CN104130746A - 轻质颗粒以及含有它们的组合物 - Google Patents
轻质颗粒以及含有它们的组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104130746A CN104130746A CN201410345755.5A CN201410345755A CN104130746A CN 104130746 A CN104130746 A CN 104130746A CN 201410345755 A CN201410345755 A CN 201410345755A CN 104130746 A CN104130746 A CN 104130746A
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- particle
- composition
- agent
- sulfur
- capsule
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- QEBJRRFIWCWPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-bis(sulfanyl)-$l^{4}-sulfane Chemical compound CCS(S)(S)CC QEBJRRFIWCWPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical class O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D181/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on polysulfones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D181/02—Polythioethers; Polythioether-ethers
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Abstract
公开了具有涂布有薄聚合物涂层的外表面的颗粒,如包括含硫的聚合物的涂层。还公开了包含这种颗粒的组合物,如耐受燃料的密封剂和涂料组合物。还公开了具有至少部分地由这种密封剂组合物沉积的密封剂密封的孔洞的航空飞行器。
Description
发明领域
本申请是中国专利申请200980134620.1的分案申请。本发明设计颗粒,如微颗粒,以及包含这种颗粒的组合物,如涂料和密封剂组合物。
发明背景
许多制品出于多种原因具有涂布有一个或多个保护性和/或装饰性涂层的表面。航空飞行器构成这些制品的一种示例性类别。通常将各种类型的涂层如底漆和面漆施涂到航空飞行器如飞机或直升机以及许多其它类型制品的各个表面上。这些涂层起到多种保护性和装饰性作用。
另外,许多制品具有可能存在于例如制品的两个组件之间的孔洞。经常采用密封剂来密封这些孔洞,且航空飞行器构成这些制品的一种示例性类别。除了别的以外,飞行器制造中经常使用密封剂用于集成燃料罐和燃料单元间隙。如将理解的那样,这些密封剂必须在长时间暴露于这些罐中典型使用的燃料时耐受膨胀。对于这些密封剂而言其它期望的性能包括高抗张强度、低温柔韧性、以及室温下的流动性。
最近,飞行器制造商,在旨在提高他们飞机的燃料经济性和寿命的努力中,寻找降低飞行器重量的途径。事实上,认为甚至轻微的重量降低,甚至小到10磅,也可以在一些飞行器的寿命中节省几十万美金。
由此,涂料和密封剂制造商试图将轻质填料结合到他们配方中,由此降低他们的一些产品的密度。但是问题在于,仅可以将较少量的这些填料加到一些配方中,如燃料-耐受性密封剂配方,对一些性能不存在明显不利影响。与这些轻质填料相关的一个问题是,它们可能显示对有机溶剂差的耐化学品性,如在施涂到飞行器的一些部分上时可能使组合物暴露于其中的燃料。由此,结合这些轻质填料受到限制,使得航空密封剂的比重,示例地,由于有限地包含这些填料仅成功地从1.6~1.8范围降低到大约1.0~1.2的最小范围。除了燃料耐受性之外,轻质填料还可能对期望的物理性能存在不利影响,例如抗张强度和/或伸长率。
由此,期望提供适合用于各种组合物的改进的轻质填料,例如涂料和密封剂,包括、但并不限于航空涂料和密封剂组合物。特别地,期望提供可以以足以提供比重例如为0.9或更低的密封剂的数量结合到航空密封剂组合物中的轻质填料,且至少对该密封剂的抗张强度、伸长率、和燃料耐受性并不存在明显不利影响。基于前述期望开发出了本发明。
发明概述
一些方面,本发明涉及包含涂布有薄涂层的外表面的颗粒,其中薄涂层包括下列的反应产物:(a)氨基塑料树脂;和(b)包含对氨基塑料树脂有反应性的官能团的化合物。
其它方面,本发明涉及包括涂布有薄涂层的外表面的颗粒,其中该薄涂层包括含硫的聚合物。
仍其它方面,本发明涉及组合物,如涂料和密封剂组合物。本发明的这些组合物包括:(1)包含反应性官能团的聚合物成膜粘合剂;(2)任选地具有对该聚合物成膜粘合剂的官能团有反应性的官能团的交联剂;和(3)分散于粘合剂之中的颗粒,其中该颗粒包括涂布有薄涂层的外表面,该薄涂层包括含有对(1)和/或(2)的官能团有反应性的反应性官能团的聚合物。
仍其它方面,本发明涉及包含下列的组合物:(a)含硫的聚合物粘合剂;和(b)分散于粘合剂之中的轻质颗粒。这些组合物的比重小于1.0,如不大于0.9,或者一些情形下不大于0.85g/cm3。另外,这些组合物在施涂到基材上并固化时获得固化组合物,如固化的密封剂,其具有:(i)在140°F(60℃)和环境压力下在喷气机对照流体(JRF)型号1中浸渍1周之后体积膨胀百分比不大于40%,一些情形下不大于25%,一些情形下不大于20%;(ii)如AMS3269a中所述那样测量的伸长率为至少80%;和(iii)依据AS5127/1a7.7测量的抗张强度为至少2000MPa。
本发明还涉及具有至少部分地由本发明的组合物沉积的密封剂密封的孔洞的航空飞行器,以及相关的方法。
本发明还涉及如下具体的实施方案:
1、一种包括涂布有薄涂层的外表面的颗粒,其中该薄涂层包括下列的反应产物:
(a)氨基塑料树脂;和
(b)包含对氨基塑料树脂有反应性的官能团的化合物。
