CN111058847B - Continuous large-aperture deep hole blasting mechanized mining method for thick and large ore body - Google Patents
Continuous large-aperture deep hole blasting mechanized mining method for thick and large ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN111058847B CN111058847B CN201911280973.4A CN201911280973A CN111058847B CN 111058847 B CN111058847 B CN 111058847B CN 201911280973 A CN201911280973 A CN 201911280973A CN 111058847 B CN111058847 B CN 111058847B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous large-aperture deep-hole blasting mechanized mining method for thick and large ore bodies, belonging to the technical field of underground mining. The invention adopts the mode of staggered ore removal and access, reduces the exposed area of the roadway, increases the stability of the roadway at the ore removal layer, and improves the safety of the bottom structure, thereby having the advantages of high safety performance of access mining, high mechanization degree of mining process, large production capacity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a continuous large-aperture deep hole blasting mechanized mining method for thick and large ore bodies.
Background
In a certain polymetallic mine in western regions of China, the length of the ore body is 500-fold-1000 m, the width is 200-fold-500 m, the thickness is about 50m, the geological structure of the mine area is simple, the structural crushing zone is not developed, the rock stratum of the top plate and the bottom plate of the ore body is complete and stable, underground water does not have large hydrostatic pressure, other adverse engineering geological problems are single, and the mining technical conditions are good. The mining production capacity is low and the loss and dilution rate is high by using the traditional mining method. The invention provides a continuous large-aperture deep hole blasting mechanical mining method for thick and large ore bodies, which aims to solve the problems of low recovery rate and low mining efficiency of the traditional open-field method and enrich the mechanical mining method for the thick and large ore bodies in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, such as difficult ore pillar recovery and difficult goaf treatment in the traditional open stope method, and the problem that resources cannot be recovered due to the fact that wall rock on the upper wall of caving breaks the mining technical conditions of the low-grade ore body on the upper wall in the traditional caving mining method. The continuous mechanized mining method for the thick and large ore body has the advantages of efficient resource recovery, low mining cost, advanced technology, safety and reliability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a continuous large-aperture deep hole blasting mechanized mining method for thick and large ore bodies comprises the following steps:
step one, dividing the height of ore blocks into 50-60m and the width of the ore blocks into 30 m; the layering height is 10-15 m. The ore body is delafossite, the average inclination angle of the ore body is 55-75 degrees, the average thickness of an ore layer is about 40-95m, the upper plate of the ore body is mainly dolomite, and the lower plate of the ore body is potassium laponite or dolomite.
Step two, adopting and cutting:
and (3) preparation: tunneling a ore removal connection roadway, a central drift through roadway and an ore removal ore pass from the middle-section transportation roadway to the ore body footwall;
bottom pulling: the construction method comprises the following steps of constructing a mine removal gallery, a mine removal route, a trench gallery, an air return shaft, a cutting raise and a cleavage leak, wherein a one-time bottom-pulling mode of the medium-length hole V-shaped trench is adopted in bottom-pulling work, upward parallel blast holes are drilled in the trench gallery, and the cutting raise is used as a free surface to blast to form a cutting groove. And after the cutting groove is formed, carrying out bottom-pulling work, and drilling an inclined upward hole in the bottom-pulling rock drilling channel. After the upward and horizontal fan-shaped deep hole rock drilling work is finished, blasting ore breaking is carried out, and mechanical equipment is used for loosening and deslagging. After blasting ore removal, the upper parts of the parallel trenches are communicated to form a bottom-pulling space with the height of about 5m, so that an exposed top plate with the upper ore body falling is formed;
layered construction: and (5) excavating a layered connection roadway, a rock drilling connection roadway and a rock drilling gallery.
Step three, rock drilling and ore removal:
bottom pulling adopts a fan-shaped medium-length hole, and successive blasting is carried out to form a trench bottom structure; and (5) drilling the large-diameter deep hole in the rock drilling chamber. The stope end firstly adopts VCR method to draw the slot, and then the lateral blasting is carried out in sections. During lateral blasting, powdered ammonium nitrate explosive is used for continuous coupling charging, and a non-electric millisecond detonating tube detonator is subjected to differential blasting. After blasting and ventilation of the stope are completed, a scraper is adopted to concentrate ore removal at the bottom of the stope, and the shoveled and caved ore is lowered to a middle section haulage roadway through a drop shaft and conveyed out.
