ES2654808T3 - Estructura y método compuestos - Google Patents
Estructura y método compuestos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2654808T3 ES2654808T3 ES14167906.8T ES14167906T ES2654808T3 ES 2654808 T3 ES2654808 T3 ES 2654808T3 ES 14167906 T ES14167906 T ES 14167906T ES 2654808 T3 ES2654808 T3 ES 2654808T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- fillet
- composite part
- vacuum
- composite
- bag
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
- B29C70/544—Details of vacuum bags, e.g. materials or shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
- B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
- B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
- B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
- B29C66/00145—Vacuum, e.g. partial vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
- B29C66/494—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining using an inflatable core
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
- B29C66/634—Internally supporting the article during joining using an inflatable core
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
- B29C70/446—Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
- B32B37/1009—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure using vacuum and fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
Un método para formar una parte compuesta, que comprende: unir un primer elemento (310A) estructural y un segundo elemento (310B) para formar un filete (330A) en una intersección del primer elemento estructural y el segundo elemento en la que el filete comprende una abertura hueca; posicionar un relleno (350) de radio inflable en el filete; posicionar la parte compuesta en una cámara (300) de vacío; descargar el relleno (350) de radio inflable a un ambiente externo a la cámara (300) de vacío; generar un vacío en la cámara (300) de vacío en el que extraer un vacío en la cámara (300) de vacío hace que el relleno (350) de radio inflable se expanda dentro del filete; y cure la parte compuesta.
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Estructura y método compuestos Antecedentes
El objeto aquí descrito se relaciona con técnicas de fabricación y más particularmente con técnicas para formar una estructura compuesta en forma de T o en forma de I que incluye un espacio de aire en una región que normalmente contendría un relleno de radio.
Las estructuras compuestas se usan en diversas operaciones de fabricación y construcción. A modo de ejemplo, varios componentes estructurales de la aeronave se pueden formar a partir de materiales compuestos. Los materiales compuestos que se incorporan en estructuras que forman un corte transversal en forma de T o en forma de I, por ejemplo, vigas o pestañas, típicamente forman un filete en la intersección de las estructuras. En las técnicas de fabricación convencionales, estos filetes se rellenan con un compuesto comúnmente denominado relleno de radio. En algunas circunstancias, el uso de rellenos de radio crea problemas estructurales en las partes completadas.
En consecuencia, las estructuras compuestas y los métodos para hacer lo mismo pueden ser útiles, por ejemplo, en la construcción de vehículos tales como aviones o embarcaciones.
El documento WO 2013/001458 A2 se relaciona con ensamblar, formar y curar partes compuestas de gran tamaño, por ejemplo aspas de turbina eólica de materiales preimpregnados. El documento US 2010/0151162 se relaciona con un método para producir un componente compuesto de fibra reforzada integral que comprende al menos un componente de refuerzo hueco hecho de material compuesto de fibra y un componente de carcasa.
Resumen
La presente invención se relaciona con un método para formar una parte compuesta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 y una parte compuesta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 7.
En un ejemplo, un método para formar una parte compuesta comprende unir un primer elemento estructural y un segundo elemento para formar un filete en una intersección del primer elemento estructural y el segundo elemento, que ubica un relleno de radio inflable en el filete, que posiciona la parte compuesta en una cámara de vacío, que ventila el relleno de radio inflable a un ambiente externo a la cámara de vacío, generar un vacío en la cámara de vacío y que cura la parte compuesta.
En otro ejemplo, una parte compuesta comprende un primer elemento estructural y un segundo elemento formado a partir de un material compuesto y unido en una intersección para definir un filete en la intersección y un relleno de radio inflable colocado en el filete.
En otro ejemplo, una parte compuesta comprende un primer elemento estructural y un segundo elemento formado a partir de un material compuesto y unidos en una intersección para definir un filete en la intersección, y un radio de aire en el filete.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
Las realizaciones de métodos y sistemas de acuerdo con las enseñanzas de la presente divulgación se describen en detalle a continuación con referencia a los siguientes dibujos.