2、实施方案1的颗粒,其中(b)包含硫醇基团。
3、实施方案1的颗粒,其中该颗粒是轻质的。
4、实施方案1的颗粒,其中该颗粒包括可热膨胀的胶囊。
5、实施方案2的颗粒,其中(b)包括多硫醇。
6、实施方案5的颗粒,其中该多硫醇包括二硫醇。
7、使用实施方案1的颗粒的方法,包括使该颗粒包含在含有该颗粒分散于其中的粘合剂的组合物中。
8、实施方案7的方法,其中该组合物是密封剂组合物。
9、实施方案8的方法,其中该粘合剂包括含硫的聚合物。
10、实施方案9的方法,其中该粘合剂包括聚硫醚。
11、一种包括涂布有薄涂层的外表面的颗粒,其中该薄涂层包括含硫的聚合物。
12、实施方案11的颗粒,其中该含硫的聚合物包括硫醇。
13、实施方案12的颗粒,其中该硫醇包括多硫醇。
14、实施方案13的颗粒,其中该颗粒是轻质的。
15、实施方案14的颗粒,其中该颗粒包括可热膨胀的胶囊。
16、实施方案11的颗粒,其中该含硫的聚合物是包括下列的反应物的反应产物:
(1)氨基塑料树脂;和
(2)多硫醇。
17、实施方案16的颗粒,其中该多硫醇包括二硫醇。
18、使用实施方案11的颗粒的方法,包括使该颗粒包含在含有该颗粒分散于其中的粘合剂的组合物中。
19、实施方案18的方法,其中该组合物是密封剂组合物。
20、实施方案19的方法,其中该粘合剂包括含硫的聚合物。
21、实施方案20的方法,其中该粘合剂包括聚硫醚。
22、一种组合物,其包括:
(a)含硫的聚合物粘合剂;和
(b)分散于该粘合剂中的轻质颗粒,
其中该组合物的比重小于1.0g/cm3,和
其中该组合物在施用到基材上并固化时获得具有如下性能的固化组合物:
(i)在140°F和环境压力下在喷气机对照流体(JRF)型号1中浸渍1周之后体积膨胀百分比不大于40%;
(ii)如AMS3269a中所述那样测量的伸长率为至少80%;和
(iii)依据AS5127/1a7.7测量的抗张强度为至少2000MPa。
23、实施方案22的组合物,其中该组合物是密封剂组合物。
24、实施方案22的组合物,其中该含硫的聚合物包括聚硫醚。
25、实施方案22的组合物,其中比重不大于0.9。
26、实施方案25的组合物,其中比重不大于0.85。
27、一种航空飞行器,其包括至少一个由实施方案23的组合物沉积的密封剂密封的孔洞。
附图说明
图1a和1b描述了依据本发明的一些实施方案的颗粒。
本发明实施方案的详细说明
出于下面详细描述的目的,将理解,本发明可以采取各种替换的变化和步骤顺序,除非相反地清楚指出。另外,除了在任意操作实施例之外,或是相反地指出时,否则表示例如说明书和权利要求书中所用成分的数量的所有数字将理解为在所有情形下由术语“大约”来修饰。由此,除非相反地指出,下面说明书和所附权利要求书中给出的数字参数是近似值,其可以依据由本发明所获得的期望性能而变化。至少地,且并非旨在限制等同原则对于权利要求书范围的应用,每个数字参数应当至少基于所报道的有效数字并应用常规舍入规则来构成。
虽然给出本发明宽范围的数字范围和参数是近似值,但是在具体实施例中给出的数字值尽可能精确地报道。但是,任意数字值本身含有由它们各自试验测量中发现的标准偏差必然产生的一些误差。
另外,应当理解,本文中引用的任意数字值旨在包括其中所包含的所有亚范围。例如,范围“1~10”旨在包括所引用的最小值1和所引用的最大值10之间(且包括)的所有亚范围,也就是具有等于或大于1的最小值和等于或小于10的最大值的亚范围。
如所述,本发明的一些实施方案涉及颗粒,如微颗粒和/或纳米颗粒。如本文中使用的那样,术语“微颗粒”表示直径基本上落入微米范围、即1微米或更大的小颗粒。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“纳米颗粒”表示直径基本上落入纳米范围、即小于1微米、如0.1~500纳米、0.1~300纳米、0.1~100纳米、或者一些情形下0.1~50纳米的小颗粒。如本文中所使用的那样,一般术语颗粒包括微颗粒和纳米颗粒二者。
颗粒形状(或几何形状)可以不同。例如,通常可以采用球形形状(如实心珠粒、微珠粒、或中空球),以及呈立方、扁平状、或针状(细长的或纤维状的)的颗粒。另外,颗粒可以具有呈中空、多孔或无空隙、或者任意前述的组合的内部结构,例如具有多孔或实心壁的中空中心。关于适宜颗粒的更多信息,参考H.Katz等(编者),Handbook ofFillers and Plastics(1987),第9-10页。
适合用于本发明的示例性、但并非限定性的颗粒描述于美国专利申请No.2006/0252881A1第[0028]~段[0055],将其引用部分引入本文中作为参考。
但是,在一些实施方案中,本发明的颗粒是轻质颗粒。如本文中所使用的那样,在提及本发明颗粒时使用的术语“轻质”表示在如本文中所述那样沉积薄涂层之前该颗粒的比重不大于0.7,一些情形下不大于0.25或者不大于0.1。适宜的本发明轻质颗粒经常落入两类中-微球和无定形颗粒。微球的比重经常范围为0.1~0.7,且包括例如聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚丙烯酸酯和聚烯烃的微球、以及粒径范围为5~100微米且比重为0.25的二氧化硅微球(W.R.Grace&Co.)。其它实例包括粒径范围为5~300微米且比重为0.7的氧化铝/二氧化硅微球(Pluess-Stauffer International),比重为约0.45~约0.7的硅酸铝微球和比重为0.13的涂布碳酸钙的聚偏乙烯共聚物微球(DUALITEPierce&StevensCorp.)。
本发明的一些实施方案中,颗粒包括可热膨胀的胶囊。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“可热膨胀的胶囊”表示包含在预定温度下膨胀的挥发性材料的小中空壳。一些实施方案中,这种可热膨胀的胶囊具有5~70μm、一些情形下10~24μm、和仍其它情形下10~17μm的平均初始粒径。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“平均初始粒径”表示任意膨胀之前胶囊的平均粒径。
一些实施方案中,该可热膨胀的胶囊包括置于树脂如热塑性树脂的壁内的挥发性烃。适合用于这种胶囊的烃的实例是但不限于氯甲烷、溴甲烷、三氯乙烷、二氯乙烷、正丁烷、正庚烷、正丙烷、正己烷、正戊烷、异丁烷、异戊烷、异辛烷、新戊烷、石油醚、和含氟的脂族烃如Freon,或其混合物。
