CN104012218B - A kind of potato setter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato planter, which comprises a planter chassis, a power transmission mechanism, a fertilization mechanism, a seeding mechanism, and a film covering mechanism. The chassis provides support for other components. The lower part of the chassis has walking wheels, and the rear end of the chassis is equipped with a planter handle. , the clutch and accelerator switches on the handle control the start and stop of the planter and the sowing speed. The power transmission mechanism is fixed on the chassis behind the sowing mechanism, the fertilization mechanism is installed in front of the sowing mechanism, and the film covering mechanism is located behind the bottom of the chassis, and the film covering mechanism is used for mulching after sowing. The planter uses an independent gasoline engine and a reducer to provide power to each mechanism, and does not rely on tractors or other agricultural machinery to provide power. The sowing ridge distance can be reasonably arranged according to the local climate and soil quality, and is not limited by the distance between other mechanical wheels; the planter is equipped with Advanced fertilization mechanism, seeding mechanism and film mulching mechanism can complete fertilization, sowing and film mulching at one time, realize compound operation, improve production efficiency and save costs.

Description

a potato planter

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural seeding machinery, and in particular relates to a multifunctional potato planter with independent power.

Background technique

Potato is one of the main crops in my country. It has high nutritional value, strong adaptability, and large yield. It has played an increasingly important role in ensuring food security and has received extensive attention from relevant state departments. In 2010, relevant departments of China released the twelfth five-year plan for the potato industry, in which it is estimated that China's total potato production in 2015 will be 150 million tons, and the planting area will be 120 million mu. Therefore, potato planters replace manual planting operations is very necessary. Chinese patent CN202190530U discloses a potato planter, which is composed of a frame, a seed box, a fertilizer box, a seeding mechanism, a fertilizer discharge mechanism, a ditch opener, a ridge share, a transmission mechanism and a pressure roller; this potato planter The sowing mechanism uses a chain drive, which runs smoothly without interfering with seeds, and has a low failure rate. There are pressure wheels to compact the soil, which can maintain moisture and achieve the advantages of increasing production. However, this planter needs to be used in conjunction with a tractor. Because the width of the tractor body is greater than the width of the planter body, the indentation on one side of the tractor will be pressed on the potato ridges that have been planted, damaging the seeds, or in order to make the tractor crush The ridge distance of potatoes will be limited; in addition, this planter can only realize one-time fertilization and sowing operations, and it needs to be covered manually, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. It cannot be sown in places that cannot be reached by tractors. . A potato planter is disclosed in the patent CN203105093U, which is composed of a frame body, a seeding plow, a wheel shaft, a wheel, a seed bin, a seeding path, a chain, a seed cup, and a chain shaft. The upper opening of the potato planter seed bin is larger than the lower The opening prevents the seed from being missed, and has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost. However, this potato planter needs to be driven by a tractor, which has the above-mentioned shortcoming of limited potato ridge distance. At the same time, this planter can only sow potatoes without the functions of fertilization and film covering. It still needs manual operation for other operations, and the degree of automation is low. In places where tractors cannot reach, it is also impossible to sow seeds.

Contents of the invention

In order to avoid the shortcomings of the existing technology and overcome the problems of limited sowing ridge distance and low degree of automation of the potato planter, the present invention proposes a potato planter, which uses an independent gasoline engine and a reducer to feed the various mechanisms of the planter. It provides power, does not rely on tractors or other agricultural machinery, and can reasonably arrange the sowing ridge distance according to the local climate and soil quality, and is not limited by the distance between other mechanical wheels; Fertilization, seeding and film mulching realize compound operations, improve production efficiency and save costs.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: comprising a chassis, a seeding mechanism, a power transmission mechanism, a fertilization mechanism, and a film covering mechanism, the chassis provides support for other components, and the power transmission mechanism is fixed on the chassis and is located at the rear of the sowing mechanism. The fertilizing mechanism is installed at the front of the seeding mechanism, and the film covering mechanism is located at the bottom and rear of the chassis. It is used for mulching after sowing. There is a planter handle at the rear of the chassis. The clutch and throttle switches on the planter handle control the start and stop of the planter and Sowing speed, which is characterized in that: the sowing mechanism includes a sowing plow, a seeding box, a sowing belt support, a sowing pulley pin, a sowing belt, a sowing pulley, a sowing bowl, a seeding pipeline, a sowing soil-covering share, a soil-covering brush, a sowing The pulley is fixed on the main shaft and rotates synchronously with the main shaft. The sowing belt bracket is a cantilever beam structure. The two sowing belt brackets are located on the upper part of the chassis and are symmetrically installed in parallel. The upper and rear ends of the two sowing belt brackets have sowing pulley pins The shaft is matched with the sowing belt. There are two rows of sowing bowls evenly distributed on the sowing belt. The seed delivery pipe is located at the front of the sowing belt bracket. The seed box is fixed at the rear of the sowing belt bracket. The pipe rotates circularly around the sowing pulley and the pin shaft of the sowing pulley. The sowing plow is installed at the lower front of the chassis. The brush is fixed on the chassis;

