CN104139516B - 一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法 - Google Patents

一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法 Download PDF

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CN104139516B
CN104139516B CN201410310343.8A CN201410310343A CN104139516B CN 104139516 B CN104139516 B CN 104139516B CN 201410310343 A CN201410310343 A CN 201410310343A CN 104139516 B CN104139516 B CN 104139516B
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杨青芳
董兆麟
艾玉峰
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Xi'an Newt Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,该方法为:一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度和螺杆转速,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;二、将粒料加入微型注塑机中进行注塑成型,控制塑化温度、注射压力、锁模力和保压时间,得到微型可吸收骨钉或微型可吸收骨板。本发明通过控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度和螺杆转速以及螺杆直径和螺杆长径比,使PHBV形成半塑化的粒料,减少了材料在熔融温度的受热时间,并严格控制注塑成型的工艺参数,保证了微型可吸收骨钉、骨板成型的高质量标准要求,成型的微型可吸收骨钉的拉伸强度可达40MPa以上,微型可吸收骨板的弯曲强度可达64MPa以上。

Description

一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法
技术领域
本发明属于硬组织修复材料的成型加工技术领域,具体涉及一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法。
背景技术
可吸收微型接骨钉(以下简称:骨钉)、微型接骨板(以下简称:骨板)主要是用于颅面外科及手术外科骨折及骨移植后固定。目前临床上对颅、颌面外科及手术外科骨折及骨移植后的固定,普遍采用微型钢板、镙钉、微型钛板固定系统等。但由于金属材料与骨骼不匹配,易造成再次骨折危险,且全愈后需二次手术取出,这就增加了患者的痛苦和费用。因此,可吸收微型骨钉及固定骨板就成为临床骨修复最佳最急需的产品。我国进口的可吸收骨钉、骨板,多为美国、日本等国生产的聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙交酯(PGA)等材料制成,其主要特征是在热塑条件下形成的高强度、生物相容性较好、无毒副作用、在体内可降解(降解时间3~5年)的医疗器械产品。可吸收材料避免了取出螺钉的二次手术,从而减轻了病人的痛苦和费用,同时骨棒刚性也与人体骨骼相近,从而不易造成再次骨折的危险。
近年来的临床研究表明,采用聚乳酸(PLA)或聚乙交酯(PGA)制成的骨钉骨板在手术一段时间后,会出现延期的一些炎症反应,可能是由于降解过程中形成的酸性积累,引发临床上非菌性的炎症反应。另外,PLA的降解速度较快,不适宜用于主要承力骨的修复。
β-羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸共聚物(PHBV)是一种生物聚酯,它由细菌生产,能被细菌消化,在土壤或堆肥化条件下完全分解为二氧化碳、水和生物质。PHBV具有完全的生物相容性和对水、气的高阻隔性等,因此在诸如医用材料(缝线、骨钉)、薄膜材料(地膜、购物袋、堆肥袋)、一次性用品(笔、餐具)、包装材料(特别是食品包装)等方面有着广泛的应用前景。但由于PHBV热稳定性差,在加工过程中,当它在熔点以上2℃范围内受热时间稍长,对材料熔体粘度及制备的骨钉、骨板力学性能会有很大影响;其次,由于PHBV结晶度高,球晶大,在宏观上表现为脆性,并且其可加工温度范围窄,抗冲击性能差,因此用常规的成型方法难以制备出满足临床使用要求的PHBV微型可吸收骨钉、骨板。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法。该方法通过控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度和螺杆转速以及螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径和螺杆长径比,使PHBV形成半塑化的粒料,减少了材料在熔融温度的受热时间,并严格控制注塑成型的工艺参数,保证了微型可吸收骨钉、骨板成型的高质量标准要求。成型的微型可吸收骨钉的拉伸强度可达40MPa以上,微型可吸收骨板的弯曲强度可达64MPa以上。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为110℃~165℃,螺杆转速为230rpm~280rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径为22mm~30mm,螺杆长径比为30~40;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,在塑化温度为173℃~178℃,注射压力为1200kgf/cm2~1500kgf/cm2,锁模力为10kN~20kN,保压时间为5s~12s的条件下注塑成型,得到微型可吸收骨钉或微型可吸收骨板;所述微型可吸收骨钉的螺纹外径为2.1mm~4.0mm,长度为5mm~50mm;所述微型可吸收骨板的长度为20mm~23mm,孔数为4~6个。
上述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,步骤一中所述双螺杆挤出机采用挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m的双螺杆挤出机。
上述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,步骤一中所述机筒温度为130℃~145℃,螺杆转速为250rpm~270rpm。
上述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,所述机筒温度为140℃,螺杆转速为260rpm。
上述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,步骤一中所述PHBV的数均分子量为5.0×105~6.0×105
上述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,步骤二中所述微型注塑机为螺杆式微型注塑机,其螺杆直径为14mm~20mm,螺杆长径比为18~22,螺杆式微型注塑机的控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