适合用于该可热膨胀的胶囊的壁的材料实例是但不限于偏氯乙烯、丙烯腈、苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、和乙酸乙酯的聚合物,这些单体的共聚物,以及共聚物的聚合物的混合物。如果期望的话,可以使用交联剂。
适合用于本发明的可热膨胀的胶囊可从许多公司商购获得,其具体实例包括Union Carbide Corporation的Ucar and PhenolicMicroballoons(酚气囊),Emerson&Cuming Company的Eccospheres(环氧气囊),Emerson&Cuming Company的Eccospheres VF-O(脲气囊),Dow Chemical Company的Saran Microspheres,AKZO NOBEL的Expancel以及Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co.,Ltd.的MatsumotoMicrospheres(莎纶气囊),Arco Polymers Inc.的Dylite ExpandablePolystyrene和BASF-Wyandotte的Expandable Polystyrene Beads(聚苯乙烯气囊),以及JSR Corporation的SX863(P)(交联的苯乙烯-丙烯酸气囊)。
如前所述,本发明的颗粒包括具有沉积在其上的薄涂层的外表面。现在参照图1a和1b,描述了本发明颗粒的一些实施方案。如清楚所见,每种情形下,颗粒10包括其上沉积有薄膜30的外表面20。一些实施方案中,如图1a中所示那样,该颗粒的外表面仅是实心、即非中空颗粒的外部。其它实施方案中,如图1b中所示那样,该外表面是薄壁25的外表面,如可以或者可以不包含在其中的挥发性液体的中空颗粒的情形下。
在本发明中,薄涂层覆盖颗粒外表面的至少一部分。一些实施方案中,该涂层实质上是连续涂层,覆盖颗粒整个表面积的70~100、80~100、90~100、或100%。一些实施方案中,该薄涂层的膜厚小于25、20、15、或5微米。一些实施方案中,该薄涂层的膜厚为至少0.1纳米,如至少10纳米,或至少100纳米,或者一些情形下至少500纳米。
本发明颗粒不同于在颗粒仅由聚合物网络彻底包裹时的情形,如将颗粒分散于成膜粘合剂时的情形。本发明中,将薄膜沉积在各个离散颗粒的外表面上。这些所获的涂敷颗粒那么随后可以分散于成膜粘合剂中,由此获得涂敷颗粒在整个聚合物网络内的分散体。
如所示,在本发明颗粒的一些实施方案中,颗粒的外表面涂布有包含:(1)氨基塑料树脂、和(2)包括对氨基塑料树脂有反应性的官能团的化合物的薄涂层。
本发明颗粒的一些实施方案中,存在于颗粒外表面上的薄涂层包括含硫的聚合物。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“聚合物”包括低聚物以及均聚物和共聚物二者,且前缀“聚”表示两个或多个。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“含硫的聚合物”表示具有至少一个硫原子的任意聚合物,包括、但不限于聚合硫醇、多硫醇、硫醚、聚硫醚和多硫化物。如本文中所使用的那样,“硫醇”表示包含硫醇或巯基、即“SH”基团的化合物,单一官能团或者于其它官能团的组合,如枪击,例如在硫醇甘油的情形下。“多硫醇”表示具有一个以上的SH基团的化合物,如二硫醇或更高官能度硫醇。这些基团典型地是端基和/或侧基,使得它们具有对其它官能团有反应性的活性氢。“硫醚”或“聚硫醚”表示分别含有一个或多个硫原子的化合物,如在聚合物骨架内,并不含有活性氢基团,也就是,它们任一侧上键合于另一硫原子、碳原子等。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“多硫化物”表示包含硫-硫链接(-S-S-)的任意化合物。“多硫醇”可以同时包含端基和/或侧基硫(-SH)和非反应性硫原子(-S-或(-S-S-))。由此,“多硫醇”还经常是“聚硫醚”和/或“多硫化物”。适宜的多硫醇包括例如公开于US7,009,032的那些,将其引入本文中作为参考。
本发明颗粒的一些实施方案中,沉积于颗粒外表面上的薄涂层包括含硫的聚合物,其是氨基塑料树脂与多硫醇的反应产物。
适合用于制备本发明颗粒的氨基塑料树脂包括为或者衍生自甘脲、氨基三嗪和苯代三聚氰胺的至少一种的那些。这些化合物包括例如蜜胺、甘脲、苯代三聚氰胺、乙酰三聚氰胺、甲酰三聚氰胺、螺三聚氰胺等的烷氧基烷基衍生物。
氨基塑料树脂是基于甲醛与带氨基或带酰胺基的物质的缩合产物。最常见的是由醇和甲醛与蜜胺、脲或苯代三聚氰胺的反应获得的缩合产物。但是,也可以采用其它胺和酰胺的缩合产物,例如三嗪、二嗪、三唑、guanadine、三聚氰二胺的醛缩合物,以及这些化合物的烷基-和芳基-取代的衍生物,包括烷基-和芳基-取代的脲以及烷基-和芳基-取代的蜜胺。这些化合物的一些实例是N,N’-二甲基脲、苯并脲、二氰二酰胺、甲酰三聚氰胺、乙酰三聚氰胺、甘脲、三聚氰酸二酰胺、2-氯-4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、6-甲基-2,4-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、3,5-二氨基三唑、三氨基嘧啶、2-巯基-4,6-二氨基嘧啶和3,4,6-三(乙基氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
虽然所用的醛经常是甲醛,但是可以由其它醛如乙醛、巴豆醛、丙烯醛、安息香醛、糠醛和乙二醛制得其它类似的缩合产物。
氨基塑料树脂可以含有甲基醇或其它烷基醇基团,且在一些情形下,这些烷基醇的至少一部分通过与醇的反应而醚化。可以采用任意单羟基醇用于这个目的,包括醇如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇、己醇、庚醇和其它,以及苄醇和其它芳族醇,环状醇如环己醇,二醇的单醚,和卤素取代的或其它取代的醇,如3-氯丙醇和丁氧基乙醇。通常采用的氨基塑料树脂包括用甲醇或丁醇充分烷基化的那些。
