CN104093598B - 照明玻璃窗面板 - Google Patents

照明玻璃窗面板 Download PDF

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CN104093598B
CN104093598B CN201380009078.3A CN201380009078A CN104093598B CN 104093598 B CN104093598 B CN 104093598B CN 201380009078 A CN201380009078 A CN 201380009078A CN 104093598 B CN104093598 B CN 104093598B
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plate
interarea
window unit
edge
pcb
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CN104093598A (zh
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J-P.米莱
M.贝拉尔
F.皮鲁
C.克莱奥
A.韦拉特-德巴约尔
P.博埃勒
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
    • B60Q3/20—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors for lighting specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments; mounted on specific fittings of passenger or driving compartments
    • B60Q3/208—Sun roofs; Windows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2661—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions
    • B60Q1/268—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions on windscreens or windows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
    • E06B7/10—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses by special construction of the frame members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235—Light guides
    • F21S43/236—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide
    • F21S43/239—Light guides characterised by the shape of the light guide plate-shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/235—Light guides
    • F21S43/242—Light guides characterised by the emission area
    • F21S43/245—Light guides characterised by the emission area emitting light from one or more of its major surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/26—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F21V11/16—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using sheets without apertures, e.g. fixed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
    • G02B6/0083—Details of electrical connections of light sources to drivers, circuit boards, or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0081—Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging
    • G02B6/0086—Positioning aspects
