CN104054563A - Practical and efficient production method of nutrient matrix materials of soilless cultivated vegetables and flowers - Google Patents
Practical and efficient production method of nutrient matrix materials of soilless cultivated vegetables and flowers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a practical and efficient production method of nutrient matrix materials of soilless cultivated vegetables and flowers. The method comprises the following steps: selecting grayish green clinoptilolites with main components such as silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide and the like; selecting medical stones with main components such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, magnesium oxide and the like; selecting clay mineral calcium bentonite with main components of montmorillonite; selecting and using large-grained gardening perlite; grinding the 5 materials to be 0.2 to 1 mm in particle diameter and 5.5 to 7.0 in PH value and using the grinded materials as the main raw materials; selecting natural high quality calcium bentonite and grinding the bentonite to be 0.2 to 1 mm in particle diameter and 5.5 to 7.0 in PH value; using compound fertilizer bentonite prepared from the calcium bentonite through adopting a special technology as the main raw materials; selecting coconut shell powder, bagasse, peanut shells and a bio-organic fertilizer as auxiliary raw materials; grinding after fermentation of the auxiliary materials to be 0.2 to 1 mm in particle diameter and 5.5 to 7.0 in PH value and using the grinded auxiliary materials as the preparation materials; selecting high quality river sands; preparing by using the 10 kinds of raw materials each in a proportion of 10%.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of zeolite powder, medical stone powder, crushed crude pearlite, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite etc. and make soilless culture main matrix material and preparation technology thereof, particularly adopting coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, river sand, biological organic fertilizer is an auxiliary material, in each 10% ratio mixed preparing, forms for planting a kind of nutrient matrix material and the production technology thereof of vegetable soilless culture and flowers.Belong to agriculture cultivation technology field.
Background technology:
Summary of the invention:
Vegetable soilless culture is a significant innovation in production technology, and it is an emerging production technology in facilities horticulture in recent decades, is one of main direction of facilities horticulture.Both at home and abroad newest research results shows: soilless culture is no longer only one-side technical measures relevant with soil, root system, but formed that a kind of highly dense is technically supporting, reach in scientific optimization, production in management and realize high yield, high-quality, low consumption, the efficient agriculture production technology new system requiring, there is various advantages.Therefore, soilless culture is to realize vegetables to produce the novel planting type to batch production, scale, intensive conversion by traditional flower garden.Its application in agricultural production, has not only changed the production form of traditional farming, and production technology content and production effect has been produced to qualitative leap and deep effect.In China, along with progress and the development of agricultural cience and farming techniques, soilless culture is just strided forward to production development application by field of scientific study.
At present, known vegetable soilless culture has water planting (nutrient fluid cultivation) mode and solid matrix material cultivation method.Water planting vegetables, refer to that most of root growth is in nutrient solution liquid layer layer, only by nutrient solution, for it, provide the vegetables of cultivating under traditional soil cultivation form that are different from of moisture, nutrient, oxygen.The vegetables routine of solid matrix material cultivation is to utilize the materials such as the crops straw of rice husk, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and fermentation and animal excrements, be mixed with according to a certain percentage after treatment cultivation matrix, can meet the required nutriment of vegetable growth, carry out vegetables in day-light greenhouse soilless culture.With the most use is to adopt grit, peat, vermiculite, coconut palm chaff, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. as fixedly substrate culture.But these traditional soilless culture substrate planting types all exist very large defect, the shortcoming of soilless culture mainly contains following 2 points: the one, and initial one-time investment is large.Adopting what mode to carry out soilless culture all needs the materials such as cultivating facility, fertilizer and water, and comparing with earth culture all to have a considerable investment; The 2nd, soilless culture management (comprising preparation, the adjustment of nutrient solution) certain know-how of needs, requiring has the people of some special knowledges to carry out precision management.
