CN1040980A - 提高1,2-二氧环乙烷化学发光作用的方法的组合物 - Google Patents
提高1,2-二氧环乙烷化学发光作用的方法的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1040980A CN1040980A CN89106249A CN89106249A CN1040980A CN 1040980 A CN1040980 A CN 1040980A CN 89106249 A CN89106249 A CN 89106249A CN 89106249 A CN89106249 A CN 89106249A CN 1040980 A CN1040980 A CN 1040980A
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Abstract
本文介绍了涉及1,2-二氧环乙烷和荧光化合物的方法和组合物。实际上,将可触发的1,2-二氧环乙烷与表面活性剂及连接在烷烃上的荧光化合物预混合,经酶促触发,得到一胶束态共表面活性剂或经证实与这些分子密切相关的其他分子。该方法和组合物可用于为各种目的采用的免疫测定和DNA探针。
Description
本发明涉及含有荧光化合物和稳定态1,2-二氧环乙烷的组合物,所述1,2-二氧环乙烷可由包括酶在内的化学试剂触发,而产生很强的化学发光作用。更具体地讲,本发明涉及一种大幅度提高化学发光的方法,即在一特定的集合体内通过分子间能量转移形成荧光化合物。所述集合体,例如胶束,它使二氧环乙烷与荧光化合物保持紧密的间隔。
1.发光的机制
放热的化学反应过程中释放能量。实际上在所有情况下,这种能量都是以振动激发或热的形式出现。但有少数化学过程产生光或化学作用,而不产生热。产生光的机制包括高能物质(常常是有机过氧化物,例如,1,2-二氧环乙烷)经热分解或催化分解产生呈三重线或单线电子激发态的反应产物。单线激发态荧光导致所谓的直接化学发光作用。化学发光的量子产额是单线态化学激发和荧光量子产额的产物。通常用效率表示这些定量;即有效(%)=Φ×100,可以利用从三重线态或单线态产物到荧光受体的能量转移来产生间接的化学发光作用。间接化学发光作用的量子产额是单线态或三重线态的化学激发,能量转移及能量受体荧光的量子产额的产物。
2.生物发光中的二氧环乙烷中间体。
1968年,McCapra提出:在包括荧火虫在内的各种生物发光反应中,1,2-二氧环乙烷可能是关键的高能中间体。(F.McCapra,Chem.Commun.,155,(1968))。尽管这类物质显然很不稳定,并且一直没有分离出或被光谱鉴定过,但是通过O18标记实验清楚地证实了它是该反应的中间体。(O.Shimomura and F.H Johnson,Photochem.Photobid.,30,89(1979))。
3.首次合成真正的1,2-二氧环乙烷。
1969年,kopecky和Mumford报导通过β-溴氢过氧化物的碱催化环作用首次合成了二氧环乙烷(3,3,4-三甲基-1,2-二氧环乙烷)。(K.R.Kopecky and C.Mumford,can.J.Chem.,47,709(1969))。正如McCapra预言的那样,该二氧环乙烷在加热至50℃时确实产生化学发光,并分解成丙酮和乙醛。但是该过氧化物比较不稳定,由于迅速分解而不能在室温(25℃)下贮存。另外化学发光效率很低(低于0.1%)。
Bartlett,和Schaap,Mazur和Foote.分别开发了另一更方便的合成1,2-二氧环乙烷的途径。在分子氧及光敏染料的存在下,将适宜取代的链烯光氧化,以很高的收率产生二氧环乙烷。(P.D.Bartlett and A.P.Schaap,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,92,3223(1970)and S.Mazur and C.S.Foote,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,92,3225(1970))。该反应的机制包括光化学产生称之为单线态氧的亚稳定物,后者与链烯经历2+2环加成得到二氧环乙烷。研究表明,采用该反应可以制得各种二氧环乙烷。(A.P.Schaap,P.A.Burns,and K.A.Zaklika,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,99,1270(1977);K.A.Zaklika,P.A.Burns,and A.P.Schaap,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,100,318(1978);K.A.Zaklika,A.L.Thayer,and A.P.Schaap,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,100,4916(1978);K.A.Zaklika,T.Kissel,A.L.Thayer,P.A.Burns and A.P.Schaap,Photochem.Photobiol.,30,35(1979);and A.P.Schaap,A.L.Thayer,and K.Kees,Organic Photochemical Synthesis,Ⅱ,49(1976))。在这一研究过程中,开发了一种光氧化聚合物键合敏化剂(a polymerbound sensitizer)。(A.P.Schaap,A.L.Thayer,E.C.Blossey,and D.C.Neckers,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,97,3741(1975);and A.P.Schaap,A.L.Thayer,K.A.Zaklika,and P.C.Valenti,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,101,4016(1979))。
这种新型敏化剂已获得专利权并以商品名“SENSITORTM”出售。(美国专利4,315,998(2/16/82);加拿大专利1,044,639(12/19/79))。有关这一产品应用的文献已超过50篇。
4.由具有立体位阻的链烯制备稳定的二氧环乙烷
Wynberg发现:具有立体位阻的链烯[如:二金刚烷联烯(adamantylideneadamantane)]经光氧化,得到一种很稳定的二氧环乙烷。(J.H.Wieringa,J.Strating;H,Wynberg,and W.Adam,Tetrahedron Lett.,169(1972))。Turro和Schaap的协作研究表明:该二氧环乙烷的分解活化能为37Kcal/mol;室温(25℃)半衰期超过20年(N.J.Turro,G.Schuster,H.C.Steinmetzer,G.R.Faler,and A.P.Schaap,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,97,7110(1975))。事实上,这是迄今文献报导中最稳定的二氧环乙烷。Adam和Wynberg最近建议:可将官能化的二金刚烷联烯1,2-二氧环乙烷用于生物医学目的(W.Adam,C.Babatsikos,and G.Cilento,Z.Naturforsch.,39b,679(1984);H.Wynberg,E.W.Meijer,and J.C.Hummeten,Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence,M.A.Deluca and W.D.McEtoroy(Eds.)Academic Press,New York,P.687,1981;and J.C.Hummelen,T.M.Luider,and H.Wynberg,Methods in Enzymology,133B,531(1986)),但是,将这一异常稳定的过氧化物用于化学发光的标记所需要的检测温度为150至250℃。显然,这些条件不适宜在水介质中测定生物分析物。McCapra,Adam,和Foote指出:将螺旋稠环或多环烷基与二氧环乙烷结合有助于稳定那些没有庞大立体基团时很不稳定的二氧环乙烷。(F.McCapra,I.Beheshti,A,Burford,R.A.Hann,and K.A.Zaklika,J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Commun.,944(1977);W.Adam,L.A.A.Encarnacion,and K.Zinner,Chem.Ber.,116,839(1983);G.G.Geller,C.S.Foote,and D.B.Pechman.Tetrahedron Lett.,673(1983);P.Lechtken,Chem.Ber.,109,2862(1976);and P.D.Bartett and M.S.Ho,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,96,627(1974))
5.取代基对二氧环乙烷化学发光的影响
在过氧环上连接特殊的取代基可以改变二氧环乙烷的稳定性和化学发光效率。(K.A.Zaklika,T.Kissel,A.L.Thayer,P.A.Burns,and A.P.Schaap,Photochem.Photobiol.,30,35(1979);A.P.Schaap and S.Gagnon,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,104,3504(1982);A.P.Schaap,S.Gagnon,and K.A.Zaklika,Tetrahedron Lett.,2943(1982);and R.S.Handley,A.J.Stern,and A.P.Schaap,Tetrahedron Lett.,3183(1985))。下文示出的具双环系统的结果阐述了各种官能团对二氧环乙烷性质的巨大影响。由2,3-二芳基-1,4-二噁烯衍生的羟基取代二氧环乙烷(X=-OH)在室温(25℃)的分解半衰期为57小时,并在稍高温度下加热时,产生很低水平的发光作用。相反,该二氧环乙烷在-30℃与碱从θ捶3.錾了傅睦脊狻6啊ρa芯勘砻鳎涸冢玻怠妫皑ブ首拥亩趸环乙烷(X=O-)分解比质子形式(X=OH)快5.7×106倍。
由于两种竞争分解机制引起了这两种二氧环乙烷的性质差别。(K.A.Zaklika,T.Kissel,A.L.Thayer,P.A.Burbs,and A.P.Schaap,Photochem.Photobiol.,30,35(1979);A.P.Schaap and S.Gagnon,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,104,3504(1982);A.P.Schaap,S.Gagnon,and K.A.Zaklika,Tetrahedron Lett.,2943(1982);and R.S.Handley,A.J.Stern and A.P.Schaap,Tetrahedron Lett.,3183(1985))。多数二氧环乙烷的裂解方式是O-O键均裂并形成双自由基。另一机制适用于带有像O-取代基的低氧化电位的二氧环乙烷。其引发裂解的方式是电子在分子内由取代基向过氧化物键的反键轨道转移。