上述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,步骤二中所述塑化温度为174℃~176℃,注射压力为1295kg/cm2~1305kg/cm2,锁模力为14KN~16KN,保压时间为8s~11s。
上述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,所述塑化温度为175℃,注射压力为1300kg/cm2,锁模力为15KN,保压时间为10s。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明采用PHBV为原料加工微型骨钉骨板,其优点为:①由于PHBV源于3-羟基丁酸和4-羟基丁酸、羟基戊酸,其降解过程中产生的酸性弱于PGA和PLA中的羟基乙酸,因而PHBV降解时不会造成PLA降解时形成的酸性积累,而引发临床上非菌性的炎症反应;②由于PHBV具有PGA和PLA不具有的压电性,PHBV的压电常数与人骨压电常数相当,能很好的刺激成骨细胞的生长,有利于损伤骨的修复;③PHBV降解周期与骨修复周期相近,非常适宜作为骨修复材料;④PHBV是完全由细菌合成的高分子聚合物,它比需要再次人工合成的PLA生产成本低。因此,采用PHBV制备可吸收微型骨钉、骨板,可以形成具有自主知识产权的有着较广泛的创伤修复用途的医疗器械产品,可以填补国内空白,具有广泛的社会效益与经济效益。
2、由于PHBV材料成型加工窗口很窄,常规的加工方法难以满足材料加工工艺要求,本发明通过控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度和螺杆转速以及螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径和螺杆长径比,使PHBV形成半塑化的粒料,减少了材料在熔融温度的受热时间,可有效避免材料在造粒过程的热降解,并通过严格控制注塑成型的工艺参数,保证了微型可吸收骨钉、骨板成型的高质量标准要求。
3、本发明的成型加工方法具有可靠的工艺稳定性,可实现高效率的连续生产,可大幅度的降低PHBV材料损耗和能耗,从而降低生产成本。
4、采用本发明的方法成型的微型可吸收骨钉的拉伸强度可达40MPa以上,微型可吸收骨板的弯曲强度可达64MPa以上。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细描述。
附图说明
图1为PHBV材料的DSC曲线。
图2为PHBV材料在175℃熔融状态的流变曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为110℃,螺杆转速为230rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述PHBV的数均分子量为5.0×105;所述双螺杆挤出机为中国南京杰恩特机电有限公司制造的SHJ-20型双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为30mm,长径比为30,挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m,转速为50rpm~600rpm;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,利用与所要成型的骨钉相配合的模具,在塑化温度为173℃,注射压力为1500kgf/cm2,锁模力为20kN,保压时间为12s的条件下注塑成型,得到螺纹外径为2.1mm,长度为5mm的微型可吸收骨钉;所述微型注塑机为中国宁波今机机械有限公司制造的K-4S型螺杆式微型立式注塑机,其螺杆直径为20mm,螺杆长径比为20,理论注射量为20g,注塑机的料筒控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
实施例2
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为165℃,螺杆转速为280rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述PHBV的数均分子量为6.0×105;所述双螺杆挤出机为中国南京杰恩特机电有限公司制造的SHJ-20型双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为30mm,长径比为30,挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m,转速为50rpm~600rpm;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,利用与所要成型的骨板相配合的模具,在塑化温度为178℃,注射压力为1200kgf/cm2,锁模力为10kN,保压时间为5s的条件下注塑成型,得到长度为20mm,孔数为6个的L型微型可吸收骨板;所述微型注塑机为中国宁波今机机械有限公司制造的K-4S型螺杆式微型立式注塑机,其螺杆直径为20mm,螺杆长径比为20,理论注射量为20g,螺杆式微型注塑机的控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
实施例3
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为130℃,螺杆转速为250rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述PHBV的数均分子量为5.5×105;所述双螺杆挤出机为中国南京杰恩特机电有限公司制造的SHJ-20B型双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为22mm,长径比为40,挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m,转速为50rpm~600rpm;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,利用与所要成型的骨钉相配合的模具,在塑化温度为176℃,注射压力为1295kgf/cm2,锁模力为14kN,保压时间为8s的条件下注塑成型,得到螺纹外径为4.0mm,长度为50mm的微型可吸收骨钉;所述微型注塑机为东莞达明机械有限公司的MA21-S螺杆式微型卧式注塑机,其螺杆直径为18mm,螺杆长径比为22,理论注射量为19g,注塑机的料筒控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
实施例4
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为145℃,螺杆转速为270rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述PHBV的数均分子量为6.0×105;所述双螺杆挤出机为中国南京杰恩特机电有限公司制造的SHJ-20B型双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为22mm,长径比为40,挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m,转速为50rpm~600rpm;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,利用与所要成型的骨钉相配合的模具,在塑化温度为174℃,注射压力为1305kgf/cm2,锁模力为16kN,保压时间为11s的条件下注塑成型,得到螺纹外径为3.0mm,长度为20mm的微型可吸收骨钉;所述微型注塑机为东莞达明机械有限公司的MA21-S螺杆式微型卧式注塑机,其螺杆直径为18mm,螺杆长径比为22,理论注射量为19g,注塑机的料筒控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
