The sugarcane in Yield in Cold sugarcane district is reserved seed for planting and protects pocket method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sugarcane kind stem storage and the guard method of stubble cane pocket of Yield in Cold sugarcane district.
Background technology
Yield in Cold sugarcane district belongs to the secondary suitable area of cane planting or critical area, winter temperature is lower, very easily occur that extreme temperature is lower than the frost and snow weather of less than 0 ~-5 DEG C, and the duration is longer, cause sugarcane kind stem, the freeze injury of stubble cane pocket, cause sugarcane kind stem percent of loss high, it is low that strain rate sent out by kind stem emergence rate or stubble cane pocket, seriously constrains the sustainable development of Yield in Cold sugarcane district Sugarcane Industry.
First must solve sugarcane kind stem at sugarcane Yield in Cold sugarcane district development Sugarcane Industry to reserve seed for planting and this two critical problems protected by stubble cane pocket; this type of area current often adopts the method for storing sth. in a cellar or cheating Tibetan to carry out kind of a stem and reserves seed for planting; the protection of stubble cane pocket then adopts ridging antifreezing measures; but sugarcane kind stem percent of loss is all more than 30%, and stubble cane pocket protected effect is undesirable.This method not only digs cellar for storing things, dig pit, to plant the work operating costs such as stem carrying, perennial root ridging high, and technical requirement is relatively high, simultaneously owing to store sth. in a cellar or cheat the kind stem amount of hiding comparatively large, usually cause time as not in place in administrative skill and burn cellar for storing things, burn and cheat, cause serious economic loss.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned Problems existing, the invention provides provides a kind of Yield in Cold sugarcane district sugarcane to reserve seed for planting to protect pocket method, and solve sugarcane kind stem simultaneously and to reserve seed for planting and two critical problems protected by stubble cane pocket, technical scheme of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely: emergency field adopts wide-and narrow-row ridging wholely, wide-and narrow-row line-spacing is 120 ~ 110 × 80 ~ 90cm;
(2) sow: daily mean temperature is stable to go up to sow after more than 10 DEG C, and density is 120000 buds/hectare;
(3) manage: sugarcane utilizes sugarcane operation of earthing up to form sugarcane kind stem storage ditch in narrow row, ditch depth 25 ~ 30cm, furrow width 40 ~ 50cm after terminating tillering stage, other management is undertaken by local Routine Management;
(4) choose seeds: after sugarcane comes to the ripening period, before frost season arrives, and daily mean temperature is stabilized in the fine day between 4 ~ 8 DEG C, select plant strain growth sturdy, reserve seed for planting without the plant of obvious damage by disease and insect.Adopt the fast hoe 3 ~ 5cm that buries to carry out cutting sugarcane, plant stem reject blade, but leaf sheath and sugarcane need be retained slightly, and to carry out binding for subsequent use by often tying 15 ~ 20 strain ropes made of hemp;
(5) sugarcane pocket and the process of storage ditch: carry out spray with 500 times of liquid carbendazim and disinfect;
(6) stem process is planted: adopt 500 times of liquid carbendazim to carry out complete stool and spray, emphasis sprays knife-edge part;
(7) storage process: plant stem airing after 1 ~ 2 day, bundled kind stem adopts root to root, and the mode of ending to ending is put in storage ditch, generally places 1 ~ 2 layer, and root and root joint earthing 3 ~ 5cm thick.Around sugarcane kind stem, spread fertilizer over the fields raticide simultaneously, with field sugarcane leaf mulch storage ditch and sugarcane pocket, cover width 80 ~ 100cm, thickness 8 ~ 10cm, then sprays 500 times of liquid carbendazim, above sugarcane leaf, covers fine earth, be advisable to push down sugarcane leaf, unsuitable blocked up, and between wide every trade, dig dark 40 ~ 50cm, the drain ditch of wide 25 ~ 30cm;
(8) storage management: plant the management of stem storage and be divided into early stage, mid-term, later stage.All will note storing the mutual adjustment of the temperature of sugarcane kind, wet, gas in three periods, general temperature controls at 4 ~ 8 DEG C, and relative moisture controls 70 ~ 85%, and carries out inside and outside gas exchanges according to different times.According to the twenty-four solar terms, prophase management: general now temperature is higher, mainly control temperature before heavy snow, prevent the too high formation of temperature from burning seedling, keep inside and outside gas exchanges, unsuitable earthing is blocked up; Middle term management: during being generally heavy snow to the beginning of spring, mercury dropped is obvious, progressively thick soil stratum should be added along with the reduction of temperature, its thickness is advisable to exceed local frozen soil layer thickness over the years, temperature too low or continuous overcast and rainy time can add the insulation of lid layer mulch film, but temperature rises and rainfall terminate after should carry out mulching treatment immediately; Final-period management: after being generally the beginning of spring, the temperature rises obviously, should gradually reduce overlying soil thickness along with the rising of temperature, and keep inside and outside gas exchanges, prevents from burning seedling.
