CN104162997A - 复合结构及方法 - Google Patents

复合结构及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104162997A
CN104162997A CN201410206892.0A CN201410206892A CN104162997A CN 104162997 A CN104162997 A CN 104162997A CN 201410206892 A CN201410206892 A CN 201410206892A CN 104162997 A CN104162997 A CN 104162997A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fillet
composite
bag
radius filler
composite component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201410206892.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
S·W·斯塔夫斯基
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing Co
Original Assignee
Boeing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boeing Co filed Critical Boeing Co
Priority to CN201910373699.9A priority Critical patent/CN110077014A/zh
Publication of CN104162997A publication Critical patent/CN104162997A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/544—Details of vacuum bags, e.g. materials or shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00145—Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B29C66/494—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining using an inflatable core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/634—Internally supporting the article during joining using an inflatable core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446—Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B32B37/1009—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure using vacuum and fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及复合结构及方法。在一个实施例中，一种形成复合部件的方法包括接合第一结构元件和第二元件以在第一结构元件和第二元件的交叉点处形成圆角，将可膨胀半径填料安置在圆角中，将复合部件安置在真空室中，将可膨胀半径填料排放到真空室外部的环境中，在真空室中抽真空，以及固化复合部件。可能描述了其他实施例。

Description

复合结构及方法
技术领域
本文所描述的主题涉及制造技术，并且更具体地涉及形成在通常含有半径填料的区域中包括空气间隙的T形或I形复合结构的技术。
背景技术
复合结构被用在各种制造和建设操作中。举例来说，飞机的各种结构部件可由复合材料形成。并入形成T形或I形横截面的结构(例如梁或凸缘)的复合材料通常在结构的交叉点处形成圆角。在传统的制造技术中，这些圆角用通常被称为半径填料的化合物填充。在某些情况下，半径填料的使用在完整部件中产生结构性问题。
因此，复合结构及其制作方法可以用于例如在如飞机或船只的交通工具的建造中。
发明内容
在一个示例中，一种形成复合部件的方法包括接合第一结构元件和第二元件以在第一结构元件和第二元件的交叉点处形成圆角，将可膨胀半径填料安置在圆角中，将复合部件安置在真空室中，将可膨胀半径填料排放到真空室外部的环境中，在真空室中抽真空，以及固化复合部件。
在另一示例中，一种复合部件包括由复合材料形成并且在交叉点处接合以在交叉点处限定圆角的第一结构元件和第二元件，以及安置在圆角中的可膨胀半径填料。
在另一示例中，一种复合部件包括由复合材料形成并且在交叉点处接合以在交叉点处限定圆角的第一结构元件和第二元件，以及在圆角中的空气半径。
附图说明
根据本公开教导的方法和系统的实施例参考以下附图在下面详细描述。
图1是根据一些实施例的飞机生产和维护方法的流程图。
图2是根据一些实施例的飞机的框图。
图3A是根据一些实施例的复合结构的侧视图。
图3B是根据一些实施例的空气半径填料的透视图。
图3C是根据一些实施例的袋载体的透视图。