实施例5
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为140℃,螺杆转速为260rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述PHBV的数均分子量为5.0×105;所述双螺杆挤出机为中国广州东莞市宝轮精密检测仪器有限公司制造的BL-6I77-A型双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为25mm,长径比为35,挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m,转速为50rpm~600rpm;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,利用与所要成型的骨板相配合的模具,在塑化温度为175℃,注射压力为1300kgf/cm2,锁模力为15kN,保压时间为10s的条件下注塑成型,得到长度为22mm,孔数为4个的直型微型可吸收骨板;所述微型注塑机为德国BOY22A螺杆式微型卧式注塑机,其螺杆直径为18mm,螺杆长径比为18,理论注射量为10g,注塑机的料筒控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
实施例6
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为140℃,螺杆转速为260rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述PHBV的数均分子量为6.0×105;所述双螺杆挤出机为中国广州东莞市宝轮精密检测仪器有限公司制造的BL-6I77-A型双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为25mm,长径比为35,挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m,转速为50rpm~600rpm;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,利用与所要成型的骨板相配合的模具,在塑化温度为175℃,注射压力为1300kgf/cm2,锁模力为15kN,保压时间为10s的条件下注塑成型,得到长度为23mm,孔数为5个的T型微型可吸收骨板;所述微型注塑机为德国BOY22A螺杆式微型卧式注塑机,其螺杆直径为14mm,螺杆长径比为18,理论注射量为10g,注塑机的料筒控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
本发明对PHBV材料进行DSC热分析,结果见图1,从图中可以看出,PHBV材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为3.7℃,熔点温度(Tm)为174.6℃。PHBV材料的结晶度比较高,依据DSC热分析曲线计算出PHBV的熔融焓为80J/g,结晶度为61.5%。
对PHBV在175℃熔融状态的流变性进行研究,试样测试条件:固定的角频率1HZ,温度175℃,变形0.1%。流变曲线见图2,图中曲线分别反映的是测试试样的储能模量、损耗模量和复数粘度随时间的变化情况,其中G'为储能模量(反应材料的弹性,Storagemodulus),G''为损耗模量(反应材料的粘性,Lossmodulus),η*为复数粘度(Complexviscosity)。从图中可以看出,PHBV在熔体状态下,其粘度随时间的增加而降低。PHBV在熔体状态的粘度变化是由于分子量降低引起的,而分子量的降低主要是因为PHBV熔体连续受热的作用,使其分子链中的酯基处产生无归断裂造成的。从图中明显看出PHBV熔体的损耗模量及其复数粘度随时间的增加而明显减小,表明PHBV的热稳定性较差。
检测本发明实施例1、3、4制备的骨钉的拉伸强度和实施例2、5、6制备的骨板的弯曲强度,结果见表1。
表1实施例1至实施例6制备的骨钉或骨板的力学性能
从表1中可以看出,采用本发明的成型加工方法加工的骨钉或骨板具有较强的力学强度,满足对医疗器械对骨钉或骨板的高质量标准要求。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何限制,凡是根据发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、采用双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的机筒温度为110℃~165℃,螺杆转速为230rpm~280rpm,将PHBV制备成半塑化的粒料;所述双螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径为22mm~30mm,螺杆长径比为30~40;
步骤二、将步骤一中所述粒料加入微型注塑机中,在塑化温度为173℃~178℃,注射压力为1200kgf/cm2~1500kgf/cm2,锁模力为10kN~20kN,保压时间为5s~12s的条件下注塑成型,得到微型可吸收骨钉或微型可吸收骨板;所述微型可吸收骨钉的螺纹外径为2.1mm~4.0mm,长度为5mm~50mm;所述微型可吸收骨板的长度为20mm~23mm,孔数为4~6个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述双螺杆挤出机采用挤出压力不大于100kgf/cm2,螺杆扭矩不大于40N·m的双螺杆挤出机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述机筒温度为130℃~145℃,螺杆转速为250rpm~270rpm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,所述机筒温度为140℃,螺杆转速为260rpm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述PHBV的数均分子量为5.0×105~6.0×105
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,步骤二中所述微型注塑机为螺杆式微型注塑机,其螺杆直径为14mm~20mm,螺杆长径比为18~22,螺杆式微型注塑机的控温区分为3段,控温精度为±1℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,步骤二中所述塑化温度为174℃~176℃,注射压力为1295kgf/cm2~1305kgf/cm2,锁模力为14KN~16KN,保压时间为8s~11s。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种微型可吸收骨钉或骨板的成型加工方法,其特征在于,所述塑化温度为175℃,注射压力为1300kgf/cm2,锁模力为15KN,保压时间为10s。
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