本发明的一些实施方案中,氨基塑料树脂包括高度烷基化的、低亚氨基的氨基塑料树脂,其聚合度(“DP”)小于3.75,经常小于3.0,且一些情形下小于2.0。通常,数均聚合物定义为每个聚合物链的平均结构单元数(参见George Odian,Principles of Polymerization,John Wiley&Sons(1991))。出于本发明的目的,例如,DP1.0表示彻底单体的三嗪结构,同时DP2.0表示通过亚甲基或亚甲基-氧基桥连接的两个三嗪环。应当理解,本文中和权利要求书中报道的DP值表示由凝胶渗透色谱数据测量的平均DP值。
适宜氨基三嗪化合物的非限定性实例包括烷氧基烷基氨基三嗪,如(甲氧基甲基)蜜胺-甲醛树脂,例如可从Solutia,Inc.商购获得的CE-7103、745、和747以及300、303;乙基化-甲基化的苯代三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂,例如1123;乙基化-甲基化的蜜胺-甲醛树脂,例如1116;和甲基化-丁基化的蜜胺-甲醛树脂,例如可从Cytec Industries,Inc商购获得的202、235、238、254、272、1135、1133、1168和可从Solutia,Inc.商购获得的755、757。
如所示,依据本发明的一些实施方案,氨基塑料与包含对其有反应性的官能团的化合物反应,由此形成沉积于本发明颗粒的外表面上的薄壁。适宜官能团包括、但不限于羟基和硫醇基团。如理解的那样,这些基团对于氨基塑料树脂中存在的烷基醇基团有反应性。一些实施方案中,采用多硫醇。这些实施方案中,可以选择反应物的相对用量,由此获得含有氨基官能硫的聚合物或含有硫醇官能硫的聚合物,如硫醇官能多硫化物或聚硫醚。由此,在一些实施方案中,例如,使(>n)mol的多硫醇,如具有结构(I)的二硫醇:
HS-R1-SH (I)
或者至少两种具有结构(I)的不同化合物的混合物,与(n)mol的氨基塑料反应,由此将含有硫醇官能硫的聚合物以薄涂层提供在本发明颗粒上。
一些实施方案中,这种二硫醇包括其中R1为C2-6正-亚烷基的那些化合物,即1,2-乙烷二硫醇、1,3-丙烷二硫醇、1,4-丁烷二硫醇、1,5-戊烷二硫醇、或1,6-己烷二硫醇。
其它适宜的二硫醇包括其中R1为C3-6支化亚烷基的那些化合物,其具有一个或多个可以为例如甲基或乙基的侧基。结构(I)中R1为支化亚烷基的适宜化合物包括1,2-丙烷二硫醇、1,3-丁烷二硫醇、2,3-丁烷二硫醇、1,3-戊烷二硫醇和1,3-二硫代-3-甲基丁烷。其它适用的二硫醇包括其中R1为C6-8环亚烷基或C6-10烷基环亚烷基的那些,例如二戊烯二硫醇和乙基环己基二硫醇(ECHDT)。
其它适宜的二硫醇包含在碳骨架中的一个或多个杂原子取代基,也就是,其中X(如下所述)为杂原子如O、S或其它二价杂原子残基、仲或叔氨基即-NR-(其中R为氢或甲基)、或者另一取代的三价杂原子的二硫醇。一些实施方案中,X为O或S,且结构(I)中R1为:
–[(–CHR3–)s–O–]q–(–CHR3–)r–,或者
–[(–CHR3–)s–S–]q–(–CHR3–)r–
其中R3为氢或烷基如甲基,s为数值范围在2~6的整数,q为数值范围在1~5的整数,且r为数值范围为2~10的整数。一些实施方案中,下标s和r相等,且一些情形下二者值为2。这种类型的示例性二硫醇包括二巯基二乙基硫化物(DMDS)(s,r=2,q=1,X=S,R3=H)、二巯基二氧杂辛烷(DMDO)(s,q,r=2,X=O,R3=H)、和1,5-二巯基-3-氧杂戊烷(s,r=2,q=1,X=O,R3=H)。还能够采用同时包含在碳骨架中的杂原子和侧基烷基如甲基的二硫醇。这种化合物包括甲基取代的DMDS,如:
HS–CH2CH(CH3)–S–CH2CH2–SH
和
HS–CH(CH3)CH2–S–CH2CH2–SH
和二甲基取代的DMDS,如:
HS–CH2CH(CH3)–S–CH(CH3)CH2–SH
和
HS–CH(CH3)CH2–S–CH2CH(CH3)–SH。
如果期望的话,也可以采用两种或多种不同的结构(I)的二硫醇。
一些实施方案中,与氨基塑料反应的多硫醇包括聚合的多硫醇,如硫醇官能的多硫化物或聚硫醚。一些实施方案中,该多硫醇包括硫醇封端的聚硫醚,例如,具有如下结构(II)的那些:
HS-R1-[-S-(CH2)p-O-[-R2-O-]m-(CH2)2-S-R1-]n-SH
(II)
其中结构(II)中R1表示C2-10正-亚烷基,如C2-6正-亚烷基;C2-6支化亚烷基,如C3-6支化亚烷基,具有一个或多个可以为例如烷基如甲基或乙基的侧基;亚烷基氧基;C6-8环亚烷基;C6-10烷基环亚烷基;杂环基团;或者-[(-CHR3-)s-X-]q-(-CHR3-)r-,其中s为数值范围在2~6的整数,q为数值范围在1~5的整数,r为数值范围在2~10的整数,R3为氢或甲基,且X表示O、S、或-NR-,其中R表示烷基;每个R2在结构(II)中表示亚甲基;C2-10正-亚烷基,如C2-6正-亚烷基;C2-6支化亚烷基,如C3-6支化亚烷基;C6-8环亚烷基;C6-14烷基环亚烷基,如C6-10烷基环亚烷基;杂环基团;或者-[(-CHR3-)s-X-]q-(-CHR3-)r-,其中R3、s、q、r、和X如上所定义;m为数值范围在0~50、如0~10或1~10的有理数;n为数值范围在1~60的整数;且p为数值范围在2~6的整数。
适宜的聚硫醚可以通过方法来制备。一些实施方案中,使(>n)mol的具有如前所述结构(I)的化合物或者至少两种具有结构(I)的不同化合物的混合物,与(n)mol的具有结构(IIIa)和/或(IIIb)的化合物,在催化剂的存在下反应:
–ROCH=CH2 (IIIa)
CH2=CH-O-(-R2-O-)m-CH=CH2 (IIIb)
式(IIIa)中,R为具有2~20个碳原子的二价烃基,其中该烃基不包含对-SH有反应性的官能团,如环氧基团和烯属不饱和基团。
式(IIIa)的化合物为乙烯基醚。适宜乙烯基醚的具体实例包括、但不限于乙基乙烯基醚、丙基乙烯基醚、丁基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、十二烷基乙烯基醚、十六烷基乙烯基醚、乙二醇单乙烯基醚、丁二醇单乙烯基醚、乙二醇丁基乙烯基醚、三乙二醇甲基乙烯基醚、2-乙基己基乙烯基醚、环己基乙烯基醚、叔丁基乙烯基醚、叔戊基乙烯基醚、二乙二醇单乙烯基醚、己二醇单乙烯基醚、氨基丙基乙烯基醚、和2-二乙基氨基乙基乙烯基醚。
