CN104153781A - Inverted order induced fracturing caving mining method - Google Patents
Inverted order induced fracturing caving mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104153781A CN104153781A CN201410388481.8A CN201410388481A CN104153781A CN 104153781 A CN104153781 A CN 104153781A CN 201410388481 A CN201410388481 A CN 201410388481A CN 104153781 A CN104153781 A CN 104153781A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reverse order induction fracturing caving mining method. Firstly, dividing a selected ore section into an upper layer and a lower layer, dividing each layer into a plurality of ore rooms, and numbering; then setting the odd numbered chambers on the upper layer as inducing chambers, setting the other chambers as presplitting chambers, setting the even numbered chambers on the lower layer as caving chambers, and excavating the first upper-layered chamber in advance; and finally, sequentially adopting a method of firstly inducing excavation fracturing and then reversing the step of excavation caving to implement reverse step induction fracturing caving mining. On one hand, the invention adopts a reverse order excavation mode, converts the damage of the excavation knot structure into a favorable factor of rock breaking of a chamber, gets rid of objective constraint and improves the recovery rate; on the other hand, the method of inducing cracking is adopted to actively control the natural collapse of the ore block, thereby achieving the purposes of saving energy, reducing consumption and reducing damage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique field, relate to the method for Caving Method with Large Space mining, the especially a kind of order of falling rank induced fracture caved stopes.
Background technology
It is large that traditional Caving Method with Large Space is only applicable to exploit angle, ore body itself comparatively complete and on cover confined pressure and side wall rock mass not too complete ore body segmentation, grade requirement to ore is higher, present gradually the rate of extraction low (seldom surpassing 65%), consume energy large, high in cost of production shortcoming, restricting to a certain extent the fast development of mining technique.Controlling artificially the stress distribution of ore body, actively control the free breakage of nugget, is to break away from objective constraint, improves the rate of extraction, energy-saving and emission-reduction, the unique channel that reduced cost and minimizing destroy.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing for solving prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of improved avalanche mining methods of distinguishing traditional Caving Method with Large Space, adopts the order of falling rank excavation and induced fracture, improves the rate of extraction.The order of falling rank excavation, refers to excavation, from right to left from top to bottom, is different from original suitable rank order and excavates, be i.e. excavation from bottom to top, from left to right.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: 1, a kind of order of falling rank induced fracture caved stopes, step is: 1) driving drilling drift makes body to be dug up mine occur the scope of freedom, body to be dug up mine is divided into two-layer up and down, the upper and lower are further subdivided into respectively some mineral buildings, upper strata mineral building is mutually corresponding with lower floor mineral building, mineral building length is made as 16 m, upper strata mineral building with lower floor mineral building all along drilling drift tunneling direction number consecutively (also can be contrary to tunneling direction numbering), for ease of describing upper and lower two-layer seven mineral buildings of respectively choosing, upper strata mineral building number consecutively A, B, C, D, E, F, G, the mineral building number consecutively corresponding with upper strata mineral building is a, b, c, d, e, f, g, odd number mineral building (the A of upper strata mineral building, C, E, G) be set as inducing mineral building, even number (B, D, F) mineral building is set as presplitting mineral building, even number (the b of lower floor's mineral building, d, f) mineral building is set as avalanche mineral building, 2) order of falling rank excavation avalanche for the first time: excavation induction mineral building A, transport the ore of A output, fill induction mineral building A, excavation induction mineral building C, transport the ore of C output, to presplitting mineral building, B carries out fracturing driling explosion, fills induction mineral building C, excavation avalanche mineral building b, transport the ore of b output, presplitting mineral building B free breakage, now, induces the sequence of excavation of mineral building C and avalanche mineral building b just to form the order of falling rank.; Fracturing is excavated in induction for the second time: remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building b, fill avalanche mineral building b and presplitting mineral building B, excavate induction mineral building E, transport the ore of E output, to presplitting mineral building, D carries out fracturing driling explosion; The order of falling rank excavation avalanche for the second time: fill induction mineral building E, excavation avalanche mineral building d, presplitting mineral building D free breakage, now, induces the sequence of excavation of mineral building E and avalanche mineral building d just to form the order of falling rank; Fracturing is excavated in induction for the third time: remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building d, fill avalanche mineral building d and presplitting mineral building D, excavate induction mineral building G, transport the ore of G output, to presplitting mineral building, F carries out fracturing driling explosion; The order of falling rank excavation avalanche for the third time: fill induction mineral building G, excavation avalanche mineral building f, presplitting mineral building F free breakage, now, induces the sequence of excavation of mineral building G and avalanche mineral building f just to form the order of falling rank; Remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building f, fill avalanche mineral building f and presplitting mineral building F, excavation mineral building a, mineral building c, mineral building e and mineral building g, transport produced ore, fills mineral building a, mineral building c, mineral building e and mineral building g.
Mineral building filling adopts tailing cemented filling.The fracturing driling explosion of presplitting mineral building adopts vertical parallel hole, the powder charge of package emulsion manual charging mode, the poor Nonel detonator dual priming of the non-electricity millisecond of row's multistage; At the bottom of the aperture in vertical parallel hole and hole, respectively fill a detonator, at the bottom of hole, detonator is apart from 2～3m at the bottom of hole, and aperture detonator is apart from aperture explosive 1～2m.