Chinese invention patent ZL201210177068.8 (inventor: Guo Maoqing, Granted publication day: on 04 02nd, 2014) a kind of production method of practicality and high efficiency soilless cultivating flowers Nutrition Soil is disclosed, it is that to take zeolite powder, medical stone powder, crushed crude pearlite be primary raw material, and mainly using the hard effect of resistive connection of medical stone powder and zeolite powder to mix use is primary raw material.Its production method is: selecting to have silica, alundum (Al2O3) etc. is the oblique fermentation material celadon zeolite of Main Ingredients and Appearance, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 is for getting the raw materials ready; Selection has silica, alundum (Al2O3), potassium oxide, sodium oxide molybdena, magnesia etc. for the medical stone of Main Ingredients and Appearance, the main trace element that uses it and 13 rare earth elements and resistive connection act on firmly, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 is for getting the raw materials ready; Select bulky grain gardening perlite, through being crushed to 0.2-11mm particle diameter for getting the raw materials ready; Select high-quality river sand, after high temperature is exposed to the sun for getting the raw materials ready; The wood chip sawdust of getting the raw materials ready, river sand, zeolite powder, medical stone powder, five kinds of raw materials of crushed crude pearlite are fully uniformly mixed rear meticulously formulated by 20% scope configuration proportion.
The method exists a lot of defects in actual application.As nutrient component, collocation is not very balanced ideal, and biological organic fertilizer content is little, not comprehensive nutrition, and transplanting property is not strong, and adaptive surface is wideless, only adapts to plants and flowers plantation, and growing vegetables effect is not fine.
The object of the invention is the defect for above-mentioned prior art, a kind of more practical, more scientific production method is provided, is the Improvement and perfection for aforementioned production method, and after improving, technical scheme practicality is higher, and novelty is stronger.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The present invention is that to take zeolite powder, medical stone powder, crushed crude pearlite, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite etc. be soilless culture Major Nutrient material and preparation technology thereof, spy is separately that a kind of employing coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, river sand, biological organic fertilizer are auxiliary material, in each 10% ratio mixed preparing, forms for planting a kind of nutrient matrix material and the production technology thereof of vegetable soilless culture and flowers.The Major Nutrient material preparation process improving after innovation increases calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite, and increase coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, organic bio-fertilizer are auxiliary material.The technology novelty of improving after innovation is stronger, and practicality is higher, and technology is more stable, and survival rate is higher, and adaptive surface is wider, is widely used in all kinds of economic crops such as planting vegetable, flowers.
Technical scheme:
The present invention is the production method of a kind of practicality and high efficiency vegetable soilless culture and nutrient medium for flowers material, that to take zeolite powder, medical stone powder, crushed crude pearlite, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite be main nutrient composition raw material, take coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, river sand, biological organic fertilizer is auxiliary material, in each 10% ratio mixed preparing, forms for planting a kind of nutrient matrix material and the production technology thereof of vegetable soilless culture and flowers.Its technological process is technique, the technique of getting the raw materials ready, mixing procedure by fermentation.Coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, biological organic fertilizer, through science biofermentation, are made and can be retained compared with multiple nutritive components.Its production method is: select high-quality river sand, through 1-2 days high temperature, be exposed to the sun, or get the raw materials ready after adopting sterilization and disinfection; It is the oblique fermentation material celadon zeolite of Main Ingredients and Appearance that selection has silica, alundum (Al2O3) etc., through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready; Selection has silica, alundum (Al2O3), potassium oxide, sodium oxide molybdena, magnesia etc. for the medical stone of Main Ingredients and Appearance, the main trace element that uses it and 13 rare earth elements and agglomeration resistance effect, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready; The calcareous bentonite of clay mineral that montmorillonite is main component is take in selection, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready; Select natural high-quality calcium-base bentonite to get the raw materials ready through the refining composite fertilizer's bentonite forming of special process; Selecting coconut palm chaff nature dried and crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, the pH value fermenting is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready; After selecting the bagasse fermenting naturally to dry, be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready; After selecting the peanut shell fermenting naturally to dry, be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready; Select after the biological organic fertilizer hyperthermia drying sterilization fermenting and be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready; Select bulky grain gardening perlite, be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter and get the raw materials ready.The zeolite powder of getting the raw materials ready, medical stone powder, crushed crude pearlite, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite, coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, river sand, 10 kinds of raw materials of biological organic fertilizer are fully uniformly mixed rear meticulously formulated by each 10% configuration proportion.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, solved former invention take zeolite powder, medical stone powder, crushed crude pearlite as the former material nutrient of main nutrient composition comprehensive not, increase calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite is main nutrient composition raw material, it is auxiliary material that coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, biological organic fertilizer are take in increase, nutrition coordinates more scientific reasonable, technical performance is more stable, plantation adaptive surface is wider, is applied to especially vegetables higher with all kinds of plant survival rates of plantation.