式(IIIb)中,m为数值范围在0~50,如0~10或1~10的有理数,且R2如结构(II)中所定义。
结构(IIIb)的化合物为二乙烯基醚。可以使用二乙烯基醚本身(m=0)。其它适宜的二乙烯基醚包括具有至少一个氧基亚烷基的那些化合物,如1~4个氧基亚烷基(即其中m为整数1~4的那些化合物)。一些实施方案中,m为整数2~4。也能够在制备适宜聚硫醚中采用可商购获得的二乙烯基醚混合物。这种混合物的特征在于每个分子的烷氧基单元数为非整数平均值。由此,结构(IIIb)中m也可以表示0~50之间的非整数的、有理数值,如1~10之间,或者一些情形下1~4之间,如2~4之间。
示例性二乙烯基醚包括其中结构(IIIb)中R2为C2-6正-亚烷基或C2-6支化亚烷基的那些化合物,如乙二醇二乙烯基醚(EG-DVE)(R2=亚乙基,m=1);丁二醇二乙烯基醚(BD-DVE)(R2亚丁基,m=1);己二醇二乙烯基醚(HD-DVE)(R2=亚己基,m=1);二乙二醇二乙烯基醚(DEG-DVE)(R2=亚乙基,m=2);三乙二醇二乙烯基醚(R2=亚乙基,m=3);和四乙二醇二乙烯基醚(R2=亚乙基,m=4)和聚四氢呋喃基二乙烯基醚。一些实施方案中,该聚乙烯基醚单体可以进一步包括一个或多个侧基,选自亚烷基、羟基、亚烷基氧基、和胺基团。适用的二乙烯基醚共混物包括型共混物如E-200二乙烯基醚(可从BASF商购获得),为此R2=乙基且m=3.8,以及"DPE"聚合物共混物如DPE-2和DPE-3(可从International Specialty Products,Wayne,N.J.商购获得)。
结构(IIIb)中R2为C2-6支化亚烷基的适用的二乙烯基醚可以通过使多羟基化合物与乙炔反应来制备。这种类型的示例性化合物包括其中R2为烷基取代的亚甲基如–CH(CH3)–或者烷基取代的亚乙基如-CH2CH(CH3)–的化合物。
其它适用的二乙烯基醚包括其中结构(IIIb)中R2为聚四氢呋喃基(聚-THF)或聚氧亚烷基的化合物,一些情形下平均具有约3个单体单元。
一些情形下,可以使用三乙烯基醚单体如三羟甲基丙烷三乙烯基醚;四官能乙烯基醚单体如季戊四醇四乙烯基醚单体;及其混合物。
结构(I)与(IIIa)和/或(IIIb)的化合物之间的反应有时通过自由基催化剂来催化。适宜的自由基催化剂包括偶氮化合物,例如偶氮二腈化合物如偶氮二异丁睛(AIBN);有机过氧化物如过氧化苯甲酰和叔丁基过氧化物;和类似的自由基形成剂。该反应也可以通过用紫外光的辐照来作用,使用或不使用光敏剂如二苯甲酮。
本发明颗粒可以通过任意适宜的技术来制备,包括例如实施例中所述的那些。一些实施方案中,通过在搅拌下制备颗粒与氨基塑料树脂在水中的含水分散体,获得该颗粒。随后可以加入催化剂并将分散体加热到例如50~80℃。保持一段时间之后,随后可以将对氨基塑料树脂有反应性的化合物如多硫醇加到该含水分散体中。这种技术中的催化剂并无特别限制,且可以包括例如酸如盐酸、硫酸、p-甲苯磺酸、硝酸等,或者在含水溶液中显示酸性的有机盐如硫酸铵、明矾(硫酸铝铵)等。
由此形成的表面涂布的颗粒可以通过离心或真空过滤来分离,并如果必要的话,随后可以用热空气流处理所获的湿滤饼,获得干燥产品。
如前所述,本发明的一些实施方案涉及组合物,如燃料耐受性组合物,其包括前述包含涂布有薄涂层的外表面的颗粒。一些实施方案中,例如,本发明涉及密封剂组合物,如燃料耐受性密封剂组合物,其包括前述包含涂布有薄涂层的外表面的轻质颗粒。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“密封剂组合物”表示能够产生具有耐受大气条件如湿度和温度且至少部分地阻隔材料如水、燃料、以及其它液体和气体的传送的能力的膜的组合物。一些实施方案中,本发明的密封剂组合物适用例如作为航空密封剂和衬料用于燃料罐。
一些实施方案中,本文中所述的轻质颗粒在本发明组合物中的存在量为至少0.1wt%,如至少1wt%,基于该组合物总重。一些实施方案中,该轻质颗粒在本发明组合物中的存在量不大于40wt%,如不大于20wt%、10wt%,或者一些情形下不大于5wt%,基于该组合物总重。该组合物中轻质颗粒的用量范围可以位于所述值之间的任意组合,包括所述值。
该组合物,如密封剂组合物,在一些实施方案中,包括含有前述颗粒的填料和燃料耐受性含硫聚合物粘合剂。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“粘合剂”表示本发明颗粒分散于其中的连续材料。适合用于本发明密封剂组合物的粘合剂材料包括、但不限于,(1)多硫化物聚甲醛聚合物,如US 2,466,963中所述的那些;(2)含有烷基侧链的聚硫醚聚合物,如US 4,366,307中所述的那些;(3)聚合物骨架中不含氧的聚硫醚,如US 4,609,762中所述的那些;(4)依据前述结构(II)的聚硫醚,如US 5,912,319和6,172,179中所述的那些;(5)环氧-封端的聚硫醚,如美国专利申请文献2005/0010003中所述的那些;(6)乙烯基封端的聚硫醚,如美国专利申请文献2006/0270796中所述的那些;(7)为包含:(a)α,ω-二卤代有机化合物、(b)金属氢硫化物、和(c)金属氢氧化物的反应产物的硫醚,如美国专利申请No.12/108,782中所述的那些;和(8)异氰酸酯官能聚硫醚-聚氨酯和/或聚硫代氨酯和/或氨基/羟基-官能聚硫醚,如美国专利申请No.11/772,840中所述的那些。
一些实施方案中,本发明的密封剂组合物还包括固化剂、即交联剂,其包括下列中的至少一种或多种:聚烯烃、聚丙烯酸酯、金属氧化物、和聚环氧化物,其对含硫聚合物粘合剂的反应性官能团有共反应性。具体示例性固化剂包括乙内酰脲二环氧化物,双酚A的二缩水甘油醚如EPON828(Resolution Performance Products,LLC),双酚F的二缩水甘油醚,Novolac型环氧化物如(Dow Plastics),环氧化的不饱和酚醛树脂,基于二聚体酸的环氧树脂,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸多元醇酯,和三烯丙基氰尿酸酯(TAC)。