6.二氧环乙烷的化学触发
上文介绍了文献中的第一个实例(A.P.Schaap and S.Gagnon,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,104,3504(1982))。但是,羟基取代的二氧环乙烷和由芳基-1,4-二噁烯衍生的任何其他二氧环乙烷由于极不稳定而没有任何用途。它们在25℃时半衰期仅为几小时。无论是该二氧环乙烷还是前体链烯都无法回避制备衍生物。少量的胺(T.Wilson,Int.Rev.Sci.:Chem.,Ser.TWO,9,265(1976))和金属离子[T.Wilson,M.E.Landis,A.L.Baumstark,and P.D.Bartlett,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,95,4765(1973);P.D.Bartlett,A.L.Baumstark,and M.E.Landis,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,96,5557(1974)]即可破坏这些未经稳定的二氧环乙烷,并且不能将它们用于酶触发所需的水性缓冲液。
7.在均相溶液中涉及二氧环乙烷的能量转移型化学发光。
Wilson和Schaap介绍了涉及二氧环乙烷的能量转移型化学发光的第一个实例(T.Wilson and A.P.Schaap,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,93,4126(1971))。热分解很不稳定的二氧环乙烷(顺式二乙氧基二氧环乙烷)得到单线和三重线激发态的甲酸乙酯。9,10-二苯蒽和9,10-二溴蒽的加成反应分别通过单线态一单线态和三重线态一单线态的能量转移提高了化学发光作用。因此,许多其他学者采用这些技术确定各种二氧环乙烷经热分解而产生的化学激发态产物的收率(例如,参见:W.Adam,In Chemical and Biological Generation of Exicited States,W.Adam and G.Cilento,Eds.Ch.4,Academic Press,New York,1892)。然而由于电子激发态物质的存在期短,所以在均相溶液中转移能量需要高浓度的能量受体。而高浓度就带来了自身终止和重吸收的问题。本发明采用下述方法解决了这一问题,即采用1,2-二氧环乙烷和荧光能量受体(最好将两者以胶束态结合)提供有效的能量转移,而在本体溶液中无须高浓度的荧光物。
8.采用胶束分子间能量提高二氧环乙烷化学发光作用。
水溶液中的胶束可以加速各种化学反应的速率(参见:例如,E.H.Cordes和R.B.Dunlap,Acc.Chem.Res.,2,329(1969))。催化作用起因于胶束假相中底物的溶解作用以及静电,疏水或极性因素。有人已将水性胶束用于增加化学触发二氧环乙烷的速率(A.P.Schaap,Final Technical Report to the Office of Naval Research,1987,P.16)。采用诸如共表面活性剂的荧光化合物提高化学发光效率的实验未见报道。
有数篇报道介绍了由胶束环境内的化学反应提高化学发光作用。但没有一篇利用向荧光共表面活性剂的能量转移。有关胶束中稳定的二氧环乙烷尚无人研究。Goto已研究了在中性,阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂存在下的荧光素的化学氧化反应[T.Goto and H.Fukatsu,Tetrahedron Lett.,4299(1969)]。提高化学发光作用的原因在于:与水溶液相比,在胶束中反应产物的荧光效率增加。有人报道了十六烷基三甲基胺溴化物对于9,10-二氢吖啶酯类在碱性水溶液中化学发光反应的影响(F.McCapra,Acc.Chem.Res.,9,201(1976))。但是,McCapra指出:胶束环境并不“有助于激发反应”。相反,有人认为胶束是通过降低竞争速率,不发光的水解反应来提高发光率。同样,Nikovauras和Gundermann分别研究了胶束对光泽精和鲁米诺衍生物的化学发光反应的影响(C.M.Paleos,G.Vassilopoulos,and J.Nikokavouras,Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence,Academic Press,New York,1981,P.729;K.D.Gundermann,Ibid.,P.17)。Shinkai观察到:相对于水而言,在胶束中可以提高不稳定的,非同位素标记的二氧环乙烷的化学发光率(S.Shinkai,Y.Ishikawa,O.Manabe,and T.Kunitake,Chem.Lett.,1523(1981))。这些作者推论:在胶束的疏水中心的激发态产额高于在水中的产额。
仅有一篇文献谈到了用表面活性剂提高酶促产生的化学发光作用,该文献即为Kricka和Deluca关于荧火虫虫荧光素酶系统的著作(L.J.Kricka和M.Deluca,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,217,674,(1983))。非离子去污剂和聚合物通过增加酶的周转来提高总体发光率。阳离子表面活性剂(如十六烷基三甲基胺溴化物,CTAB)实际上导至虫荧光酶催化活性的竞争抑制。
一种用于提高鲁米诺/过氧化酶反应的化学发光率的方法是加入6-羟基苯并噻唑衍生物或对取代的苯酚(G.H.G.Thorpe,L.J.Kricka,S.B.Moseley,T.P.Whitehead,Clin.Chem.,31,1335(1985);G.H.G.Thorpe and L.J.Kricka,Methods in Enzymology,133,331(1986);and L.J.Kricka,G.H.G.Thorpe,and R.A.W.Stott,Pure & Appl.Chem.,59,651(1987))。该作用机制还不清楚,但它确实不包括分子内或分子间能量转移至共胶束荧光表面活性剂。
已将共胶束荧光探针用于研究胶束的动力学性质。(Y.Kubota,M.Kodama,and M.Miura,Bull.Chem.Soc..Jpn.,46,100(1973);N.E.Schore and N.J.Turro,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,96,306(1974);and G.W.Pohl,Z.Naturforsch.,31C,575(1976))。但在文献中还未见采用这些荧光材料通过能量转移程序提高胶束中化学发光反应的实例。
9.化学发光的免疫测定
在提交申请(序列号887,139)之前,未见将二氧环乙烷用作酶底物或将它们用于酶联测定的报道。Wynberg采用稳定的二氧环乙烷作为“热化学发光”标记物,用于免疫测定(J.C.Hummelen T.M.Luider,and H.Wynberg,Methods in Enzymology,133B,531(1986))。这些二氧环乙烷用来标记蛋白质之类的生物物质。将该样品加热到100至250℃,并检测由热引起的化学荧光,由此测定生物物质。这一技术不同于采用三重线态二氧环乙烷作为酶底物的技术。
已将鲁米诺衍生物,吖啶鎓酯类和光泽精作为化学发光标记物用于抗原,抗体和半抗原。(H.R.Schroeder and F.M.Yeager,Anal.Chem.,50,1114(1978);H.Arakawa,M.Maeda,and A.Tsuju,Anal.Biochem.,79,248(1979);and H.Arakawa,M.Maeda,and A.Tsuji,Clin.Chem.,31,430(1985).For reviews,see:L.J.Kricka and T.J.N.Carter,In Clinncal and Biochemical Luminescence,L.J.Kricka and T.J.N.Carter(Eds.),Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1982,Ch.8;L.J.Kricka,Ligand-Binder Assays,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1985,Ch.7;F.McCapra and I.Beheshti,In Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence:Instruments and Applications,Vol.I,K.Van Dyke(Ed.),CRC Press,Inc.,Boca Raton,FL,1985,Ch.2,Note,in Particular,the section on dioxetanes,P.13;and G.J.R.Barnard.J.B.Kim,J.L.Williams,and W.P.Collins,Ibid,Ch.7)。涉及用酶标记抗原,抗体及半抗原的测定系统称之为酶免疫测定。通过颜色或荧光显现技术检测上述酶标记物。最近,用鲁米诺/过氧化氢,焦棓酚/过氧化氢,Pholas dactylus荧光素,或鲁米诺在碱性条件下测定过样化酶结合物,从而奠定了发光酶免疫测定法的基础。(L.J.Kricka and T.J.N.Carter,In Clinical and Biochemical Luminescence,L.J.Kricka and T.J.N.Carter(Eds.),Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1982,Ch.8)。在本人申请(序列号为887,139)之前,没有任何酶联测定法介绍将二氧环乙烷用作酶催化底物,进而产生供检测的光。
10.发光反应的摄影检测。
已将瞬摄影胶片和X-线胶片用于记录由数种化学发光作用和生物发光反应产生的光发射。(L.J.Kricka and G.H.G.Thorpe,Methods in Enzymology,133,404(1986)and references therein.see also:M.M.L.Leong,C.Milstein,and R.Pannel,J.Histochem.Cytochem.,34,1645(1986);R.A.Bruce,G.H.G.Thorpe,J.E.C.Gibbons,P.R.Killeen,G.Ogden,L.J.kricka,and T.P.Whitehead,Analyst,110,657(1985);J.A.Matthews,A.Batki,C.Hynds,and L.J.Kricka,Anal.Biochem.,151,205(1985);and G.H.G.Thorpe,T.P.Whitehead,R.Penn,and L.J.Kricka,Clin.Chem.,30,806(1984)在本人的申请(序列号为887,139)之前,文献中没有出现由化学或酶触发稳定的二氧环乙烷引起的化学发光作用的摄影检测实例。
因此,本发明的目的之一是提供一种方法和组合物,用于提高可触发的1,2-二氧环乙烷的化学发光作用。本发明的目的二是提供可用于免疫测定,并可以和酶联DNA探针一起使用的方法和组合物。参照下列说明书和附图,本发明的上述目的和其他目的则更加显而易见。