图3D是根据一些实施例的圆角的侧视图。
图3E是根据一些实施例的复合结构的侧视图。
图4是根据一些实施例示出在结构中安装线束的方法的操作的流程图。
图5是根据一些实施例的飞机的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中，对许多具体细节进行了阐述，以提供各种实施例的全面理解。然而，本领域技术人员将理解，各种实施例可以在没有具体细节的情况下实践。在其他实例中，众所周知的方法、过程、部件和电路没有详细示出或描述，以免混淆具体的实施例。
如本文所描述，复合结构可以被组装成结构部件以便在更大型结构例如飞机、宇宙飞船或水运交通工具中使用。举例来说，飞机结构如机翼和尾部通常包括由复合材料形成的结构部件。本文描述的实施例允许在不使用半径填料的情况下将复合结构组装成T形或I形部件，从而提高制造过程的效率，并能够实现重量轻且坚固的复合部件。
更具体地参考附图，本公开的实施例可以在图1所示的飞机制造和维护方法100以及图2所示的飞机102的背景中描述。在预生产期间，示例性方法100可以包括飞机102的规范和设计104以及材料采购106。在生产期间，飞机102的部件和子组件制造108以及系统整合110发生。随后，飞机102可以通过认证和交付112以便投入使用114。当由客户投入使用时，飞机102被定期安排日常维修和维护116(其也可以包括修改、重新配置、翻新等)。
方法100的每个过程可由系统集成商、第三方和/或操作者(例如客户)执行或实现。为了本说明书的目的，系统集成商可以包括但不限于任何数量的飞机制造商和主系统转包商；第三方可以包括但不限于任何数量的销售商、转包商和供应商；并且操作者可以是航空公司、租赁公司、军事实体、服务机构等。如图2所示，通过示例性方法100生产的飞机102可以包括具有多个系统120和内部122的机身118。高级系统120的示例包括推进系统124、电气系统126、液压系统128和环境系统130中的一个或多个。可以包括任何数量的其他系统。虽然示出了航空示例，但是本发明的原理可以应用于其他行业，如汽车行业。
可以在生产和维护方法100的任何一个或更多阶段期间采用本文所体现的装置和方法。例如，对应于生产过程108的部件或子组件可以以类似于飞机102在使用时所生产的部件或子组件的方式制造或加工。此外，可以在生产阶段108和110期间利用一个或更多个装置实施例、方法实施例或其组合，例如通过充分加快飞机102的组装或降低飞机102的成本。类似地，可以在飞机102使用时(例如但不限于维修和维护116)利用一个或更多装置实施例、方法实施例或其组合。
图3A-3D是根据一些实施例的复合部件300的示意图。参考图3A-3D，在一些实施例中，复合部件300包括第一结构元件310A和310B(其可由附图标记310统一指代)以及第二结构元件320A和320B(其可由附图标记320统一指代)。
第一结构元件310和第二结构元件320可以由纤维加固复合材料例如由如环氧树脂等的树脂粘合的玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶等形成。第一结构元件310和第二结构元件320可以包括一层或更多层加固金属例如铝、钛或钢。
在图3A所示的实施例中，第一结构元件310和第二结构元件320在交叉点处接合以在交叉点处限定圆角330A和330B(其可由附图标记330统一指代)。第一结构元件310具有C形的横截面并且布置在相对的方向中，使得圆角330的形状基本为三角形。圆角330A具有第一边332A、第二边334A和第三边336A。类似地，圆角330B具有第一边332B、第二边334B和第三边336B。本领域技术人员将认识到，圆角330的形状依据第一结构元件310的形状。侧壁332、334、336可以是直的或弯曲的，这取决于第一结构元件的形状。举例来说，在如图所示的实施例中，圆角呈现为具有测量约为45°-45°-90°角的三角形的形式。本领域技术人员将认识到，其他的测量值可能是有用的。进一步地，尽管复合部件300具有两个第二结构元件320以展现I形横截面，但本领域技术人员将认识到，在一些实施例中，第一结构元件310可以被固定到单个第二结构元件320以展现T形横截面。
在各种实施例中，复合部件300可以是飞机的结构部件。这种部件的示例包括翼箱、控制面、机翼、蒙皮、机身、舱门等。
如上所述，在常规实践中，圆角330已经用本领域中通常称为半径填料的结构材料来填充。在某些情况下，可能有利的是制造复合部件300而无需在圆角330中设置半径填料。制造复合部件300而无需半径填料的技术将参考图3A-3C和图4进行说明。
图4是根据多个实施例示出制造复合部件300而无需半径填料的方法中的操作的流程图。参考图4，在操作410中，结构部件被接合以限定一形状，如在图3A中所示的形状，使得第一结构元件310限定横梁并且第二结构部件限定由横梁支撑的面板。在实践中，复合部件300可以包括许多横梁。粘合剂树脂可以被施加到结构元件310、320。进一步地，一个或更多夹具可以被施加以固定结构元件310、320。
在操作415中，可膨胀半径填料350被安置在圆角中。图3B是根据多个实施例的可膨胀半径填料的示意图。参考图3B，在一些实施例中，可膨胀半径填料350可以包括由合适的聚合物材料如尼龙制成的真空袋354。真空袋354可以是可扩展的，以形成圆角330的侧边332、334、336。真空袋354可以进一步包括排气口352，其允许真空袋354被排放到外部环境。