依据本发明密封剂组合物中所用的含硫聚合物粘合剂的性质,该组合物可以,在一些实施方案中,包含90%~150%、如95%~125%的化学计量量的所选固化剂,基于-SH当量。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包含至少一种填料,除了本发明颗粒之外。可以将填料加到本发明组合物中赋予期望的物理性能,例如提高抗冲强度、控制粘度、或者改进电学性能。适用于本发明用于航空和航天应用的可固化组合物的填料包括本领域中通常使用的那些,如碳黑、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、和聚合物粉末。示例性填料包括D-13疏水性沉淀法二氧化硅(Degussa)、SPM沉淀法碳酸钙(Solvay Chemicals)、TS-270(CabotCorporation)、二氧化钛(DuPont)、氢氧化铝、和1002D天然超细聚酰胺粉末(Atofina Chemicals)。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包括至少一种选自下列的添加剂:增塑剂、着色剂、固化促进剂、表面活性剂、粘结促进剂、触变剂、阻燃剂、和遮蔽剂。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包含至少一种增塑剂。一些实施方案中,该增塑剂包括下列中的至少一种:邻苯二甲酸酯、氯化链烷烃、和氢化三联苯。适用增塑剂的实例包括改性的聚苯(Solutia,Inc.)、和桐油(Campbell&Co.)。一些实施方案中,增塑剂占该组合物总重的1wt%~40wt%。其它实施方案中,该增塑剂占该组合物总重的1wt%~8wt%。
其它实施方案中,如该组合物包含环氧固化剂时,本发明组合物包括至少一种固化促进剂或催化剂。其它实施方案中,固化剂促进剂包括至少一种下列有机胺促进剂:三乙胺(TEA)、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚(DMP-30)、1,1,3,3-四甲基胍(TMG)、氨基甲酸酯膏料(PRC-DeSotoInternational)、和1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷(DABCO)(AirProducts)。一些实施方案中,该催化剂可以是,例如,钛酸酯TBT(DuPont)。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包括一种或多种粘结促进剂和偶联剂。粘结促进剂和偶联剂可以增强该组合物的聚合物组分与颗粒添加剂如本发明颗粒、以及与基材表面的粘合力。粘结促进剂的示例包括酚醛树脂如Methylon75108酚醛树脂(Occidental ChemicalCorp.),和包含环氧、巯基或氨基官能度的有机硅烷如Silquest(8-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)和Silquest(8-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)(OSi Specialties)。其它适用的粘结促进剂包括有机钛酸酯,例如叔丁基钛酸酯(TBT)(Dupont)、水解的硅烷(PRC-DeSoto International)、和phenolic cook(PRC-DeSoto International)。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包括至少一种触变剂。触变剂可以响应剪切应力而稳定该组合物粘度。一些实施方案中,该触变剂包括至少一种锻烧二氧化硅和碳黑。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包括至少一种阻燃剂。阻燃剂降低固化组合物的可燃性。
仍其它实施方案中,本发明组合物包括至少一种遮蔽剂,如松木香料或其它香料,其适用于遮盖可固化组合物的任意不期望的低水平臭味。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物进一步包括至少一种挥发性有机溶剂,如异丙醇。可以包含该有机溶剂以降低在施涂期间可固化组合物的粘合并在施涂之后蒸发。
一些实施方案中,本发明组合物包括着色剂。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“着色剂”表示赋予该组合物颜色和/或其它不透明性和/或其它视觉效果的任意物质。可以将着色剂以任意适宜的形式加到涂料中,如离散颗粒、分散体、溶液和/或薄片。在本发明的涂料中可以适用单一着色剂或者两种或多种着色剂的混合物。
示例性着色剂包括颜料、染料和色调,如油漆工业中所用的和/或the Dry Color Manufacturers Association(DCMA)中所列的那些,以及特效组合物。着色剂可以包括例如细分散的固体粉末,其在使用条件小不可溶但可润湿。着色剂可以是有机的或无机的,且可以是聚集的或未聚集的。着色剂可以通过使用研磨介质如巴西酸研磨介质结合到涂料中,其使用对于本领域技术人员而言是熟知的。
示例性颜料和/或颜料组合物包括、但不限于咔唑二噁嗪粗颜料、偶氮、单偶氮、二偶氮、萘酚AS、盐型(色淀)、苯并咪唑酮、缩合物、金属络合物、异吲哚啉酮、异吲哚啉和多环酞菁染料、喹吖二酮、二萘嵌苯、紫环酮、二酮吡咯并吡咯、硫靛蓝、蒽醌、靛蒽醌、蒽素嘧啶、黄烷士林、皮蒽酮、蒽嵌蒽醌、二噁嗪、三芳基碳正离子、喹酞酮颜料、二酮吡咯并吡咯红(“DPPBO红”)、二氧化钛、碳黑及其混合物。术语“颜料”和“着色填料”可以互换地使用。
示例性染料包括、但不限于基于溶剂和/或含水的那些,如pthalo绿或蓝,氧化铁,钒酸铋,蒽醌,二萘嵌苯,铝和喹吖二酮。
示例性色调包括、但不限于分散于水基或水互溶性载体中的颜料,如可从Degussa,Inc.商购获得的AQUA-CHEM896,以及可从Eastman Chemical,Inc.的Accurate Dispersions分支机构商购获得的CHARISMA COLORANTS和MAXITONER INDUSTRIAL COLORANTS。