图1示出磷酸酯取代的二氧环乙烷2C在二甲苯中热分解的Arrhenius图。
图2示出二氧环乙烷2b的碱触发反应的化学荧光量子产额与十六烷基三甲基铵溴化物(CTAB)浓度的函数关系图。图2a表示二氧环乙烷与荧光共表面活性剂和CTAB表面活性剂形成的理想化结构。
图3表示:在2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(221)缓冲液(PH 10∶3)中,于37℃,在100ml含碱性磷酸酶的人体血清中,浓度为10-5M的二氧环乙烷2c的化学发光强度与时间的关系图。
图4示出了二氧环乙烷2c log(平稳期光强度)与log(血清毫升数,1-100)的关系图。
图5示出了二氧环乙烷2c的log(50秒光强度)与log(血清毫升数,1-100)的关系图。
图6示出了化学荧光光谱:(曲线A),不加CTAB和发光共表面活性剂3时,在221缓冲液中触发二氧环乙烷2c产生的化学荧光;(曲线B)加入CTAB和3后,二氧环乙烷经酶触发而产生的能量转移化学荧光。
图7示出了在3ml 221缓冲液中,在CTAB荧光剂和2.7×10-15摩尔碱性磷酸酶存在下(实验D),二氧环乙烷2C光强度与时间的关系图。无酶的试剂空白的光强度等于时间为0时的光强度。
图8示出了在0至3分钟内,log(光强度积分值)与log(碱性磷酸酶摩尔数)的关系图。
图9示出了在加有CTAB/荧光剂和2.3×10-17摩尔碱性磷酸酶的200ml 221缓冲液中,二氧环乙烷c的光强度与时间的关系图。
图10示出了在0至30分钟内,log(光强度积分值)与log(碱性磷酸酶摩尔数)的关系图。
图11是采用ASA3000 Pdaroid Type57胶片对由二氧环乙烷2c引起的化学发光进行摄影检测的结果。将含有碱性磷酸酶,二氧环乙烷,Mg(OAC)2,CTAB,荧光素表面活性剂3的221缓冲液(100ml)在Dynatech ImmulonTM井中,于37℃保温1小时,然后在该温度摄影15分钟。碱性磷酸酶的量为:A,2700渺摩尔;B,250渺摩尔;C,23渺摩尔;D,无酶(不可见)试剂对照。
图12是采用ASA3000 Pdaroid Type57胶片对由二氧环乙烷2c引起的化学发光进行摄影检测的结果。将含有碱性磷酸酶,二氧环乙烷,Mg(OAC)2,CTAB,荧光素表面活性剂3的221缓冲液(100ml)在Dynatech ImmulonTM井中,于37℃保温1小时,然后在该温度摄影30分钟。碱性磷酸酶的量为:A,250渺摩尔;B,23渺摩尔;C,2渺摩尔;和D,无酶(不可见)试剂对照。
图13示出了再100ml含有CTAB/荧光剂,1.3ng S-抗原和碱性磷酸酶结合物抗体的221缓冲液中,二氧环乙烷2c的光强度与时间的关系图。无酶试剂空白的光强度等于时间为0的光强度。
图14示出了在0至15分钟内,log(光强度积分值)与log(涂敷在微井上的S-抗原ng数)的关系图。
图15是在221缓冲液(100ml)中,用二氧环乙烷2c,Mg(OAC)2,CTAB,荧光素表面活性剂3对S-抗原进行化学荧光测定。继发光计实验后,将7支ImmulonTM井在37℃保温30分钟,然后用ASA 3000 Poleroid Type 57胶片在同一温度进行15分钟摄影。从较低的左侧向较高的右侧S-抗原的量依次为:112,56,28,14,7,3.5和1.3ng,在最右侧的最后一支井只含有试剂(不可见)。
图16是对S-抗原的化学发光测定。用50ng S-抗原涂敷四支井,与MABA9-C6单克隆抗原体反应,与抗鼠IgG-碱性磷酸酶结合物反应,然后在221缓冲液(100ml)中用二氧环乙烷2C,Mg(OAC)2,CTAB,和荧光素表面活性剂3进行测定。将该井在45℃保温1小时,然后,在同一温度用ASA3000 Polardid Type 57胶片进行30秒的摄影。中心的对照井(不可见)只含有置于CATB/荧光素缓冲液中的二氧环乙烷。
本发明涉及一种发光方法,该方法包括提供一种荧光化合物和与之以紧密间隔相联系的下式所示稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物:
式中Arox是由X-氧基取代的芳基,当通过致活剂触发该化合物,除去X时,它形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,该不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物随后分解,并释放出电能,形成光和两个下式所示的羰基化合物:
式中X是化学易变基团,在活性试剂的作用下可以将它除去,进而行成不稳定的中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷;其中A是钝性有机基团,它允许产生光并允许用致活剂分解稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷,在分解过程中,荧光化合物接受由不稳定氧化物中间体分解时而产生的电能,并产生光,它的强度比单独触发二氧环乙烷时产生的光的强度大。
实际上,本发明涉及一种发光方法,该方法包括提供一种荧光化合物和与之紧密相邻的下式所示稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷:
式种R1和R2一起,以及R3和R4一起连接成以螺旋稠合亚烷基,后者可以含有杂原子(N,S,O或P),和芳环,在R1和R2中或R3和R4中至少有一个是芳基,上述芳基环由X-氧基取代,当该取代基由选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂,电子授体等的致活剂触发,除去X时,便形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷,这样,不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,释放出电能,形成光和两个下式所示的含羰基化合物:
式中,未经X-氧基团取代的R1,R2,R3或R4是含碳原子或杂原子的有机基团所述有机基团可为稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物提供稳定性;式中X是化学易变基团,在致活剂作用下它被除去,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体;在致活剂的作用下使稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,在分解过程中荧光化合物接受由不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
本发明换涉及触发时能产生光的组合物,该组合物包括荧光化合物和下式所示的稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷:
式中Arox代表由X-氧基团取代的芳基,在致活剂的作用下,触发该化合物除去X,而形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,然后,后者分解,释放出电能,形成光和下式所示的两个含羟基化合物:
式中X是化学易变基团,在致活剂的作用下可将该基团除去,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷;式中A是允许产生光的钝性有机基团;在该组合物中,在致活剂作用下,稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,荧光化合物接受由不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
该组合物所采用的优选二氧环乙烷与所述方法相同。
本发明还涉及发光的方法,该方法包括提供一种荧光化合物和与之紧密相邻的下式所示稳定的二氧环乙烷化合物。
式中R1选自烷基,烷氧基,芳氧基,二烷基,或芳氨基,三烷基或芳基甲硅烷氧基和包括与R2螺旋稠合芳基在内的芳基,其中R2是芳基(可包括R1)并且该R2还可以由X-氧基团取代,后者在致活剂的作用下除去X,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物。所述致活剂选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂,电子授体;结果不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解,释放出电能,形成光和下式所示两个含羰基的化合物;
式中X是化学易变基团,经致活剂作用除去X形成不稳定的氧化物中间体;式中R3和R4选自芳基,杂烷基和烷基,R3和R4可以以螺旋稠合多聚环烷基和多聚环芳基的形式连在一起;在致活剂的作用下,稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,其中荧光化合物接受由不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
与激发态二氧环乙烷产物相比,任何在其单线激发态具有较低能量的荧光化合物均可用于提高化学发光效率。最好将长链烷烃(最好是8至20个碳原子)连接到荧光剂上,这样它可起到共表面活性剂的作用,使该物质能结合入所设计的系统中去。荧光剂的实例包括:任何荧光染料;芳香化合物(包括萘类,蒽类,芘类,联苯类);吖啶类;香豆素类;呫吨类;酞菁类;芪类;呋喃类;噁唑类;噁二唑类;和苯并咪唑类。最好采用能与所述荧光化合物形成胶束的表面活性剂,这样可以使1,2-二氧环乙烷贴近荧光化合物。文献(Chapter 1,page 1至8,“Catalysis·in Micellar and Macromolecutar Systems”published by Academic Press,(1975)。)介绍了可能的表面活性剂:两性离子类;阳离子类(铵盐,吡啶鎓盐,硫鎓盐);阴离子(硫酸盐,磺酸盐,羧酸盐);中性(聚氧乙烯衍生物,环糊精,长链酯,长链酰胺);和天然表面活性剂(类脂)。
特别是本发明涉及使用稳定的下式所示1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物的方法组合物:
式中,R1选自含1至8个碳原子的低级烷基,R2选自芳基,二芳基,多环芳香基稠合环(R2可以是取代或未取代的),R3C-选自含有6至30个碳原子的多环烷基,式中OX是一取代在芳环上的氧基,该基团由致活剂激发,除去X,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2二氧环乙烷化合物,所述致活剂选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂,电子授体源;X是化学易变基团,在致活剂的作用下可将X除,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体,其中(Ⅰ)化合物在致活剂存在下分解,产生光和含羰基的下式两个化合物:
本发明还涉及使用式(Ⅱ)所示稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物的方法和组合物,式(Ⅱ)为:
式中Arox是螺旋稠合的芳基,该基团含有一个环取代的X-氧基团,其中,在致活剂作用下触发Arox除去X形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,所述致活剂选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂,电子授体;X是化学易变基团,在致活剂的作用下可将X除,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷,这样不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解,形成光和两个下式所示的含羰基衍生物:
R3C=O和-OArc=O
其中,R3C-选自含有6至30个碳原子的多环烷基。在该结构中,R1和R2是连在一起的。
就下式所示结构而言:
(1)当R1不与R2结合时,该基团最好是烷基,烷氧基,二烷基或芳氨基,三烷基或芳基甲硅氧基。所述烷基最好含有1至8个碳原子。R1也可以是含有6至14个碳原子的脂肪环或芳香基,其中包括稠合芳环化合物。当R1与R2结合时,它们提供了含有6至30个碳原子的芳基。
(2)R2是由X-氧(OX)基团取代的芳基,该芳基可以是苯基,联苯基,稠合苯基或其他芳基;R2可以含有6至30个碳原子,并且也可以包括其他取代基。X是在致活剂作用下可以被除去的任何易变基团,例如,-OX基团可以选自羟基,烷基或芳基羧基酯,无机含氧酸盐,特别是磷酸盐和硫酸盐,烷基或芳基甲硅氧基和氧吡喃糖苷基团。
(3)R3和R4可以与R1相同。在下列实施例中,R3和R4结合在一起形成多环亚烷基(为了便于合成和比较尤为如此);但是可以使用任何有机基团。该多环亚烷基最好含有6至30个碳原子。
即使稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物可被致活剂触发,但它们在室温(20-35℃)下具有相当长的半衰期。所有的先有技术化合物要么在室温下不稳定,要么其热分解温度高达50℃或更高,因此,对大多数应用目的而言,它们是不适用的。
所述致活剂可以是化学致活剂或酶致活剂。在某些情况下,需要(F-)1当量,而在其他情况(酶促)下,仅需要极少量即可。在有关该题目的任何标准化学论著中都介绍了这类致活剂,其中包括酸,碱,盐,酶和其他无机及有机催化剂。所采用的试剂取决于被致活的稳定1,2-二氧环乙烷所处的条件及1,2-二氧环乙烷上X基团的易变程度。可采用电子授体除去X,这些电子授体包括还原剂及其他电子源。
1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,形成两个含羰基的化合物和光。不稳定1,2-二氧环乙烷中间体的结构式为:
一般,通过氧加成于适宜的链烯形成-Arox取代的1,2-二氧环乙烷。通过烷基和/或芳基取代的下式所示含羰基化合物合成这些链烯化合物:
在极性有机溶剂(尤其是四氢呋喃)中,在氢化铝锂或其他金属氢化物存在下,上述物质与过渡态卤代金属盐(尤其是氯化钛)和叔胺碱反应。该反应一般在回流的四氢呋喃中进行,一般在约4至24小时内完成该反应。
稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷的制备及化学触发
已发现:通过化学和酶促方法可以触发热稳定的二氧环乙烷,进而产生所要求的化学发光作用(A.P.Schaap,专利申请序号.887,139 7月17日提交,A.P.Schaap,R.S.Handley,and B.P.Giri,Tetrahedron Lett.,935(1987);A.P.Schaap,T.S.Chen,R.S.Handley,R.DeSilva,and B.P.Giri.Tetrahedron Lett.,1155(1987);and A.P.Schaap,M.D.Sandison,and R.S.Handley,Tetrahedron Lett.,1159(1987))。为此,推出了具有下述几个关键特征的用于生产二氧环乙烷的新合成方法:(1)利用螺旋稠合金刚烷基的稳定效应制得了在环境温度下“存放寿命”达数年的二氧环乙烷;(2)将某一残基掺入该结构,使该羰基裂解产物具有直接化学发光作用;(3)得到了触发稳定的二氧环乙烷分解导致其化学发光的新方法。
在THF中,采用三氯化钛/LAH,使2-金刚烷酮与芳香酯或酮反应,制得了所需要的链烯(A.P.Schaap,1986年7月17日提交的专利申请书,序号为:887,139)。该申请是采用McMurry法,由酮和酯进行分子间缩合形成乙烯基酯的首篇报道。尽管McMurry早就研究过酮和酯官能团的分子反应,但他仅用该方法制得了环酮,而未制得乙烯酯(J.E.McMurry and D.D.Miller,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,105,1660(1983))。
使这些乙烯酯光氧化,得到易于操作的二氧环乙烷,这些化合物具有理想的热稳定性。例如,下文所示的二氧环乙烷的活化能为28.4Kcal/mol,25℃半衰期是3.8年。该二氧环乙烷存于邻二甲苯中的样品在实验台上放置了几个月,但仍未检测到其分解。
在室温下,通过用氟离子除去甲硅烷保护基,可以方便地触发该二氧环乙烷化学发光分解。产生不稳定的芳基氧化物,后者裂解产生很强的兰光。芳基氧化物取代的二氧环乙烷的半衰期在25℃时是5秒钟。在DMSO中,其化学发光光谱在470nm处呈现最大吸收,该最大吸收值相同于在这些条件下,酯(3-羟基本甲酸甲酯)裂解产物阴离子荧光及废弃二氧环乙烷溶剂荧光的最大吸收值。显然没有来自金刚烷酮荧光的化学发光作用。相对于鲁米诺标准测定的该氟触发分解的化学发光量子定额为0.25(或化学发光效率为25%)。在这些条件下,(φF=0.44),校正酯的荧光量子定额,得到形成单线激发态酯的效率为57%,这是迄今报导的在实验室制得的二氧环乙烷的最高单线态化学激发效率。
酶促触发1,2-二氧环乙烷。
生物测定(例如,涉及酶的免疫测定及核酸探针)广泛地利用各种底物,这些底物通过与酶反应,要么生色,要么产生荧光。序列号为887,139的申请书介绍了第一个可以起到化学发光酶底物作用的二氧环乙烷(A.P.Schaap,1986年7月17日提交;A.P.Schaap,R.S.Handley,and B.P.Giri,Tetrahedron Lett.,935(1987);A.P.Schaap,T.S.Chen,R.S.Handley,R.Desilva,and B.P.Giri,Tetrahedron Lett.,1155(1987);Tetrahedron Lett.,1159(1987))。在生物系统中采用这些过氧化物要求二氧环乙烷在酶促反应温度下表现为热稳定,并且在含水缓冲液中不会很快出现自发分解反应。在前一短落中介绍的螺旋稠合金刚烷基二氧环乙烷满足了这些要球。已制备了带有官能团的1,2-二氧环乙烷,该化合物经酶促修饰可形成芳基氧化物。这一不稳定中间体分解可产生荧光。已合成的1,2-二氧环乙烷可被各种酶触发,其中包括芳基酯酶,乙酰胆碱酯酶,碱性磷酸酶。鉴于磷酸酶十分广泛地用于酶联免疫测定和核酸探针,因此该酶具有十分重要的意义。
例如,采用由3-羟基-9H-呫吨-9-酮和2-金刚烷酮制得的磷酸取代1,2-二氧环乙烷,可以观察到碱性磷酸酶引起的酶促触发作用。该二氧环乙烷是热稳定的,活化能为30.7Kcal/mol,25℃时半衰期为12年。该二氧环乙烷不仅在有机溶剂中稳定,而在水性缓冲液中也仅呈现很慢的自发分解作用。
采用取自牛肠粘膜的碱性磷酸酶[每毫升3.2M硫酸铵溶液含5.3mg蛋白(1100单位/mg蛋白)的混悬液]和在0.75M2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇缓冲液中的磷酸酯保护的二氧环乙烷,PH10.3进行触发实验。将50ul等份(0.013umol)的磷酸酯-二氧环乙烷原液加到3ml 37℃的缓冲液中,由此得到最终浓度为4.2×10-6M的二氧环乙烷溶液。将1ul(最终蛋白浓度=1.8ug/ml)碱性磷酸酶注入上述溶液,即可导致突然发光,该发光作用经历3分钟后衰退。在这一期间,来自缓冲液中二氧环乙烷缓慢的无酶促水解的对照荧光仅为酶促方法所产生荧光的0.2%。总体光发射与二氧环乙烷浓度呈线性关系。发射衰退率是酶浓度的函数,而由于酶的反转,总体光发射与酶浓度无关。在缓冲液中,于室温下,得到了磷酸酶催化分解的化学发光光谱。将这一化学发光光谱与在缓冲液中废弃反应混合物的荧光光谱及羟基呫吨酮裂解产物的荧光光谱作一比较表明:由于酶促二氧环乙烷中磷酸酯基裂解,进而产生不稳定的二氧环乙烷芳基氧化物,后者产生羟基呫吨酮的单线激发态阴离子,由此引起光发射。
1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物和荧光表面活性剂的合成
(a)X=H
(b)X=Ac
(c)X=PO3Na2
仪器
除另有说明外,核磁共振(NMR)光谱由Nicolt NT300TM型或General Electric QE300TM型光谱仪测得,以CDCl3作溶剂,用四甲基硅甲烷作内标物。红外线(IR)光谱由NicoletTM或Beckman Acculab8TM光谱仪测得。质谱由KratosTM或AEI MS-90TM仪测得。由Varian Cary 219TM分光光度计测得紫外光谱和可见光吸收光谱。由Spex FluorologTM荧光分光光度计记录荧光光谱。采用Spex荧光计测得化学发光光谱。由本实验室制做的照度计测得化学发光作用的动力学及量子产额数据。将采用RCA A-31034A砷化象光电倍增管(冷至-78℃)的仪器和Ortec光子计数电子仪联接于Apple Ⅱ.TM和MacintoshTM计算机。使用Midwest Microlabs,Indianapolis进行元素分析。用Thomas HooverTM毛细管熔点测定仪(未经校正)测定熔点。用Cahn 4700/TM型电子天枰精确称重。
材料.
所用的邻二甲苯来自Burdick and Jackson实验室,并符合动力学测定及光谱测定的使用要求。经过用氢化钙进行真空蒸溜,得到无水DMF和DMSO。由Aldrich化学公司购得重水,1,4-二噁烷-d8,氯仿-d,荧光素胺(异构体1)和其他化学试剂。由Sigma化学公司购得碱性磷酸酶样品。从各种市场渠道购得氧化硅,氧化铝和其他固体载体,并且不用进一步纯化直接使用。
链烯类的合成。
[3-羟基苯基)甲氧基甲叉基]金刚烷(1a)
给500ml的烧瓶装上回流冷凝器,125ml的加料漏斗和通氮管。采用热空气枪和吹氮法使该装置干燥。加入40ml无水THF,并在冰浴中冷却该烧瓶。迅速地加入TiCl3(1.5g,10mmol),然后在搅拌下分次加入LAH(0.19g,5mmol)。除去冷却浴,使该黑色混合物温热至室温。将三乙胺(0.7ml,5mmol)加到该搅拌混悬液中,并回流15分钟,此后,在15分钟内向该回流混合物滴加3-羟基苯甲酸甲酯(152mg,1mmol)和2-金刚烷酮(300mg,2mmol)的20ml无水THF溶液。在反应混合物冷却至室温后再继续回流15分钟,并用100ml蒸溜水稀释。用3×50ml份的乙酸乙酯提取上述水溶液。合并有机层,用水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,浓缩,经硅胶层析,用15%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,得到240mg(87%)1a,为白色固体,m.p.133-4℃。1H NMR(CDCL3)δ 1.64-1.96(M,12H),2.65(S,1H),3.24(S,1H),3.32(S,3H),5.25(S,1H,OH用D2O交换),6.70-7.30(M,4H),13C NMR(CDCL3)δ 28.45,30.36,32.36,37.30,39.18,39.33,57.82,114.60,116.16,122.19,129.24,137.24,155.62;MS m/e(rel intensity)271(20,M+1),270(100,M),253(7.3),213(35.1),121(41.7),93(9.4);精确分子量:计算值270.1619,测定值270.1616。
