CN104082009B - The method of a kind of willow greenhouse seeding and seedling raising - Google Patents
The method of a kind of willow greenhouse seeding and seedling raising Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082009B CN104082009B CN201410336278.6A CN201410336278A CN104082009B CN 104082009 B CN104082009 B CN 104082009B CN 201410336278 A CN201410336278 A CN 201410336278A CN 104082009 B CN104082009 B CN 104082009B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for a kind of willow greenhouse seeding and seedling raising, comprise the following steps: (1) seed collection and modulation; (2) preparation of sowing media; (3) sow; (4) transplant; (5) seedling management.Willow greenhouse of the present invention seeding growing seedlings method, the emergence rate of sowing reaches more than 90%, improves more than 50% than field seedling raising manners, and sowing germination and emergence required time comparatively field nursery shortens 2/3.It is low that this method has seedling cost, easy to operation, seedling breeding planting percent advantages of higher, produces have important application and promotional value in hybridization of willows breeding and seeding and seedling raising.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop breeding field, specifically relate to the method for a kind of willow greenhouse seeding and seedling raising.
Background technology
Willow (Salix) is the general term of Salicaceae (Salicaceae) Salix, and deciduous tree or shrub are the primary seeds of China, also by the artificial cultivation that describes the earliest, one of plant that distribution is the widest.Salix species and cultivars is various, widely distributed, has high humanity and ornamental value, in China's various places afforestation, have very important status.
The crossbreeding of willow, the recombination of genes of Parent can be made, form various dissimilar hybrid generation, thus the improved seeds by selecting incubation proterties to exceed parent, but the vitality of Sead of willon is very easily lost, seeding and seedling raising is the important step of hybridization of willows breeding.Traditional Sead of willon seeding and growing seedling is in large Tanaka, after planting some hybrid emerges for the fastest 3 days, some is then delayed to a Zhou Houcai and emerges, in addition Soil Microorganism is many, after planting seed easily infects damage by disease and insect, seeding ratio is only about 40%, is unfavorable for that excellent and seedling fostering is selected in the breeding of willow, affects completing smoothly of hybridization of willows breeding work.The method of willow greenhouse seeding and seedling raising; in an aseptic environment, by the optimum epidemic disaster of regulation and control seed sprouting, the emergence rate of Sead of willon is drastically increased; and germinate rapidly; to emerge neat and consistent, can guarantee the filial generation material obtaining hybridization of willows breeding, save sowing needs the careful complicated processes making bed wholely; easy to operation; plant shoot survival percent high, by literature search, domestic there is not been reported.
Summary of the invention
The object of invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, cost is low, survival rate is high willow greenhouse seeding growing seedlings method.
A kind of willow greenhouse seeding growing seedlings method, comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection and modulation;
(2) preparation of sowing media: by peat and vermiculite by 2: 1 ~ 3: 1 volume ratio mix, water permeable in loading seedling-cultivating tray, leave standstill in the cool after 3 ~ 4 hours, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution, 800 ~ 1000 times of medicine liquid spray sterilizations, for subsequent use;
(3) sow: the seed gathered after modulation was sowed within 48 hours, by only plant evenly broadcast step (2) matrix in, light pressure seed, makes itself and matrix touch, and being placed into temperature is 22 ~ 25 DEG C, humidity is on the culturing rack in constant temperature greenhouse of 60% ~ 70%, there is provided the illumination that intensity was 1800 ~ 2000 luxs in 10 ~ 12 hours every day, start to emerge after 20 hours, within 24 hours, emergence rate reaches more than 85%, almost all emerge in 48 hours, emergence rate reaches more than 90%.
Seed collection described in step (1) and modulation be preferably: when the capsule of willow fruit bearing shoot becomes light yellow, and have an appointment four/at the beginning blow-of-cottons time collect seed in time, adopt the catkin that parcel seed peelled off gently by rear tweezers, only planted.
Described sowing media preferably by peat and vermiculite by 3: 1 volume ratio mix, load and water permeable in seedling-cultivating tray, leave standstill in the cool after 4 hours, dilute 800 times of medicine liquid sprays with 50% carbendazol wettable powder and sterilize, for subsequent use.
Seed after described step (3) preferred acquisition modulation was sowed within 30 hours, by only plant evenly broadcast step (2) matrix in, light pressure seed, itself and matrix are touched, being placed into temperature is 25 DEG C, humidity is on the culturing rack in constant temperature greenhouse of 70%, provides the illumination that intensity was 2000 luxs in 12 hours every day, starts to emerge after 20 hours.