2, particularly increase that to take coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, biological organic fertilizer be raw material, through science biofermentation, make and can retain compared with multiple nutritive components, through the coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, the biological organic fertilizer that ferment after rotting, comprehensive nutrition, can not make the many nitrogen of plant lack phosphorus potassium, and quality is loose, dry wet moderate, be a kind of easy soilless culture material, be again a kind of good ecological fertilizer.
3, zeolite powder has very strong adsorptivity, moisture and nutrient effect to absorption plant are fine, be used in the upper releasability that improves phosphorus of plants and flowers Culture media improvement, and the slow releasing function of conventional ternary (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), insecticidal and antibacterial is also had to extraordinary effect.
4, medical stone has adsorptivity, dissolubility, modulability, and medical stone powder can be stabilized and increased, the physics function of balanced nutrients soil, than other soil conditioner, more has superiority.Use medical stone powder can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, soil conditioner, and can economical, effectively improve soil property, protection of the environment.Medical stone can also regulate acid-base value automatically, and its adjustable range, from faintly acid PH5 to alkalescent PH11, all can tune to nearly neutral 7.2 to 8.7.
5, calcareous bentonite is the clay mineral that the montmorillonite of take is main component with numerous mineral associations.Calcareous bentonite has stronger water imbibition, expansibility, adsorptivity, adhesivity and cation exchange etc.Also contain some required conventional elements of animal and plant growth, as phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, copper, radium, titanium, chromium, vanadium, iron, zinc etc.China is applied to have the promotion and application that amount of literature data is documented in this respect aspect agricultural production and income, improvement soil at calcareous bentonite.But the soilless culture substrate material that the combination of calcareous bentonite and zeolite powder, medical stone powder, composite fertilizer's bentonite etc. is re-dubbed in technical solution of the present invention is still pioneering, calcareous bentonite can supplement conventional nutritive element in the technology of the present invention, stabilize and increase, the physics function of balanced nutrients soil, effectively improve host material, can also adsorb poisonous and harmful substance, pollution-free to soil, preserve moisture and fertility, strengthens antiacid alkali buffer capacity.
6, composite fertilizer's bentonite is after simple processing, to be directly used in the mineral fertilizer that fertilizer, soil melioration and additive etc. are used.Composite fertilizer's bentonite contains number of chemical element, after being manured into soil, energy imbibition changes the ratio of solid, liquid, gas in soil, make loosing soil, water conservation, fertilizer conservation are free from environmental pollution again, be the effective soil conditioner in arid area, have a large amount of documents and materials to record the utilization of composite fertilizer's bentonite in agricultural [technology.But still pioneering in the utilization of cultivation technique without soil of the present invention, the soilless culture substrate material that the combination of composite fertilizer's bentonite and zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite etc. is re-dubbed, to there is well loose material, well water conservation, function of fertilizer retention equally.Facts have proved, the effect that the combinations such as composite fertilizer's bentonite application and zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite are the most useful is that the loose and resistive connection of texture material is acted on firmly, stack and do not lump, increase nutrient, fertilizer efficiency slowly discharges, reduce and run off, improvement material is loose ventilative, and effect is than better for nature soil.
7, perlite light weight, air capacity of soils are good, contain 100% pure inorganic cultivation matrix, stable physical-chemical indexes, and perlitic porous has greatly promoted that the imaginary root of plant is g and D, also can be used as thinner and the carrier of insecticide and weed killer herbicide.
8, river sand permeability is good, is applicable to mixing with other material the draining that improves host material Nutrition Soil, also plays the effect of neutralizing acid basicity, and cost is very low.