[(3-乙酰氧基苯基)甲氧基甲叉基]金钢烷(1b)
在通氮下,将羟基链烯la(0.75g,2.8mmol)溶于10ml CH2Cl2和吡啶(5.2g,65.8mmol)。将该溶液在水中冷却,然后用注射器滴加乙酰氯(2.6g,33mmol)的1ml CH2Cl2溶液。经硅胶TLC(用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷作展开剂)表明la完全被乙酰化。除去溶剂后,用30ml醚洗涤固体残留物。用水(3X25ml)洗涤醚液,用MgSO4干燥,并蒸发至干。所得产物经硅胶层析,用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,得到0.45g油状的1b 1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 1.79-1.96(m,12H),2.27(s,3H),2.66(s,1H),3.26(s,1H),3.29(s,3H),6.99-7.36(m,4H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ 20.90,28.13,30.07,31.99,36.99,38.99,39.01,57.59,120.34,122.14,126.55,128.66,132.19,136.90,142.59,150.42,169.04;MS m/e(rel intensity)312(100,M),270(25),255(19.3),213(20.7),163(12.2),121(30.7),43(30),IR(neat)3006,2925,2856,1725,1600,1438,1362,1218,1100cm-1;元素分析按C29H24O3计算值:C,76.92;H,7.69,测定值:C,76.96;H,7.85。
[(3-磷酸苯基)甲氧基甲叉基]金刚烷二钠盐(1C)。
将羟基烯1a(500mg,1.58mmol)溶解在5ml无水吡啶(用碱性氧化铝干燥)中。将该溶液慢慢加到由三氯氧磷(1ml,10.7mmol)和5ml吡啶组成的冷却混合物,其加料速度应将反应温度维持在5℃下。三十分钟后,终止反应,并将二氯磷酰化产物倒在由20g冰和1ml 10N氢氧化钠组成的混合物上,将该混合物移至分液漏斗中,用5X30ml CH2Cl2进行洗涤。在冰箱内过夜冷却后,从水溶液中沉淀出产物。先用3X10ml冷水洗涤固体产物,然后将该白色固体在减压下干燥,得到400mg(1.02mmol 64%)磷酰化烯1s:1H NMR(D2O/P-二噁烷-d8)δ:1.67-1.83(m,12H),2.50(s,1H),3.04(s,1H),3.19(s,3H),6.7-7.2(m,4H);13C NMR(D2)δ 28.29,30.44,32.45,36.99,38.89,57.98,120.16,120.85,123.74,128.89,133.15,136.11,142.68,154.45;31p NMR(D2O/P-二噁烷-d8)δ 1.586。
荧光素表面活性剂的合成:
5-(N-十四烷酰基氨基)荧光素(3)
于室温,搅拌下,将肉豆蔻酰氯(2.18g,8.83mmol)的THF溶液滴加到荧光素胺-异构体1(Aldrich化学公司出口)(3.07g,8.85mmol)的无水吡啶(经碱性氧化铝干燥)溶液中,滴加时间是12小时。硅胶薄板层析(20%MeOH/苯作展开剂)表明转化为极性较低的产物。将该反应物倒入冰水中,过滤分离固体沉淀,得到4g橙色固体,经柱层析(用10%MeOH/苯洗脱)得到500mg纯净的产物,为橙色固体;mp.185-190℃,1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 0.88(t,3H),1.27(m,20H),1.74(m,2H),2.42(t,2H),6.54-8.32(m,9H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ 13.05,22.27,25.34,28.90,29.01,29.17,29.31,31.61,36.65,101.00,110.25,112.43,114.93,124.41,126.58,127.86,128.77,140.41,147.00,152.89,160.28,169.96,173.65;MS(FAB)m/e(rel intensity)558(10,M+1),402(14.7),388(14.2),374(12.5),348(28.1),302(35,2),213(36.4),165(36.4),133(50)。
3的性质与Melecular Probes,Inc.出品的市售产品所介绍的性质相符。
1-十六烷酰基-6-羟基-2-苯并噻唑酰氨(4)的合成。
将6-羟基-2-苯并噻唑羧酸甲酯(60mg,0.30mmol)[见:F.McCapra and Z.Razani,Chem.Commun.,153(1976)]和1-十六烷胺(430mg,1.8mmol)溶于甲醇中。将该溶液回流两天后,薄层层析(用40%乙酸乙酯/己烷作展开剂)显示苯并噻唑羧酸酯转化为较小极性的物质。蒸除甲醇,残留物经层析(2%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱)纯化,以除去过量的1-十六烷胺。然后再进行层析,用50%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱,得到白色固体状的4:33mg(27%);mp.82-4℃;
1H NMR(丙酮-d6)δ 0.83(t,3H),1.32(br.26H),1.66(m,2H),3.43(t,2H),7.10-7.88(m,3H),8.15(br,1H,OH用D2O交换;13C NMR(苯-d6)δ 14.29,23.05,27.08,29.58,29.66,29.75,29.86,30.13,32.28,39.98,(丙酮-d6)δ 107.51,117.69,125.61,139.33,147.80,157.63,160.48,162.12,MS(m/e(rel.intensity)418(M+,33.7),360(14.1),240(61.1),178(77.3),151(39.1),97(28.6),83(34.7);Exact mass:calcd.418.2653,found 418.2659 for C24H38N2O2S。
1,2-二氧环乙烷的制备,
光氧化方法.
一般将5-10mg链烯样品溶解在置于光氧化管中的5ml二氯甲烷中。加入约40mg聚苯乙烯键合的Rose Bengal(sensitox I)[此类敏化剂参见:A.P.Schaap,A.L.Thayer,E.C.Blossey and D.C.Neckers,J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,97,3741(1975)],并与氧气喷嘴连接。缓慢地向该溶液中通入5分钟氧气,并将该装置浸渍在含干冰/2-丙醇的半镀银Dewar烧瓶中。在连续通入氧气泡的同时,用250瓦或1000瓦钠灯(General Electric Lucalox)及紫外滤光片照射该样品。用TLC监测反应进程。一般可检测到高度稳定二氧环乙烷的点,其Rf值低于链烯。在室温下过滤金钢烷取代的二氧环乙烷,用旋转蒸发器蒸发,并用适宜的溶剂重结晶。
4-(3-羟基苯基)-4-甲氧基螺[1,2-二氧环乙烷-3,2′-金钢烷](2a)
在Sensitox I存在下,于-78℃,在8ml二氧甲烷中,用1000瓦的钠灯照射羟基链烯1a(100mg)。链烯和二氧环乙烷在TLC(用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷作展开剂)中呈现相同的Rf值。因此,在出现痕量的裂解产物时即停止反应。过滤除去光敏剂,并将溶剂蒸发。采用1H NMR控测已被氧化的所有起始原料。用戊烷/苯将二氧环乙烷2a重结晶,得到一白色固体:MP 135C:1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 1.04-2.10(m,12H),2.21(s,1H),3.04(s,1H),3.24(s,3H);6.48(s,1H,OH用D2O交换),6.93-7.30(m,4H).13C NMR(CDCl3)δ 25.81,25.95,31.47,31.57,32.27,32.86,33.07,34.58,36.30,29.83,95.88,112.08,116.46,129.34,136.11,156.21.
4-(3-乙酰氧基苯基)-4-甲氧基螺[1,2-二氧环乙烷-3,2′-金钢烷](2b)
采用1000瓦的高压钠灯和400mg Sensitox I,在30ml CH2Cl2中,于-78C,使链烯1b(140mg,0.45mmol)光氧化。在硅胶上进行TLC分析(用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷作展开剂)表明:在2.5小时内,转化为极性更强的物质。过滤,并除去溶剂,得到油状的2b:
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ 0.90-1.90(m,12H),2.15(s,1H),2.31(s,3H),3.30(s,1H);3.32(s,3H),6.61-7.45(m,4H),13C NMR(CDCl2)δ 21.00,25.82,25.97,31.50,31.65,32.21,32.80,33.09,34.71,36.32,49.92,95.34,111.50,122.58,129.16,136.42,150.72,169.11。
4-甲氧基-4-(3-磷酸酰苯基)螺[1,2-二氧环乙烷-3,2′-金钢烷],二钠盐(2c)
采用1000瓦的高压钠灯和Sensitox I,在2ml D2O/P-二噁烷-d8(1∶1 V/V)中,于10C,将链烯1c(50mg)光氧化。1H′NMR分析表明:在45分钟内明显地转化为二氧环乙烷2c。滤除光敏剂,将滤液作为原液用于化学发光试验。1H NMR(D2O/P-二噁烷-d8δ 0.91-1.70(m,12H),2.08(s,1H),2.80(s,1H),3.07(s,3H),7.00-7.26(m,4H);13C NMR(D2O/P-二恶烷-d8)δ 28.95,30.95,32.98,37.65,39.53,58.31,120.62,121.64,123.55,129.31,132.45,136.57,143.98,155.30.