(9) plant stem to screen: when after the beginning of spring, the stable rise of daily mean temperature is to more than 8 ~ 13 DEG C, the soil above storage sugarcane kind stem, sugarcane leaf are moved in wide row drain ditch and carry out landfill, take out sugarcane kind stem, rejecting downright bad kind stem and sugarcane can be sowed after a while.
(10) stubble cane pocket management: stubble cane pocket carries out loose pocket, pours water, applies fertilizer and covering with plastic film.
The present invention with store sth. in a cellar or cheat compared with the method for hiding; can solve simultaneously sugarcane kind stem reserve seed for planting and stubble cane pocket protect two critical problems; sugarcane kind stem percent of loss comparatively store sth. in a cellar and cheat hide method on average reduce by 16.5% and 19.87%; plant stem emergence rate and on average improve 12.56% and 11.03%; stubble cane pocket is sent out strain rate and is on average improved 13.53% and 10.03%, plant stem storage and sugarcane pocket protected effect remarkable.
Embodiment
Be described further below by 3 preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The sugarcane in Yield in Cold sugarcane district is reserved seed for planting and protects a pocket method, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) wholely: emergency field adopts wide-and narrow-row ridging wholely, wide-and narrow-row line-spacing is 120 × 80cm;
(2) sow: daily mean temperature is stable to go up to sow after more than 10 DEG C, and density is 120000 buds/hectare;
(3) manage: sugarcane utilizes sugarcane operation of earthing up to form sugarcane kind stem storage ditch in narrow row, ditch depth 25cm, furrow width 40cm after terminating tillering stage, other management is undertaken by local Routine Management;
(4) choose seeds: after sugarcane comes to the ripening period, before frost season arrives, and daily mean temperature is stabilized in the fine day between 4 DEG C, select plant strain growth sturdy, reserve seed for planting without the plant of obvious damage by disease and insect.Adopt the fast hoe 3 ~ 5cm that buries to carry out cutting sugarcane, plant stem reject blade, but leaf sheath and sugarcane need be retained slightly, and to carry out binding for subsequent use by often tying 15 ~ 20 strain ropes made of hemp;
(5) sugarcane pocket and the process of storage ditch: carry out spray with 500 times of liquid carbendazim and disinfect;
(6) stem process is planted: adopt 500 times of liquid carbendazim to carry out complete stool and spray, emphasis sprays knife-edge part;
(7) storage process: plant stem airing after 1 ~ 2 day, bundled kind stem adopts root to root, and the mode of ending to ending is put in storage ditch, generally places 1 ~ 2 layer, and at root and root joint earthing 3 ~ 5cm.Around sugarcane kind stem, spread fertilizer over the fields raticide simultaneously, with field sugarcane leaf mulch storage ditch and sugarcane pocket, cover width 80 ~ 100cm, thickness 8 ~ 10cm, then sprays 500 times of liquid carbendazim, above sugarcane leaf, covers fine earth, be advisable to push down sugarcane leaf, unsuitable blocked up, and between wide every trade, dig dark 40 ~ 50cm, the drain ditch of wide 25 ~ 30cm;