Compared with prior art, innovative point of the present invention and advantage are:
1, adopt the order of falling rank digging mode, the destruction that excavation is caused structure is converted into the favorable factor of the broken rock of mineral building, breaks away from objective constraint, improves the rate of extraction.2, take the method for induced fracture, actively control the free breakage of nugget, reach energy-saving and cost-reducing, reduce the object of destroying.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the figure that contrasts with the order of falling rank excavation along rank order excavation;
The mineral building division schematic diagram that Fig. 2 is adjacent two layerings in the section of selected ore deposit;
Fig. 3 is for inducing for the first time excavation fracturing schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the excavation of the order of falling rank for the first time avalanche schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is for inducing for the second time excavation fracturing schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the excavation of the order of falling rank for the second time avalanche schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is for inducing for the third time excavation fracturing schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is the excavation of the order of falling rank for the third time avalanche schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is excavation residue mineral building schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is the mineral building piecemeal schematic diagram of the selected ore deposit of certain gold mine section;
In figure: 1. lower leaf 2. higher slice 3. selected ore deposit section 4. certain gold mine lower leaf 5. certain gold mine higher slice 6. certain gold mine are selected ore deposit sections.
The specific embodiment
Below, the invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings:
As shown in Figure 1, along rank order excavation, refer to excavation, from left to right from bottom to top; And the order of falling rank excavation refers to excavation, from right to left from top to bottom.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of order of falling rank induced fracture caved stopes, driving drilling drift makes body to be dug up mine occur the scope of freedom, section 3 interior adjacent two layerings up and down of selected ore deposit are divided into respectively to several mineral buildings, by the mineral building of higher slice 2 from left to right number consecutively be A, B, C, D, E, F, G, by the mineral building of lower leaf 1 from left to right number consecutively be a, b, c, d, e, f, g; Then the odd number mineral building of higher slice 2 (A, C, E, G mineral building) is set as inducing mineral building, all the other mineral buildings are set as presplitting mineral building, and the even number mineral building of lower leaf 1 (b, d, f mineral building) is set as to avalanche mineral building; Then first mineral building that, excavates in advance higher slice 2 induces mineral building A; Finally, successively take the method for " the first order of falling rank excavation avalanche after induction excavation fracturing ", thereby realize the object of the order of falling rank induced fracture avalanche mining.
As shown in Figure 3, fracturing is excavated in induction for the first time: fill induction mineral building A, and excavation induction mineral building C, to presplitting mineral building, B carries out fracturing driling explosion;
As shown in Figure 4, the order of falling rank excavation avalanche for the first time: fill induction mineral building C, excavation avalanche mineral building b, presplitting mineral building B free breakage, now, induces the sequence of excavation of mineral building C and avalanche mineral building b just to form the order of falling rank.
As shown in Figure 5, fracturing is excavated in induction for the second time: remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building b, fill avalanche mineral building b and presplitting mineral building B, and excavation induction mineral building E, to presplitting mineral building, D carries out fracturing driling explosion;
As shown in Figure 6, the order of falling rank excavation avalanche for the second time: fill induction mineral building E, excavation avalanche mineral building d, presplitting mineral building D free breakage, now, induces the sequence of excavation of mineral building E and avalanche mineral building d just to form the order of falling rank.
As shown in Figure 7, fracturing is excavated in induction for the third time: remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building d, fill avalanche mineral building d and presplitting mineral building D, and excavation induction mineral building G, to presplitting mineral building, F carries out fracturing driling explosion;
As shown in Figure 8, the order of falling rank excavation avalanche for the third time: fill induction mineral building G, excavation avalanche mineral building f, presplitting mineral building F free breakage, now, induces the sequence of excavation of mineral building G and avalanche mineral building f just to form the order of falling rank.
Finally, remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building f, fill avalanche mineral building f and presplitting mineral building F, excavation mineral building a, mineral building c, mineral building e and mineral building g, fill mineral building a, mineral building c, mineral building e and mineral building g.
All carrying out step by step above-mentioned steps to ore body, just can complete the exploitation to whole ore body.
Because deep source rock body stress is high, surrounding rock structure integrality is good, joint fissure is few, need to implement split blasting technology, artificial joint fissure, the structural plane manufactured, avalanche mineral building is adopted the empty rear free face condition that forms, the presplitting mineral building condition of disequilibrating under Action of Gravity Field, overcome the suffered element stress of sillar, the glide frictional resistance cause and avalanche, save the cost that directly takes presplitting mineral building, save time.
The present invention is by the artificial block stoping order of adjusting upper lower leaf, can effectively control the concentrated stress direction that secondary excavation produces, be translated into pre-destructive power nugget is carried out to fracturing destruction, and adopt induced fracture blasting technique, ore deposit rock is carried out to fracturing fragmentation, more artificially ore deposit rock is carried out to stress disturbance, cause the progressively unstability of ore body, automatically nugget free breakage is controlled in avalanche, has greatly saved cost of winning, has improved mine production efficiency.