La Fig. 1 es un diagrama de flujo de la metodología de producción y servicio de aeronaves, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 2 es un diagrama de bloques de una aeronave, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 3A es una vista lateral de la estructura compuesta, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 3B es una vista en perspectiva de un relleno de radio de aire, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 3C es una vista en perspectiva de un portador de bolsas, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 3D es una vista lateral del filete de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 3E es una vista lateral de la estructura compuesta, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 4 es un diagrama de flujo que ilustra las operaciones en un método para instalar un arnés de cableado en una estructura, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
La Fig. 5 es una ilustración esquemática de una aeronave, de acuerdo con las realizaciones.
Descripción detallada
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En la siguiente descripción, se exponen numerosos detalles específicos para proporcionar una comprensión completa de diversas realizaciones. Sin embargo, los expertos en la técnica entenderán que las diversas realizaciones pueden practicarse sin los detalles específicos. En otros casos, métodos, procedimientos, componentes y circuitos bien conocidos no han sido ilustrados o descritos en detalle para no oscurecer las realizaciones particulares.
Como se describe aquí, las estructuras compuestas pueden ensamblarse en componentes estructurales para usar en una estructura más grande tal como una aeronave, un vehículo espacial o un vehículo acuático. A modo de ejemplo, las estructuras de aeronaves tales como alas y colas comúnmente incluyen componentes estructurales formados a partir de materiales compuestos. Las realizaciones descritas aquí permiten que las estructuras compuestas se ensamblen en componentes en forma de T o en forma de I sin el uso de rellenos radiales, que aumentan así la eficiencia del procedimiento de fabricación y que permite componentes compuestos ligeros y fuertes.
Con referencia más particularmente a los dibujos, las realizaciones de la divulgación pueden describirse en el contexto de un método 100 de fabricación y servicio de aeronaves como se muestra en la Fig. 1 y una aeronave 102 como se muestra en la Fig. 2. Durante la preproducción, el método 100 a manera de ejemplo puede incluir la especificación y el diseño 104 de la aeronave 102 y la adquisición 106 de materiales. Durante la producción, tiene lugar la fabricación 108 de componentes y subconjuntos, y la integración 110 de sistemas de la aeronave 102. A continuación, la aeronave 102 puede pasar por la certificación y la entrega 112 con el fin de colocarse en el servicio 114. Mientras está en servicio por un cliente, la aeronave 102 está programada para el mantenimiento y servicio 116 de rutina (que también puede incluir modificación, reconfiguración, reacondicionamiento, y así).
Cada uno de los procedimientos del método 100 puede ser realizado o llevado a cabo por un integrador de sistema, un tercero y/o un operador (por ejemplo, un cliente). Para los propósitos de esta descripción, un integrador de sistema puede incluir, sin limitación, cualquier número de fabricantes de aeronaves y subcontratistas de sistemas principales; un tercero puede incluir, sin limitación, cualquier número de vendedores, subcontratistas y proveedores; y un operador puede ser una aerolínea, una empresa de leasing, una entidad militar, una organización de servicio, etc. Como se muestra en la Fig. 2, el avión 102 producido por el método 100 a manera de ejemplo puede incluir un fuselaje 118 con una pluralidad de sistemas 120 y un interior 122. Ejemplos de sistemas 120 de alto nivel incluyen uno o más de un sistema 124 de propulsión, un sistema 126 eléctrico, un sistema 126 hidráulico y un sistema 130 ambiental. Se puede incluir cualquier cantidad de otros sistemas. Aunque se muestra un ejemplo aeroespacial, los principios de la invención se pueden aplicar a otras industrias, tales como la industria automotriz.
El aparato y los métodos incorporados aquí pueden emplearse durante una o más de las etapas del método 100 de producción y servicio. Por ejemplo, los componentes o subconjuntos correspondientes al procedimiento 108 de producción pueden fabricarse o manufacturarse de manera similar a los componentes o subconjuntos producidos mientras la aeronave 102 está en servicio. Además, una o más realizaciones de aparatos, realizaciones de métodos, o una combinación de los mismos, pueden usarse durante las etapas 108 y 110 de producción, por ejemplo, agilizando sustancialmente el ensamblaje o reduciendo el costo de una aeronave 102. De manera similar, una o más de las realizaciones del aparato, las realizaciones del método, o una combinación de las mismas se pueden usar mientras la aeronave 102 está en servicio, por ejemplo y sin limitación, para el mantenimiento y el servicio 116.
