CN104012274A - Chinese black olive dwarf compact planting and cultivation method - Google Patents
Chinese black olive dwarf compact planting and cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104012274A CN104012274A CN201410233276.4A CN201410233276A CN104012274A CN 104012274 A CN104012274 A CN 104012274A CN 201410233276 A CN201410233276 A CN 201410233276A CN 104012274 A CN104012274 A CN 104012274A
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- 241001533141 Canarium pimela Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000005976 Ethephon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-butyric acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VGKONPUVOVVNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-yl acetate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(OC(=O)C)=CC=CC2=C1 VGKONPUVOVVNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 241000644798 Canarium <sea snail> Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000208229 Burseraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000034656 Contusions Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009519 contusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010044936 indoleacetic acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008117 seed development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Chinese black olive dwarf compact planting and cultivation method. A branch which is strong and free of diseases and pests is selected from a Chinese black olive seed tree of good quality; girdling treatment is carried out on the portion, 15-20 cm away from a branch body, of the branch, a girdling treatment cut is coated with a chemical compound promoting rooting by a circle, then a wet substrate is bound to the girdling treatment portion, the wet substrate is tightly wrapped by a film, and the two ends of the wet substrate are tied through a rope; a dilute ethephon solution is added into a film bag 40-50 days later after branching-after-topping treatment; after a root grows from the girdling treatment cut and the new root of a branching-after-topping seedling turns yellow brown, the branching-after-topping seedling can be cut off for temporary planting and transplanting; after temporary planting and transplanting are carried out for 2-3 months, field cultivation and planting can be carried out, and conventional fertilizer and water management is carried out; meanwhile, shaping and trimming are carried out. The method overcomes the defects that the vegetative period of Chinese black olives is long and the per unit area yield is low, and is easy to operate, low in cost, early in fruiting and high in efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling growing process field of plant, specifically relate to plant and refute the method that branch is grown seedlings.
Background technology
Canarium pimela (
canarium pimelak
oening), another name Canarium primela, Hei Lan, belong to Burseraceae Canarium subtropical evergreen fruit trees.Be born in the woods of low height above sea level mountain region, originate in China south China, with Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian cultivation at most.Canarium pimela collection is edible, medicinal, forest be the whole body, and fruit is favored by consumer more and more with features such as nutritious, unique flavors, is the wide fine tree species with great exploitation potential for its of a kind of market prospects.
Because canarium pimela is high megaphanerophyte, traditional planting density is lower, and general mu is planted 14 strain left and right, has affected yield per unit area.Moreover canarium pimela is long vegetative growth phase, generally takes 5-7 and just start to bear fruit, and it is less to bear fruit in early days, output is lower, takes effect slower, gives orchard worker's investment pressure large, serious contusion orchard worker's enthusiasm, hindered the development of canarium pimela industry.
Therefore, how to shorten canarium pimela vegetative growth phase, improve canarium pimela unit yield, become industry development urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method, overcome canarium pimela long vegetative growth phase, the defect that per unit area yield is low, it is simple to operate, cost is low, result early, high efficiency.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method, it mainly comprises the steps:
(1) branch is chosen, and is becoming to select on the canarium pimela elite stand in age limb stalwartness, branch without damage by disease and insect; Conventionally select 2-3 raw, footpath is slightly the branch on the sunny side of 2 ~ 4cm.Generally carry out in annual 8-11 month.
(2) refuting branch processes, to the branch of choosing, carrying out band girdle apart from its branch bifurcated 15 ~ 20cm place, band girdle phloem width 2.0 ~ 2.5 cm, first smear band girdle mouth one circle with the liquid composition of growth-promoting root, tie up at band girdle place by moistening matrix, outside packs tightly with film and with rope binding two ends again; Keep the humidity of matrix, once find dehydration, water filling immediately supplements.
The preparation of described liquid composition is that 1 weight portion indolebutyric acid (IBA), 1 weight portion heteroauxin (IAA) and 1 weight portion 1-methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) are dissolved in respectively in ethanolic solution, and they are dissolved; By soluble in water the mixing of above-mentioned each liquid of having dissolved, be mixed with the liquid composition of 300 ~ 800mg/L again.Described moistening matrix is the homogeneous mixture that wood chip, wormcast, baked wheaten cake soil mass ratio are 1:1:1 ~ 2.
(3) add ethrel, refuting after branch processing 40 ~ 50d, the ethephon solution after dilution is added in film bag; Described ethephon solution is by 3000 ~ 6000 times of 30% ~ 40 % ethrel dilutions; The addition of ethephon solution is 50-100 ml.