    • G02B6/0091—Positioning aspects of the light source relative to the light guide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14336—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
    • B29C45/14377—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article using an additional insert, e.g. a fastening element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
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    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3481—Housings or casings incorporating or embedding electric or electronic elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/006—General building constructions or finishing work for buildings, e.g. roofs, gutters, stairs or floors; Garden equipment; Sunshades or parasols
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种照明玻璃窗单元，优选地为照明车辆玻璃窗单元，包括：第一板(1)，具有第一主面(11)、第二主面(12)和边缘面(13)；第二板(2)，具有第一主面(21)、第二主面(22)和边缘面(23)；叠层中间层(5)，具有小于每块玻璃板的范围，并从而在第一板(1)的第二主面(12)的边缘和第二板(2)的第一主面(21)的边缘之间限定沟槽状空间(8)；至少一个发光二极管(LED)条(4)，包括印刷电路板(PCB)(41)和多个LED(42)，定位成使得LED的发光面(31)面向第一板(1)的边缘面(13);以及由不透明聚合物制成的封装元件(4)，其至少封装所述第二板(2)的边缘面(23)和LED条(4),其特征在于，PCB(41)通过多个间隔件(6)承靠第二玻璃板(2)的第一主面(21)，且所述空间(8)由所述封装元件(4)的不透明聚合物填充。本发明也涉及用于制造此类玻璃窗单元的方法。

Description

照明玻璃窗面板
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃窗单元，优选为车辆玻璃窗单元，其经由其边缘面通过发光二极管被照明，并且包括用于遮蔽由这些二极管产生的杂散光的相当简单但是有效的系统。
背景技术
通过它们的边缘面由发光二极管(LED)照明的玻璃窗单元，且尤其是机动车辆玻璃窗单元，是已知的。在被照明玻璃窗单元的情况下，这些LED将光投射到两块玻璃板的至少其中一块中，该玻璃板之后充当波导，作为用于提取光的装置(散射元件)尽可能远地引导光，该装置位于距玻璃窗单元的边缘一定距离处。
由LED的兰伯特发射面发射的光的强度通常非常高，且光从该面在大约180°上发射。由于美观原因，通常希望遮蔽LED以便避免它们被附近的人们看到。有多种装置用于阻挡来自LED的此直射光(此光在下文称作杂散光)：
- 封装装置，其通常由不透明聚合物(填充了碳黑的聚氨酯)形成，可能覆盖玻璃窗单元的边缘，并且，假设其足够厚，充分地阻挡杂散光；但是，此装置不能用在称为“平齐安装”的玻璃窗单元中，这里封装物覆盖板的边缘面但是不明显地延伸超出板；
- 遮蔽珐琅质，其可涂覆至被照明板的边际，或者涂覆至未被照明板的边际上，未被照明板通过透明叠层中间层粘性地结合到被照明板上；但是，此类珐琅质的厚度限于若干微米，其对于有效的遮蔽常常是不够的；
- 最后，LED安装在其上的印刷电路板可屏蔽光；但是其阻光能力和/或其范围通常不足以极好地遮蔽杂散光。
以下更详细描述的图1显示了根据现有技术的叠层平齐安装玻璃窗单元，其中杂散光在内侧上由封装元件阻挡，且朝向外部由不充分不透明的遮蔽珐琅质阻挡。因此，残留的光点从外部是可见的，如图2中所示。
发明内容
本发明背后的理念是通过允许形成封装元件的不透明聚合物渗入位于两块玻璃板之间的相对深的沟槽而遮蔽杂散光。此沟槽由叠层中间层限定在两块玻璃板之间，叠层中间层具有比每块粘性结合的板都小的范围。叠层中间层和玻璃板之间的尺寸差异越大，沟槽越深。
为了便于不透明的封装聚合物能够轻易地渗入此深沟槽状的空间中并且不形成空隙地填充该空间，承靠两块玻璃板之一的LED条在注射步骤期间必须不阻塞液体封装成分的流动。因而在本发明中，提供了要在其边缘上或者在经由其承靠玻璃板的表面上包括多个“间隔件”的印刷电路板(PCB)。这些“间隔件”或者垫块形成PCB和玻璃窗单元之间的多点接触，并且在封装步骤期间允许液体封装成分在PCB和其承靠其上的玻璃板之间通过。
本发明的一个主题因而是隔热玻璃窗单元，包括：
- 第一板，其由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面，第二主面和边缘面；