(8) storage management: plant the management of stem storage and be divided into early stage, mid-term, later stage.All will note storing the mutual adjustment of the temperature of sugarcane kind, wet, gas in three periods, general temperature controls at 4 ~ 8 DEG C, and relative moisture controls 70 ~ 85%, and carries out inside and outside gas exchanges according to different times.Prophase management: general now temperature is higher, mainly control temperature before heavy snow, prevent the too high formation of temperature from burning seedling, keep inside and outside gas exchanges, unsuitable earthing is blocked up; Middle term management: during being generally heavy snow to the beginning of spring, mercury dropped is obvious, progressively thick soil stratum should be added along with the reduction of temperature, its thickness is advisable to exceed local frozen soil layer thickness over the years, temperature too low or continuous overcast and rainy time can add the insulation of lid layer mulch film, but temperature rises and rainfall terminate after should carry out mulching treatment immediately; Final-period management: after being generally the beginning of spring, the temperature rises obviously, should gradually reduce overlying soil thickness along with the rising of temperature, and keep inside and outside gas exchanges, prevents from burning seedling.
(9) plant stem to screen: when after the beginning of spring, the stable rise of daily mean temperature is to more than 8 DEG C, the soil above storage sugarcane kind stem, sugarcane leaf are moved in wide row drain ditch and carry out landfill, take out sugarcane kind stem, rejecting downright bad kind stem, sugarcane are sowed after a while.
(10) stubble cane pocket management: stubble cane pocket carries out loose pocket, pours water, applies fertilizer and covering with plastic film.
Adopted the present invention in 2013 to cloud sugarcane 03-194 according to above-mentioned steps, store sth. in a cellar, cheat three kinds, Tibetan stored manner and respectively store 2 tons of kind stems, wherein store sth. in a cellar, cheat the stubble cane pocket protection of hiding and adopt the process of ridging method, its result of the test is as follows:
Storage method |
Plant stem spoilage % |
Plant stem emergence rate % |
Strain rate % sent out by sugarcane pocket |
The present invention |
15.0 |
61.7 |
72.2 |
Store sth. in a cellar |
31.2 |
49.6 |
58.9 |
Hole is hidden |
34.6 |
51.6 |
62.4 |
As seen from table: under equal conditions, the present invention comparatively stores sth. in a cellar, storage method is hidden in hole, plants stem spoilage and reduces by 16.2 ~ 19.6%, plants stem emergence rate and improves 12.1 ~ 10.1%, and sugarcane pocket is sent out strain rate and improved 13.3 ~ 9.8%.
Embodiment 2
The sugarcane in Yield in Cold sugarcane district is reserved seed for planting and protects a pocket method, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) wholely: emergency field adopts wide-and narrow-row ridging wholely, wide-and narrow-row line-spacing is 120 × 80cm;
(2) sow: daily mean temperature is stable to go up to sow after more than 10 DEG C, and density is 120000 buds/hectare;
(3) manage: sugarcane utilizes sugarcane operation of earthing up to form sugarcane kind stem storage ditch in narrow row, ditch depth 25cm, furrow width 45cm after terminating tillering stage, other management is undertaken by local Routine Management;
(4) choose seeds: after sugarcane comes to the ripening period, before frost season arrives, and daily mean temperature is stabilized in the fine day between 6 DEG C, select plant strain growth sturdy, reserve seed for planting without the plant of obvious damage by disease and insect.Adopt the fast hoe 3 ~ 5cm that buries to carry out cutting sugarcane, plant stem reject blade, but leaf sheath and sugarcane need be retained slightly, and to carry out binding for subsequent use by often tying 15 ~ 20 strain ropes made of hemp;