化学发光动力学方法。
由通气溶液的化学发光作用的衰变来监测稳定二氧环乙烷的热分解速率。给装有磁力搅拌棒的Pyrex小瓶装入3-4ml反应溶剂,用Teflon-线螺旋帽将该瓶封住,并将它置于测量化学发光照度计的恒温样品槽中。通过外循环水浴控制温度,选择合适凳订器放大值及光狭缝。在达到热平衡(约,3分钟)时,加入等份的二氧环乙烷原液,其加入量应足以达到最终浓度(不超过10-4M),加入方法是通过打开照度计顶部用移液管加入,或者用注射器通过直接盖在上述小瓶上的避光用橡胶隔膜加入。用Teflon线螺旋帽将小瓶封死,以避免在采用高温时出现蒸发。打开开关开始测量信号,一般至少要记录化学发光衰变的3个半衰期。通过采用处理标准方差的计算机程序,由In(强度)对时间计算一级速率常数(K)。相关系数(r)一般至少为0.999,在各重复样品之间K的变化应小于5%。
由In K对1/T(Arrhenius方程)或In k/t对1/T(Eyring方程)作图,通过标准方差线性回归分析计算二氧环乙烷分解作用的活化参数。测定在80-120℃之间的5至10个温度下的重复试验结果表明是一条直线,其相关系数为0.99或更好。例如,图1表示磷酸酰取代二氧环乙烷2c在邻二甲苯中热分解的Arrhenius图,Ea=32.5kcol/mol,r=0.999,由Arrhenius方程计算得到2c在25℃的半衰期为19年。二氧环乙烷在二甲苯中热分解作用的活化能。
二氧环乙烷(X) Ea Log A K(sec-1)at 25℃ t1/2at 25℃
2a(OH) 28.3 12.5 5.38X10-94.1 yrs
2b(OAC) 30.4 13.6 1.73X10-913 yrs
2c(PO3Na2) 32.5 14.9 1.19X10-919 yrs
上述结果表明:在用适宜的化学试剂或酶触发之前,这些类型的二氧环乙烷呈现出极高的稳定性(很长的半衰期)。
化学发光量子产额的测定
二氧环乙烷分解作用的化学发光量子产额(φCL)的定义是,所发射的化学发光衰变与二氧环乙烷分解摩尔数之比。在反应期间,由反应焓(△HR)加上Arrhenius活化能(Ea)所释放出的能量,足以使羰基裂解产物之一呈单线激发态。因此,量子产额最大值是1.0。另一有意义的参数是化学激发量子产额(φCE),其定义为所形成的激发态与所分解的二氧环乙烷之比。根据方程:φCL=φCEXφF,通过二氧环乙烷裂解的发光量子产额(φF),使化学激发量子产额与化学发光量子产额相联系。
为测定化学发光量子产额,通过下列修正采用与测定衰变动力学相同的方法。将精确等份的已知浓度二氧环乙烷原液加到3ml预先恒温的有机溶剂或水性缓冲液中。然后加入适宜的化学试剂或酶触反应物。采用冷却至-78℃的RCA A-31034A砷化镓PMT的光子计数照度计收集总光强度。根据鲁米诺与碱在通气DMSO中化学发光反应的已知精确量子产额,参照其标准系数,将光强度转化为光子数。经测定鲁米诺反应的化学发光量子产额为0.011(1.1%)(J.Lee and H.H.Seliger,photochem.photobiol.,15,227(1972);P.R.Michacl and L.R.Faulkner,Anal.Chem.,48.1188(1976))。
探测化学发光光谱。
采用Spex Fluorolog荧光光度计,在室温下,使反应在样品槽的1-cm2石英透明小容器中进行,由此测得由化学或酶触发的二氧环乙烷的化学发光光谱。在波长扫描期间校正化学发光强度的衰变,其方法是以比例的模式累积光谱,使来自辅助检测器(EMI9781B)的信号将所观察到的光谱分开,该辅助检测器以时间为函数测量总信号。该单色器谱带通道一般为18nm。就弱发射样品而言,要进行几次相同扫描,并叠加借以改善信噪比。
二氧环乙烷的化学触发。
1.用碱触发羟基取代二氧环乙烷2a的化学发光。
在室温下,用过量的四正丁基铵氢氧化物处理溶于DMSO中的10-4的二氧环乙烷2a溶液,由此导致深兰色的化学发光,该发光作用经数分钟衰变。该化学发光的发射最大值是470nm。裂解产物(3-羟基苯甲酸甲酯,MHB)阳离子的荧光相同于上述化学发光光谱。这些结果表明所述化学发光过程包括:(a)碱触发得到不稳定芳基氧化物形式的二氧环乙烷,(b)然后该物质裂解产生单线激发态MHB,(c)MHB发光,得到总量子产额(*Cl)为0.25的荧光。
2.在水性胶束中催化乙酰氧基-取代二氧环乙烷2a的碱触发化学发光:通过分子间能量转移提高化学发光效率。
可将阳离子表面活性剂,[如十六烷基三甲基铵溴化物(CTAB)]用于提高适宜的取代二氧环乙烷在水溶液中化学发光的化学触发速率。例如,CTAB催化乙酰氧取代二氧环乙烷2b的碱诱发荧光裂解。二氧环乙烷在表面活性剂形成的胶束中是可溶的,加入氢氧化钠即可引起化学发光。阳离子部份与氢氧根阴离子的静电吸引作用产生明显的胶束催化作用。一般实验所采用的浓度为:[2b]=9.1X10-5M,[CTAB]=2X10-3M,和[OH]=9.1×10-5M,温度为:37℃。
胶束环境可以导致更高的化学发光效率。
尽管2a和2b与碱在DMSO中作用,光产量相当高,可达0.25,但这些二氧环乙烷在水中的光产量仅为8.9×10-6。造成其大幅度降低的根本原因是:该裂解产物(MHB)在水只有很弱的发光作用。但是,正如下述实验所证实,通过在胶束中触发二氧环乙烷,可以提高其荧光产量。除CTAB的浓度在0至5×10-3M范围内变化外,碱触发2b的条件与前述条件相同。图2说明,当高于CTAB的临界胶束浓度(cmc≌1×10-3M)时,化学发光量子产额(φCL=1.7×10-4)提高19倍。在胶束环境中增加化学发光效率的原因在于φF和/或φCE增加。
在共表面活性剂胶束中掺入荧光首基,无论是对化学触发二氧环乙烷还是对酶促触发二氧环乙烷,均可大幅度提高化学发光产量。由于(如图2a所示)在胶束中将可触发二氧环乙烷和能量受体(荧光剂)紧密地束缚在一起,从激发态裂解产物到荧光表面活性剂之间的能量转移是十分有效的。
例如,在水溶液中按下列最终浓度制得了含荧光素表面活性剂3和二氧环乙烷2b的CTAB胶束体:CTAB(1.5×10-3M),3(9×10-5M)和2b(9×10-5M)。在37℃加入碱即可产生很强的黄色光(化学发光)而不是发射一般的兰光,其化学发光效率是1.4%(φCL=0.014),比2b在不加CTAB和3时所产生的荧光强500倍。
用苯并噻唑酰胺表面活性剂4进行了同样的试验。化学发光效率是0.3%,λmax是506nm。
酶促触发生磷酸酰取代二氧环乙烷2c。
1.用人体血清碱性磷酸酶触发2c的化学发光。
通过将1c在二噁烷/水(V/V 1∶1)中进行光氧化制得二氧环乙烷2c的原液。从健康供体中采集新鲜血样,离心除去红血细胞,得到实验用血清。将3ml浓度为10-5M的2c溶液[溶剂是0.75M的2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(221)缓冲液(PH10.3)]在37℃用100μl血清处理,得到了图3所示典型的强度对时间的关系图,图3中在时间为零时注入血清。在这些条件下,光强度达到接近2.3×104计数/秒的恒定水平。2c在无酶促水解时所产生的对照荧光信号还不到酶促值的0.05%。采用100至1μl血清进行凳;系列实验表明(图4)停滞期的光强度与酶浓度直接成正比。也可以方便地采用在任何其它时间位点的光强度直接测量酶浓度(图5)。
2.用来自牛小肠粘液的碱性磷酸酶触发2c化学发光。
牛小肠检液碱性磷酸酶由Sigma Chemical Co.得到,为每毫升3.2M(NH4)2SO4溶液含5.1mg蛋白质的混悬液。在普通实验中,将50μl浓度为2.56×10-3M二氧环乙烷2c原液的221缓冲液加到含8.0×10-4Mg(OAc)2的221缓冲液(0.75M,PH9.1)中,使二氧环乙烷的最终浓度达4.3×10-5M。在37℃将10μl稀释酶注入该溶液,产生化学发光,其量子产额为3.1×10-5。为了便于与化学触发相比较,加入CTAB(1.13×10-3M),使φ1中度增加至2.1×10-4。加入表面活性剂后酶促触发动力无明显改变。
3.用碱性磷酸酶触发2c的化学发光:在水性胶束中通过分子间能量转移提高化学发光效率。
在胶束中掺入荧光素表面活性剂3可以戏剧性地提高酶触发光的效率。在37℃用3ml含有下列物质的溶液进行碱性磷酸酶与二氧环乙烷2c反应的试验:2c(4.3×10-5M),221缓冲液(0.75M,PH0.91),Mg(OAc)2(8.0×10-4M),CTAB(1.13×10-3M),荧光素表面活性剂3(5.6×10-5M)。加入碱性磷酸酶(Sigma,牛小肠粘液)使蛋白最终浓度达12Pg/ml,由此产生长达45分钟的化学发光。将整个发光过程的光强度积分,得到φCl=0.015(1.5%化学发光效率,与不加CTAB和3的酶促反应相比,增加了500倍)。另外与化学触发2b相比,该化学发光光谱从正常发射兰光(图6,曲线A)位移至典型的荧光素发射光谱(图6,曲线B),由此证明涉及能量转移过程。
为了检验该化学发光方法对评价溶液中碱性磷酸酶浓度的敏感性,采用将购自Sigma的样品稀释制得的酶原液进行了一系列实验。根据对样品中酶浓度的保守估计,假设每ml样品中的5.1mg蛋白是100%纯的碱性磷酸酯酶。另外将酶的分子量按140.000计算。反应条件如上所述,采用2c,CTAB,荧光剂3,所不同的是在3ml溶液中最终酶的量分别是:
A=3.6×10-12摩尔
B=3.3×10-13摩尔
C=3.0×10-14摩尔
D=2.7×10-15摩尔
E=2.5×10-16摩尔
F=2.3×10-17摩尔
在上述条件下,2c在缓冲液/共胶束环境无酶促水解而产生的对照化学发光相当慢,由此而产生的恒定信号仅为几个计数/秒(图7)。图7示出了用3ml中磷酸酶浓度为2.7×10-15M的酶进行酶促触发时一般的强度对时间的关系图(实验D)。在30-60分钟内,随着浓度增加光强度增加。此后光强度保持恒定,直到消耗完二氧环乙烷为止。如果在用照度计分析仪前,将含有二氧环乙烷和酶的样品在37℃-45℃保温数分钟,可以省去预稳定时间。
无论是总体光强度还是在某一特定时间的强度与酶量的关系图均有很好的相关性。例如,图8示出了log(从零时至3分钟总分体酶促荧光)与log(碱性磷酸酶摩尔数)的关系图。每一过程的重复性好于4%,如图8所示。相关系数>0.99。
如上所述的酶促发实验也可在购自Dynatech,Inc,由透明聚苯乙烯制得的ImmumlonTM微滴井中进行。单独使用该井,并将其置于可恒温加热的避光容器中。采用光导纤维技术使井底与如前所述的光子计数照度计相连,由此检测化学发光。这一实验装置可采用十分小的反应体积。例如,所进行的一系列实验中,在200μL221缓冲液中,二氧环乙烷2c,CTAB和3与碱性磷酸酶反应的量仅为5X10-15至2X10-18摩尔(或2阿摩尔)。图9示出了用2.3X10-17摩尔酶进实验的光强度对时间的关系图。对酶样品纯度更实际的估计应为10%。在这些条件下,从图10中可以看出:采用二氧环乙烷2c的这一化学发光技术能够检测到浓度低于0.2阿摩尔的碱性磷酸酶。
采用X-线胶片及瞬时胶片(instant film)摄影也可以检测由酶促触发2c产生的化学发光。例如,图11和12示出了在ASA300 PolaroidTMType 57胶片上记录的化学发光。将含有二氧环乙烷2c(4.3×10-5M),Mg(OAc)2(8.0×10-4M),CTAB(1.13×10-3M),荧光素表面活性剂3(5.6×10-5M)的221缓冲液(100μl,0.75M,PH9.1),采用前述相同的酶原液,在不同量碱性磷酸酶存在下,于Dynatech Immalon井中保温。在37℃将该井保温一小时,然后将该井直接置于避光保温器中的胶片上,在同一温度摄影15分钟。记录在胶片上的光强度显然可用于测量酶浓度。
4.化学发光酶联测定
酶促触发适宜取代的二氧环乙烷为酶联生物测定提供了超敏感的检测方法。例如,用碱性磷酸酶作为测定标记物的酶联免疫测定及DNA探针可以采用磷酸酰取代二氧环乙烷2c。前述检测方法是利用与该酶反应产生颜色或发荧光的底物。对于视网膜蛋白,半抗原的酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)说明了采用二氧环乙烷2c的化学发光技术的敏感性。采用L.A.Donoso的方法(L.A.Donoso,C.F.Merryman,K.E.Egelberg,R.Naids,and C.Kalsow,Investigation Ophthalmology & Visual Science,26,561(1985)),用不同量半抗原(112,56,28,14,7,3,1.3ng)涂敷7支一组的ImmulonTM井,并使之与鼠体生长的单克隆抗体(MA6A9-C6)反应,最后与抗-鼠IgG偶合的碱性磷酸酶反应。然后在每支井中加入100μl含有Mg(OAc)2(8.0×10-4M),CTAB(1.13×10-3M),荧光素表面活性剂3(5.6×10-5M)的221缓冲液(0.75M,PH9.1),进行化学发光测定。将该井置于微量照度计中,并在3分钟内平衡至37℃,注入10μl于221缓冲液的二氧环乙烷2c原液,使2c的最终浓度达1.36×10-4M。图13示出了典型的化学发光强度与时间的关系图。试剂的对照荧光很低并且恒定在15-20计数/秒(图13)。如图14所示,整体光强度与涂敷在井上的抗原量相关。在用照度计实验之后,将含有相同溶液的井进行摄影检测实验(图15)。将7支井置于一容器中,并在37℃保温30分钟,然后在一避光保温器中,用ASA300 PolaroidTMType 57胶片在相同温度下摄影15分钟。如图15所示,记录在胶片上的光强度也与涂敷在井上半抗原的量相关。图16说明了该摄影测定的可重复性。用上述缓冲液和二氧环乙烷处理50ng抗原涂敷的4支井,在45℃保温1小时,然后在同一温度用胶片摄影30秒。应该注意到:在两种摄影测定中,只含有缓冲液和二氧环乙烷的对照井是看不到的,另外还说明:由非酶促水解二氧环乙烷所产生的对照相当低。
