CN104023938B - 由单个熔体形成不同塑料产品的系统和方法 - Google Patents
由单个熔体形成不同塑料产品的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104023938B CN104023938B CN201280065322.3A CN201280065322A CN104023938B CN 104023938 B CN104023938 B CN 104023938B CN 201280065322 A CN201280065322 A CN 201280065322A CN 104023938 B CN104023938 B CN 104023938B
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- melt
- extruder
- product
- additive
- plastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/025—General arrangement or layout of plant
- B29C48/0255—General arrangement or layout of plant for extruding parallel streams of material, e.g. several separate parallel streams of extruded material forming separate articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
- B29B7/748—Plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
- B29B7/7485—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants with consecutive mixers, e.g. with premixing some of the components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
- B29B9/065—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion under-water, e.g. underwater pelletizers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/025—General arrangement or layout of plant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/17—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components having different colours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
- B29C48/29—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in liquid form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/365—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pumps, e.g. piston pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
- B29C48/38—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
- B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C48/67—Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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Abstract
提供在单个熔化过程中制成不同塑料产品(202、204)的系统(200)和方法。方法包括在第一挤出机(104)中熔化塑料树脂以形成熔体(106)并将熔体的至少一部分输送到第二挤出机(114)。未被输送到第二挤出机(114)的熔体(106)的任何部分形成为第一塑料产品(202)。添加剂(116)与第二挤出机中的熔体混合以形成第二熔体(118),并且利用第二熔体(118)形成第二塑料产品(204)。
Description
背景技术
制造有色塑料产品通常是三步骤的过程,每个步骤发生在不同的设施中。在第一过程中,塑料树脂,诸如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯或其它树脂,在生产设施处被合成和形成球粒以便出售。在第二步骤中,在另一设施处,球状树脂与诸如着色剂母胶的添加剂复合并形成为有色球粒。如在此使用的,母胶是与高浓度(例如多达重量比70%或更多)颜料或其它添加剂混合的材料。在最终过程中,有色塑料球粒形成为最终产品,诸如,管、片、膜、瓶子等。在一些情况中,着色剂可在生产塑料产品的设施处与树脂混合。
由于污染风险,着色剂通常不在生产设施处使用,更通常地,不在用于生产除了有色产品之外的无色产品的大型挤出机中使用。因此,传统上颜色复合设施已经与相关的中间存储和处理设施完全分离。构造和维护单独的复合设施能是相当昂贵的,并且可通常花费多达2-3千万美元或更多。因此,用于形成有色产品的较低成本的系统将是有益的。
在一些应用中,连续挤出机已被用于提供不同的混合环境,以解决混合具有不同特性的树脂的问题。例如,小型侧喂式料挤出机能用于熔化添加剂,诸如母胶,以用于供给到大型混合挤出机。在另一例子中,第一挤出机可提供积极的混合环境以快速熔化树脂。然后,熔化的树脂可被供给到长时间提供温和环境的第二挤出机,以混合到更敏感的树脂中。利用此类型布置的一种应用是双峰混合线,被配置为将高分子量的聚乙烯与低分子量的聚乙烯混合。例如,在美国专利No.7,815,360中,公开了具有两个螺杆式挤出机的材料加工设备,其中,第一挤出机通过连杆将熔体排出到较低处的挤出机。例如,在欧洲专利申请公开文献No.1005411B1、美国专利No.3,261,056和德国专利公开文献No.2304088A中,已经描述了具有多个连续或级联挤出机的其它系统。
已经研制出使用侧挤出机熔化进料或形成合成物,然后迫使其进入主挤出机以便与聚合物系统混合的许多系统。例如,美国专利申请公开文献No.2009/0057621公开了导电成分和形成这些导电成分的方法。在所述方法中,熔化的母胶在第一挤出机中与第一聚合物混合。第一聚合物的熔体粘度低于熔化的母胶的熔体粘度,并且减小熔化的母胶的熔体粘度以形成粘度减小的熔化母胶。粘度减小的熔化母胶在第二挤出机中与第二聚合物混合以形成导电成分。
美国专利公开文献No.2008/0093763公开了多色纤维塑料复合材料以及用于形成复合材料的系统和方法。在此应用中,多个复合挤出机被用于形成熔体,熔体受迫进入主挤出机以便与基础聚合物混合。
除了这些系统之外,任意数量的其它系统能使用侧喂式料挤出机将熔化的材料供给到主挤出机中,包括从德国斯图加特的CoperionGMBH(商品名为ZS-B)可商购的系统等。然而,所有现有系统被配置为结合熔化的材料以便混合并形成单个塑料产品。因此,现有系统被配置为使第一挤出机中形成的熔体进入第二挤出机中。
如上所述,通常在多步骤过程中完成有色塑料的形成,在每个步骤之间将树脂形成为球粒并冷却。尽管这可降低或消除天然的或无色的树脂与有色物的交叉污染,但使得树脂经历多次热历史。随后的热输入步骤还消耗用于保护塑料树脂不受UV、热或其它攻击性环境影响的添加剂,从而在连续的过程/制造步骤中可能需要额外的添加剂。此外,建造单独的中间存储和复合设施的成本能显著增加有色树脂和产品的成本。
因此,仍需要改进形成有色塑料的过程。此外,需要能利用单个熔体流形成不同的塑料产品的方法。
发明内容
本文描述了用于由单个熔体形成不同塑料产品的系统。所述系统可包括主挤出系统,主挤出系统包括被配置为熔化塑料树脂以形成熔体的挤出机和被配置为将添加剂供给到挤出机中的熔体中的添加剂系统。第一模具被配置为利用熔体形成第一塑料产品,并且分流系统被配置为将熔体的至少一部分输送到第二产品挤出系统。第二产品挤出系统包括被配置为使熔体与产品添加剂混合以形成第二产品熔体的第二产品挤出机。添加剂喂料器被配置为将产品添加剂供给到第二产品挤出机,并且第二模具被配置为利用产品熔体形成第二塑料产品。
另一实施例提供了在单个熔化过程中制成两个塑料产品的方法。所述方法包括在第一挤出机中熔化塑料树脂以形成熔体并将熔体的至少一部分输送到第二挤出机,其中,熔体的未被输送的任何部分形成为第一塑料产品。添加剂与第二挤出机中的熔体混合以形成第二熔体并利用第二熔体形成第二塑料产品。
