共聚物。
再者,上述各合成系基油(化合物)的分子量,就抑制蒸發、引火點、當作冷凍機油用時的性能等觀點,較佳係150至5,000範圍、更佳係300至3000範圍。又,黏度指數較佳係60以上。
本發明中,上述各基油(礦油、合成系基油)係可單獨使用亦可混合使用,但不管何種情況,100℃動黏度以1mm2/s以上且50mm2/s以下為佳、較佳為3mm2/s以上且50mm2/s以下、更佳為5mm2/s以上且30mm2/s以下、特佳為5mm2/s以上且20mm2/s以下。
本組成物的基油黏度指數係60以上為佳、較佳係80以上、更佳係100以上。
本組成物係對基油,將萘二甲醯亞胺化合物當作添加劑並摻合入。以下,將該添加劑亦稱「本添加劑」。
本添加劑係當冷媒及本組成物從冷凍機(冷凍系統)洩漏時具有當作漏洩檢測劑的功能。即,如萘二甲醯亞胺結構之類具有共軛系的化合物,因為藉由照射紫外線會發出螢光,因而可輕易地發現洩漏所在。且,由經摻合入本添加劑的潤滑油組成物及冷媒所構成系統,不管熱性與化學性均呈安定。
此處所謂「萘二甲醯亞胺化合物」係指例如具有如下式(6)所示骨架結構的化合物。
其中,R1及R2係可為相同亦可為相異的取代基,亦可為飽和烴、不飽和烴或芳香族烴。此種萘二甲醯亞胺化合物係所獲得生成物利用上述式(6)結構範圍內的4-氯-1,8-萘二甲酸酐、與至少一個醚胺、至少一個分支烷基胺或該等混合物之間的取代反應便可獲得。具體較佳係可舉例如下式(7)、式(8)結構的萘二甲醯亞胺化合物:
依潤滑油組成物基準計,上述萘二甲醯亞胺化合物的摻合量(添加量)係0.001質量%以上且10質量%以下為佳、較佳係0.001質量%以上且5質量%以下、更佳係0.001質量%以上且0.5質量%以下、最佳係0.001質量%以上且0.1質量%以下。若摻合量少於該下限值,即便本組成物從冷 凍機中洩漏出但螢光量仍偏少,會有不易得知漏洩所在的可能性。另一方面,即便摻合多於上限值,並不會特別提升當作漏洩檢測劑的效果,反而會有阻礙本組成物安定性的可能性。
本組成物所適用的冷媒可適用的冷媒係GWP1000以下的不飽和氟化烴(不飽和HFC)。例如:碳數2至6的直鏈狀或分支狀鏈狀烯烴、碳數4至6之環狀烯烴的氟化物。
具體係可舉例如:經導入1個至3個氟原子的乙烯、經導入1個至5個氟原子的丙烯、經導入1個至7個氟原子的丁烯類、經導入1個至9個氟原子的戊烯類、經導入1個至11個氟原子的己烯類、經導入1個至5個氟原子的環丁烯、經導入1個至7個氟原子的環戊烯、經導入1個至9個氟原子的環己烯等。只要從該等之中選擇GWP1000以下的不飽和HFC便可。
該等不飽和HFC之中,較佳係碳數3的不飽和HFC。特別係就地球暖化係數較低的觀點,較佳係C3HF3、C3H2F4及C3H3F3中之任一分子式所示化合物。該等丙烯的氟化物係可舉例如:五氟丙烯的各種異構物、3,3,3-三氟丙烯、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、及2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯等,就地球暖化係數較低的觀點,較佳係1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO1234ze)、及2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO1234yf)。
再者,碳數1至2的飽和氟化烴冷媒、與碳數3的不飽和氟化烴冷媒之組合亦屬適用。此種組合係可舉例 如:前述HFO1234yf與CH2F2(HFC32)的組合、HFO1234ze與HFC32的組合、HFO1234yf與CHF2CH3(HFC152a)的組合、以及HFO1234ze與HFC152a的組合等。
在使用本組成物的冷凍機之冷媒中,亦可更進一步摻合入飽和氟化烴(飽和HFC)、二氧化碳(CO2)、碳數5以下的碳氫化合物(HC)、氨、及下述分子式(A)所示含氟化合物等。
CpOqFrRs (A)