- 第二板，其由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面，第二主面和边缘面；
- 叠层中间层，与第一板的第二主面并与第二板的第一主面形成粘性接触，所述叠层中间层具有小于每块玻璃板的范围，并且因而限定第一板的第二主面的边缘与第二板的第一主面的边缘之间的沟槽状空间；
- 至少一个发光二极管(LED)条，包括印刷电路板(PCB)和多个LED，LED定位成使得LED的发光面面向第一板的边缘面；以及
- 由不透明聚合物制成的封装元件，其至少封装第二板的边缘面和LED条，
其特征在于，PCB通过多个间隔件承靠第二玻璃板的第一主面，且沟槽状空间由封装元件的不透明聚合物填充。
本发明的玻璃窗单元是叠层玻璃窗单元，包括以已知方式通过叠层中间层粘性地结合到彼此之上的至少两块单独的板。重要的是注意到，在玻璃窗单元的以下描述中，用词“第一板”将总是代表经由其边缘面由一个或更多光源照明的玻璃板。第一板或被照明的板优选地是与车辆或建筑物的内部形成接触的板。
本发明的玻璃窗单元的两块板的每一块都具有边缘面和两个主面。意图朝向乘员舱或建筑物内部的面将被称为第一主面，而意图朝向建筑物或车辆乘员舱外部的面将称为第二主面。
第二板优选地具有比第一板更大的范围，并且至少在LED条所处的玻璃窗单元的边缘上延伸超出第一板。在本发明的此优选实施例中，条通过间隔件承靠在第二板的第一主面上。
间隔件可位于PCB的边缘面上，如图5中所示的实施例中那样，但是它们优选地位于与LED固定在其上的面相对的PCB的面上，如以下图3和4中所示。在后一种情况下，LED条是侧面发光LED条，而在图4中它们是顶部发光LED条。
为了确保注射封装成分期间PCB良好地座置在第二板上，并且确保PCB保持平行于玻璃窗单元的主平面的定向，间隔件优选地置于平面中，即，它们不仅沿单根直线对齐。具体地，如果间隔件仅按在PCB上的单根直线定位，则对于PCB将可能围绕此支承轴线枢转，并且这会导致光沿其投射到第一板中的方向的不可控且不期望的改变。
通过沿两条直线对齐间隔件可获得良好的PCB稳定性，这两条直线彼此平行并且优选地平行于PCB的边缘并平行于第二板的边缘。
优选地，间隔件在数量上至少等于LED，并且在PCB上规则地分布，每个LED都优选地与紧靠其定位的至少一个间隔件相关联。间隔件之间间隔的周期性优选地反映LED之间的间距。尤其是，对于柔性PCB对于间隔件重要的是定位在每个LED下，以便确保它们令人满意地保持就位。
在图3中所示的本发明的一个特别有利的实施例中，PCB延伸到由第一板和第二板之间的叠层中间层限定的空间中。具体地，此实施例对应于一种特别紧凑和稳定的解决方案，其中容纳在两块玻璃板之间的PCB又被保护免受可能的机械应力影响。
如以下更详细地解释的那样，由热固性单体的混合物形成的液体封装成分在封装操作期间必须通过穿过由PCB以及第二板的第一主面之间的间隔件形成的薄空气层而侵入两块板之间的自由空间。为了此注射阶段期间材料流不被阻塞，PCB和第二板之间的空气层必须充分地厚。此厚度对应于间隔件的凸起，即高度。其优选地包括在200到1000µm之间，且尤其在400到700µm之间。间隔件可偶尔用于调整LED的发射面相对于第一板的边缘面的位置。出于此目的，并且如果需要的话，它们之后在高度上可大于1mm。
间隔件的凸起一定不能与杂散光遮蔽层的总高度混淆，遮蔽层将在玻璃窗单元的边缘上形成在两块玻璃板之间。遮蔽层的厚度将基本上由两块玻璃板之间的间隙限定，或者换言之由叠层中间层的厚度限定。为了提供充分的不透明性，由封装元件的不透明聚合物填充的两块玻璃板之间的空间优选地具有包括在0.2到2mm之间的厚度，且尤其在0.3到1.5mm之间。
重要的是不仅限定不透明封装聚合物条的厚度，还限定它的宽度(其对应于由叠层中间层和两块板限定的沟槽的深度)。此宽度优选地包括在0.2cm和2.0cm之间，且尤其在0.3到1.0cm之间。当玻璃窗单元包括具有不同尺寸的两块板时，一块板至少在光源所处的边缘上延伸超出另一块板，沟槽的深度限定为隔开中间层的边缘与较小板的边缘的距离。
本发明的玻璃窗单元还有利地包括涂覆到第二板的第一主面的边缘上的不透明珐琅质，即与第二板和PCB的间隔件之间的接触区域齐平。此珐琅质具有美学地遮蔽此接触区域和当聚合物封装层相对薄时增强该聚合物封装层的阻光能力的双重功能。此珐琅质涂层当然必须具有足够的范围以遮蔽由封装元件的不透明聚合物填充的空间，并且因而必须延伸至少直至或者甚至超出叠层中间层的边缘。
在本发明的玻璃窗单元中，LED条的表面的大部分与封装元件的聚合物接触，封装元件的聚合物通常是相当好的隔热体。在运行中，这会不期望地阻滞由LED和PCB的其他部件生成的热量的排出。在某些情况下，间隔件可为PCB与其中一块玻璃板的仅有接触点，并且它们从而作为热桥起着重要的作用。为了促进热量的排出并限制PCB的发热，间隔件有利地由为良好热导体的材料制成，尤其是具有至少等于200 W/mK，且优选地至少等于230 W/mK的热传导率λ的材料。
例如，间隔件可由诸如铝或铝合金的金属制成，或者实际上它们可形成PCB的整体部分，并且由与PCB相同的材料制成。
如介绍中所提及的，本发明的玻璃窗单元优选地是“平齐安装”的玻璃窗单元，这意味着意图与车辆或建筑物的外部接触的第二板的第二主面不由封装元件覆盖，封装元件仅覆盖第二玻璃板的边缘面。