This step, to hestening rooting, improves follow-up survival rate very crucial: canarium pimela rooting process be divided into induction period, in early days make a start the stage, make a start 4 stages such as later stage and Growth and Differentiation stage.First and second stage of taking root is taking cell division as feature, now needs higher auxin concentration, and mark is that IAA (heteroauxin) oxidase and peroxidase activity are low.And phase III later stage that to be root make a start needs lower auxin concentration.Take to inject certain density ethephon solution for the physio-biochemical characteristics in this stage, to improve IAA oxidase and peroxidase activity, reduce Endogenous auxin level, promote the formation of flourishing fibrous root.And conventional canarium pimela seed development and common high-altitude hardening means etc., the time that the formation of root system need to consume is all very long, and slow especially.
(4) heel in transplanting, band girdle mouth place grows root system gradually, and band girdle is after 8 months, while refuting new root that a seedling grows to yellowish-brown, can cut and refute a seedling, heels in transplanting.
(5) field production, heels in and transplants after 2 ~ 3 months, can carry out field production field planting, carries out conventional rich water quality management; Field planting seeding row spacing is that 4 ~ 5 m × 4 ~ 5 m(are that mu is planted 28 ~ 40 strains), field planting hole diameter 60 ~ 80 cm, the degree of depth is 60 ~ 80 cm.
(6) pruning, fixed dry at the cultivation liftoff 50 cm places, cm～60 of seedling, when the trunk of extracting out while growing to 20 cm～30 cm respectively to its pinching of staggering, as (when 3 trunks grow to apart from last time when bifurcation 20 cm～30 cm respectively to its 1 of pinching of staggering in 20 cm place pinching, article 1, in 25 cm place pinching, other 1 in 30 cm place pinching), Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.
In pruning, for the too intensive tree of tree crown, cap processing (at the suitable truncation in tree crown top) is gone at top, and the descending branch that affects operation is removed in bottom, so that sunlight is penetrating.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
(1) the present invention realizes and downgrading by two approach: the first, and adopt and refute a seedling as planting material.With respect to seed seedling, owing to refuting, a seedling main root is undeveloped, limits its growing height.The second, adopt supporting pruning technique.By mode processing such as " removing cap ", control tree height.The present invention makes canarium pimela tree low body successful, and highly general is only 2/3 of traditional cultivation tree body.
(2) the present invention, refuting injection ethrel after branch, can improve greatly and refute the rooting rate of a seedling and shorten the garden time, improves greatly breeding efficiency.Adopt in this way, rooting rate can reach more than 80% (routine is refuted only 60% left and right of a seedling rooting rate).
(3) utilization of the present invention refute a seedling and pruning technique supporting, successfully shortened canarium pimela vegetative growth phase, field planting realizes and going into operation for 4 years, does sth. in advance 1-3 than conventional method.
(4) dwarfing dense planting technology of the present invention makes unit are plant number than conventional method many a times, significantly improves canarium pimela plantation unit yield, particularly orchard particularly evident in early days.
Embodiment 1
A kind of canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method, it mainly comprises the steps:
(1) branch is chosen, and in mid-September, 2007, selects life in 2 ~ 3 years in 12 ages on canarium pimela elite stand, limb stalwartness, without 100, the branch of damage by disease and insect; Conventionally selecting footpath is slightly the branch of 2 ~ 4cm.
(2) refuting branch processes, to the branch of choosing, carrying out band girdle apart from its branch bifurcated 15 ~ 20cm place, band girdle phloem width 2.0 ~ 4.0 cm, the degree of depth, to xylem, is destroyed Cambium tissue completely, smears band girdle mouth one circle with the liquid composition of growth-promoting root, tie up at band girdle place by moistening matrix, moistening matrix is the homogeneous mixture that wood chip, wormcast, baked wheaten cake soil mass ratio are 1:1:2 again; Outside packs tightly with film and with rope binding two ends, keeps the humidity of matrix, once discovery dehydration, water filling immediately supplements.
Liquid composition is previously prepared, and 1 weight portion indolebutyric acid (IBA), 1 weight portion heteroauxin (IAA) and 1 weight portion 1-methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) are dissolved in respectively in appropriate ethanolic solution, and they are dissolved; By soluble in water the mixing of above-mentioned each liquid of having dissolved, be mixed with the liquid composition of 500 ~ 800mg/L again.
(3) add ethrel, refuting after branch processing 40 ~ 50d, the ethephon solution after dilution is added in film bag; Described ethephon solution is by 5000 ~ 6000 times of 40 % ethrel dilutions; The addition of ethephon solution is 70-100 ml.
(4) heel in transplanting, band girdle mouth place grows root system gradually, and while refuting new root that a seedling grows to yellowish-brown, in July, 2008, a seedling of refuting for the new root that 91 strains are grown is cut, and heels in transplanting.