9, chaff coconut palm is current popular gardening medium, is one of natural soilless culture organic media.Coconut palm chaff is used for cultivating plant and has many good qualities.1, good moisture capacity: can fully keep moisture and nutrient, reduce the loss of moisture and nutrient, be conducive to root system of plant and well absorb nutrient and moisture in process of growth, be conducive to the growth of plant.2, good gas permeability: prevent the root system corrosion of plant, promote plant root growth, can soil protection, avoid causing sliming.3, there is natural decomposition rate slowly, be conducive to extend the operating period of matrix.Research and the application of chaff coconut palm aspect agricultural production improvement soil and plants and flowers plantation, existing amount of literature data is recorded.In practice, find, also there are a lot of defects in chaff coconut palm in using separately.As: resource is fewer and feweri; Light weight, plant is unstable, can only be applicable to planting plantlet; Not comprehensive nutrition, the planting plants life-span is not long, and leaf easily turns to be yellow; Root system is undeveloped, and plant is not tough and tensile, and a lot of plants can not be planted with coconut palm chaff, and adaptive surface is wideless; Particularly transplanting property is not strong, plant earth is rinsed well to rear direct with coconut palm chaff, to transplant plantation survival rate very low etc.But the soilless culture substrate material that chaff coconut palm is re-dubbed in the present invention just can change these defects.Facts have proved, the combination of chaff coconut palm and zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite, can bring into play the better moisture capacity of chaff coconut palm, gas permeability and the effect of natural decomposition rate, be used for planting flowers plant strong sturdy, well developed root system, dark green glossy anti-green fast, this is that coconut palm chaff is innovated and uses in the technology of the present invention, has very high novelty and practicality.
Dregs when 10, bagasse is cane sugar manufacture after squeezing.The sugar of sugarcane consists of sucrose, fructose, three kinds of compositions of glucose, and utilization is very easily absorbed by the body.The trace element that also contains the needed by human such as iron, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc of volume.Bagasse is reasonably combined the technology of the present invention and zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite, as soilless culture substrate material, for planting vegetable, has base of leaf stout and strong, dark green glossy, increases molasses element, the sweet crisp feature such as good to eat.Bagasse is widely used in boiler oil, and paper pulp, fiber board and feed processing etc. are still pioneering for planting vegetable from soilless culture.
11, peanut shell.Peanut shell, as the offcuts of agricultural product, has rich in natural resources in China.In peanut shell, contain a large amount of organic compounds, as lignin, cellulose, protein, sitosterol, saponin etc.In recent years, both at home and abroad the comprehensive utilization of peanut shell is conducted in-depth research, peanut shell is mainly as feedstuff or fuel.And it is still pioneering for planting vegetable and flowers in the technology of the present invention.Peanut shell and zeolite powder in the technology of the present invention, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite reasonably combined, be conducive to loose ventilative, balanced nutrients composition, increase organic principle, for planting vegetable, melon and fruit, can increase the sweet crisp good to eat of vegetables, fruit is fresh and tender, and effect is fine.
12, biological organic fertilizer.Biological organic fertilizer is a kind of nutrient material forming after science fermentation with feces of livestock and poultry.Biological organic fertilizer nutritive element is complete, can improve rhizosphere microorganisms of crops group, biological organic fertilizer and zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite reasonably combined, be conducive to improve fertilizer content, improve the diseases and insect pests resistance of plant, can effectively improve the fixing of nutrient and be difficult for running off.
13, find in practice reasonably combined for soilless culture substrate material planting vegetable and flowers with zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite, the physics function that has good balanced nutrients material, moisture and the nutrient of absorption plant, and to the hard and loose permeation functions of the resistive connection of host material.
14, the soilless culture substrate nutrient material that the method is re-dubbed has nutritious, and fertilizer efficiency is lasting, and environmentally-friendly sanitary is dry and comfortable ventilative, be difficult for rotten, reuse, be difficult for knot hard, transplanting property is strong, adapt to widely, nonpoisonous and tasteless, sterilization is antibacterial, and disease and insect resistance texts is fine.