(式中,R係表示Cl、Br、I或氫;p係1至6的整數,q係0至2的整數,r係1至14的整數,s係0至13的整數。但,當q為0時,p係2至6;分子中具有1以上的碳-碳不飽和鍵。)
飽和HFC較佳係碳數1至4之烷烴的氟化物,更佳係屬於碳數1至2之甲烷、乙烷的氟化物之諸如:三氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、1,1-二氟乙烷、1,1,1-三氟乙烷、1,1,2-三氟乙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷、1,1,1,2,2-五氟乙烷。
其次,針對前述分子式(A)所示冷媒進行詳細說明。
分子式(A)係表示分子中的元素種類與數量,式(A)係表示碳原子C的數量p為1至6的含氟有機化合物。若屬於碳數1至6的含氟有機化合物,便可具有當作冷媒時所要求的沸點、凝固點、蒸發潛熱等物理、化學性質。
分子式(A)中,Cp所示p個碳原子的鍵結形態係包括碳-碳單鍵、碳-碳雙鍵等不飽和鍵、碳-氧雙鍵等。就安定性的觀點,碳-碳不飽和鍵較佳係碳-碳雙鍵,其數量係達 1以上、較佳係1。
分子式(A)中,Oq所示q個氧原子的鍵結形態較佳係醚基、羥基或源自羰基的氧。該氧原子的數量q係可為2,亦包括具有2個醚基或羥基等的情況。當Oq的q為0且分子中未含有氧原子時,p便為2至6,且分子中具有1以上碳-碳雙鍵等不飽和鍵。即,Cp所示p個碳原子的鍵結形態中之至少1者必需係碳-碳不飽和鍵。
分子式(A)中,R係表示Cl、Br、I或氫,可為該等中之任一者,但就破壞臭氧層的威脅較小之觀點,R較佳係氫。
如上述,分子式(A)所示含氟有機化合物較佳係可舉例如:不飽和氟化烴化合物、氟化醚化合物、氟化醇化合物及氟化酮化合物等。
本組成物中,在不致損及本發明目的之範圍內,亦可含有從極壓劑、油性劑、抗氧化劑、酸捕獲劑、金屬鈍化劑及消泡劑之中選擇至少1種的添加劑。
極壓劑係可舉例如:磷酸酯、酸性磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯、酸性亞磷酸酯及該等的胺鹽等磷系極壓劑;羧酸的金屬鹽;硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化酯、硫化烯烴、二烴基多硫化物、硫代胺基甲酸酯類、硫代萜烯類、及硫代二丙酸二烷基酯類等硫系極壓劑。
就潤滑性及安定性的觀點,相對於組成物全量,上述極壓劑的摻合量係0.001質量%以上且10質量%以下為佳。
油性劑例方面,係可舉例如:硬脂酸、油酸等脂肪族飽和及不飽和單羧酸;二聚酸、氫化二聚酸等聚合脂肪酸;篦麻醇酸、12-羥基硬脂酸等羥脂肪酸;月桂醇、油醇等脂肪族飽和及不飽和單醇;硬脂胺、油胺等脂肪族飽和及不飽和單胺;月桂酸醯胺、油酸醯胺等脂肪族飽和及不飽和單羧酸醯胺;甘油、山梨糖醇等多元醇、與脂肪族飽和或不飽和單羧酸的部分酯等等。
相對於組成物全量,上述油性劑的摻合量較佳係0.01質量%以上且10質量%以下。
抗氧化劑係以例如:2,6-二第三丁基-4-甲基酚、2,6-二第三丁基-4-乙基酚、2,2'-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-第三丁基酚)等酚系;苯基-α-萘基胺、N.N'-二苯基-對伸苯二胺等胺系為佳。就效果及經濟性等觀點,相對於組成物全量,抗氧化劑的較佳摻合量係0.01質量%以上且5質量%以下。
酸捕獲劑係可舉例如:苯基環氧丙醚、烷基環氧丙醚、伸烷基二醇環氧丙醚(例如聚丙二醇二環氧丙醚)、苯基環氧丙基酯、烷基環氧丙基酯、氧化環己烯、α-烯烴氧化物、環氧化大豆油等環氧化合物。其中就相溶性的觀點,較佳係苯基環氧丙醚、烷基環氧丙醚、伸烷基二醇環氧丙醚、氧化環己烯、α-烯烴氧化物。
再者,就效果及抑制渣質產生的觀點,相對於組成物全量,其較佳摻合量係0.005質量%以上且5質量%以下。
本發明中,藉由摻合該酸捕獲劑,便可更加提升 本組成物的安定性。又,藉由併用前述極壓劑與抗氧化劑,便可發揮更進一步提升安定性的效果。