Las Figs. 3A-3D son ilustraciones esquemáticas de la parte 300 compuesta, de acuerdo con las realizaciones. Con referencia a las Figs. 3A-3D, en algunas realizaciones, una parte 300 compuesta comprende los primeros elementos 310A y 310B estructurales, que pueden denominarse colectivamente por el numeral 310 de referencia y los segundos elementos 320A y 320B estructurales, que pueden denominarse colectivamente por el numeral 320 de referencia.
Los primeros elementos 310 estructurales y los segundos elementos 320 estructurales pueden formarse a partir de un material compuesto reforzado con fibra tal como fibra de vidrio, fibra de carbono, Kevlar o similares unidos mediante una resina tal como una resina epoxi o similares. Los primeros elementos 310 estructurales y los segundos elementos 320 estructurales pueden incluir una o más capas de un metal de refuerzo, por ejemplo, aluminio, titanio o acero.
En la realización representada en la Fig. 3A, los primeros elementos 310 estructurales y los segundos elementos 320 estructurales se unen en una intersección para definir los filetes 330A y 330B, que pueden denominarse colectivamente por el numeral 330 de referencia, en las intersecciones. Los primeros elementos 310 estructurales tienen un corte transversal en forma de C y están dispuestos en orientaciones opuestas de manera que los filetes 330 tienen una forma sustancialmente triangular. El filete 330A tiene un primer lado 332A, un segundo lado 334A y un tercer lado 336A. De manera similar, el filete 330B tiene un primer lado 332B, un segundo lado 334By un tercer lado 336B. Un experto en la técnica reconocerá que la forma de los filetes 330 es una función de la forma de los primeros elementos 310 estructurales. Las paredes 332, 334, 336 laterales pueden ser rectas o curvadas, dependiendo de la forma de los primeros elementos estructurales. A modo de ejemplo, en la realización representada en la Fig., el filete tiene la forma de un triángulo que tiene esquinas que miden aproximadamente 45° -45° -90°. Un experto en la técnica reconocerá que otras mediciones pueden ser útiles. Además, aunque la parte 300 compuesta tiene dos segundos elementos 320 estructurales para presentar un corte transversal en forma de I, un experto en la técnica reconocerá que en algunas realizaciones los primeros elementos 310 estructurales pueden asegurarse a un segundo elemento 320 estructural individual para presentar un corte transversal en forma de T.
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En diversas realizaciones, la parte 300 compuesta puede ser un componente estructural de una aeronave. Ejemplos de tales componentes incluyen una caja de ala, superficies de control, alas, pieles, fuselajes, puertas o similares.
Como se describió anteriormente, en la práctica convencional, los filetes 330 se han rellenado con un material estructural comúnmente denominado en la técnica como relleno de radio. En algunas circunstancias, puede ser ventajoso fabricar la parte 300 compuesta sin un relleno de radio dispuesto en el/los filetes 330. Las técnicas para fabricar una parte 300 compuesta sin un relleno de radio se explicarán con referencia a las Figs. 3A-3C y Fig. 4.
La Fig. 4 es un diagrama de flujo que ilustra las operaciones en un método para fabricar una parte 300 compuesta sin un relleno de radio, de acuerdo con las realizaciones. Con referencia a la Fig. 4, en la operación 410 los componentes estructurales se unen para definir una forma tal como la forma ilustrada en la Fig. 3A, de manera que los primeros elementos 310 estructurales definen las vigas y los segundos componentes estructurales definen los paneles que son soportados por las vigas. En la práctica, una parte 300 compuesta puede comprender numerosas vigas. Se puede aplicar una resina adhesiva a los elementos 310, 320 estructurales. Además, se pueden aplicar una o más abrazaderas para asegurar los elementos 310, 320 estructurales.
En la operación 415, se coloca un relleno 350 de radio inflable en el filete. La Fig. 3B es una ilustración esquemática de un relleno de radio inflable de acuerdo con las realizaciones. Con referencia a la Fig. 3B, en algunas realizaciones un relleno 350 de radio inflable puede comprender una bolsa 354 de vacío formada a partir de un material polimérico adecuado tal como nylon. La bolsa 354 de vacío puede expandirse para formar los lados 332, 334, 336 de los filetes 330. La bolsa 354 de vacío puede comprender además un respiradero 352 que permite que la bolsa 354 de vacío se descargue a un ambiente externo.