(5) sugarcane pocket and the process of storage ditch: carry out spray with 500 times of liquid carbendazim and disinfect;
(6) stem process is planted: adopt 500 times of liquid carbendazim to carry out complete stool and spray, emphasis sprays knife-edge part;
(7) storage process: plant stem airing after 1 ~ 2 day, bundled kind stem adopts root to root, and the mode of ending to ending is put in storage ditch, generally places 1 ~ 2 layer, and at root and root joint earthing 3 ~ 5cm.Around sugarcane kind stem, spread fertilizer over the fields raticide simultaneously, with field sugarcane leaf mulch storage ditch and sugarcane pocket, cover width 80 ~ 100cm, thickness 8 ~ 10cm, then sprays 500 times of liquid carbendazim, above sugarcane leaf, covers fine earth, be advisable to push down sugarcane leaf, unsuitable blocked up, and between wide every trade, dig dark 40 ~ 50cm, the drain ditch of wide 25 ~ 30cm;
(8) storage management: plant the management of stem storage and be divided into early stage, mid-term, later stage.All will note storing the mutual adjustment of the temperature of sugarcane kind, wet, gas in three periods, general temperature controls at 4 ~ 8 DEG C, and relative moisture controls 70 ~ 85%, and carries out inside and outside gas exchanges according to different times.Prophase management: general now temperature is higher, mainly control temperature before heavy snow, prevent the too high formation of temperature from burning seedling, keep inside and outside gas exchanges, unsuitable earthing is blocked up; Middle term management: during being generally heavy snow to the beginning of spring, mercury dropped is obvious, progressively thick soil stratum should be added along with the reduction of temperature, its thickness is advisable to exceed local frozen soil layer thickness over the years, temperature too low or continuous overcast and rainy time can add the insulation of lid layer mulch film, but temperature rises and rainfall terminate after should carry out mulching treatment immediately; Final-period management: after being generally the beginning of spring, the temperature rises obviously, should gradually reduce overlying soil thickness along with the rising of temperature, and keep inside and outside gas exchanges, prevents from burning seedling.
(9) plant stem to screen: when after the beginning of spring, the stable rise of daily mean temperature is to more than 11 DEG C, the soil above storage sugarcane kind stem, sugarcane leaf are moved in wide row drain ditch and carry out landfill, take out sugarcane kind stem, rejecting downright bad kind stem, sugarcane are sowed after a while.
(10) stubble cane pocket management: stubble cane pocket carries out loose pocket, pours water, applies fertilizer and covering with plastic film.
Adopted the present invention in 2013 to cloud sugarcane 03-194 according to above-mentioned steps, store sth. in a cellar, cheat three kinds, Tibetan stored manner and respectively store 2 tons of kind stems, wherein store sth. in a cellar, cheat the stubble cane pocket protection of hiding and adopt the process of ridging method, its result of the test is as follows:
Storage method |
Plant stem spoilage % |
Plant stem emergence rate % |
Strain rate % sent out by sugarcane pocket |
The present invention |
15.4 |
63.1 |
73.5 |
Store sth. in a cellar |
32.3 |
50.9 |
60.6 |
Hole is hidden |
35.3 |
52.6 |
63.8 |
As seen from table: under equal conditions, the present invention comparatively stores sth. in a cellar, storage method is hidden in hole, plants stem spoilage and reduces by 16.9 ~ 19.9%, plants stem emergence rate and improves 12.2 ~ 10.5%, and sugarcane pocket is sent out strain rate and improved 12.9 ~ 9.7%.