(5) field production, forwards field production field planting in October, 2008 to, and field planting seeding row spacing is 4 m × 5 m, field planting hole diameter 80 cm, and the degree of depth is 80 cm, so according to conventional rich water quality management.
(6) pruning, fixed dry at the cultivation liftoff 50 cm places, cm～60 of seedling, when 3 trunks grow to apart from last time when bifurcation 20 cm～30 cm respectively to its 1 of pinching of staggering in 20 cm place pinching, article 1, in 25 cm place pinching, other 1 in 30 cm place pinching), Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.For the too intensive tree of tree crown, cap processing (at the suitable truncation in tree crown top) is gone at top, and the descending branch that affects operation is removed in bottom, so that sunlight is penetrating.
2011, in 91 young plants of field planting, 78 strains of blooming, 69 strains of bearing fruit, 60.5 kg of per mu yield then.2012,91 strain canarium pimelas all bloomed and bear fruit, then per mu yield fresh fruit 112.2kg.2013, per mu yield fresh fruit 218.6 kg.And the orchard that plant the same period by conventional method, only 50 % of the strain rate of bearing fruit for 2013, per mu yield 60.2 kg.
Embodiment 2
A kind of canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method, it mainly comprises the steps:
(1) branch is chosen, and in mid-October, 2006, selects life in 2 ~ 3 years in 11 ages on canarium pimela elite stand, limb stalwartness, without 100, the branch of damage by disease and insect; Conventionally selecting footpath is slightly the branch of 2 ~ 4cm.
(2) refuting branch processes, to the branch of choosing, carrying out band girdle apart from its branch bifurcated 15 ~ 20cm place, band girdle phloem width 2.0 ~ 4.0 cm, the degree of depth, to xylem, is destroyed Cambium tissue completely, smears band girdle mouth one circle with the liquid composition of growth-promoting root, tie up at band girdle place by moistening matrix, moistening matrix is the homogeneous mixture that wood chip, wormcast, baked wheaten cake soil mass ratio are 1:1:1 again; Outside packs tightly with film and with rope binding two ends, keeps the humidity of matrix, once discovery dehydration, water filling immediately supplements.
The previously prepared same embodiment 1 of liquid composition, is mixed with the liquid composition of 300 ~ 500mg/L.
(3) add ethrel, refuting after branch processing 40 ~ 50d, the ethephon solution after dilution is added in film bag; Described ethephon solution is by 3000 ~ 4000 times of 40 % ethrel dilutions; The addition of ethephon solution is 50-60 ml.
(4) heel in transplanting, band girdle mouth place grows root system gradually, and while refuting new root that a seedling grows to yellowish-brown, in June, 2007, a seedling of refuting for the new root that 82 strains are grown is cut, and heels in transplanting.
(5) field production, forwards field production field planting in August, 2007 to, and field planting seeding row spacing is 4 m × 4 m, field planting hole diameter 60 cm, and the degree of depth is 60 cm, so according to conventional rich water quality management.
(6) pruning, fixed dry at the cultivation liftoff 50 cm places, cm～60 of seedling, when 3 trunks grow to apart from last time when bifurcation 20 cm～30 cm respectively to its 1 of pinching of staggering in 20 cm place pinching, article 1, in 25 cm place pinching, other 1 in 30 cm place pinching), Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.For the too intensive tree of tree crown, cap processing (at the suitable truncation in tree crown top) is gone at top, and the descending branch that affects operation is removed in bottom, so that sunlight is penetrating.
2010, in 82 young plants of field planting, 62 strains of blooming, 51 strains of bearing fruit, 44.6 kg of per mu yield then.2011,82 strain canarium pimelas all bloomed and bear fruit, then per mu yield fresh fruit 87.0 kg.2012, per mu yield fresh fruit 162.0 kg.And the orchard that plant the same period by conventional method, only 46 % of the strain rate of bearing fruit for 2013, per mu yield 50.2 kg.
Embodiment 3
A kind of canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method, it mainly comprises the steps:
(1) branch is chosen, and in early November, 2007, selects life in 2 ~ 3 years, limb stalwartness, without 100, the branch of damage by disease and insect in 11 ages on canarium pimela elite stand; Conventionally selecting footpath is slightly the branch of 2 ~ 4cm.