Method of the present invention preferably also comprises following two steps after step (3):
(4) transplant: can transplant when seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, be in the non-woven container of 8 centimetres to diameter by little transplantation of seedlings, cultivation matrix be peat and yellow soil by 1: 1 ~ 2: 1 volume ratio be mixed, transplant complete water permeable, with 65% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of even spray disinfectants of liquid; Can transplanted seedling be placed in outdoor elements after transplanting, also can be placed in ordinary greenhouse or the greenhouse of the controlled conditions such as common temperature, humidity, illumination;
(5) seedling management: after little transplantation of seedlings in 15 days, should note water management, and keep cultivating container matrix moistening, covering obscurity is the sunshade net of 75%, prevents seedling from burning by Exposure to Sunlight, after growth of seedling stalwartness, can carry out the Routine Management of nursery stock.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is by filtering out specific sowing media, and regulate and control the optimum epidemic disaster of seed sprouting and illumination condition, the cooperation of above-mentioned condition, collaborative onset, drastically increases the emergence rate of Sead of willon, shorten seedling-growing time, germinate rapidly, neat and consistent of emerging, guarantee the filial generation material obtaining hybridization of willows breeding, save sowing and need the careful complicated processes making bed wholely, easy to operation; Meanwhile, as a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, present invention also offers preferred cultivation matrix, kind of a shoot survival percent is had further raising.Willow greenhouse of the present invention seeding growing seedlings method, sowing germination and emergence required time comparatively field nursery shortens 2/3, and emergence rate reaches 90%, improves more than 50% than field seeding mode; It is low that this method has seedling cost, easy to operation, seedling breeding planting percent advantages of higher, produces have important application and promotional value in hybridization of willows breeding and seeding and seedling raising.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) sowing time: to by the end of May at the beginning of 4 months spring, when the capsule of willow fruit bearing shoot becomes light yellow, and have an appointment four/at the beginning blow-of-cottons time collect seed in time, adopt the catkin that parcel seed peelled off gently by rear tweezers, only planted;
(2) being equipped with sowing soil: permeable by watering in each experimental group sowing media loading seedling-cultivating tray, leaving standstill in the cool after 4 hours, diluting 800 times of medicine liquid sprays sterilizations with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, for subsequent use; According to the different formulations of sowing media, 6 experimental group are set altogether, group I: peat and vermiculite mix according to 3: 1 volume ratios; Group II: peat and vermiculite mix according to 2: 1 volume ratios; Group III: peat and vermiculite mix according to 1: 1 volume ratio; Group IV: peat and vermiculite mix according to 4: 1 volume ratios; Group V: yellow soil; Group VI: conventional land for growing field crops soil, takes from willow nursery, forest-science academy of Jiangsu Province.
(3) sow: the seed gathered after modulation was sowed in 30 hours, clean kind after gathering modulation is evenly broadcast in the matrix of step (2), light pressure seed, itself and matrix are touched, being placed into temperature is 25 DEG C, humidity is on the culturing rack in constant temperature greenhouse of 70%, provides the illumination that intensity was 2000 luxs in 12 hours every day, adds up seedling-growing time and emergence rate after emerging;
(4) transplant: can transplant when seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, above-mentioned each group of seedling is all transplanted to the diameter filling cultivation matrix be in the non-woven container of 8 centimetres, transplant complete water permeable, with 65% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of even spray disinfectants of liquid, be positioned over and ventilate in all right outdoor greenhouse without temperature and humidity control equipment, after transplanting a week, add up survival rate; Wherein, the cultivation matrix in non-woven container be peat with yellow soil by 1: 1 volume ratio mix obtained;
(5) seedling management: after little transplantation of seedlings in 15 days, keep cultivating container matrix moistening, covering obscurity is the sunshade net of 75%, prevents seedling from burning by Exposure to Sunlight, after growth of seedling stalwartness, carries out the Routine Management of nursery stock.
The seedling-growing time of each experimental group, go out shoot survival percent, transplanting survival rate in table 1.