Step four, filling the empty area: and after the stoping of the ore body is finished, filling the goaf by cementing bodies or tailings with different strengths according to the practical situation of the stability of the surrounding rock.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. The bottom structure of the traditional mining method is optimized, and the mode of arranging ore removal access roads in a staggered mode is adopted, so that the exposed area of the roadway is reduced, the stability of the roadway at an ore removal layer is improved, and the safety of the bottom structure is improved.
2. The method has the advantages of high safety performance of route-entering mining, high mechanization degree of mining process, high production capacity and the like, and the method is adopted for mining thick and large ore bodies, so that the mining cost is low, the number of operating personnel is small, the centralized production is realized, the management is convenient, the production capacity is high, and the labor productivity is high.
3. The invention adopts subsequent filling, has safe stoping operation, can effectively control mining loss and dilution, can recover mineral resources as much as possible and prolongs the service life of mines. The goaf is processed in time along with the stoping, so that the mining area and the overlying strata thereof are prevented from collapsing, the technical conditions of low-grade ore body mining are effectively protected, protective mining is realized, multi-middle-section simultaneous production can be realized, and the mine production capacity is ensured. The goaf is filled with the tailings, so that part of the ore dressing tailings can be treated, the stockpiling of the tailings on the ground surface is reduced, and the social and environmental protection significance is obvious.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to its proper form. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a continuous large-aperture deep-hole blasting mechanized mining method for thick and large ore bodies according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a right side view B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view D-D of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1-layered connection roadway, 2-ore removal connection roadway, 3-ore caving, 4-blast hole, 5-middle section drift through, 6-rock drilling connection roadway, 7-rock drilling drift, 8-return shaft, 9-ore removal route, 10-ore removal drift, 11-cutting raise, 12-ore removal draw shaft, 13-ore body, 14-split leakage, 15-trench drift and 16-middle section transportation drift.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Taking the delafossite in a certain area of Yunnan as an example, the delafossite has an average inclination angle of 65 degrees and a thicker ore layer with an average thickness of about 50-80m, the upper plate of the ore body is mainly dolostone, and the lower plate of the ore body is potassium laponite or dolostone. The dolomite original rock is hard, compact and brittle, and has good ore body and stability. Referring to fig. 1-4, there is shown a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 1, corresponding to a-a shown in fig. 2/4, the steps of:
step one, dividing ore blocks:
dividing the ore body into 13 ore bodies perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, wherein the height of each ore block is 50-60m, and the width of each ore block is 30 m; the layering height is 10-15 m.
Step two, adopting and cutting:
the construction of the mining engineering is started from the middle section transportation gallery 16, and a ore removal connection gallery 2, a central drift through gallery 5 and an ore removal drop shaft 12 are tunneled from the middle section transportation gallery 16 to the ore body footwall; and then constructing a stope bottom pulling layer, constructing a mine removal gallery 10, a mine removal approach 9, a trench gallery 15, an air return shaft 8, a cutting raise 11 and a cleavage leak 14 from the mine removal connecting roadway 2, wherein the bottom pulling work adopts a medium-length hole V-shaped trench one-time bottom pulling mode, drilling upward parallel blast holes in the trench gallery 15, and blasting by taking the cutting raise 11 as a free surface to form a cutting groove. And after the cutting groove is formed, carrying out bottom-pulling work, and drilling an inclined upward hole in the bottom-pulling rock drilling channel. After the upward and horizontal fan-shaped deep hole rock drilling work is finished, blasting ore breaking is carried out, and mechanical equipment is used for loosening and deslagging. After blasting ore removal, the upper parts of the parallel trenches are communicated to form a bottom-pulling space with the height of about 5m, so that an exposed top plate with the upper ore body falling is formed; and finally, developing each layered connecting road 1, a rock drilling connecting roadway 6 and a rock drilling gallery 7 to form a layered mining working surface.
Step three, rock drilling and ore removal:
bottom drawing is carried out by adopting a medium-length hole, a fan-shaped medium-length hole 4 is constructed by an YGZ-90 type rock drill, the row spacing is 1.2-1.5 m, the hole bottom spacing is 1.8-2.0 m, and a trench bottom structure is formed by successive blasting; and (3) drilling the large-diameter deep hole in the rock drilling chamber by using a T150 type down-the-hole drill, wherein the hole depth is about 50m, the diameter of the drilled hole is 120mm, the row spacing is 2.8-3.0 m, and the hole spacing is 3.5-4.0 m. The stope end firstly adopts VCR method to draw the slot, and then the lateral blasting is carried out in sections. During lateral blasting, continuous coupling charging of powdery ammonium nitrate explosive is adopted, the hole bottom blocking length is 2m, the hole opening blocking length is 3-4 m, and the nonelectric millisecond nonel detonator is subjected to differential initiation. After the stope is completely ventilated after blasting, 1.5m is adopted3The scraper is centralized at the bottom of the stope for ore removal, and the shoveled and broken ore 3 is put down to a middle section haulage roadway through a drop shaft for carrying out.