如上所示,着色剂可以是分散体形式的,包括、但不限于纳米颗粒分散体。纳米颗粒分散体可以包括一种或多种高度分散的纳米颗粒着色剂和/或着色剂颗粒,其产生期望的可见颜色和/或不透明性和/或视觉效果。纳米颗粒分散体可以包括着色剂如粒径小于150nm、如小于70nm、或小于30nm的颜料或染料。纳米颗粒可以通过将储存的有机或无机颜料用粒径小于0.5mm的研磨介质进行研磨制得。示例性纳米颗粒分散体及其制备方法描述于US6,875,800B2,将其引入本文中作为参考。纳米颗粒分散体还可以通过结晶、沉淀、气相凝结、和化学滴定(即部分溶解)来制备。为了使纳米颗粒在涂料中的再聚集最小化,可以使用涂布树脂的纳米颗粒的分散体。如本文中所使用的那样,“涂布树脂的纳米颗粒的分散体”表示包含纳米颗粒和涂布在该纳米颗粒之上的树脂的“复合微颗粒”小心地分散于其中的连续相。涂布树脂的纳米颗粒的示例性分散体及其制备方法描述于2004年6月24日提交的美国专利申请文献2005-0287348A1,2003年6月24日提交的美国临时申请No.60/482,167,和2006年1月20日提交的美国专利申请No.11/337,062,将其引入本文中作为参考。
可以在本发明组合物中使用的示例性特效组合物包括产生一种或多种外观效果如反射比、珠光、金属光泽、磷光、荧光、光致变色、感光性、热致变色、角度变色和/或变色的颜料和/或组合物。额外的特效组合物可以提供其它可感知的性能,如不透明性或质地。非限定性实施方案中,特效组合物可以产生色移,使得在不同角度观察该涂层时涂层颜色发生变化。示例性颜色效果组合物描述于US6,894,086,将其引入本文中作为参考。额外的颜色效果组合物可以包括透明的涂敷云母和/或合成云母,涂布二氧化硅,涂布氧化铝,透明液晶颜料,液晶涂料,和/或任意组合物,其中由于材料内折射率差别且并非是由于材料表面与空气之间的折射率差别而产生干涉。
通常,着色剂可以以足以赋予期望的视觉和/或颜色效果的任意数量存在。着色剂可以占本发明组合物的1~65wt%,如3~40wt%或5~35wt%,wt%基于该组合物总重。
本发明组合物可以施涂到多种基材的任一种上。本发明组合物施涂到其上的常规基材可以包括钛、不锈钢、铝(其阳极化的、涂底漆的、涂布有机物的和涂布铬酸盐的形式)、环氧化物、聚氨酯、石墨、玻璃纤维复合材料、丙烯酸树脂和聚碳酸酯。
本发明组合物可以直接施涂到基材表面之上或者底层之上,通过本领域普通技术人员公知的任意适宜的涂布工艺,例如通过浸涂、直接辊涂、反向辊涂、帘涂、喷涂、刷涂、真空涂布及其组合。将该组合物施涂到基材上的方法和装置可以至少部分地由基材的布局和类型来决定。
本发明组合物的一些实施方案期望地在环境温度和压力下固化,但是该配方通常可以在0~100℃或更高的温度范围下固化。
如前所述,本发明的一些实施方案涉及“燃料耐受性”密封剂组合物。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“燃料耐受性”表示本发明组合物在施涂到基材上并固化时,可以提供在140°F(60℃)和环境压力(1个大气压)下在喷气机对照流体(JRF)型号1中浸渍1周之后体积膨胀百分比不大于40%、一些情形下不大于25%、一些情形下不大于20%的固化密封剂,依据ASTM D792或AMS3269a中所述的那些方法,将其引入本文中作为参考。喷气机对照流体JRF型号1(在本文中用于测量燃料耐受性)具有如下组成(参考AMS2629,1989年7月1日出版),§3.1.1以及下列等等,可从SAE(Society of Automotive Engineers,Warrendale,Pa.)获得(将其引入本文中作为参考):
(亚铅酸钠硫醇氧化法)
一些实施方案中,本发明的燃料耐受性组合物具有极低的比重。一些实施方案中,本发明的燃料耐受性组合物的比重小于1.0,如不大于0.9,一些情形下不大于0.85,仍其它情形下不大于0.8。
一些实施方案中,本发明的密封剂组合物还具有由已知方法测量的良好低温柔韧性,例如通过AMS(Aerospace MaterialSpecification)3267§4.5.4.7,MIL-S(Military Specification)-8802E§3.3.12和MIL-S-29574,以及通过类似于ASTM(AmericanSociety for Testing and Materials)D522-88中所述那些的方法。具有良好低温柔韧性的固化配方是航空中期望的,因为该配方经受环境条件(如温度和压力)、和物理条件(如接头收缩和膨胀和振动)中的宽泛变化。如本文中所使用的那样,术语“柔韧性”,在提及该组合物性能使用时,表示如AMS3269a中所述测量的伸长率为至少80%的固化组合物。
另外,本发明组合物在施涂到基材上并固化时,提供了具有高抗张强度的固化密封剂。换句话说,在依据AS5127/1a7.7测量时,固化密封剂的抗张强度为至少2000MPa。
如由前述描述中显而易见的那样,本发明还涉及利用本发明组合物密封孔洞的方法。这些方法包括(a)将本发明组合物施涂到表面上以密封孔洞;和(b)使该组合物在例如环境条件下固化。
下列实施例举例说明了本发明,但是并不认为是将本发明限定于这些详细内容。除非相反地指出,下列实施例中以及整个说明书中的所有份数和百分比是以重量计的。
实施例
实施例1-3
采用表1的成分和用量,制备包含涂布有薄涂层的外表面的颗粒。
表1
1干燥、膨胀的热塑性中空球,可从Akzo Nobel商购获得。
2蜜胺-甲醛树脂,可从Cytec Industries Inc.商购获得。
310%w/w对-甲苯磺酸,溶于去离子水。
4可从Sigma Aldrich商购获得。
将组分1、2、和3加入装有搅拌器和加热套的2L园底烧瓶中。在搅拌下,加入组分4并使所获混合物升温到60℃并保持2小时。随后在2分钟内加入组分5(使用时),并随后使混合物在60℃下再保持3小时。除去加热并随后加入组分6。随后将混合物搅拌10分钟。将固体在布氏漏斗中过滤,用清水洗涤三次,并使其在环境温度下干燥过夜,随后在49℃下干燥24小时。随后将粉末经由250微米筛进行筛分。
实施例4-7
采用表2的成分和用量制备密封剂组合物。
表2