15, all very high for planting flowers survival rate, after can be used for directly the plants and flowers of earth plantation being rinsed well, change this Breeding plantation anti-green very fast, dark green glossy, well developed root system, than the mud absolute predominance of growing flower, reduce required great amount of cost of plant growth cycle, instant effect, production cost is low, for seed or seedling fostering flowers, has growth soon, well developed root system, the advantages such as base of leaf is stout and strong, and plant is tough and tensile are the desirable cultivation matrix materials of large area production development soilless cultivating flowers.
16, for planting vegetable, there is clean hygiene, economize the land resource, reduce environmental pollution, reduce insect pest, well developed root system, plant is tough and tensile, and base of leaf is stout and strong, and the sweet crisp feature such as good to eat, is desirable development soilless culture Non-pollution Vegetable Technique.
17, as base manure and the use of topdressing, be widely used in growing cane, the economic crops such as watermelon, fruit tree, beans, use safety, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, improves disease and insect resistance and cold resistance ability, and loose soil property texts is fine.
18, the soilless culture substrate nutrient material nutrient component that the method is re-dubbed be mainly after fermentation the biological machine such as coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell fertile, and the natural mineral matter nutrient component of zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite, the composite rear formation of composite fertilizer's bentonite,, containing any harmful artificial synthetic chemistry hormone composition, not the desirable patented technology of pollution-free vegetable of developping production.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described with enforcement:
accompanying drawingit is process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment:
A kind of practicality and high efficiency vegetable soilless culture of the specific embodiment of the invention and the production method of nutrient medium for flowers material are implemented by following three steps:
One, zymotechnique
1, the fermentation of coconut palm chaff.The coconut palm chaff fermenting can reduce its salinity and conductivity, increases organic nutrition composition, improves the survival rate of planting plants.
(1), get the raw materials ready.1 cubic metre of coconut palm chaff, 1 kilogram, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 kilograms, rice bran, can suitably add some bio-fermentation agents, accelerates course of fermentation.
(2), moisture.First will measure the water content of coconut palm chaff, could determine amount of water, the water content of the coconut palm chaff that ferment is transferred to 60-65%, to grab one with hand, it is standard that webs do not fall water, and moisture content is too high or too low is all unfavorable for fermentation.
(3), convert material.1 kilogram of 1 kilogram of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is converted to suitable quantity of water, make mixing water and puddle in rice bran, be evenly sprinkled among the coconut palm chaff material of wanting fermentation process.
(4), windrow.The above-mentioned raw material urea water preparing, potassium dihydrogen phosphate water, rice bran are sprinkling upon on coconut palm chaff, and adding Rice Bran thing is to be of value to microbial growth, then coconut palm chaff is piled to raft, has piled gas permeability covering on bonnet.
(5), overturning.The coconut palm chaff of having piled is through 7-10 days, fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃ of left and right, under 60 ℃ of left and right hot conditions, process can be stirred once for 24-36 hour, and then wait until when temperature reaches 60 ℃, stir for the second time, stir for the second time the rear 5-7 days that naturally places, fermentation temperature is stabilized in 40 ℃ and just completes below fermentation.
2, the fermentation of peanut shell.The microbial fermentation processes of peanut shell is simple to operate, gets 50-60% peanut shell, mixed with corn flour approximately 30%, dregs of beans approximately 10%, and the usage amount of fermenting agent is pressed 1-2 ‰ and is added.Fermenting agent and each material are fully mixed, then poach, material water ratio general control is between 65%-75%.Its judgement way is: the fermentation materials of mixing is kept a firm hand on to one, and webs water breakthrough prints but do not drip, and unclamps to land and can scatter for suitable.If energy expressed water juice, lands and do not scatter, moisture content is greater than 75%, too dry too wet all unfavorable, should adjust.After poach, directly stack and be, in clean concrete floor or fermentation vat, at natural temperature lower seal, to add a cover plastic film sealing and fermenting about 15 days.
3, the fermentation of bagasse.
(1), get the raw materials ready.1 cubic metre of bagasse, 1 kilogram, urea, 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 kilograms, rice bran, can suitably add some bio-fermentation agents, accelerates course of fermentation.
(2), moisture.First will measure the water content of bagasse, could determine amount of water, the water content of the bagasse that ferment is transferred to 60-65%, to grab one with hand, it is standard that webs do not fall water, and moisture content is too high or too low is all unfavorable for fermentation.