The power transmission mechanism includes a gasoline engine, a reducer, a reducer sprocket, a reducer sprocket shaft, a main drive belt, a main shaft sprocket, a main shaft, and a walking wheel. There is a sowing pulley in the middle, the gasoline engine and the reducer are connected on the top of the chassis, the main shaft sprocket is fixed on the outside of the walking wheel at one end of the main shaft, the reducer sprocket is fixed on the reducer sprocket shaft, the main shaft sprocket and the reducer sprocket are the same W-shaped grooved round wheel, the diameter of the main shaft sprocket is 3 times the diameter of the reducer sprocket, and the main shaft sprocket and the reducer sprocket are connected through the main transmission belt;

The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilization box, a fertilization pipeline, a fertilization box sprocket, and a transmission belt. The fertilization box adopts a rectangular funnel-shaped structure and is located at the front of the seed delivery pipeline. The fertilization pipeline is fixed at the bottom of the fertilization box. Fertilization box chains are installed on the sides One end of the fertilization box sprocket and the sowing pulley is connected by a transmission belt;

The film covering mechanism includes a mulch roller bracket, a mulch-covered soil share, a mulch-covered soil share, a mulch leveling share, and a mulch leveling share. Bracket connection, the mulch leveling shovel bracket is fixed on both sides of the lower part of the chassis through bolts, the mulch leveling shovel bracket adjusts the height through the long slot on the short bracket, and the two mulching soil shovels are fixed at the rear end of the chassis through the mulching soil shovel bracket. The height of the mulching soil share support can be adjusted up and down.

The lower parts of both sides of the sowing plow have furrow shoulders.

Several axial trapezoidal bosses are evenly distributed on the outer rim of the traveling wheel.

Seeding plows, fertilization pipes, seed delivery pipes and soil covering brushes are located on the same vertical plane.

The working process of potato planter:

After the potato seeds, fertilizer and mulch are prepared, start the planter to start sowing, hold the handle of the planter with both hands, and control the direction and speed of travel; during the sowing process, the power is output by the gasoline engine, and the speed is adjusted to the operation requirements through the reducer. The transmission belt transmits the power to the main shaft, and the main shaft rotates to drive the planter to advance and sow. There is a sowing pulley in the middle of the main shaft, and then the power is transmitted to the fertilization mechanism through the transmission belt. Fertilization is applied during the sowing process, and the film is unfolded by the spreading roller of the film roller bracket. , and then the plastic film is spread on the potato ridge by the plastic film leveling share, and the soil is covered on both sides of the film by the plastic film covering soil to complete the film covering work, and realize the one-time operation of fertilization, sowing and film covering.

Beneficial effect

The invention proposes a potato planter, which includes a planter chassis, a power transmission mechanism, a fertilization mechanism, a seeding mechanism, and a film covering mechanism. A planter handle is installed, and the clutch and throttle switches on the planter handle control the start and stop of the planter and the sowing speed. The power transmission mechanism is fixed on the chassis at the rear of the sowing mechanism, the fertilization mechanism is installed in front of the sowing mechanism, and the film covering mechanism is located at the lower rear of the chassis, and the film covering mechanism is used for mulching after sowing. The planter uses an independent gasoline engine and a reducer to provide power to each mechanism, and does not rely on tractors or other agricultural machinery for traction. The planting ridge distance can be reasonably arranged according to the local climate and soil quality, and it is not limited by the distance between the tractor wheels. The planter is also equipped with a fertilization mechanism, a seeding mechanism and a film covering mechanism, which can complete fertilization, seeding and film covering at one time, realize compound operations, improve its production efficiency and save costs. The planter has a simple structure and small size, and is especially suitable for sowing in remote plots and small plots.