(2) refuting branch processes, to the branch of choosing, carrying out band girdle apart from its branch bifurcated 15 ~ 20cm place, band girdle phloem width 2.0 ~ 4.0 cm, the degree of depth, to xylem, is destroyed Cambium tissue completely, smears band girdle mouth one circle with the liquid composition of growth-promoting root, tie up at band girdle place by moistening matrix, moistening matrix is the homogeneous mixture that wood chip, wormcast, baked wheaten cake soil mass ratio are 1:1:2 again; Outside packs tightly with film and with rope binding two ends, keeps the humidity of matrix, once discovery dehydration, water filling immediately supplements.
The previously prepared same embodiment 1 of liquid composition, is mixed with the liquid composition of 400 ~ 600mg/L.
(3) add ethrel, refuting after branch processing 40 ~ 50d, the ethephon solution after dilution is added in film bag; Described ethephon solution is by 4000 ~ 5000 times of 40 % ethrel dilutions; The addition of ethephon solution is 70-80 ml.
(4) heel in transplanting, band girdle mouth place grows root system gradually, and while refuting new root that a seedling grows to yellowish-brown, in September, 2008, a seedling of refuting for the new root that 88 strains are grown is cut, and heels in transplanting.
(5) field production, forwards field production field planting in December, 2008 to, and field planting seeding row spacing is 5 m × 5 m, field planting hole diameter 70 cm, and the degree of depth is 70 cm, so according to conventional rich water quality management.
(6) pruning, fixed dry at the cultivation liftoff 50 cm places, cm～60 of seedling, when 3 trunks grow to apart from last time when bifurcation 20 cm～30 cm respectively to its 1 of pinching of staggering in 20 cm place pinching, article 1, in 25 cm place pinching, other 1 in 30 cm place pinching), Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.For the too intensive tree of tree crown, cap processing (at the suitable truncation in tree crown top) is gone at top, and the descending branch that affects operation is removed in bottom, so that sunlight is penetrating.
2011, in 88 young plants of field planting, 76 strains of blooming, 65 strains of bearing fruit, 56.2 kg of per mu yield then.2012,88 strain canarium pimelas all bloomed and bear fruit, then per mu yield fresh fruit 98.0 kg.2013, per mu yield fresh fruit 182.0 kg.And the orchard that plant the same period by conventional method, only 48 % of the strain rate of bearing fruit for 2013, per mu yield 56.8 kg.
Claims (7)
1. a canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method, is characterized in that: it mainly comprises the steps:
(1) branch is chosen, and is becoming to select on the canarium pimela elite stand in age limb stalwartness, branch without damage by disease and insect;
(2) refuting branch processes, to the branch of choosing, carrying out band girdle apart from its branch bifurcated 15 ~ 20cm place, band girdle phloem width 2.0 ~ 2.5 cm, first smear band girdle mouth one circle with the liquid composition of growth-promoting root, tie up at band girdle place by moistening matrix, outside packs tightly with film and with rope binding two ends again;
(3) add ethrel, refuting after branch processing 40 ~ 50d, the ethephon solution after dilution is added in film bag; Described ethephon solution is by 3000 ~ 6000 times of 40 % ethrel dilutions;
(4) heel in transplanting, band girdle mouth place grows root system gradually, while refuting new root that a seedling grows to yellowish-brown, can cut and refute a seedling, heels in transplanting;
(5) field production, heels in and transplants after 2 ~ 3 months, can carry out field production field planting, carries out conventional rich water quality management;
(6) pruning, fixed dry at the cultivation liftoff 50 cm places, cm～60 of seedling, in the time that the trunk of extracting out grows to 20 cm～30 cm, respectively to its pinching of staggering, Using such method is carried out the branch of higher progression.
2. canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the addition of the ethephon solution of described step (3) is 50 ~ 100ml.
3. canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described liquid composition is that 1 weight portion indolebutyric acid (IBA), 1 weight portion heteroauxin (IAA) and 1 weight portion 1-methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) are dissolved in respectively in ethanolic solution, by soluble in water the mixing of above-mentioned each liquid of having dissolved, be mixed with the liquid composition of 300 ~ 800mg/L again.
4. canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described moistening matrix is the homogeneous mixture that wood chip, wormcast, baked wheaten cake soil mass ratio are 1:1:1 ~ 2.
5. canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the plant line-spacing of described step (5) field production is 4 ~ 5 m × 4 ~ 5 m, field planting hole diameter 60 ~ 80 cm, and the degree of depth is 60 ~ 80 cm.
6. canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in pruning, and the tree that tree crown is intensive, cap processing is gone at top, and the descending branch that affects operation is removed in bottom.
7. canarium pimela Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (1) selects 2-3 raw, and footpath is slightly the branch on the sunny side of 2 ~ 4cm.
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| CN106171755A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 云南良穗农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of four seasons Fructus Artocarpi Heterophylli |
| CN108124680A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-08 | 大新县科学技术情报研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of canarium pimela tree |
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