(3), convert material.1 kilogram of 1 kilogram of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is converted to suitable quantity of water, make mixing water and puddle in rice bran, be evenly sprinkled among the bagasse material of wanting fermentation process.
(4), windrow.The above-mentioned raw material urea water preparing, potassium dihydrogen phosphate water, rice bran are sprinkling upon on bagasse, and adding Rice Bran thing is to be of value to microbial growth, then bagasse is piled to raft, has piled gas permeability covering on bonnet.
(5), overturning.The bagasse of having piled is through 7-10 days, fermentation temperature reaches 60 ℃ of left and right, under 60 ℃ of left and right hot conditions, process can be stirred once for 24-36 hour, and then wait until when temperature reaches 60 ℃, stir for the second time, stir for the second time the rear 5-7 days that naturally places, fermentation temperature is stabilized in 40 ℃ and just completes below fermentation.
4, biological organic fertilizer fermentation.Biological organic fertilizer is semi supplied manure, not only contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, also contains other element and the trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, can meet all sidedly the needs of plant nutrition.Adopt animal wastes compost fermentation, add the loose material fermentations such as suitable stalk.
Method of operating: with bag vigor 99 compost quick composting agent, accelerate course of fermentation, 1000 kilograms of mixing wet feeds ferment.Stalk pretreatment: straw straw does not need to process, and cornstalk will cut up with a hay cutter in 20 centimetres, or break process, or tractor rolls brokenly or breaks processing, and if do not prescind processing, the fermentation time of long stalk needs proper extension.The addition of stalk: stalk material: muck material=300～800: 700～200, stalk also can be used forage, climing rattan, edible mushroom chaff, peanut shell, pod shell class etc.Add water: control water content in 70% left and right, the general amount of water of dry straw is 1: 1.8, then adds muck material, if fresh straw suitably reduces amount of water, if excrement material is done, must add the excrement material amount water of 1: 1.Batching operation: auxiliary one deck stalk or forage, spill one deck bacterial classification mixture, spill one deck muck material, in stalk ratio, spill the drenched stalk of water one time again, suitably several lower simple mixing of rake again, until 1000 kilograms of stalks and excrement material are all auxiliary complete, require high minimum 80 centimeters of heap, half wet stalk covering for one deck topmost when compost (particularly winter can play insulation effect), if meet rainy day, can with plastic film, cover simply, but do not need sealing, except winter, the fine day of every day can be raised plastic film once in time, be beneficial to the aerobic fermentation of ventilating, for the awning that hides rain that also can be again arrange above material with good conditionsi of taking shelter from rain, prevent that rainwater from drenching.Loose metal: suitably loose metal once, fully ripe to strengthen fermentation, ordinary material can reach more than 50～70 ℃ by (winter is slow) internal temperature in fermentation 1～2 day, then remains to after the 3rd day, i.e. suggestion can start loose metal and process, available wooden stick or long rake insert in material loosening several under, after several days, if temperature surpasses 65 ℃, loose metal again, general loose metal 2 times, temperature keeps relatively constant after fermentation just to complete.Fermentation successfully sign is: material has not had the stink of ight soil completely, has on the contrary the fragranced after kind of light biofermentation, is covered with a large amount of white hyphas in heap.
Two, the technique of getting the raw materials ready:
(1) coconut palm chaff is got the raw materials ready.After the coconut palm chaff fermenting is dried naturally, be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
(2) bagasse is got the raw materials ready.After the bagasse fermenting is dried naturally, be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
(3) peanut shell is got the raw materials ready.After the peanut shell fermenting is dried naturally, be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
(4) biological organic fertilizer is got the raw materials ready.By being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter after the biological organic fertilizer hyperthermia drying sterilization fermenting, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
(5) river sand is got the raw materials ready.Select high-quality river sand, through 1-2 days high temperature, be exposed to the sun, or get the raw materials ready after adopting sterilization and disinfection.