在一些实施例中，至少一个袋载体可以被安置在真空袋354中。袋载体360的一个示例在图3C中示出。参考图3C，在一些实施例中，袋载体360可以呈现为具有V形横截面的金属支架，使得袋载体360至少与圆角330的侧边332、334的一部分共形。在使用中，袋载体360可以被安置在真空袋354中。在一些实施例中，在被安置在袋载体中之前，袋载体360可以以织物缠绕，以赋予圆角330的角部更大的半径，从而减少层压体在圆角330的角部开裂或分裂的可能性。
在可替代实施例中，可膨胀半径填料350可以实现为由可变形材料(例如合适的聚合物或橡胶)形成的管。该管可以是如图3B所示的圆柱形形状，或者可以形成为使得所述管是三角形的形状，以对应于圆角330的三角形横截面。
在操作420中，复合部件300被安置在真空室中。举例来说，在一些实施例中，真空室可以呈现为第二真空袋，其足够大以容纳结构部件的整个组件。真空室300可以进一步包括具有集成真空袋的高压釜。
在操作425中，可膨胀半径填料350被排放到外部环境。举例来说，在一些实施例中，可膨胀半径填料350的排气口352可以被设置成与周围环境流体连通，例如通过将管耦联到排气口352并且将该管延伸到周围环境。
在操作430中，在真空室中抽真空。如本文所用，术语真空应理解为是指真空室中气体的环境压力被降低到低于周围环境中的空气压力的水平。如本文所用，术语真空不应当解释为要求在真空室中形成完全的真空。真空可以通过使用泵等从真空室抽出的气体来抽成。
因为可膨胀半径填料350被排放到周围环境中，可膨胀半径填料350将维持大致对应于周围环境的内部压力。因此，随着在真空室中抽成真空，可膨胀半径填料350将扩展到占据由圆角330所限定的空间。圆角330中的可膨胀半径填料350的扩展施加均匀的固化压力到圆角330的每个侧边332、334、336，从而减少复合结构310、320的层中出现层片变形和空洞的危险。
在操作435中，复合部件300在真空室中被固化。在一些实施例中，固化复合部件300可以包括将复合材料加热到树脂和/或用于形成复合部件300的任何粘合剂将固化的温度。此外，复合部件300可以经受压力。施加到复合部件300的具体温度和压力可以依据构造复合部件的材料。举例来说，在航空航天工业中使用的复合材料通常被加热到30摄氏度和200摄氏度之间的温度范围，并经受15psi到100psi的压力。
在操作440中，可膨胀半径填料350被从固化复合部件300移除，以提供固化的复合部件300，该复合部件包括由复合材料形成并且在交叉点处接合以在交叉点处限定圆角的第一结构元件310和第二元件320，以及在圆角330中的空气半径。
如图3D所示，在一些实施例中，圆角330可以装备有加固构件340，该加固构件将圆角330的相应壁332彼此粘合。加固构件340可以由可能浸渍有环氧树脂的织物材料形成，使得在固化过程中织物材料固化到圆角330的壁332。在此实施例中，加固构件340有助于吸收限定圆角330的结构部件上的应力和应变。另外，该树脂软化圆角330的角部342、344、346的内半径。这两个因素都减少了复合材料在圆角330的角部342、344、346开裂或分裂的可能性。
通过示例而非限制的方式，在一些实施例中，真空袋354可以以复合层片材料缠绕，使得当固化时复合层片材料形成加固构件340。加固构件340可以由与结构元件310、320相同的复合材料形成，使得形成加固构件340的复合层片材料具有与结构元件310、320的弹性模量大致相同的弹性模量。用于缠绕真空袋354的复合层片材料的具体层数不是关键的。在一些实施例中，真空袋354可以用1-5层复合层片材料缠绕。
因此，本文描述了一种形成复合部件的方法，该复合部件包括含有中空孔而不是半径填料的一个或更多圆角330。在一些实施例中，圆角330可以保持完全中空。在其他实施例中，圆角330可以包括由一层或更多层复合层片材料形成的加固构件340。在使用时，圆角330可以用作管道，布线、电缆、流体管线等可以延伸穿过该管道。因为圆角330是密闭的空间，可能不需要夹具或外壳来将电线、电缆或流体管路保持在适当位置。
当在飞机上使用时，复合部件300可以限定一密闭空间，该密闭空间在不同的时间点在加压和非加压的状态下操作，这取决于运行中的飞机的状况。
在图3E所示的另一实施例中，加固织带370A、370B可以靠近壁332、334的交叉点围绕结构元件310A、310B缠绕，以加固结构元件310A、310B之间的接合。加固织带370A、370B可以由与结构元件310、320相同的复合材料形成，使得形成加固织带370A、370B的复合层片材料具有与结构元件310A、310B的弹性模量大致相同的弹性模量。用于缠绕结构元件310A、310B的复合层片材料的具体层数不是关键的。在一些实施例中，真空袋354可以用1-5层复合层片材料缠绕。
图5是根据本公开另一实施例的具有一个或更多复合部件如复合部件300的飞机500的侧视图。应该理解，复合部件可以用在多个位置，包括飞机500的机身、机翼、尾翼、主体以及侧壁。在可替代实施例中，复合部件可以用在其他类型的结构、交通工具以及平台上，如汽车、飞机、海上船只或航天器或者其他合适的应用。
在该实施例中，飞机500包括包含机翼组件504、尾翼组件506和起落架组件508的机身502。飞机500还包括一个或更多推进单元510、控制系统512(不可见)以及使飞机500能够正确操作的其他系统和子系统的主机。应该理解，复合部件可以用于飞机500的任何适当部分，例如机身502、机翼组件504、尾翼组件506以及飞机500的任何其他合适区域。一般来说，飞机500的各种部件和子系统可以是已知的构造，并且为简洁起见，将不会在本文中详细说明。