Step four, filling a vacant area: and after the stoping of the ore body is finished, filling the goaf by cementing bodies or tailings with different strengths according to the practical situation of the stability of the surrounding rock.
Aiming at thick and large continuous ore bodies, the traditional method has high mining loss rate and ore dilution rate, and the collapse method has high damage to vegetation on the earth surface and is easy to cause geological disasters such as earth surface debris flow, collapse and the like. After the method is adopted, the mining loss and the dilution can be effectively controlled, and mineral resources can be recovered as much as possible. Meanwhile, by filling the goaf, the safety of stoping operation can be guaranteed to the maximum extent, and collapse of the mining area and the overlying strata thereof is avoided.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A continuous large-aperture deep hole blasting mechanized mining method for thick and large ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, dividing ore blocks;
dividing ore blocks according to the thickness and the trend of the ore body; the ore body is delafossite, the average inclination angle of the ore body is 55-75 degrees, the average thickness of an ore layer is 40-95m, the upper plate of the ore body is mainly dolomite, and the lower plate of the ore body is potassium laponite or dolomite;
step two, adopting and cutting;
mining preparation, namely tunneling a ore removal connection roadway (2), a central drift through roadway (5) and an ore removal ore pass (12) from a middle-section transportation roadway (16) to the lower wall of an ore body;
carrying out bottom drawing, constructing a mine removal gallery (10), a mine removal approach (9), a trench gallery (15), an air return well (8), a cutting raise (11) and a cleavage leak (14), wherein the bottom drawing work adopts a one-time bottom drawing mode of a medium-deep hole V-shaped trench, firstly drilling upward parallel blast holes in the trench gallery (15), forming cutting grooves by blasting with the cutting raise (11) as a free surface, starting bottom drawing work after forming the cutting grooves, drilling inclined upward holes in a bottom drawing rock channel, blasting and dropping mine and loosening and deslagging by mechanical equipment after completing upward and horizontal fan-shaped deep hole drilling work, and communicating the upper parts of the parallel trenches after blasting and ore removal to form a bottom drawing space with the height of 5m so as to form an exposed top plate with an upper ore body collapse;
performing layered construction, namely excavating a layered connection roadway (1), a rock drilling connection roadway (6) and a rock drilling drift (7);
step three, drilling rock and removing ore;
the bottom is pulled by adopting a fan-shaped medium-length hole (4), and the trench bottom structure is formed by successive blasting; drilling a large-diameter deep hole in a rock drilling chamber, firstly, drawing a groove at the end part of a stope by adopting a VCR method, and then, carrying out sectional lateral blasting; during lateral blasting, powdery ammonium nitrate explosive is adopted for continuous coupling charging, and a non-electric millisecond detonating tube detonator is subjected to differential blasting; after blasting and ventilation of the stope are completed, adopting a scraper to concentrate ore removal at the bottom of the stope, and scraping the collapsed ore (3) and lowering the ore to a middle section haulage roadway through a chute for carrying out ore removal;
step four, filling the empty area;
and after the stoping of the ore body is finished, filling the goaf by cementing bodies or tailings with different strengths according to the practical situation of the stability of the surrounding rock.
2. The method for mechanical mining of thick and large ore body continuous large-aperture deep hole blasting according to claim 1, wherein the method for dividing ore blocks in the first step is as follows: the height of the ore block is 50-60m, and the width of the ore block is 30 m; the layering height is 10-15 m.
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| CN112033243A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-04 | 云南迪庆有色金属有限责任公司 | Upward sector wave-shaped bottom-pulling blasting method |
| CN112502709B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-03-01 | 中南大学 | Pre-control top intelligent mining method for vertical medium-length hole VCR ore breaking and immediate filling after explosion |
| CN112796759B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-05-27 | 中南大学 | Mechanical mining and waste rock filling method for inclined thin vein |
| CN113847032A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-28 | 铜陵有色设计研究院有限责任公司 | Blocking deep hole ore-breaking filling mining method for unstable ore rock inclined thick and large ore body |
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