另一实施例提供了利用单个熔体制成多个塑料产品的方法。所述方法包括在主挤出机中熔化树脂以形成熔体并将添加剂与熔体混合。熔体的至少一部分被分流到多个产品挤出机中的每个产品挤出机。塑料产品由主挤出机中未被分流的熔体部分形成。多种添加剂与多个产品挤出机中的每个产品挤出机中的熔体混合并且利用多个产品挤出机中的每个产品挤出机形成其它塑料产品。
附图说明
图1是能用于由单个熔体形成不同塑料产品的挤出系统的框图;
图2是能用于由单个熔体形成两个不同的球状塑料产品的两个挤出系统的示意图;
图3是能用于由单个熔体形成球状塑料产品和管产品的两个挤出系统的示意图;
图4是能用于由单个熔体形成球状塑料产品和片或膜产品的两个挤出系统的示意图;
图5是能用于由单个熔体产生三个塑料产品的三个挤出系统的示意图;
图6是用于利用单个熔体产生多于一个塑料产品的方法的过程流程图。
具体实施方式
在此描述用于利用单个初始熔体形成多个塑料产品的方法和系统。例如,主挤出机能被配置为熔化树脂并混入一般的添加剂,诸如稳定剂等。来自第一挤出机的熔体的一部分能被引导到一个或多个第二挤出机,而熔体的剩余部分能进入制粒机或其它系统,以便形成塑料产品。在第二挤出机中,其它添加剂,诸如着色剂、填料等,可与熔体混合以形成产品熔体。然后,产品熔体可被引导到制粒机、管拉挤模、片模或膜模等,以形成塑料产品。
此配置相比目前的系统提供许多优点。例如,因为进料已经融化,第二挤出机可具有低很多的马力需求。用于主挤出机的主添加进料和喂料器系统不必是成双的。聚合物的总热暴露或热历史显著减少,这将降低所消耗的稳定剂的量,并可提高性能。
除了对树脂的有利影响之外,能获得许多物流效益。例如,可消除在混合设施处的线下存储和处理中间天然产品。设施的占地面积,即安装所需空间,可以比具有制粒机的两个挤出机的设备小25%。由于第二挤出机在压力下提供熔化进料,在第二挤出机上可不需要熔体泵。此外,可降低人员和设施费用。
挤出系统
图1是能用于由单个熔体形成不同塑料产品的挤出系统100的框图。在挤出系统100中,树脂102被供给到主挤出系统104,以便形成软化的塑料。如在此使用的,此软化的塑料被称作“熔体”106。树脂102可以是球粒、球体、溶液形式或任何其它形式。例如,挤出系统100能位于塑料生产设施处,在生产设施中,主挤出系统104被设计为将树脂加工为塑料产品108,诸如球粒。作为另一例子,挤出系统100能位于塑料复合设备中,塑料复合设备被配置为生产许多塑料产品108。树脂102能包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物或任意量的其它材料。例如,在一个实施例中,树脂102是用于管、袋和其它应用的高密度聚乙烯树脂。
主挤出系统104能包括任意设计的任意数量的熔化加工挤出机和脱挥挤出机,包括例如,德国斯图加特的Coperion GMBH销售的商品名为ZSK的双螺杆挤出机和日本东京的KOBELCO,Kobe SteelLtd销售的商品名为LCM的双转子混合器。本技术中能使用的其它挤出机由美国康涅狄克州Pawcatuck的David-Standard,LLC和德国汉若威的KraussMaffei Berstorff GMBH销售。能注意到,这些仅是示例性的,因为可以使用来自其它供应商的任意数量的单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机。
主添加剂110能被加入主挤出系统104,以便复合到熔体106中。可通过固体喂料器、液体喂料器或熔体挤出泵加入主添加剂110,它们使用在一些情形中可熔化添加剂并迫使添加剂进入主挤出系统104的挤出机螺杆。主添加剂110可包括主稳定剂、第二稳定剂等以及可用于天然或无色产品的任意量的添加剂。任意量的其它添加剂可用作主添加剂110,诸如,光稳定剂、交联剂等。但是,在一些实施例中,主添加剂110不包括着色剂,从而不会污染由来自主挤出系统104的熔体106形成的塑料产品108。
在主挤出系统104中形成的熔体106的一部分112可被供给到一个或多个第二挤出系统114,在此其也可被称作产品挤出系统。在第二挤出系统114中,着色剂和添加剂116可与熔体106的部分112混合,以形成额外的熔体流118。着色剂和添加剂116可包括着色剂、填料或其它添加剂,如果它们被加入主挤出系统104,则稍后可污染成批的塑料产品108,在一些情况中,所有熔体106都可用于形成额外的熔体流118并因此没制成任何塑料产品。
在一个实施例中,着色剂和添加剂116包括例如通过将炭黑与树脂混合而形成为母胶的黑色着色剂。可通过球粒喂料器将母胶供给到第二挤出系统114中。在一些实施例中,熔体喂料器可用于加入母胶,例如利用单螺杆挤出机熔化母胶并迫使母胶进入第二挤出系统114。在其它实施例中,着色剂和添加剂116能包括其它类型的着色剂,诸如利用液体喂料而添加的液体着色剂。着色剂和添加剂116不限于着色剂,并且可包括任意量的其它材料,诸如光稳定剂、填料、加强材料、用于混合的其它树脂等。