5.在发光胶束存在下,用脲酶对羟基取代的二氧环乙烷2a进行酶促触发
采用160mgCTAB和12.4mg荧光素表面活性剂3在200mg蒸馏水中制成一溶液。将200mg脲素溶解在100ml蒸馏水中,并加入EDTA使最终浓度达0.4mM,由此制得一脲素溶液。将10ml各原液混合得到用于脲酶实验的底物溶液。
将脲酶(Sigma)在室温下保温0.5至2小时以进行实验,然后注入10μl3×10-3M二氧环乙烷2a,用照度计和瞬时胶片监测所产生的化学发光,根据该荧光强度即可测定脲酶的浓度。
在优选方法和组合物中,二氧环乙烷的用量在约10-2至10-6M之间;表面活性剂用量大于约10-4M,共表面活性剂荧光素表面活性剂用量在约10-3至10-6M之间。当在溶液中只使用共表面活性剂时,其本身失活。二氧环乙烷对荧光化合物的摩尔比,无论是在溶液中还是在固体组合物中一般是在约1000∶1至1∶1之间。
为获得最佳酶活性,采用缓冲液调节PH值。就磷酸酰(如X-氧基)取代的二氧环乙烷而言,PH值在9和10之间,这样磷酸酰基的非酶促水解降至最低,产生很低的对照荧光。2-甲基-2-氨基-1-丙醇是优选的缓冲剂,其他缓冲剂是三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷和碳酸盐。也可以采用无机盐(如:Mg(OAc)2)使酶活化。选择缓冲系统应为酶提供最大催化活性,并为由二氧环乙烷裂解而产生的X-氧基(如:磷酸酰基)提供一受体。
本发明在特定的分子集合体,例如胶束中恰到好处地掺入稳定的二氧环乙烷和发光能量受体,使产生有效的能量转移。这些方法适用于包括反向胶束,脂质体,微乳剂,胶片,单层体和聚合物。
最好将二氧环乙烷和受体置于溶液中或置于像胶片之类的固体上。固=相有利于使这些分子定位在一起。
应当指出:前述说明书仅用于说明,只有下文的权利要求书限制本发明。
Claims (69)
1、一种产生光的方法,该方法的特征在于:
(a)提供一种淡光化合物和与之紧密间隔相联系的下式稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物:
式中Arox是由X-氧基团取代的芳基,当用活化剂触发该化合物除去X时,它形成不稳定的氧化物中间体-1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,这样该不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解,释放出电能,形成光和两个下式所示的羰基化合物
式中X是化学易变基团,在致活剂的作用下可以将它除去,进而形成不稳定的中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷;其中A是钝性有机基团,它允许产生光,
(b)用致活剂分解稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷,在分解过程中,荧光化合物接受由不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
2、一种产生光的方法,其特征在于
(a)提供一种荧光化合物和与之以紧密间隔相邻的下式所示稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物:
式中R1和R2一起,以及R3和R4一起连接成螺旋稠合亚烷基,后者可以含有除碳原子外的杂原子(N,S,O或P),和芳环,在R1和R2或R3和R4中至少有一个是芳基,该芳基由X-氧基取代,当该取代基由选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂,电子授体等的致活剂触发时,除去X,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体,后者分解,释放出电能,形成光和两个下式所示的含羰基化合物:
式中,未经X-氧基团取代的R1,R2,R3或R4是含碳或杂原子的有机基团,所述有机基团可为稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物提供稳定性,式中X是化学易变基团,在致活剂作用下至被除去,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体,
(b),在致活剂作用下使稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,其中荧光化合物接受由于不稳定氧化物中间体分解的产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
3、一种产生光的方法,其特征在于
(a)提供一种与下式稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物紧密相邻的荧光化合物,所述二氧环乙烷为:
式中R1选自烷基,烷氧基,芳氧基,二烷氨基,三烷基或芳基甲硅烷氧基和包括与R2螺旋稠合芳基在内的芳基,其中R2是芳基(可包括R1),并且该R2还可由X-氧基取代,后者墼致活剂的作用下除去X形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,所述致活剂选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂,电子授体等,这样,不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解,释放出电能,形成光和下式所示两个含有羰基的化合物:
式中X是化学易变基团,经致活剂作用除去X,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体;式中R3和R4选自芳基,杂烷基和烷基,R3和R4可以以螺旋稠合多聚烷基和多聚环芳基的形式连在一起;
(b).在致活剂作用下,稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,其中荧光化合物接受由于不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
4、权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,由生物源酶作为除去X的致活剂,进而使1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解。
5、权利要求4所述方法,其特征在于,1,2-二氧环乙烷含有作为X-氧基的磷酸酰基,和所述酶是碱性磷酸酶。
6、权利要求4所述方法,其特征在于,1,2-二氧环乙烷含有作为OX基团的乙酰氧基,所述酶是乙酰胆碱酯酶。
7、权利要求4所述方法,其特征在于,1,2-二氧环乙烷含有作为OX基团的乙酰氧基,所述酶是芳基酯酶。
8、权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于该方法可起到免疫测定或核酸探针的作用。
9、权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于,R3和R4结合在一起形成含有6-30个碳和杂原子(N,O,S或P)的多环多亚烷基。
10、权利要求9所述方法,其特征在于R2选自含有X-氧基的萘基和苯基,并且R1是甲氧基。
11、权利要求10所述方法,其特征在于X-氧基选羟基,三烷基或芳基甲硅氧基,无机含氧酸盐,氧-吡喃糖苷,芳基羧基酯和烷基羧基酯,并且由致活剂除去X。
12、权利要求11所述方法,其特征在于X-氧基是磷酸酰基,并且在作为致活剂的磷酸酶作用下除去该磷酸酰基。
13、权利要求11所述方法,其特征在于X-氧基选自烷基和芳基羧基酯,并且由酯酶除去羧基。
14、权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于,作为致活剂的生物源酶除去X使所述1,2-二氧环乙烷分解。
15、权利要求14所述方法,其特征在于,1,2-二氧环乙烷含有作为X-氧基的磷酸酰基,并且所述酶是碱性磷酸酶。
16、权利要求14所述方法,其特征在于,1,2-二氧环乙烷含有作为X-氧基的乙酰氧基,并且所述酶是乙酰胆碱酯酶。
17、权利要求13所述方法,其特征在于,1,2-二氧环乙烷含有作为X-氧基的乙酰氧基,并且所述酶是芳基酯酶。
18、权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于该方法可起到免疫测定或核酸探针的作用。
19、权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于R1是烷氧基。
20、权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于R1是甲氧基,R2是由X-氧基取代的苯基,并且R3和R4连接在一起构成金钢烷基。
21、权利要求20所述方法,其特征在于X-氧基选自羟基,乙酰氧基,磷酸酰基和氧-吡喃糖苷。
22、权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于荧光化合物与1,2-二氧环乙烷呈混合物的形式使用。
23、权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于阳离子表面活性剂和荧光化合物与1,2-二氧环乙烷呈混合物的形式使用。
24、权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于所述表面活性剂是十四烷基三甲基铵盐。
25、权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于所述荧光化合物是一荧光素化合物。
26、权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述荧光化合物是5-(N+四碳-壬胺基-荧光素),它既起到表面活性剂的作用,也与作为表活性剂的十四烷基三甲基铵盐一道起胶束体的作用。
27、权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述荧光化合物是1-十六烷基-6羟基-2苯并三唑酰胺,后者也与作为表面活性剂的乙基三甲基铵盐一道起着共表面活性剂的作用。
28、权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述二氧环乙烷和所述荧光化合物在胶束体,脂质体,反转胶束体,微乳剂,胶片,单层体或多聚体中紧密相邻。
29、一种通过触发产生光的组合物,其特征在于:
(a)一种荧光化合物,和
(b)下式所示的稳定1,2-二氧环乙烷,
式中Arox代表由X-氧基取代的芳基,当在致活剂的作用下触发除去X时,它形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,这样,不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解,释放电能,形成光和下式所示的两个含羰基化合物,
式中X是化学易变基团,它在致活剂的作用下被除去,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷,并且式中A是允许产生光的钝性有机基团,在该组合物中,在致活剂的作用下,稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,并且荧光化合物接受由于不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
30、一种通过触发而产生光的组合物,其特征在于:
(a)提供一种荧光化合物;和
(b)下式所示的稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物
式中R1和R2一起,以及R3和R4一起连接成螺旋稠合亚烷基,后者可以含有除碳原子之外的杂原子(N,S,O或P)和芳香环,在R1和R2中或R3和R4中至少有一个是芳基,上述芳基由X-氧基取代,当它在选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂及电子授体的致活剂触发下除去X时,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,这样,不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解,释放电能,形成光和下式所示两个含有羰基的化合物:
式中未经X-氧基团取代的R1,R2,R3,或R4是含碳原子的有机基团,该基团为稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物提供稳定性,并且式中X是化学易变基团,在致活剂作用下它被除去,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体;其中致活剂使稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,在此过程中,所述荧光化合物接受由不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,进而产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷所产生的光。