Description of drawings

A potato planter of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a potato planter.

Figure 2 is an axonometric view of the chassis of the potato planter.

Fig. 3 is an axonometric view of the power transmission mechanism of the potato planter.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fertilization mechanism of a potato planter.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sowing plow of a potato planter.

Fig. 6 is an axonometric view of the seeding mechanism of the potato planter.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a film-covering mechanism of a potato planter.

In the picture:

1. Chassis 2. Fertilization box 3. Seeding pipeline 4. Seeding belt bracket 5. Seeding belt wheel pin 6. Seeding belt 7. Seeding bowl 8. Seeding box 9. Gasoline engine 10. Reducer 11. Planter handle 12. Clutch 13. Mulch-covered soil share bracket 14. Mulch-covered soil share 15. Mulch leveling share 16. Mulch leveling share bracket 17. Reducer sprocket 18. Reducer sprocket shaft 19. Mulching film 20. Main drive belt 21. Mulching film roller bracket 22. Sowing Soil-covering share 23. Main shaft sprocket 24. Main shaft 25. Traveling wheel 26. Transmission belt 27. Fertilization box sprocket 28. Fertilization pipe 29. Seeding plow 30. Seeding pulley 31. Covering soil brush

Detailed ways

This embodiment is a potato planter.

Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 7, the potato planter of this embodiment is made up of chassis, seeding mechanism, power transmission mechanism, fertilization mechanism, film covering mechanism, and chassis 1 provides support for other components, and power transmission mechanism is fixed on chassis 1, is installed on The rear part of the seeding mechanism; the fertilization mechanism is installed at the front of the seeding mechanism, and the film covering mechanism is fixed at the lower rear of the chassis 1, and is used for mulching after sowing; the main shaft 24 is installed in the middle of the chassis 1, and the two ends of the main shaft 24 are fixedly connected with the walking wheels 25 And use the shoulder and cotter pin positioning. The planter handle 11 is fixed on the rear end of the chassis 1, and the clutch 12 and the throttle switch on the planter handle 11 control the planter's start, stop and sowing speed.

The sowing mechanism is an important part of the potato planter, and the sowing mechanism includes a sowing plow 29, a sowing box 8, a sowing belt support 4, a sowing pulley pin 5, a sowing belt 6, a sowing pulley 30, a sowing bowl 7, and a seeding pipe 3 , soil-covering brush 31, sowing soil-covering share 22, the sowing pulley 30 is fixedly installed on the main shaft 24, and rotates synchronously with the main shaft 24; The upper part is installed symmetrically and parallelly. There are sowing pulley pins 5 at the front and rear ends of the two sowing belt supports 4. The sowing pulley pins 5 cooperate to support the sowing belt 6. Two rows of sowing bowls 7 are evenly distributed on the sowing belt 6. , Seeding pipeline 3 is installed on sowing belt support 4 front parts, and sowing belt 6 passes seed box 8 and enters seeding pipeline 3 from bottom to top, and sowing belt 6 rotates around sowing pulley 30 and sowing pulley pin 5 circularly. The sowing plow 29 is fixedly installed on the lower front part of the chassis 1 by bolts. There are ditch shoulders on both sides of the sowing plow 29, and furrow platforms are formed on both sides of the groove plowed by the sowing plow. The potato seeds at the outlet of the seed delivery pipeline 3 fall onto the ditch platform. , prevent potato seeds from falling into the bottom of the ditch, and effectively increase potato yield. Sowing soil-covering share 22 is installed on the back of chassis 1 lower seed delivery pipeline 3 outlets by bolts, and both sides sow and cover soil-covering share 22 rear parts middle parts have cover soil brush 31, and cover soil brush 31 is fixedly installed on the chassis 1 by bolts. The seed delivery pipeline 3 constrains the trajectory of the potato seeds during the falling process, reducing the phenomenon of one seed sowing multiple seeds or missing sowing. After the potato seeds are dropped into the soil, the seed-covering share 22 covers the seeds with soil and forms a ridge.