熔体106的部分112与着色剂和添加剂116在第二挤出系统114中结合以形成产品熔体118。然后,产品熔体118能用于额外的塑料产品120。这些塑料产品120能包括例如,球粒、管、片、膜或任意量的其它产品。参照图2-5进一步论述可在实施例中使用的挤出系统的例子。
图2是能用于由单个熔体106形成两个不同的球状塑料产品(例如球粒202和204)的两个基础系统200的示意图。标注有相似附图标记的部件与参照图1所描述的相同。在主添加剂110在主挤出机104中与树脂102混合之后,熔体106被供给到分流阀206。分流阀206可控制熔体106的三个流动路径,流动路径可由通过致动器210移动的活塞208来控制。第一流动路径212将熔体106引导到熔体泵214,熔体泵214迫使熔体106经过过滤网216。过滤网216能用于从熔体106中去除固体污染物以及胶体或交联树脂。从过滤网216开始,熔体106能被供给到制粒机,诸如水下制粒机218。然后,球粒202能与来自水下制粒机218的水流220分隔。用于加工来自主挤出机104的熔体106的设备不限于所示配置。能够理解,在本文公开的技术中能使用任意数量的其它配置件和设备。
开始于主挤出机104并形成球粒202的生产线能被称作主生产线222。主生产线222可是100%的天然物生产线,例如,生产仅具有普通添加剂而没有着色剂或其它填料的树脂。分流阀206的第二位置可将熔体106的部分112排出到第二挤出机114,例如经过绝缘和被加热的管道224。
着色剂和添加剂116被供给到第二挤出机114,例如,如参照图1所描述的。与着色剂和添加剂116混合的熔体112形成产品熔体118。从第二挤出机114开,产品熔体118能被供给到熔体泵226。由于第二挤出机114不需要熔化树脂,因此来自第二挤出机114的压力可足以迫使产品熔体118经过下游设备而不使用熔化泵226。基于相同原因,对于相同的生产率,第二挤出机114的功率需求可低于主挤出机104。过滤网228可用于去除固体污染物和胶体。然后,生产熔体118能被送到模具,诸如制粒机230,以形成最终的塑料产品,球粒204。第二挤出机114及其相关设备形成第二生产线232,第二生产线能与主生产线222同时地形成另一塑料产品,而不存在污染主生产线222的风险。
主生产线222和第二生产线232的尺寸比由可期望的产品混合决定。例如,主生产线222可标定为100%容量,并可降低50%,例如,主生产线222能在最大速度的50%下操作。在一些实施例中,第二生产线232可标定为相同的额定值,如果来自主生产线222的所有产品将被制成为选择的有色产品。
根据天然与有色球粒的期望产品构成,第二生产线232可被设计为以小于主生产线222的100%的比率进行生产。例如,第二生产线232可标定为总标定值的50%。在此实施例中,超过50%总容量的主生产线222的任何部分可在主生产线222中形成为塑料产品,例如,作为球粒202。在其它实施例中,第二挤出机114可额定为相对于主挤出机的其它比例,诸如主生产线222的容量的100%或更小,或75%或更小,或50%或更小,或25%或更小。利用此系统,加入第二挤出机114的着色剂或添加剂116不能污染由主挤出机104形成的球粒202。
分流阀206不限于两个位置。在第三位置,熔体106的至少一部分可以作为废物流233被倾倒。在启动主挤出机104、第二挤出机114或两者期间可使用此位置。在其它实施例中,流223可通向第三挤出机生产线。
图3是能用于由单个熔体106形成球状塑料产品202和管产品302的两个挤出系统300的示意图。标注有相似附图标记的部件与参照图1和2所描述的相同。这里示出的技术和系统不限于形成两个球状塑料产品。在图3所示的例子中,来自第二挤出机114的产品熔体受迫经过管模具304,诸如管拉挤模具,以形成管产品302。在此例子中,熔体喂料器306用于将着色剂和添加剂116加入第二挤出机114。因此,主生产线222可用于形成球粒202,例如,作为天然树脂,而管生产线308可同时用于形成管产品302。
图4是能用于由单个熔体106形成球粒202和片或膜产品402的两个挤出系统400的示意图。标注有相似附图标记的部件与参照图1-3所描述的相同。在此例子中,来自第二挤出机114的产品熔体受迫经过片或膜模具404并被挤出为卷垛406以提供片或膜产品402。任意数量的其它模具能用于提供来自第二挤出机114的不同塑料产品。此外,主生产线222不限于球粒202,但可根据期望的产品混合而用于生产其它产品。系统不限于两个生产线,而是可与任意数量的第二挤出机114一起使用,如参照图5所论述的。