(6) zeolite powder is got the raw materials ready.It is the oblique fermentation material celadon zeolite of Main Ingredients and Appearance that selection has silica, alundum (Al2O3) etc., through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
(7) medical stone powder is got the raw materials ready.Selection has silica, alundum (Al2O3), potassium oxide, sodium oxide molybdena, magnesia etc. for the medical stone of Main Ingredients and Appearance, the main trace element that uses it and 13 rare earth elements and agglomeration resistance effect, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
(8) perlite is got the raw materials ready.Select bulky grain gardening perlite, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, get the raw materials ready.
(9) calcareous bentonite is got the raw materials ready.The calcareous bentonite of clay mineral that montmorillonite is main component is take in selection, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
(10) composite fertilizer's bentonite is got the raw materials ready.Select natural high-quality calcium-base bentonite to be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is 5.5-7.0, through the refining composite fertilizer's bentonite forming of special process, get the raw materials ready.
Three, mixing procedure
The coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, the biological organic fertilizer that by getting the raw materials ready, ferment, and after zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite powder, composite fertilizer's bentonite powder, river sand, 10 kinds of raw materials of crushed crude pearlite be fully uniformly mixed by 10% configuration proportion, spray sterilization treatment, packed products.
Claims (11)
1. the production method of a practicality and high efficiency vegetable soilless culture and nutrient medium for flowers material, it is characterized in that with zeolite powder, medical stone powder, crushed crude pearlite, calcareous bentonite, composite fertilizer's bentonite is main nutrient composition raw material, with coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, river sand, biological organic fertilizer is auxiliary material, particularly with coconut palm chaff, bagasse, peanut shell, biological organic fertilizer is raw material, through science biofermentation, make and can retain compared with multiple nutritive components, the coconut palm chaff fermenting getting the raw materials ready, bagasse, peanut shell, biological organic fertilizer, and zeolite powder, medical stone powder, calcareous bentonite powder, composite fertilizer's bentonite powder, river sand, after 10 kinds of raw materials of crushed crude pearlite are fully uniformly mixed by 10% configuration proportion, spray sterilization treatment, packed products.
2. zeolite powder main nutrient composition raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, selecting to have silica, alundum (Al2O3) etc. is the oblique fermentation material celadon zeolite of Main Ingredients and Appearance, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
3. medical stone powder main nutrient composition raw material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, selection has silica, alundum (Al2O3), potassium oxide, sodium oxide molybdena, magnesia etc. for the medical stone of Main Ingredients and Appearance, the main trace element that uses it and 13 rare earth elements and agglomeration resistance effect, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
4. crushed crude pearlite main nutrient composition raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, selects bulky grain gardening perlite, is crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter and gets the raw materials ready.
5. calcareous bentonite main nutrient composition raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, selects to take the calcareous bentonite of clay mineral that montmorillonite is main component, through being crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is that 5.5-7.0 gets the raw materials ready.
6. composite fertilizer according to claim 1 bentonite main nutrient composition raw material, is characterized in that, selects natural high-quality calcium-base bentonite to be crushed to 0.2-1mm particle diameter, pH value is 5.5-7.0, through the refining composite fertilizer's bentonite forming of special process, gets the raw materials ready.
7. river sand according to claim 1 helps raw material for paving, it is characterized in that, selects high-quality river sand, is exposed to the sun, or gets the raw materials ready after adopting sterilization and disinfection through 1-2 days high temperature.
8. coconut palm chaff according to claim 1 helps raw material for paving, it is characterized in that, through science biofermentation, makes to retain and gets the raw materials ready compared with multiple nutritive components.
9. bagasse according to claim 1 helps raw material for paving, it is characterized in that, through science biofermentation, makes to retain and gets the raw materials ready compared with multiple nutritive components.
10. peanut shell according to claim 1 helps raw material for paving, it is characterized in that, through science biofermentation, makes to retain and gets the raw materials ready compared with multiple nutritive components.
11. biological organic fertilizers according to claim 1 help raw material for paving, it is characterized in that, through science biofermentation, make to retain and get the raw materials ready compared with multiple nutritive components.
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| CN107801600A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-16 | 真果乐（河南）农业技术有限公司 | A kind of fruits and vegetables cultivation bed soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN108812164A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-16 | 许美凤 | A kind of flowers cultural method |
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| CN112189535A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-08 | 襄阳职业技术学院 | Pepper seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
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