The power transmission mechanism includes a gasoline engine 9, a reducer 10, a reducer sprocket 17, a reducer sprocket shaft 18, a main drive belt 20, a main shaft sprocket 23, a main shaft 24, and a walking wheel 25. The two ends of 24 are fixedly connected with walking wheels 25, which are positioned by shaft shoulders. There is a sowing pulley 30 in the middle of the main shaft 24. The gasoline engine 9 is connected to the reducer 10. The gasoline engine 9 and the reducer 10 are installed on the chassis 1 through bolts. The main shaft sprocket 23 is fixed on the outside of the walking wheel 25 at one end of the main shaft 24, and the speed reducer sprocket 17 is fixed on the speed reducer sprocket shaft, and adopts the shaft shoulder and cotter pin location. The main shaft sprocket 23 and the reducer sprocket 17 are both W-shaped grooved round wheels, wherein the diameter of the main shaft sprocket 23 is 3 times the diameter of the reducer sprocket 17, and the main shaft sprocket 23 and the reducer sprocket 17 pass through the main drive belt 20 connect. Some axial trapezoidal bosses are evenly distributed on the 25 outer rims of the walking wheel, and the trapezoidal bosses can be embedded in the soil, so that the planter can run steadily during the operation, and there will be no multiple phenomena in one hole due to slipping.

The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilization box 2, a fertilization pipeline 28, a fertilization box sprocket wheel 27, and a transmission belt 26. The fertilization box 2 is installed on the front part of the seed delivery pipeline 3, and the fertilization pipeline 28 is welded on the bottom of the fertilization box 2, and the fertilization box 2 is installed on the side of the fertilizer box. Sprocket 27, fertilization box sprocket 27 is connected with sowing pulley 30 one end by transmission belt 26. The fertilization box 2 adopts a rectangular funnel-shaped structure, and its upper cross-sectional area is large, and the lower cross-sectional area is smaller, so that the fertilizer in the fertilization box 2 can be completely applied. The fertilization pipeline 28 extends to the ground from the bottom of the fertilization box 2 to ensure uniform fertilization. The fertilization box sprocket 27 installed on the side of the fertilizer box 2 has two sizes, which are used to control the amount of fertilizer according to the soil quality. The amount of fertilizer applied by the big wheel is small, and the amount of fertilizer applied by the small wheel is increased compared with that of the big wheel. , the fertilizer in the fertilization box 2 flows into the ditch plowed out by the sowing plow 29 through the fertilization pipeline 28, increasing soil nutrients.

The film-covering mechanism includes a mulch roller support 21, a mulch-covering soil share bracket 13, a mulch-covering soil share 14, a mulch leveling share 15, and a mulch leveling share support 16. The mulch roll support 21 is fixedly connected to the inner frame of the chassis 1 by bolts, and the mulch 19 is installed on the On the mulching roller support 21, two mulch leveling shares 15 are connected with the mulch leveling stent 16, and the mulch leveling stents 16 are fixedly connected to both sides of the lower part of the chassis 1 by bolts, and the mulch leveling stents 16 pass through the long slot holes on the short brackets. Adjust the height. Two plastic-film-covered soil-shares 14 are fixedly connected to the rear end of the chassis 1 through the plastic-film-covered soil-share brackets 13, and the height of the plastic-film-covered soil-share supports 13 can be adjusted up and down.