本发明的另一个主题是一种用于制造例如如上所述的照明玻璃窗单元的方法。此方法包括连续的至少以下步骤：
(a)提供叠层玻璃窗单元，包括：
- 第一板，由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面、第二主面和边缘面；
- 第二板，由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面、第二主面和边缘面；
- 叠层中间层，与第一板的第二主面并与第二板的第一主面形成粘性接触，所述叠层中间层具有小于每块玻璃板的范围，并且因而在第一板的第二主面的边缘与第二板的第一主面的边缘之间限定沟槽状空间；
(b)定位包括印刷电路板(PCB)和多个LED的至少一个LED条，使得LED的发光面面向第一板的边缘面，并且使得PCB通过多个间隔件承靠第二玻璃板的第一主面；以及
(c) 形成由不透明聚合物制成的封装元件，其至少封装第二板的边缘面以及LED条，并且填充第一板的第二主面的边缘与第二板的第一主面的边缘之间的沟槽状空间。
一个或更多LED条可以通过粘性结合固定就位。尤其有利的是利用透明粘合剂确保LED的发光面与第一板的边缘面之间的光学耦合，该透明粘合剂将进一步使得可以在步骤(c)期间防止封装成分阻挡LED和第一板的边缘面之间的区域并使该区域变暗。
封装元件通过将液体封装成分注射到包围玻璃窗单元的边缘的模具中而形成(步骤(c))。此封装成分可为热固性单体的成分，优选地为包括至少一种聚异氰酸酯和多元醇(形成聚氨酯)的成分，并将所述注射的成分加热至一温度且加热足够量的时间以使得其固化。
该成分可为处于熔融状态的热塑性塑料。此时固化不通过加热聚合物而是通过使其冷却而导致。
已知封装成分的注射和固化条件，以及各种热固性或热塑性封装成分的配方。本领域技术人员将能够选择它们，并且如果需要的话，对它们进行改变以便获得两块玻璃板的边缘之间空间的令人满意的填充，从而形成充分不透明的聚合物条并且因而隐藏任何杂散光。
附图说明
现在使用以下图中所示的若干实施例解释本发明，其中：
图1显示了现有技术的LED照明的叠层玻璃窗单元的边缘的横向横截面；
图2是用视频光度计取得的摄影底片，显示了对于图1中的玻璃窗单元观察到的残余光点(杂散光)；
图3显示了根据本发明的玻璃窗单元的第一实施例的边缘的横向横截面；
图4显示了根据本发明的玻璃窗单元的第二实施例的边缘；以及
图5显示了根据本发明的玻璃窗单元的第三实施例的边缘。
具体实施方式
图1中的叠层玻璃窗单元包括第一玻璃板1，其具有第一主面11，第二主面12，以及边缘面13，由PCB 41支撑的LED 42通过边缘面13将光射入第一板。与第二板的第一主面21以及第一板的第二主面12形成粘性接触的叠层中间层5具有比两块玻璃板1,2小的范围，并且因而在这两块板之间限定沟槽状空间8。LED 42的发光表面31通过透明粘合剂15光学地耦合到第一板的边缘面13上。PCB 41直接粘性地结合到第二板的第一主表面上。封装元件4因此不能侵入两块板之间的空间8中，并且仅与第二板的边缘面23、一部分LED 42、粘合剂15以及第一板的第一主表面11形成接触。
与第一板的第一主面11形成接触的封装元件4阻挡可能向内部发射的任何杂散光。
涂覆到第二板的第一主表面21上的不透明珐琅质18相对于外部遮蔽PCB和板2之间的此接触区域。此珐琅质18和PCB 41组合的阻光能力足以阻挡从LED向外部的直接光发射。但是，在PCB 41之外，珐琅质的阻光能力单独不足以屏蔽杂散光。
图2示出了用视频光度计取得的从外部所见图1中玻璃窗单元的摄影底片。此图中的每个黑点都对应于来自LED的已经穿过珐琅质18的杂散光点。
图3示出了根据本发明的玻璃窗单元的第一实施例。与图1的比较显示此玻璃窗单元的实质性区别在于存在将PCB 41保持距第二板的第一主表面21一定距离的间隔件6。由于从而限定在PCB 41和第二板2之间的空间，在封装步骤期间形成封装元件4的液体成分可以经由此空间侵入由两块板1,2和中间层5限定的沟槽状空间8。用封装元件的聚合物填充此空间8提供了附加的不透明性水平，其有效地抑制了杂散光。
图4显示了根据本发明的玻璃窗单元的第二实施例，其不同于图3中所示之处在于PCB 41不延伸进入由两块板1,2和中间层5限定的沟槽状空间8中。此实施例例如当PCB 41的厚度大于或等于中间层的厚度时或者当不能将所述PCB 41插入空间8时有用。
最后，图5显示了根据本发明的玻璃窗单元的第三实施例，其中图3和4中的侧面发射LED条已经被顶部发射LED条替代。横截面中仅可见其中一个的间隔件6不位于PCB 41的主表面上，而是在PCB 41的边缘面上。

Claims (18)

1.一种照明玻璃窗单元，包括：
- 第一板(1)，由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面(11)、第二主面(12)和边缘面(13)；
- 第二板(2)，由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面(21)、第二主面(22)和边缘面(23)；
- 叠层中间层(5)，其与第一板(1)的第二主面(12)并与第二板(2)的第一主面(21)形成粘性接触，所述叠层中间层具有小于每块玻璃板的范围，并且因而在第一板(1)的第二主面(12)的边缘与第二板(2)的第一主面(21)的边缘之间限定沟槽状空间(8)；