图5是能用于由单个熔体106生产三个塑料产品的挤出系统500的示意图。标注有相似附图标记的部件与参照图1-4所描述的相同。在挤出系统500中,主生产线222中的分流阀502被配置为将熔体106划分为三部分。第一部分504能用于供给主生产线222的设备,形成球粒202。第二部分506能用于供给第二生产线508中的第二挤出机114,形成第二球状产品510。第三部分512能用于供给第三线514中的另一第二挤出机114,形成第三球状产品516。由于第二生产线508中使用的着色剂和添加剂116可不同于第三线514中使用的着色剂和添加剂,可由熔体106形成不同的球状塑料产品,例如,球粒202、510和516。此外,能注意到,第二挤出机114能在构造、容量、添加剂系统、模具或任何其它特征方面不同。
挤出系统500不限于三个生产线222、508和514,而是可使用任意数量的生产线,这些生产线能被来自主挤出机104的熔体106有效供给。此外,线222、508和514不限于生产球粒,而是可用于产生任意量的其它塑料产品,诸如管、片、膜等,如参照图3和4所论述的。因此,这里描述的技术可用于提供完整的塑料生产设施,其中,主挤出机104用于加工颗粒状树脂102或其它树脂形式(其在反应器系统中被生产)以形成含有基础添加剂的熔体106,然后将部分熔体提供到被配置为制造其它待售产品(诸如有色球粒)的其它挤出线。
形成塑料产品的方法
图6是用于利用单个熔体生产多于一个塑料产品的方法600的过程流程图。所述方法能利用本文描述的任何配置或任意量的其它配置来实现,在这些配置中,第一挤出机能将一部分熔体供给到第二挤出机,而保留由另一部分熔体生产塑料产品的能力。
方法600开始于块602,在主挤出机中熔化塑料。如应注意到的,这可以是来自反应器系统的以颗粒形式生产的树脂。此外,树脂可以是在主挤出机中经脱挥的溶液。将添加剂加入熔体中,如在块604所示的。这些添加剂可以是在天然塑料中使用的基础添加剂,诸如稳定剂和交联剂等。在块606,可利用主挤出机中形成的塑料熔体形成塑料产品。
在块608,熔体的一部分被输送到第二挤出机。在块610,将额外的添加剂,诸如着色剂、填料等,加入第二挤出机中的熔体中。在块612,利用第二挤出机中的熔体形成塑料产品。如应该注意到的,这种产品可包括球粒、管、片、膜或任意数量的其它产品。
定义
如在此使用的,“挤出机”是形成塑料熔体并使添加剂与塑料熔体混合的装置。挤出机可具有位于筒中的单个螺杆或成对螺杆,筒在螺杆和筒的内表面之间具有最小的空隙。每个螺杆具有螺旋脊或阶梯状件,阶梯状件在筒和螺杆之间形成开口。可控制阶梯状件的深度以改变施加到树脂上的剪切力和应力,较浅的阶梯状件产生较高的应力环境。当通过电动机转动螺杆的轴时,在阶梯状件中剪切塑料,产生熔化或加热塑料并沿筒迫使塑料前进的摩擦。在双螺杆挤出机中螺杆的阶梯状件通常是互相配合的,其中,每个螺杆被另一个螺杆完全擦过,产生更有效的混合环境并更有效地沿筒泵送熔体。塑料在筒的端部处被从开口挤出到下游设备中,诸如,熔体泵、制粒机和模具等。挤出机可以是标准挤出机,标准挤出机被配置为利用固体塑料树脂形成塑料熔体,或者可是脱挥挤出机,脱挥挤出机被配置为从溶液中的塑料中去除溶剂,形成塑料熔体。本文描述的实施例不限于挤出机,而是还可使用聚合物混合器。聚合物混合器是利用逆向旋转的非啮合混合元件来向树脂施加剪切力以形成熔体并混入添加剂的系统。
如在此使用的,“添加剂系统”是被配置为将材料供给到挤出机以便混合的装置和支持设备。添加剂系统能包括被配置为将固体球粒加入挤出机中的塑料熔体中的球粒喂料器。其它类型的添加剂系统能使用被配置为熔化添加剂并迫使添加剂熔体进入挤出机以便与塑料熔体混合的单螺杆挤出机。另一种类型的添加剂喂料器可使用泵来迫使液体添加剂进入挤出机。挤出机的螺杆可具有较低压力区,以便例如通过增加加入位置处的阶梯状件的深度来辅助添加剂的加入。
如在此使用的,“模具”是放置在塑料挤出管道端部处的成形开口以将塑料挤出为特定形状。在基础配置中,在水下制粒机的制粒机模具被配置为将塑料挤出为窄束。靠着模具的面放置的旋转刀片将束切割为大体圆形的小球粒,小球粒被水流带离模具面。另一个示例性模具用于形成塑料管。在此模具中,中心构件或心轴产生用于塑料流的环形。挤出的塑料被从模具附近移走并通常通过水接触被冷却,以硬化管。在实施例中能使用的其它类型的模具包括片和膜模具(其中,塑料被挤出到冷却的卷上成为扁平的片),以及吹膜模具(其中,塑料被挤出为围绕被捕获的气泡的环形)。