金屬鈍化劑係可舉例如:N-[N',N'-二烷基(碳數3至12的烷基)胺甲基]甲基苯并三唑等,前述消泡劑係可舉例如聚矽氧油、氟化聚矽氧油等。
本組成物中,40℃動黏度係以1mm2/s以上且400mm2/s以下為佳、較佳係3mm2/s以上且300mm2/s以下、更佳係5mm2/s以上且200mm2/s以下。
使用本組成物的冷凍機,相關前述各種冷媒與本組成物的使用量,依冷媒/本組成物的質量比計,較佳係99/1~10/90、更佳係95/5~30/70範圍。若冷媒量少於上述範圍時,會出現冷凍能力降低,又若多於上述範圍時便會導致潤滑性能降低,因而最好避免。
本組成物較適用的冷凍機(冷凍系統)係可舉例如以壓縮機、冷凝器、膨脹機構(毛細管、膨脹閥)、蒸發器為必要構成要件的冷凍系統,或者具有噴射循環的冷凍系統、或者具有乾燥裝置(乾燥劑:天然‧合成沸石)的冷凍系統。前述壓縮機係可為開放型、半密閉型、密閉型任一者,密閉型馬達係AC馬達或DC馬達。又,壓縮方式係可為迴轉式、渦卷式、擺盪式或活塞式任一者。壓縮機係可為0.2kW程度的小型壓縮機、亦可為30kW程度的大型壓縮機。
再者,該冷凍系統中,系統內的水分含有量係以500質量ppm以下為佳、較佳係300質量ppm以下。又,殘存空氣分壓係以13kPa以下為佳、較佳係10kPa以下、更佳係5kPa 以下。
本組成物係在基油中摻合入當作添加劑用之萘二甲醯亞胺化合物,因而不會損及潤滑油組成物的熱性及化學性安定性。故,使用本發明冷凍機用潤滑油組成物的汽車空調、電動汽車空調、瓦斯熱泵、空調、冰箱、自動販賣機或展示櫃的各種熱水供給系統、及冷凍‧暖房系統冷凍機等,可長期間安定地進行冷媒漏洩檢測。本組成物在當使用對該等各種機器呈較低安定性的不飽和氟龍冷媒時極為有效。
實施例
其次,針對本發明利用實施例進行更詳細說明,惟本發明並不僅侷限於該等例。
[實施例1~10及比較例1~10]
製備表1、2所示摻合組成的潤滑油組成物,利用以下所示熱安定性試驗進行組成物的熱‧化學安定性評價。另外,沒有添加漏洩檢測劑的潤滑油組成物在表1中記為參考例1、2。
<熱安定性試驗>
在內容積200mL熱壓鍋中充填入組成物/冷媒(30g/30g比率、組成物中的水分500質量ppm)、與由鐵、銅及鋁所構成的金屬觸媒予以封管(空氣25mL),於溫度175℃條件下保持168小時後,測定酸值。另外,酸值係根據JIS K2501所規定的「潤滑油中和試驗方法」,利用電位差法進行測定。
冷媒係使用HFO1234yf(2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯)。
所使用的基油係如下述: PAG:聚氧化丙二醇二甲醚、100℃動黏度:9.25mm2/s
PVE:聚乙烯醚、100℃動黏度:15.97mm2/s
ECP:聚乙烯醚-聚伸烷基二醇共聚合物(莫耳比1:1)、100℃動黏度:9.56mm2/s
POE:多元醇酯、40℃動黏度:68.5mm2/s
表中的漏洩檢測劑等係如下述:漏洩檢測劑1:萘二甲醯亞胺化合物(Spectronix公司製GS-1/PAG)
漏洩檢測劑2:2-(4-第三丁基苯基)-5-(4-伸聯苯基)-1,3,4-二唑
酸捕獲劑:碳數12、14之α-烯烴氧化物
氧捕捉劑:碳數16之α-烯烴
其他添加劑:抗氧化劑、極壓劑
[評價結果]
由表1的結果,摻合入當作漏洩檢測劑1之萘二甲醯亞胺化合物的潤滑油組成物、與冷媒的混合系統之實施例1~10,均係酸值幾乎不會太高,得知熱‧化學安定性高。
另一方面,由表2的結果得知,經摻合與萘二甲醯亞胺化合物具有不同結構之漏洩檢測劑的比較例1~10,酸值均偏高,得知熱‧化學安定性不足。又,從沒有添加漏洩檢測劑的參考例1、2的數據得知,比較例的漏洩檢測劑2係潤滑油組成物的熱‧化學安定性明顯降低。
由以上結果可理解到經添加預定添加劑的本發明冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,即便利用於使用具不安定結構的冷媒之冷凍機,仍可長期間安定地進行冷媒之洩漏檢測。

Claims (8)