Table 1
| Seedling-growing time (my god) | Go out shoot survival percent (%) | |
| Group I | 1 | 95.5％ |
| Group II | 1 | 90.5％ |
| Group III | 1.5 | 80％ |
| Group IV | 1 | 83.2％ |
| Group V | 2 | 65％ |
| Group VI | 5 days | 40％ |
Embodiment 2
(1) sowing time: to by the end of May at the beginning of 4 months spring, when the capsule of willow fruit bearing shoot becomes light yellow, and have an appointment four/at the beginning blow-of-cottons time collect seed in time, adopt the catkin that parcel seed peelled off gently by rear tweezers, only planted;
(2) be equipped with sowing soil: by peat and vermiculite by 3: 1 volume ratio mix, load and water permeable, standing after 4 hours in the cool in seedling-cultivating tray, dilute 800 times of medicine liquid sprays with 50% carbendazol wettable powder and sterilize, for subsequent use;
(3) sow: the seed gathered after modulation was sowed in 30 hours, clean kind after gathering modulation is evenly broadcast in the matrix of step (2), light pressure seed, itself and matrix are touched, being placed into temperature is 25 DEG C, and humidity is on the culturing rack in constant temperature greenhouse of 70%, provides the illumination that intensity was 2000 luxs in 12 hours every day, start to emerge after 20 hours, within 24 hours, emergence rate reaches 91%;
(4) transplant: can transplant when seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, above-mentioned each group of seedling is all transplanted to the diameter filling cultivation matrix be in the non-woven container of 8 centimetres, transplant complete water permeable, with 65% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of even spray disinfectants of liquid, be positioned over and ventilate in all right outdoor greenhouse without temperature and humidity control equipment, survival rate is added up, in table 2 after transplanting a week; Wherein, according to the different formulations of cultivation matrix, 5 experimental group are set altogether, group 1: peat and yellow soil mix by the volume ratio of 1: 1; Group 2: peat and yellow soil mix by the volume ratio of 2: 1; Group 3: yellow soil; Group 4: peat and vermiculite mix according to 1: 1 volume ratio; Group 5: conventional land for growing field crops soil, takes from willow nursery, forest-science academy of Jiangsu Province;
(5) seedling management: after little transplantation of seedlings in 15 days, keep cultivating container matrix moistening, covering obscurity is the sunshade net of 75%, prevents seedling from burning by Exposure to Sunlight, after growth of seedling stalwartness, carries out the Routine Management of nursery stock.
Table 2
| Transplanting survival rate (%) | |
| Group 1 | 97％ |
| Group 2 | 95％ |
| Group 3 | 80％ |
| Group 4 | 73％ |
| Group 5 | 50％ |
Embodiment 3
(1) sowing time: to by the end of May at the beginning of 4 months spring, when the capsule of willow fruit bearing shoot becomes light yellow, and have an appointment four/at the beginning blow-of-cottons time collect seed in time, adopt the catkin that parcel seed peelled off gently by rear tweezers, only planted;
(2) be equipped with sowing soil: by peat and vermiculite by 3: 1 volume ratio mix, load and water permeable, standing after 4 hours in the cool in seedling-cultivating tray, dilute 800 times of medicine liquid sprays with 50% carbendazol wettable powder and sterilize, for subsequent use;
(3) sow: the seed gathered after modulation is sowed after 30 hours, clean kind after gathering modulation is evenly broadcast in the matrix of step (2), light pressure seed, itself and matrix are touched, being placed into temperature is 25 DEG C, humidity is on the culturing rack in constant temperature greenhouse of 70%, provides the illumination that intensity was 2000 luxs in 12 hours every day, adds up seedling-growing time and go out shoot survival percent after emerging; To arrange in conventional booth (namely without the common booth of temperature and humidity control and illumination control) as a control group 1 and be placed on outdoor as a control group 2 respectively, control group 1 is identical with experimental group with the sowing media of 2;
(4) transplant: can transplant when seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, be in the non-woven container of 8 centimetres by experimental group and the little transplantation of seedlings of control group 1 to the diameter filling cultivation matrix, transplant complete water permeable, with 65% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of even spray disinfectants of liquid, be placed in outdoor, after transplanting a week, add up survival rate; The cultivation matrix of experimental group, control group 1 and 2 be peat and yellow soil by 2: 1 volume ratio be mixed;
(5) seedling management: after little transplantation of seedlings in 15 days, keep cultivating container matrix moistening, covering obscurity is the sunshade net of 75%, prevents seedling from burning by Exposure to Sunlight, after growth of seedling stalwartness, carries out the Routine Management of nursery stock.
The seedling-growing time of each group, go out shoot survival percent, transplanting survival rate in table 3.