En algunas realizaciones, al menos un portador de bolsas puede colocarse en la bolsa 354 de vacío. Un ejemplo de un portador 360 de bolsas se representa en la Fig. 3C. Con referencia a la Fig. 3C, en algunas realizaciones el portador 360 de bolsas puede estar realizado como un soporte metálico que tiene un corte transversal en forma de V, de modo que el portador 360 de bolsas se ajusta a porciones de al menos a los lados 332, 334 de un filete 330. En uso, el portador 360 de bolsas puede colocarse en la bolsa 354 de vacío. En algunas realizaciones, el portador 360 de bolsas puede envolverse en una tela antes de que se posicione en el portador de la bolsa con el fin de impartir un radio mayor a las esquinas del filete 330, que reduce así la probabilidad de agrietamiento o partición del laminado en las esquinas del filete 330.
En realizaciones alternativas, el relleno 350 de radio inflable puede implementarse como un tubo formado a partir de un material deformable, por ejemplo, un polímero o caucho adecuado. El tubo puede ser de forma cilíndrica, como se representa en la Fig. 3B, o puede estar formado de manera que el tubo tenga una forma triangular para corresponder al corte transversal triangular de los filetes 330.
En la operación 420, la parte 300 compuesta se coloca en una cámara de vacío. A modo de ejemplo, en algunas realizaciones, la cámara de vacío puede estar incorporada como una segunda bolsa de vacío que es suficientemente grande para contener todo el conjunto de componentes estructurales. La cámara 300 de vacío puede comprender además un autoclave que tiene una bolsa de vacío integrada.
En la operación 425, el relleno 350 de radio inflable se descarga a un ambiente externo. A modo de ejemplo, en algunas realizaciones, el respiradero 352 del relleno 350 de radio inflable puede colocarse en comunicación fluida con el entorno ambiental, por ejemplo, acoplando un tubo al respiradero 352 y extendiendo el tubo al entorno ambiental.
En la operación 430, se genera un vacío en la cámara de vacío. Como se usa aquí, el término vacío debe interpretarse en el sentido de que la presión de ambiente del gas en la cámara de vacío se reduce a un nivel por debajo de la presión de aire del entorno ambiental. Como se usa aquí, el término vacío no debe interpretarse como que requiere la formación de un vacío perfecto en la cámara de vacío. Se puede genera un vacío extrayendo el gas de la cámara de vacío que usa una bomba o similares.
Debido a que el relleno 350 de radio inflable se descarga al entorno ambiental, el relleno 350 de radio inflable mantendrá una presión interna que corresponda aproximadamente al entorno ambiental. Por lo tanto, a medida que se genera un vacío en la cámara de vacío, el relleno 350 de radio inflable se expandirá para ocupar el espacio definido por los filetes 330. La expansión del relleno 350 de radio inflable en los filetes 330 aplica una presión de curado uniforme en cada uno de los lados 332, 334, 336 de los filetes 330, que reduce así el riesgo de distorsión de las capas y huecos en las capas de las estructuras 310, 320 compuestas.
En la operación 435, la parte 300 compuesta se cura en la cámara de vacío. En algunas realizaciones, el curado de la parte 300 compuesta puede comprender calentar la parte compuesta a una temperatura a la que se curará la resina y/o cualquier adhesivo usado para formar la parte 300 compuesta. Además, la parte 300 compuesta puede estar sometida a presión. La temperatura y presión específicas aplicadas a la parte 300 compuesta pueden ser una función de los materiales a partir de los cuales se construye la parte compuesta. A modo de ejemplo, los materiales compuestos usados en la industria aeroespacial se calientan comúnmente a un intervalo de temperatura entre 30 grados centígrados y 200 grados centígrados y están sometidos a presiones entre 15 y 100 psi.