  1. 一種冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,係由在基油中摻合入添加劑而成,其特徵在於:前述添加劑係萘二甲醯亞胺化合物;使用該組成物的冷凍機之冷媒,係GWP1000以下的不飽和氟化烴(不飽和HFC)。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,其中前述GWP在1000以下的HFC,係碳數3的不飽和HFC。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,其以組成物全量基準計,前述萘二甲醯亞胺化合物的摻合量係0.1質量%以上且10質量%以下。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,其中前述冷凍機的冷媒係進一步摻合有飽和氟化烴(飽和HFC)、二氧化碳(CO2)、碳數5以下之碳氫化合物(HC)、氨、及下述分子式(A)所示含氟有機化合物中之至少任1種;CpOqFrRs (A)(式中,R表示Cl、Br、I或氫;p為1至6的整數,q為0至2的整數,r為1至14的整數,s為0至13的整數;但,當q為0時,p為2至6;分子中具有1以上的碳-碳不飽和鍵)。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,其中前述基油係選自於烷基苯、烷基萘、聚-α-烯烴、聚乙烯 醚、聚伸烷基二醇、聚碳酸酯、多元醇酯、及下式(1)所示醚系化合物中之至少1種;Ra-[(ORb)n-(B)-(ORc)k]x-Rd (1)(式中,Ra、Rd分別為氫原子、碳數1至10的烷基、碳數2至10的醯基或具有2個至6個鍵結部且碳數1至10的烴基;Rb、Rc分別為碳數2至4的伸烷基;n、k為0至20的整數;x為1至6的整數;(B)為含有3以上之下式(2)所示單體單元的聚合部); (式中,R4、R5及R6分別表示氫原子或碳數1至8的烴基,該等可彼此相同亦可相異;R7表示碳數1至10的二價烴基、或碳數2至20的含醚鍵之氧的二價烴基;R8表示氫原子、碳數1至20的烴基;m表示平均值為0至10的數值,當m為複數時,各個構成單元可相同亦可相異;R4至R8係各個構成單元可相同亦可相異,又當R7O為複數時,複數R7O可相同亦可相異;又,式(1)中的k、n均為0時,式(2)中,m為1以上的整數)。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,其係100℃動黏度在1mm2/s至50mm2/s之範圍。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,其係在基油中進一步摻合有選自於極壓劑、油性劑、抗氧化劑、酸捕獲劑、金屬鈍化劑及消泡劑中之至少1種添加 劑。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之冷凍機用潤滑油組成物,其係使用於開放型汽車空調、電動汽車空調、瓦斯熱泵、空調、冰箱、自動販賣機、展示櫃、熱水供給系統、及冷凍‧暖房系統等的冷凍機器。
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US9828567B2 (en) 2017-11-28
US9617497B2 (en) 2017-04-11
CN104169409A (zh) 2014-11-26
EP2832838A4 (en) 2015-12-02
JP2013209591A (ja) 2013-10-10
EP2832838B1 (en) 2020-07-01
US20150045265A1 (en) 2015-02-12
US20170166832A1 (en) 2017-06-15
KR101985566B1 (ko) 2019-06-03
CN104169409B (zh) 2018-05-18
WO2013146522A1 (ja) 2013-10-03

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