Table 3
| Seedling-growing time (my god) | Go out shoot survival percent (%) | Transplanting survival rate (%) | |
| Experimental group | 1 | 97％ | 95％ |
| Control group 1 | 2 | 75％ | 95％ |
| Control group 2 | 4 | 70％ | 95％ |
Of the present invention go out shoot survival percent and transplanting survival rate computing formula as follows:
Go out shoot survival percent=emerge and survive number/sowing seed number * 100%
Number of live vaccine/transplanted seedling number * 100% is become after transplanting survival rate=transplanting.
Claims (4)
1. a willow greenhouse seeding growing seedlings method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collection and modulation;
(2) preparation of sowing media: mixed with the volume ratio of vermiculite by 2:1 ~ 3:1 by peat, waters permeable in loading seedling-cultivating tray, leave standstill after 3 ~ 4 hours in the cool, with 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution, 800 ~ 1000 times of medicine liquid sprays sterilizations, for subsequent use;
(3) sow: the seed gathered after modulation was sowed within 48 hours, by only plant evenly broadcast step (2) matrix in, light pressure seed, itself and matrix are touched, being placed into temperature is 22 ~ 25 DEG C, humidity is on the culturing rack in constant temperature greenhouse of 60 ~ 70%, provides the illumination that intensity was 1800 ~ 2000 luxs in 10 ~ 12 hours every day, starts to emerge after 20 hours;
(4) transplant: be in the non-woven container of 8 centimetres to diameter by little transplantation of seedlings when seedling grows 2 ~ 3 true leaves, cultivation matrix in container is that peat and yellow soil are mixed by the volume ratio of 1:1 ~ 2:1, transplant complete water permeable, with 65% Zineb wettable powder, 500 times of even spray disinfectants of liquid;
(5) seedling management: after little transplantation of seedlings in 15 days, notes water management, and keep cultivating container matrix moistening, covering obscurity is the sunshade net of 75%, prevents seedling from burning by Exposure to Sunlight, after growth of seedling stalwartness, carries out the Routine Management of nursery stock.
2. willow greenhouse according to claim 1 seeding growing seedlings method, it is characterized in that the seed collection described in step (1) and modulation: when the capsule of willow fruit bearing shoot becomes light yellow, and have four/at the beginning blow-of-cottons time collect seed in time, peel off the catkin of parcel seed after adopting gently, only planted.
3. willow greenhouse according to claim 1 seeding growing seedlings method, it is characterized in that the sowing media described in step (2) is mixed with the volume ratio of vermiculite by 3:1 by peat, water permeable in loading seedling-cultivating tray, leave standstill in the cool after 4 hours, 800 times of medicine liquid spray sterilizations are diluted with 50% carbendazol wettable powder, for subsequent use.
4. willow greenhouse according to claim 1 seeding growing seedlings method, it is characterized in that the seed after step (3) collection modulation was sowed within 30 hours, by only plant evenly broadcast step (2) matrix in, light pressure seed, itself and matrix are touched, and being placed into temperature is 25 DEG C, and humidity is on the culturing rack in constant temperature greenhouse of 70%, the illumination that intensity was 2000 luxs in 12 hours is provided every day, starts to emerge after 20 hours.
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| CN107094607A (en) * | 2017-05-07 | 2017-08-29 | 陆志青 | A kind of willow seeding growing seedlings method |
| CN107114186A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-01 | 安徽梅兰园林景观工程有限公司 | A kind of willow method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN116548308B (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2024-08-02 | 山东滨州国家农业科技园区管理服务中心(滨州黄河三角洲高效生态产业现代技术研究院) | One-step rooting culture medium for willow explants and rooting tissue culture method |
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| CN1121387A (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1996-05-01 | 车春光 | Artificial asexual grow seedling method for red salix triandra L. |
| CN1276962A (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2000-12-20 | 于晓琴 | Grandifoliate weeping willow breeding and cultivating technology |
| CN1973615A (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2007-06-06 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Seedling growing process for pyramidal willow |
| KR100832336B1 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2008-05-26 | 김인한 | Method for planting hydrophyte on the bed of watercourse using fiber port |
| CN101268742B (en) * | 2008-05-26 | 2010-07-14 | 王文成 | Salt-free grass-prevention seeding and seedling raising method for tamarix plants |
| PL213441B1 (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2013-03-29 | Univ Warminsko Mazurski W Olsztynie | Method of establishing the willow plantation |
| CN102487623B (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-12-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Willow hybrid seed germination method |
| CN103688837B (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2015-08-26 | 浙江大学 | A kind of Nanchuan willow seed propagation method and application |
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