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En la operación 440, el relleno 350 de radio inflable se retira de la parte 300 curada compuesta para proporcionar una parte 300 compuesta curada que comprende un primer elemento 310 estructural y un segundo elemento 320 formado de un material compuesto y unido en una intersección para definir un filete en la intersección, y un radio de aire en el filete 330.
Como se ilustra en la Fig. 3D, en algunas realizaciones, el filete 330 puede estar provisto con un miembro 340 de refuerzo que une las paredes 332 respectivas del filete 330 entre sí. El miembro 340 de refuerzo puede estar formado de material de tela que puede estar impregnado con una resina epoxi de manera que durante el procedimiento de curado el material de tela cura a las paredes 332 del filete 330. En tales realizaciones, el miembro 340 de refuerzo ayuda a absorber la tensión y la deformación sobre los componentes estructurales que definen el filete 330. Además, la resina suaviza los radios interiores de las esquinas 342, 344, 346 del filete 330. Ambos factores reducen la probabilidad de agrietamiento o división de los materiales compuestos en las esquinas 342, 344, 346 del filete 330.
A modo de ejemplo y no de limitación, en algunas realizaciones, la bolsa 354 de vacío puede envolverse en un material de capa compuesta de manera que, cuando se cura, el material de capa compuesta forma el miembro 340 de refuerzo. El miembro 340 de refuerzo se puede formar a partir del mismo material compuesto como los elementos 310, 320 estructurales de modo que el material compuesto de capas que forma el miembro 340 de refuerzo tiene un módulo elástico que es aproximadamente el mismo que el módulo elástico de los componentes 310, 320 estructurales. El número particular de capas de material de capas compuestas usado para envolver la bolsa 354 de vacío no es crítico. En algunas realizaciones, la bolsa 354 de vacío puede envolverse con 1-5 capas de material compuesto de capas.
Por lo tanto, los descritos aquí son métodos para formar una parte compuesta que incluye uno o más filetes 330 que incluyen una abertura hueca, en lugar de un relleno de radio. En algunas realizaciones, el filete 330 puede dejarse completamente hueco. En otras realizaciones, el filete 330 puede incluir un miembro 340 de refuerzo formado a partir de una o más capas de material compuesto de capas. En uso, el filete 330 se puede usar como un conducto a través del cual se pueden extender el cableado, los cables, las líneas de fluido o similares. Debido a que el filete 330 es un espacio confinado, es posible que no haya necesidad de pinzas o alojamientos para mantener el cableado, cables o líneas de fluido en su lugar.
Cuando se usa en una aeronave, la parte 300 compuesta puede definir un espacio confinado que opera en estados presurizados y despresurizados en diferentes puntos en el tiempo, dependiendo de las condiciones en las que se opera la aeronave. En otro ejemplo representado en la Fig. 3E, la banda 370A, 370B de refuerzo puede envolverse alrededor de los elementos 310A, 310B estructurales cerca de la intersección de las paredes 332, 334 con el fin de reforzar la unión entre los elementos 310A, 310B estructurales. La banda 370A, 370B de refuerzo puede estar formada del mismo material compuesto que los elementos 310, 320 estructurales de modo que el material compuesto de la capa que forma la banda 370A, 370B de refuerzo tenga un módulo elástico que sea aproximadamente el mismo que el módulo elástico de los componentes 310A, 310B estructurales. El número particular de capas de material compuesto de capas usado para envolver los componentes 310A, 310B estructurales no es crítico. En algunas realizaciones, la bolsa 354 de vacío puede envolverse con 1-5 capas de material compuesto de capas.
La Fig. 5 es una vista en elevación lateral de una aeronave 500 que tiene una o más partes compuestas tales como la parte 300 compuesta de acuerdo con otra realización de la divulgación. Se puede apreciar que las partes compuestas se emplean en una amplia variedad de ubicaciones, que incluyen el fuselaje, las alas, la cola, el cuerpo y las paredes de la aeronave 500. En realizaciones alternativas, las partes compuestas se pueden usar en otros tipos de estructuras, vehículos y plataformas, tales como vehículos de motor, aeronaves, buques marítimos o naves espaciales, u otras aplicaciones adecuadas.