5硫醇-封端的聚硫醚,可从from PRC-DeSoto International,Inc.,Sylmar,California商购获得。
6γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,可从OSi Specialties商购获得。
7催化剂,可从Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.商购获得。
8处理过的锻烧二氧化硅,可从Cabot Corp.商购获得。
9DEN431(可从Dupont获得)和Epon828(可从Hexion specialty Chemical获得)的2.31/1混合物。
将每个密封剂组合物铺开成均匀0.125英寸厚薄片,并使其在室温下固化2周。测试所获薄片的燃料耐受性、比重、抗张强度、和伸长率。结果在表3中给出。
表3
10依据AS5127/1A7.5。
11依据AMS2929type1。
12依据AS5127/1a7.7。
13依据AMS3269a。
基于前述结果,认为常规配方实践的事实是,采用本发明的轻质颗粒和含硫的聚合物,实现了比重小于1.0,如不大于0.9,或者一些情形下小于0.85g/cm3的组合物,且在施涂到基材上并固化时获得固化组合物,如固化的密封剂,其具有:(i)在140°F(60℃)和环境压力下在喷气机对照流体(JRF)型号1中浸渍1周之后体积膨胀百分比不大于40%,一些情形下不大于25%,一些情形下不大于20%;(ii)如AMS3269a中所述那样测量的伸长率为至少80%;和(iii)依据AS5127/1a7.7测量的抗张强度为至少2000MPa。迄今为止这种组合物并非得以实现。
实施例8-10
将如上所述的颗粒悬浮在甲乙酮中,并记录颗粒下沉到容器底部所需的时间。结果在表4中给出。
表4
实施例 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
颗粒 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
时间(天) | 13 | 27 | 40 |
虽然上面出于举例说明的目的描述了本发明的特定实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员而言明显的是,可以进行本发明详细内容的许多改变,并不背离如所附权利要求限定的本发明。
Claims (24)
1.一种包括外表面的颗粒,该外表面具有膜厚小于25μm的薄涂层,其中该涂层包括:
(a)氨基塑料树脂和该外表面的反应产物;和
(b)所述(a)的反应产物和包括如下的化合物:
(i)对氨基塑料树脂有反应性的官能团;和
(ii)对成膜粘合剂、交联剂、或成膜粘合剂和交联剂两者有反应性的官能团。
2.权利要求1的颗粒,其中该颗粒是在沉积薄涂层之前具有不大于0.7的比重的轻质颗粒。
3.权利要求1的颗粒,其中该颗粒包括可热膨胀的胶囊,其中该可热膨胀的胶囊具有在膨胀之前5μm~70μm的平均初始粒径,并且包含在预定温度下膨胀的挥发性材料。
4.权利要求1的颗粒,其中对成膜粘合剂、交联剂、或成膜粘合剂和交联剂两者有反应性的官能团包含硫醇基团。
5.权利要求1的颗粒,其中该化合物包含羟基和硫醇基团。
6.权利要求1的颗粒,其中该颗粒包括可热膨胀的胶囊。
7.权利要求6的颗粒,其中该可热膨胀的胶囊包括可热膨胀的热塑性胶囊。
8.权利要求1的颗粒,其中该颗粒包括聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚丙烯酸酯微球、聚烯烃微球、二氧化硅微球、氧化铝/二氧化硅微球、硅酸铝微球、涂布碳酸钙的聚偏乙烯共聚物微球、或可热膨胀的胶囊。
9.权利要求1的颗粒,其中对氨基塑料树脂有反应性的官能团选自硫醇基团、羟基、或其组合。
10.权利要求1的颗粒,其中该涂层从外表面的70%至100%是基本连续的。
11.权利要求1的颗粒,其中将氨基塑料树脂在与该化合物反应之前偶联到该颗粒的外表面。
12.一种组合物,其包括:
多个权利要求1的颗粒;和
含硫的聚合物。
13.权利要求12的组合物,其中含硫的聚合物选自聚硫醚、多硫化物、含硫的聚甲缩醛、及其任意的组合。
14.权利要求12的组合物,包括交联剂,该交联剂包含对成膜粘合剂有反应性的官能团。
15.权利要求12的组合物,配制为比重小于1.0g/cm的密封剂。
16.一种固化的密封剂,包含权利要求12的组合物。
17.权利要求16的固化的密封剂,配制为比重小于1.0g/cm3的密封剂。
18.权利要求16的固化的密封剂,其中固化的密封剂显示:
在140°F(60℃)和环境压力下在喷气机对照流体型号1中浸渍1周之后体积膨胀百分比不大于40%;
如AMS3269a中所述那样测量的伸长率为至少80%;和
依据AS5127/1a7.7测量的抗张强度为至少2000MPa。
19.使用权利要求1的颗粒的方法,包括在包括含硫聚合物的组合物中分散多个权利要求1的颗粒。
20.使用权利要求1的颗粒的方法,包括使多个权利要求1的颗粒包含在含有该多个颗粒分散于其中的粘合剂的组合物中。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中该组合物是密封剂组合物。
22.权利要求21的方法,其中该粘合剂包括含硫的聚合物。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中该粘合剂包括聚硫醚。
24.一种组合物,其包括:
(a)含硫的聚合物粘合剂;和
(b)分散于该粘合剂中的多个根据权利要求1的轻质颗粒,该轻质颗粒在沉积薄涂层之前具有不大于0.7的比重,
其中组合物的比重小于1.0g/cm3,和
其中组合物在施用到基材上并固化时获得具有如下性能的固化组合物:
(i)在140°F和环境压力下在喷气机对照流体(JRF)型号1中浸渍1周之后体积膨胀百分比不大于40%;
(ii)如AMS3269a中所述那样测量的伸长率为至少80%;和
(iii)依据AS5127/1a7.7测量的抗张强度为至少2000MPa,其中
组合物包含0.1wt%至40wt%的轻质颗粒,其中wt%是基于组合物的总干燥固体重量。
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