如在此使用的,“添加剂”是被加入塑料中以给予有益的特性或降低所使用的塑料的量的材料。添加剂可包括主稳定剂、第二稳定剂、着色剂、交联剂、断链剂、填料、加强材料和很多其它材料。稳定剂是被加入塑料熔体中以抑制自氧化反应的化学化合物,使得塑料在加工过程中更加耐热损坏并增加在应用中的寿命。主稳定剂与形成的最初的自由基类型(radical species)反应,以捕获自由基(radical),从而断开反应链。受阻酚通常用作主稳定剂。第二稳定剂是被加入的与主稳定剂合作以进一步提高耐自氧化性的稳定剂。第二稳定剂通常通过分解可在氧化反应期间能形成的过氧化物来起作用。三价含磷化合物通常用作第二稳定剂。
在某些应用中,改变树脂的分子量是有利的。可加入断链添加剂以降低树脂的总分子量,或可加入交联剂以增加树脂的总分子量。
着色剂是用于给予塑料特定颜色的添加剂,该添加剂可以来自于矿物或有机染料。着色剂通常被制成为母胶,其中多达70%的染料与和最终目标塑料相关的塑料复合。因此,用于为聚乙烯塑料添加颜色的母胶通常利用聚乙烯基树脂制成。
尽管本技术可受各种修改和替代形式影响,但以上论述的示例性实施例仅通过举例方式示出。但是,也应该理解,所述技术并非期望限制于本文公开的具体实施例。实际上,本技术包括落在所附权利要求的真正精神和范围内的所有替代、修改和等同描述。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于由单个熔体形成不同塑料产品的系统,其包括:
主挤出系统,其包括
被配置为熔化塑料树脂以形成熔体的挤出机;
被配置为将添加剂供给到挤出机中的熔体中的添加剂系统;
被配置为将熔体的至少一部分输送到第二产品挤出系统的分流系统;
被配置为利用未被分流的熔体形成第一塑料产品的第一模具;以及
第二产品挤出系统,其包括:
被配置为使熔体与添加剂混合以形成第二产品熔体的产品挤出机;
被配置为将产品添加剂供给到第二产品挤出机的添加剂喂料器;以及
被配置为利用第二产品熔体形成第二塑料产品的第二模具;
其中,所述第二产品挤出机的容量是主挤出机的容量的75%或更小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述分流系统被配置为将熔体的额外部分输送到多个产品挤出机中的每个产品挤出机。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述第二产品挤出机的容量是主挤出机的容量的50%或更小。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,对于相等的材料量,第二产品挤出机相比主挤出机具有更低的功率需求。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述主挤出系统进一步包括熔体泵。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述第二产品挤出系统不包括熔体泵。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述第一模具或第二模具包括管拉挤模具。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述第一模具或第二模具包括片模具、膜模具或片/膜模具的组合。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述第一模具或第二模具包括吹膜模具。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述添加剂喂料器包括液体注入系统。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述添加剂喂料器包括熔体泵喂料器。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其包括第三产品挤出系统,其包括:
被配置为使熔体与产品添加剂混合以形成第三产品熔体的第三产品挤出机;
被配置为将产品添加剂供给到第三产品挤出机的添加剂喂料器;以及
被配置为利用第三产品熔体形成第三塑料产品的第三模具。
13.一种在单个熔化过程中制成不同塑料产品的方法,其包括:
在第一挤出机中熔化塑料树脂以形成第一熔体;
将第一熔体的至少一部分输送到第二挤出机,其中,第一熔体的未被输送的任何部分形成为第一塑料产品;
将添加剂与第二挤出机中的熔体混合以形成第二熔体;以及
利用第二熔体形成第二塑料产品;
其中,所述第二挤出机的容量是第一挤出机的容量的75%或更小。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其包括形成球粒作为第一塑料产品。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其包括形成管作为第二塑料产品。