Embodiment 3
The sugarcane in Yield in Cold sugarcane district is reserved seed for planting and protects a pocket method, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) wholely: emergency field adopts wide-and narrow-row ridging wholely, wide-and narrow-row line-spacing is 110 × 90cm;
(2) sow: daily mean temperature is stable to go up to sow after more than 10 DEG C, and density is 120000 buds/hectare;
(3) manage: sugarcane utilizes sugarcane operation of earthing up to form sugarcane kind stem storage ditch in narrow row, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width 50cm after terminating tillering stage, other management is undertaken by local Routine Management;
(4) choose seeds: after sugarcane comes to the ripening period, before frost season arrives, and daily mean temperature is stabilized in the fine day between 8 DEG C, select plant strain growth sturdy, reserve seed for planting without the plant of obvious damage by disease and insect.Adopt the fast hoe 3 ~ 5cm that buries to carry out cutting sugarcane, plant stem reject blade, but leaf sheath and sugarcane need be retained slightly, and to carry out binding for subsequent use by often tying 15 ~ 20 strain ropes made of hemp;
(5) sugarcane pocket and the process of storage ditch: carry out spray with 500 times of liquid carbendazim and disinfect;
(6) stem process is planted: adopt 500 times of liquid carbendazim to carry out complete stool and spray, emphasis sprays knife-edge part;
(7) storage process: plant stem airing after 1 ~ 2 day, bundled kind stem adopts root to root, and the mode of ending to ending is put in storage ditch, generally places 1 ~ 2 layer, and at root and root joint earthing 3 ~ 5cm.Around sugarcane kind stem, spread fertilizer over the fields raticide simultaneously, with field sugarcane leaf mulch storage ditch and sugarcane pocket, cover width 80 ~ 100cm, thickness 8 ~ 10cm, then sprays 500 times of liquid carbendazim, above sugarcane leaf, covers fine earth, be advisable to push down sugarcane leaf, unsuitable blocked up, and between wide every trade, dig dark 40 ~ 50cm, the drain ditch of wide 25 ~ 30cm;
(8) storage management: plant the management of stem storage and be divided into early stage, mid-term, later stage.All will note storing the mutual adjustment of the temperature of sugarcane kind, wet, gas in three periods, general temperature controls at 4 ~ 8 DEG C, and relative moisture controls 70 ~ 85%, and carries out inside and outside gas exchanges according to different times.Prophase management: general now temperature is higher, mainly control temperature before heavy snow, prevent the too high formation of temperature from burning seedling, keep inside and outside gas exchanges, unsuitable earthing is blocked up; Middle term management: during being generally heavy snow to the beginning of spring, mercury dropped is obvious, progressively thick soil stratum should be added along with the reduction of temperature, its thickness is advisable to exceed local frozen soil layer thickness over the years, temperature too low or continuous overcast and rainy time can add the insulation of lid layer mulch film, but temperature rises and rainfall terminate after should carry out mulching treatment immediately; Final-period management: after being generally the beginning of spring, the temperature rises obviously, should gradually reduce overlying soil thickness along with the rising of temperature, and keep inside and outside gas exchanges, prevents from burning seedling.
(9) plant stem to screen: when after the beginning of spring, the stable rise of daily mean temperature is to more than 13 DEG C, the soil above storage sugarcane kind stem, sugarcane leaf are moved in wide row drain ditch and carry out landfill, take out sugarcane kind stem, rejecting downright bad kind stem, sugarcane are sowed after a while.
(10) stubble cane pocket management: stubble cane pocket carries out loose pocket, pours water, applies fertilizer and covering with plastic film.
Adopted the present invention in 2013 to cloud sugarcane 03-194 according to above-mentioned steps, store sth. in a cellar and cheat three kinds, Tibetan stored manner and respectively store 2 tons of kind stems, wherein store sth. in a cellar, cheat the stubble cane pocket protection employing ridging method process of hiding, its result of the test is as follows:
Storage method |
Plant stem spoilage % |
Plant stem emergence rate % |
Strain rate % sent out by sugarcane pocket |
The present invention |
14.8 |
64.2 |
74.8 |
Store sth. in a cellar |
31.2 |
50.8 |
60.4 |
Hole is hidden |
34.9 |
51.7 |
64.2 |
As seen from the above table: under equal conditions, the present invention with store sth. in a cellar or cheat compared with the storage method hidden, plant stem spoilage and reduce by 16.4 ~ 20.1%, plant stem emergence rate and improve 13.4 ~ 12.5%, sugarcane pocket is sent out strain rate and is improved 14.4 ~ 10.6%.