The rock drilling of fracturing hole adopts ZQS-100B down-the-hole drill, aperture 100mm, and fracturing hole is lower to upright opening.Fracturing pitch of holes is calculated according to following formula:
In above formula: S is actual borehole spacing;
for theoretical borehole spacing;
initial crack length in big gun hole
Linear charging density is for being calculated as follows:
In above formula: r-big gun pore radius, mm;
-explosive density, k/cm
3;
-the coefficient of coup not;
the volume degree of packing in-big gun hole (explosive payload of unit volume).
Charge constitution adopts continuous charging mode.
Application example: in the selected segmentation 6 of certain gold mine, ore body overall length 78m, high 30m, ore body is divided into two-layer up and down, every layer height 15m, more upper and lower two-layer ore body is divided respectively to four mineral buildings, the wide 16m of each mineral building.The mineral building of embracing human relations gold mine higher slice 5 from left to right number consecutively is ABCD, specifies mineral building A and mineral building C for induction mineral building, and specifying mineral building B and mineral building D is presplitting mineral building; The mineral building of embracing human relations gold mine lower leaf 4 from left to right number consecutively is abcd, and specifying mineral building b and mineral building d is avalanche mineral building.The mineral building of excavation induction in advance A.So according to the method for above-mentioned " the first order of falling rank excavation avalanche after induction excavation fracturing ", concrete implementation step is:
The first step, excavation induction mineral building C, to presplitting mineral building, B carries out fracturing driling explosion, then fills induction mineral building A, excavation avalanche mineral building b, presplitting mineral building B free breakage; Second step, removes the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building b, fills avalanche mineral building b, and to presplitting mineral building, D carries out fracturing driling explosion, then fills induction mineral building C, excavation avalanche mineral building d, presplitting mineral building D free breakage; The 3rd step, removes the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building d, fills avalanche mineral building d; The 4th step, excavation mineral building a and mineral building c, fill mineral building a and mineral building c.
Application this method has obtained good effect in the mining Practice of this gold mine.
The method this gold mine before and after implementing Contrast on effect of opening a mine
As seen from the above table, cost after application this method, the rate of dilution, loss late, adopts and cuts than obvious reduction, has obtained good effect.
Claims (5)
1. the order of falling a rank induced fracture caved stopes, step is: driving drilling drift makes body to be dug up mine occur the scope of freedom, body to be dug up mine is divided into two-layer up and down, the upper and lower are further subdivided into respectively some mineral buildings, upper strata mineral building is mutually corresponding with lower floor mineral building, upper strata mineral building and lower floor's mineral building are all along drilling drift tunneling direction number consecutively, for ease of describing upper and lower two-layer seven mineral buildings of respectively choosing, upper strata mineral building number consecutively A, B, C, D, E, F, G, the mineral building number consecutively corresponding with upper strata mineral building is a, b, c, d, e, f, g, the odd number mineral building of upper strata mineral building is set as inducing mineral building, even number mineral building is set as presplitting mineral building, the even number mineral building of lower floor's mineral building is set as avalanche mineral building, excavation induction mineral building A, transport the ore of A output, fill induction mineral building A, excavation induction mineral building C, transport the ore of C output, to presplitting mineral building, B carries out fracturing driling explosion, fill induction mineral building C, excavation avalanche mineral building b, transport the ore of b output, presplitting mineral building B free breakage, remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building b, fill avalanche mineral building b and presplitting mineral building B, excavation induction mineral building E, transport the ore of E output, to presplitting mineral building, D carries out fracturing driling explosion, fill induction mineral building E, excavation avalanche mineral building d, presplitting mineral building D free breakage, remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building d, fill avalanche mineral building d and presplitting mineral building D, excavation induction mineral building G, transport the ore of G output, to presplitting mineral building, F carries out fracturing driling explosion, fill induction mineral building G, excavation avalanche mineral building f, presplitting mineral building F free breakage, remove the avalanche thing in avalanche mineral building f, fill avalanche mineral building f and presplitting mineral building F, excavation mineral building a, mineral building c, mineral building e and mineral building g, transport produced ore, fill mineral building a, mineral building c, mineral building e and mineral building g.
2. the order of falling rank induced fracture caved stopes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: mineral building length is made as 16 m.
3. the order of falling rank induced fracture caved stopes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: mineral building filling adopts tailing cemented filling.
4. the order of falling rank induced fracture caved stopes as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the fracturing driling explosion of presplitting mineral building adopts vertical parallel hole, the powder charge of package emulsion manual charging mode, the poor Nonel detonator dual priming of the non-electricity millisecond of row's multistage.
5. the order of falling rank induced fracture caved stopes as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: at the bottom of the aperture in vertical parallel hole and hole, respectively fill a detonator, at the bottom of hole, detonator is apart from 2～3m at the bottom of hole, and aperture detonator is apart from aperture explosive 1～2m.
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| CN113374478A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 | Layered mining and filling method for ultra-thick coal seam with side wall |
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