En esta realización, la aeronave 500 incluye un fuselaje 502 que incluye conjuntos 504 de alas, un conjunto 506 de cola y un conjunto 508 de aterrizaje. La aeronave 500 incluye además una o más unidades 510 de propulsión, un sistema 512 de control (no visible), y un anfitrión de otros sistemas y subsistemas que permiten el funcionamiento apropiado de la aeronave 500. Se debe apreciar que la parte compuesta se puede emplear en cualquier porción adecuada de la aeronave 500, tal como en un fuselaje 502, conjuntos 504 de alas, conjunto 506 de cola y cualquier otra área adecuada de la aeronave 500. En general, los diversos componentes y subsistemas de la aeronave 500 pueden ser de construcción conocida y, en aras de la brevedad, no se describirán en detalle aquí.
Aunque la aeronave 500 mostrada en la Figura 5 es generalmente representativa de una aeronave de pasajeros comercial, que incluye, por ejemplo, los modelos 737, 747, 757, 767, 111 y 787 disponibles comercialmente de The Boeing Company of Chicago, Illinois, el aparato de la invención y los métodos divulgados aquí también se pueden emplear en el ensamblaje de prácticamente cualquier otro tipo de aeronave. Más específicamente, las enseñanzas de la presente divulgación pueden aplicarse a la fabricación y ensamblaje de otras aeronaves de pasajeros, aeronaves de combate, aeronaves de carga, aeronaves rotativas y cualquier otro tipo de aeronaves tripuladas o no tripuladas, incluidas aquellas descritas, por ejemplo, en The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft por Enzo Angelucci, publicada por Book Sales Publishers, septiembre de 2001, y en Jane's All the World's Aircraft, publicada por Jane's Information Group de Coulsdon, Surrey, Reino Unido, cuyos textos se incorporan aquí como referencia.
De acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción, se proporciona una parte compuesta, que comprende un primer elemento estructural y un segundo elemento formado a partir de un material compuesto y unido en una intersección
para definir un filete en la intersección, un radio de aire en el filete. Ventajosamente, al menos dos elementos estructurales están unidos para formar al menos una de una viga en forma de T o una viga en forma de I. Ventajosamente, el radio de aire tiene una forma de corte transversal que forma un triángulo. Ventajosamente, la parte compuesta comprende además un miembro de refuerzo dispuesto en el filete.
5 En la descripción y las reivindicaciones, los términos acoplados y conectados, junto con sus derivados, pueden ser usados. En realizaciones particulares, conectado puede usarse para indicar que dos o más elementos están en contacto directo físico o eléctrico entre sí. Acoplado puede indicar que dos o más elementos están en contacto físico o eléctrico directo. Sin embargo, acoplado también puede indicar que dos o más elementos pueden no estar en contacto directo entre sí, pero aún pueden cooperar o interactuar entre sí.
10 La referencia en la especificación a "una realización" o "algunas realizaciones" indica que un rasgo, estructura o característica particular descrita en conexión con la realización se incluye en al menos una implementación. Las apariencias de la frase "en una realización" en varios lugares en la especiación pueden referirse o no a la misma realización.
Claims (13)
- 510152025303540REIVINDICACIONES1. Un método para formar una parte compuesta, que comprende:unir un primer elemento (310A) estructural y un segundo elemento (310B) para formar un filete (330A) en una intersección del primer elemento estructural y el segundo elemento en la que el filete comprende una abertura hueca;posicionar un relleno (350) de radio inflable en el filete;posicionar la parte compuesta en una cámara (300) de vacío;descargar el relleno (350) de radio inflable a un ambiente externo a la cámara (300) de vacío;generar un vacío en la cámara (300) de vacío en el que extraer un vacío en la cámara (300) de vacío hace que el relleno (350) de radio inflable se expanda dentro del filete; y cure la parte compuesta.
- 2. El método de la reivindicación 1, en el que el relleno (350) de radio inflable comprende un tubo formado a partir de un material deformable.
- 3. El método de una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, en el que: la cámara (300) de vacío comprende una segunda bolsa de vacío y el relleno (350) de radio inflable comprende una primera bolsa de vacío.
- 4. El método de la reivindicación 3, que comprende además posicionar al menos un portador (360) de bolsas en la primera bolsa de vacío, en el que el portador de bolsa (360) está formado para ajustarse a al menos una porción del filete (330A).