31、一种产生光的组合物,其特征在于:
(a)提供一种荧光化合物;和
(b)下式所示的稳定的二氧环乙烷化合物
式中R1选自烷基,烷氧基,芳氧基,三烷氨基,三烷基或芳基甲硅氧基,和包括与R2螺旋稠合的芳基在内的芳基,其中R2是(可包括R1)的芳基,并且该R2还可以由X-氧基取代,后者在致活剂的作用下除去X,形成不稳定的氧化物中间体1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物,所述致活剂选自酸,碱,盐,酶,无机和有机催化剂,电子授体等,这样,不稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷化合物分解并释放出电能,形成下式所示两个含羟基的化合物:
式中X是化学易基团,经致活剂作用除去X形成不稳定的氧化物中间体,是中R3和R4可以以螺旋稠合多环烷基和多环芳基的形式连在一起,在致活剂作用下,稳定的1,2-二氧环乙烷分解,其中荧光化合物接受由不稳定氧化物中间体分解而产生的电能,并产生光强度大于单独触发二氧环乙烷而产生的光。
32、权利要求29所述组合物,其特征在于二氧环乙烷与荧光化合物的摩尔比在约1000比1和1比1之间。
33、权利要求29所述组合物,其特征在于所述荧光化合物是荧光素化合物。
34、权利要求29所述组合物,其特征在于在该组合物中存有阳离子表面活性剂。
35、权利要求30所述组合物,其特征在于R1是甲氧基,R2是由X-氧基取代的苯基,并且R3和R4连在一起构成金刚烷基。
36、权利要求35所述组合物,其特征在于X-氧基选自羟基,三烷基或芳基甲硅氧基,无机含氧酸盐,氧-吡喃糖苷,芳基羧基酯和烷基羧基酯,并且由致活剂除去X。
37、权利要求36所述组合物,其特征在于所述荧光化合物是荧光素化合物。
38、权利要求37所述组合物,其特征在于在该组合物中存在有阳离子,其中所述荧光化合物与形成共表面活性剂的烃链连接,在该组合物中,二氧环乙烷的存在量约为10-2至10-6M,表面活性剂应大于10-4M,共表面活性剂应为10-3至10-6M。
39、权利要求38所述组合物,其特征在于所述表面活性剂是十四烷基三甲基铵盐。
40、权利要求29所述组合物,其特征在于所述二氧环乙烷和荧光化合物在胶束体,脂质体,反转胶束体,微乳化剂,胶片,单层体或聚合物中紧密相邻。
41、权利要求30所述组合物,其特征在于所述二氧环乙烷和荧光化合物在胶束体,脂质体,反转胶束体,微乳化剂,胶片,单层体或聚合物中紧密相邻。
42、权利要求31所述组合物,其特征在于所述二氧环乙烷和荧光化合物在胶束体,脂质体,反转胶束体,微乳化剂,胶片,单层体或聚合物中紧密相邻。
44、权利要求43所述方法,其特征在于,X是与作为标记酶的碱性磷酸酶反应的磷酸基。
45、权利要求44所述方法,其特征在于,所述磷酸基是PO3Na2。
46、权利要求43所述方法,其特征在于,X是与作为标记酶的酶反应的乙酸基。
48、权利要求47所述组合物,其特征在于OX是磷酸基,而酶是碱性磷酸酶。
49、权利要求47所述组合物,其特征在于,在所述组合物中混有表面活性剂。
50、权利要求49所述组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂是十六烷基三甲基铵盐。
51、权利要求47所述组合物,其特征在于,所述荧光化合物是荧光素化合物。
52、权利要求51所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中混有表面活性剂。
53、权利要求52所述组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂是十六烷基三甲基铵盐。
54、权利要求51所述组合物,其特征在于,所述荧光素化合物是荧光素表面活性剂。
55、权利要求54所述组合物,其特征在于,所述荧光素表面活性剂选自5-N-十四碳酰氨基荧光素和1-十六碳烷基-6-羟基-2-苯并噻唑酰胺。
56、权利要求55所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中混有表面活性剂。
57、权利要求56所述组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂是十六烷基三甲基铵盐。
58、权利要求29所述组合物,其特征在于,所述荧光化合物是荧光素表面活性剂。
59、权利要求58所述组合物,其特征在于,所述荧光素表面活性剂选自5-N-十四碳酰氨基荧光素和1-十六碳烷基-6-羟基-2-苯并噻唑酰胺。
60、权利要求59所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中混有表面活性剂。
61、权利要求60所述组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂是十六碳烷基三甲基铵盐。
62、权利要求31所述组合物,其特征在于,所述荧光化合物是荧光素表面活性剂。
63、权利要求62所述组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂选自5-N-十四碳酰氨基荧光素和1-十六碳烷基-6-羟基-2-苯并噻唑酰胺。
64、权利要求63所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中混有表面活性剂。
65、权利要求64所述组合物,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂是十四碳烷基三甲基铵盐。
66、权利要求29所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中二氧环乙烷和荧光化合物彼此紧密相间。
67、权利要求30所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中,二氧环乙烷和荧光化合物彼此紧密相间。
68、权利要求31所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中,二氧环乙烷和荧光化合物彼此紧密相间。
69、权利要求29所述组合物,其特征在于,在该组合物中含有表面活性剂。
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US07/224,681 US5004565A (en) | 1986-07-17 | 1988-07-27 | Method and compositions providing enhanced chemiluminescence from 1,2-dioxetanes |
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CN93120975A Pending CN1088956A (zh) | 1988-07-27 | 1993-12-15 | 含有稳定态1,2-二氧环乙烷及与之以狭窄的间距相联系的荧光化合物的组合物及其应用 |
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US5578253A (en) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-11-26 | Lumigen, Inc. | Chemiluminescent dialkyl-substituted 1,2-dioxetane compounds, methods of synthesis and use |
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1988
- 1988-07-27 US US07/224,681 patent/US5004565A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-02 US US07/265,890 patent/US6133459A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1989
- 1989-05-31 CA CA000601376A patent/CA1340574C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-06-21 AU AU36645/89A patent/AU603736B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-07-24 ES ES199292114339T patent/ES2037638T1/es active Pending
- 1989-07-24 EP EP19920114339 patent/EP0518387A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-07-24 DE DE68909345T patent/DE68909345T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-24 EP EP19920109406 patent/EP0510721A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-07-24 DE DE199292109406T patent/DE510721T1/de active Pending
- 1989-07-24 ES ES199292109406T patent/ES2038109T1/es active Pending
- 1989-07-24 JP JP1191247A patent/JPH0791536B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-24 DE DE199292114339T patent/DE518387T1/de active Pending
- 1989-07-24 ES ES89113627T patent/ES2013226T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-24 AT AT89113627T patent/ATE94895T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-24 DE DE198989113627T patent/DE352713T1/de active Pending
- 1989-07-24 EP EP89113627A patent/EP0352713B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-27 KR KR1019890010603A patent/KR930008603B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-27 CN CN89106249A patent/CN1040980A/zh active Pending
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1991
- 1991-03-29 US US07/677,097 patent/US6107024A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-31 GR GR90300085T patent/GR900300085T1/el unknown
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1993
- 1993-02-22 US US08/021,022 patent/US5891626A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-28 GR GR930300010T patent/GR930300010T1/el unknown
- 1993-04-28 GR GR930300002T patent/GR930300002T1/el unknown
- 1993-06-29 JP JP5187042A patent/JPH07121237B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-15 CN CN93120975A patent/CN1088956A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102030779A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-04-27 | 云南瑞亘生物科技有限公司 | 一种免疫分析用化学发光物amppd的制备方法 |
CN104990912A (zh) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-21 | 苏州浩欧博生物医药有限公司 | 一种碱性磷酸酶的酶促化学发光底物 |
WO2016206654A3 (zh) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-02-09 | 苏州浩欧博生物医药有限公司 | 一种碱性磷酸酶的酶促化学发光底物 |
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