Power transmission route: the gasoline engine outputs power, the speed is adjusted to the operation requirements through the reducer, the power is transmitted to the main shaft through the main drive belt, and the main shaft rotates to drive the planter to run. At the same time, there is a sowing pulley in the middle of the main shaft, and the power is transmitted through the transmission belt To the fertilization agency, fertilize during the sowing process. When the power is transmitted from the reducer to the main shaft, two main transmission belts are used to drive, which enhances the stability of the transmission and makes the seed distance of sowing more uniform. The fertilization box sprocket on the fertilizer box has two sizes, and the fertilizer box can be replaced according to the soil quality. The sprocket adjusts the amount of fertilizer applied. The gasoline engine is a four-stroke gasoline air-cooled overhead valve engine with a displacement of 196cc. The fuel is 90# gasoline. The rated speed is 3600r/min. The device adjusts the seeding speed by controlling the throttle of the gasoline engine, and controls the start and stop of the planter through the clutch. The reducer is used to adjust the speed of the gasoline engine to the required speed. The planter completes fertilization, seeding and film covering at one time, realizing compound operation and improving its production efficiency.

Claims (4)

1. A potato planter, comprising a chassis, a seeding mechanism, a power transmission mechanism, a fertilization mechanism, and a film covering mechanism, the chassis provides support for the seeding mechanism, the power transmission mechanism, the fertilization mechanism and the film covering mechanism, and the power transmission mechanism is fixed on the chassis Located at the rear of the sowing mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism is installed in the front of the sowing mechanism, and the film covering mechanism is located at the lower rear of the chassis, which is used for mulching after sowing. There is a planter handle at the rear end of the chassis, and the clutch and throttle switch control on the planter handle The start-stop and sowing speed of planter, it is characterized in that: described sowing mechanism comprises sowing plow, sowing box, sowing belt support, sowing belt wheel pin, sowing belt, sowing belt wheel, sowing bowl, seeding pipeline, sowing cover soil Plowshare, earth-covering brush, the sowing pulley is fixed on the main shaft and rotates synchronously with the main shaft. The sowing belt bracket is a cantilever beam structure. The two sowing belt brackets are located on the upper part of the chassis and are symmetrically installed in parallel. Each has a sowing belt wheel pin shaft, which is matched with the sowing belt. There are two rows of sowing bowls evenly distributed on the sowing belt. The seed delivery pipe is located at the front of the sowing belt bracket, and the seed box is fixed at the rear of the sowing belt bracket. The sowing belt passes from bottom to top Pass through the seed box into the seed delivery pipe, and rotate around the sowing pulley and the pin shaft of the sowing pulley. There is a covering brush in the middle, and the covering brush is fixed on the chassis; The power transmission mechanism includes a gasoline engine, a reducer, a reducer sprocket, a reducer sprocket shaft, a main drive belt, a main shaft sprocket, a main shaft, and a walking wheel. There is a sowing pulley in the middle, the gasoline engine and the reducer are connected on the top of the chassis, the main shaft sprocket is fixed on the outside of the walking wheel at one end of the main shaft, the reducer sprocket is fixed on the reducer sprocket shaft, the main shaft sprocket and the reducer sprocket are the same W-shaped grooved round wheel, the diameter of the main shaft sprocket is 3 times the diameter of the reducer sprocket, and the main shaft sprocket and the reducer sprocket are connected through the main transmission belt; The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilization box, a fertilization pipeline, a fertilization box sprocket, and a transmission belt. The fertilization box adopts a rectangular funnel-shaped structure and is located at the front of the seed delivery pipeline. The fertilization pipeline is fixed at the bottom of the fertilization box. Fertilization box chains are installed on the sides One end of the fertilization box sprocket and the sowing pulley is connected by a transmission belt; The film covering mechanism includes a mulch roller bracket, a mulch-covered soil share, a mulch-covered soil share, a mulch leveling share, and a mulch leveling share. Bracket connection, the mulch leveling shovel bracket is fixed on both sides of the lower part of the chassis through bolts, the mulch leveling shovel bracket adjusts the height through the long slot on the short bracket, and the two mulching soil shovels are fixed at the rear end of the chassis through the mulching soil shovel bracket. The height of the mulch-covered soil share bracket is adjustable up and down. 2. The potato planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower parts of both sides of the sowing plow have ditch shoulders. 3. The potato planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: several axial trapezoidal bosses are evenly distributed on the outer rim of the traveling wheel. 4. The potato planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seeding plow, the fertilization pipeline, the seed delivery pipeline, and the soil covering brush are located on the same vertical plane.