- 5. El método de la reivindicación 4, en el que:el filete (330A) tiene una forma de corte transversal que forma un triángulo; yel portador (360) de bolsas comprende un componente estructural que se ajusta a al menos dos lados del triángulo.
- 6. El método en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-5, que comprende además envolver un miembro (340) de refuerzo a lo largo de al menos una porción del filete (330A).
- 7. Una parte compuesta, que comprende:un elemento (310A) estructural y un segundo elemento (310B) formados a partir de un material compuesto; caracterizado porque:el primer elemento (310A) estructural y el segundo elemento (310B) están unidos en una intersección para definir un filete (330A) en la intersección en la que el filete (330A) comprende una abertura hueca;y un relleno (350) de radio inflable colocado en el filete.
- 8. La parte compuesta de la reivindicación 7, en la que el primer elemento (310A) estructural y un segundo elemento (310B) están unidos para formar al menos uno de una viga en forma de T o una viga en forma de I.
- 9. La parte compuesta de las reivindicaciones 7 y 8, en la que el relleno (350) de radio inflable comprende un tubo formado a partir de un material deformable.
- 10. La parte compuesta en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 9, en la que el relleno (350) de radio inflable comprende una bolsa de vacío.
- 11. La parte compuesta de la reivindicación 10, que comprende además al menos un portador (360) de bolsas colocado en la bolsa de vacío, en la que el portador (360) de bolsas está formado para ajustarse a al menos una porción del filete.
- 12. La parte compuesta en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 11, que comprende además al menos un miembro (340) de refuerzo alrededor del primer elemento (310A) estructural y el segundo elemento (310B) cerca del filete.
- 13. La parte compuesta de la reivindicación 12, en la que al menos un portador (360) de bolsas está envuelto en una tela, en el que la tela comprende un material de resina tal que, después del curado, la tela forma un miembro (340) de refuerzo a lo largo una porción del filete.
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WO2011043253A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | 東レ株式会社 | 繊維強化プラスチックの製造方法および装置 |
US8377248B2 (en) * | 2010-06-16 | 2013-02-19 | Spirit Aerosystems, Inc. | Method and system for forming a complex monolithic thermoset part |
WO2013001458A2 (en) | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-03 | Iq Tec Switzerland Gmbh | Preforming pre-preg |
US9205634B2 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2015-12-08 | The Boeing Company | Composite structure and method |
-
2013
- 2013-05-16 US US13/895,409 patent/US9205634B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-04-28 AU AU2014202275A patent/AU2014202275B2/en active Active
- 2014-05-12 KR KR1020140056785A patent/KR102230406B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2014-05-12 EP EP14167906.8A patent/EP2803474B1/en active Active
- 2014-05-12 ES ES14167906.8T patent/ES2654808T3/es active Active
- 2014-05-12 CA CA2851444A patent/CA2851444C/en active Active
- 2014-05-13 JP JP2014099660A patent/JP6415103B2/ja active Active
- 2014-05-15 RU RU2018132205A patent/RU2018132205A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-05-15 RU RU2014119559A patent/RU2669032C2/ru active
- 2014-05-16 CN CN201910373699.9A patent/CN110077014A/zh active Pending
- 2014-05-16 CN CN201410206892.0A patent/CN104162997A/zh active Pending
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2015
- 2015-11-02 US US14/930,214 patent/US9638230B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2014202275B2 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
KR102230406B1 (ko) | 2021-03-22 |
CN104162997A (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
KR20140135632A (ko) | 2014-11-26 |
US9638230B2 (en) | 2017-05-02 |
CA2851444C (en) | 2016-08-30 |
CA2851444A1 (en) | 2014-11-16 |
AU2014202275A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
JP2014223805A (ja) | 2014-12-04 |
US20140341641A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
EP2803474B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
JP2019048459A (ja) | 2019-03-28 |
EP2803474A2 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
JP6415103B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 |
RU2669032C2 (ru) | 2018-10-05 |
EP2803474A3 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
RU2018132205A (ru) | 2019-03-19 |
US20160160899A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
RU2014119559A (ru) | 2015-11-20 |
US9205634B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
JP6670357B2 (ja) | 2020-03-18 |
CN110077014A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
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