虽然图5中所示的飞机500通常代表商用客机，包括例如可从伊利诺伊州芝加哥市的波音公司买到的737、747、757、767、777和787型飞机，但本文所公开的发明性装置和方法也可以用在几乎任何其他类型的飞机的组件中。更具体地，本公开的教义可以应用于其他客机、战斗机、运输机、旋翼飞机以及任何其他类型的有人驾驶或无人驾驶飞机的制造和装配，包括例如在2001年9月由Book Sales Publishers出版的Enzo Angelucci的The IllustratedEncyclopedia of Military Aircraft以及在由英国萨里郡的克罗伊登的Jane'sInformation Group出版的Jane's All the World's Aircraft中描述的那些飞机，上述文本通过引用合并于此。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种复合部件，其包括由复合材料形成并且在交叉点处接合以在交叉点处限定圆角的第一结构元件和第二元件，以及在圆角中的空气半径。有利地，至少两个结构元件被接合以形成至少一个T形梁或I形梁。有利地，空气半径具有形成三角形的横截面形状。有利地，复合部件进一步包括设置在圆角中的加固构件。
在说明书和权利要求书中，可以使用术语耦合/耦联(couple)和连接(connect)及其派生词。在特定实施例中，连接可以用来表明两个或更多元件彼此直接物理接触或电接触。耦合可以意味着两个或更多元件彼此直接物理接触或电接触。然而，耦合也可以意味着两个或更多元件可能彼此不直接接触，但仍然可与彼此协作或互动。
在本说明书中对“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”的引用意味着结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包括在至少一个实施方式中。在说明书中各个地方出现的短语“在一个实施例中”可以是或者可以不是全部指代同一实施例。
尽管已经以具体针对结构特征和/或方法行为的语言描述了实施例，但是应当理解，要求保护的主题可以不限于所描述的具体特征或行为。相反，具体特征和行为被公开作为实现所要求保护的主题的示例形式。

Claims (14)

1.一种形成复合部件的方法，其包括：
接合第一结构元件(310A)和第二元件(310B)，以在所述第一结构元件和所述第二元件的交叉点处形成圆角(330A)；
将可膨胀半径填料(350)安置在所述圆角中；
将所述复合部件安置在真空室(300)中；
将所述可膨胀半径填料(350)排放到真空室(300)外部的环境中；
在所述真空室(300)中抽真空；以及
固化所述复合部件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述可膨胀半径填料(350)包括由可变形材料形成的管。
3.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的方法，其中：
所述真空室(300)包括第二真空袋，并且所述可膨胀半径填料(350)包括第一真空袋。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其进一步包括将至少一个袋载体(360)安置在所述第一真空袋中，其中所述袋载体(360)被成形为与所述圆角(330A)的至少一部分共形。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中：
所述圆角(330A)具有形成三角形的横截面形状；以及
所述袋载体(360)包括与所述三角形的至少两个边共形的结构部件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括沿着所述圆角(330A)的至少一部分缠绕加固构件(340)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在所述真空室(300)中抽真空导致所述可膨胀半径填料(350)在所述圆角内扩展。
8.一种复合部件，其包括：
第一结构元件(310A)和第二元件(310B)，其由复合材料形成并且在交叉点处接合以在所述交叉点处限定圆角(330A)；以及
可膨胀半径填料(350)，其被安置在所述圆角中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的复合部件，其中所述第一结构元件(310A)和第二元件(310B)接合以形成T形梁或I形梁中的至少一个。
10.根据权利要求8和9所述的复合部件，其中所述可膨胀半径填料(350)包括由可变形材料形成的管。
11.根据权利要求8所述的复合部件，其中所述可膨胀半径填料(350)包括真空袋。
12.根据权利要求11所述的复合部件，其进一步包括安置在所述真空袋中的至少一个袋载体(360)，其中所述袋载体(360)被成形为与所述圆角的至少一部分共形。
13.根据权利要求8所述的复合部件，其进一步包括靠近所述圆角围绕所述第一结构元件(310A)和所述第二元件(310B)的至少一个加固构件(340)。
14.根据权利要求12所述的复合部件，其中所述至少一个袋载体(360)以织物缠绕，其中所述织物包括树脂材料，使得固化后，所述织物沿所述圆角的至少一部分形成加固构件(340)。
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