- 至少一个LED条，其包括PCB(41)和多个LED(42)，定位成使得LED的发光面(31)面向第一板(1)的边缘面(13);以及
- 由不透明聚合物制成的封装元件(4)，其至少封装所述第二板(2)的边缘面(23) 和LED条,
其特征在于，所述PCB(41)通过多个间隔件(6)承靠在第二玻璃板(2)的第一主面(21)上，且空间(8)由所述封装元件(4)的不透明聚合物填充。
2.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述第二板(2)具有比所述第一板(1)更大的范围，并且至少在LED条所处的所述玻璃窗单元的边缘上延伸到所述第一板之外。
3.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述PCB(41)伸入由所述第一板和第二板之间的叠层中间层(5)限定的所述空间(8)中。
4.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，其还包括涂覆到所述第二板(2)的第一主面(21)的边缘上的不透明珐琅质(18)，所述珐琅质具有充分的范围以遮蔽由所述封装元件(4)的不透明聚合物填充的所述空间(8)。
5.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，由所述封装元件的不透明聚合物填充的所述空间(8)具有包括在0.2到2 mm之间的厚度，以及包括在0.2cm到2cm之间的深度。
6.如权利要求5所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述空间(8)具有包括在0.3到1.5 mm之间的厚度，以及包括在0.3到1.0cm之间的深度。
7.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)放置成以便不仅仅在单条直线上对齐。
8.如权利要求7所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)沿两条直线对齐，彼此平行。
9.如权利要求8所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，两条直线平行于PCB(41)的边缘并平行于第二板(2)的边缘。
10.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)的高度包括在200到1000µm之间。
11.如权利要求10所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)的高度包括在400到700µm之间。
12.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)由具有至少等于200 W/mK的热传导系数λ的材料制成。
13.如权利要求12所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)由具有至少等于230 W/mK的热传导系数λ的材料制成。
14.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)由金属制成。
15.如权利要求1所述的照明玻璃窗单元，其特征在于，所述间隔件(6)是所述PCB(41)的整体部分并且由与所述PCB(41)相同的材料制成。
16.一种用于制造根据任一前述权利要求所述的照明玻璃窗单元的方法，包括连续的以下步骤：
(a)提供叠层玻璃窗单元，包括：
- 第一板(1)，其由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面(11)、第二主面(12)和边缘面(13)；
- 第二板(2)，其由无机或有机玻璃制成，具有第一主面(21)、第二主面(22)和边缘面(23)；
- 叠层中间层(5)，其与第一板(1)的第二主面(12)并与第二板(2)的第一主面(21)形成粘性接触，所述叠层中间层(5)具有小于每块玻璃板(1, 2)的范围，并且因而在第一板(1)的第二主面(12)的边缘与第二板(2)的第一主面(21)的边缘之间限定沟槽状空间(8)；
(b)定位包括PCB (41)和多个LED(42)的至少一个LED条，使得LED(42)的发光面(31)面向第一板(2)的边缘面(13)，并且使得PCB通过多个间隔件(6)承靠第二玻璃板(1)的第一主面(21)；以及
(c) 形成由不透明聚合物制成的封装元件(4)，其至少封装第二板的边缘面(23)以及LED条，并且填充第一板(1)的第二主面(12)的边缘与第二板(2)的第一主面(21)的边缘之间的空间(8)。
17.如权利要求16中所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(c)中，包括将热固性单体成分注射到包围所述玻璃窗单元的边缘的模具中，并且将所述注射的成分加热到一温度并加热足够的时间量，以使得其固化。
18.如权利要求17中所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热固性单体成分为包括至少一种聚异氰酸酯和多元醇的成分。
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