16.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其包括将黑色着色剂与第二挤出机中的熔体混合。
17.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其中,添加剂包括稳定剂、断链剂、交联剂或其任何组合。
18.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其中,添加剂包括着色剂、填料、加强材料、光稳定剂、加工助剂或其任何组合。
19.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其包括将熔体的一部分从第一挤出机输送到第三挤出机,其中,第三挤出机被配置为将添加剂混入熔体以形成第三熔体,并且其中,第三挤出机被配置为利用第三熔体形成第三塑料产品。
20.一种利用单个熔体制成多个塑料产品的方法,其包括:
在主挤出机中熔化树脂以形成熔体;
将添加剂与熔体混合;
将熔体的至少一部分分流到多个产品挤出机中的每个产品挤出机;
利用主挤出机中未被分流的熔体部分形成塑料产品;
将多种添加剂与多个产品挤出机中的每个产品挤出机中的熔体混合;以及
利用多个产品挤出机中的每个产品挤出机形成其它塑料产品。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中,每个产品挤出机形成不同的塑料产品。
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- 2012-11-28 RU RU2014131592A patent/RU2605963C2/ru active
- 2012-11-28 WO PCT/US2012/066730 patent/WO2013101377A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-11-28 JP JP2014550301A patent/JP6055843B2/ja active Active
- 2012-11-28 CN CN201280065322.3A patent/CN104023938B/zh active Active
- 2012-11-28 US US14/366,576 patent/US9908276B2/en active Active
- 2012-11-28 BR BR112014013166-0A patent/BR112014013166B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-28 MX MX2014008152A patent/MX2014008152A/es unknown
- 2012-11-28 EP EP12813584.5A patent/EP2797728B1/en active Active
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US9908276B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
EP2797728B1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
BR112014013166A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
US20150001755A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
CN104023938A (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
JP6055843B2 (ja) | 2016-12-27 |
EP2797728A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
MX2014008152A (es) | 2017-07-26 |
BR112014013166B1 (pt) | 2021-02-09 |
WO2013101377A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
RU2605963C2 (ru) | 2017-01-10 |
RU2014131592A (ru) | 2016-02-20 |
JP2015503470A (ja) | 2015-02-02 |
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