A kind of method of hillside fields plantation Atractylis lancea
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural cultivation technical field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of hillside fields plantation Atractylis lancea.
Background technology
Rhizoma atractylodis (AtractylodisRhizoma) call red art, blue or green art, magic arts etc.For the dry rhizome of composite family [WTBX plant Atractylis lancea Atractylodeslancea (Thunb.) DC. or Atractylis chinensis Atractylodeschinensis (DC.) Koidz..Main chemical is Atisine chloride Atractydin (atractylodin), β-cineol (β-eudesmol), hinesol (ninesol), hydroxyl atractylone (hydroxy-atrylon) etc.Have drying damp and strengthening spleen, expelling wind and clearing away cold, effect of improving eyesight.For damp retention in middle-jiao, abdominal fullness and distention, has loose bowels, oedema, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, anemofrigid cold, yctalopia, and eyes is confused puckery waits disease.Because its volatile oil has the smell of uniqueness and fragrance, rhizoma atractylodis not only as traditional Chinese medicine, and are the important source material of many cosmetics of super quality.
Since ancient times, rhizoma atractylodis resource mainly comes from wild, is the traditional traditional Chinese medicine of China, is conventional large kind.The Atractylis chinensis tradition place of production is mainly the Inner Mongol, Liaoning, Jilin, and the Atractylis lancea tradition place of production is mainly the ground such as Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu.In recent years, due to constantly riseing of market demand, cause wild rhizoma atractylodis output to fall sharply year by year, resource is on the verge of exhaustion.According to national resources of natural crude drugs census statistics display, the eighties in last century whole nation aquatic weeds reserve is 200,000 tons.Due to for a long time, indiscriminate mining and serious waste, the growing environment deterioration of rhizoma atractylodis, and natural calamity is in addition on the point of and is sent out, and to the beginning of this century, wild rhizoma atractylodis aquatic weeds reserve is less than 10,000 tons.The statistical data of 2008 shows that the total aquatic weeds reserve in the whole nation has been down to about 2000 tons.In all conventional large natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials kinds, rhizoma atractylodis have been put into 11 rare medicinal material species catalogues in imminent danger.
Hubei is the genuine producing region of tradition of Atractylis lancea, Cao Pandi town, Yingshan County, main producing region, Hubei Province is the production base of rhizoma atractylodis medicinal material, and have passed " Good Agricultural Practices (trying) " (GAP) certification of State Food and Drug Administration, its medical material quanlity is superior, have won fame both at home and abroad, and export the country such as Japan, Korea S throughout the year.
Along with the continuous lifting of social demand, existing wild resource is due to long-term indiscriminate mining and serious waste, and the growing environment deterioration of rhizoma atractylodis, and natural calamity is in addition on the point of and is sent out, and cause the total reserves of rhizoma atractylodis sharply to decline, insufficiency of supply-demand is day by day serious; And traditional field planting pattern is afraid of a flooded difficult problem owing to being difficult to solve rhizoma atractylodis, make disease occurred frequently, be difficult to control, finally cause per unit area yield relatively low, and along with the lifting of labor cost, be now difficult to the trend meeting the large production of socialization; Be difficult to alleviate imbalance between supply and demand.
Therefore application and the popularization of rhizoma atractylodis method is planted in hillside fields, for increase rhizoma atractylodis per unit area yield, and is guaranteed to medicinal material safety, has important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventive method breaches in the planting process of existing level land, must carry out drainage waterlogging prevention, reduces the operator scheme of disease incidence by zanjon height furrow; Adopt hillside fields plantation Atractylis lancea, solve Atractylis lancea effectively and be afraid of flooded phenomenon, decrease the generation of Atractylis lancea damage by disease and insect; Improve medicinal material per mu yield, and yield rate and Product Safety are also improved, suitable popularizing planting.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A method for hillside fields plantation Atractylis lancea, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of land: planting site is selected to be rich in organic neutrality or the yellowish-brown loam of subacidity (pH6-7.5), fertile loose, the husky double mud of soil property; Planting site landform east of being advisable is shone, is kept away with a western exposure, avoids tailo;
Described hillside fields is virgin land or the hillside fields of not planting Atractylis lancea at least three years, gradient 20-40 degree.
(2) wholely: carry out turning over for twice in selected plot, threshing ground of turning in August for the first time, second time is turned over before planting; Deep-cut plantation plot with hoe when turning over, the degree of depth will reach 20cm; The plot of carrying out Soil tillage should be dry and comfortable, not muddy.
(3) protect soil trench digging: the hillside fields after turning over, open " individual " font drain ditch along slope gesture, depth of drainage ditch is no more than 15cm, and ditch ditch is through, dispersing water flow impulsive force, reduces water and soil loss.The furrow that trench digging is formed are wide is good with 75-100cm.
(4) plant:
1., by the end of October to by the end of December, on the furrow face that trench digging is formed, by the Atractylis lancea seedling that splits in advance, disinfect with the distance between rows and hills of 30*15cm, drilling is carried out, ditch depth 10cm.
2. after Atractylis lancea has been planted, be distance between rows and hills at planting area with 400*300cm, woody medicinal plant golden cypress nursery stock planted by cover.
(5) field management:
1. the Second Year of Atractylis lancea plantation is hoed up weeds four to five times from April before entering the hottest period of the summer.Should not hoe up weeds when high temperature, high humidity after entering the hottest period of the summer.3rd year (namely gathering in the crops year) of Atractylis lancea plantation repeats above-mentioned work of hoeing up weeds.Hoe up weeds at every turn lower hoe time, can not be too near apart from Atractylis lancea seedling, in order to avoid hurt the fibrous root of Atractylis lancea; The weeds too near apart from seedling pin Atractylis lancea seedling base portion on the other hand, and weeds are pulled out by another hand.Annual first time hoes up weeds and combines ridging, ditch cleaning row stain is carried out simultaneously, and uprooted by soil loose with hoe in the ranks along Atractylis lancea, hoe removes inter-row weed simultaneously.
Hoeing up weeds for the last time before entering the hottest period of the summer every year is complete, covers one deck grass thinly in the ranks at Atractylis lancea, to reach moisturizing, drought resisting, anti-weedy object.
2. after the neat seedling of Atractylis lancea, carry out twice thinning, the time carries out in early April, the 3rd, the last ten-days period of Atractylis lancea plantation respectively;
3. at the beginning of 7 months of Atractylis lancea plantation Second Year, drain ditch dredging is carried out; In time ponding is drained flooded fields after heavy rain;
4. the Second Year of Atractylis lancea plantation plays Atractylis lancea start to budding mid-August, just removes all buds incessantly from this time.3rd year (namely gathering in the crops year) early August of Atractylis lancea plantation starts to budding, and carries out repeating to pluck flower bud operation;
5. use composite fertilizer 25kg Atractylis lancea plantation Second Year mid-November every mu, in mid-April, the 3rd every mu of Atractylis lancea plantation uses composite fertilizer 50kg.
The total nutrient content of described composite fertilizer is the content ratio of 45%, NPK: 15-15-15.
6. the extermination of disease and insect pest: according to damage by disease and insect regularity of occurrence and development, conscientiously implement the plant protection work policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", strict implement " NY/T393-2000 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterion ", based on cultural control, carry out plant quarantine, biological control, physical control and chemical control etc., walk integrated control road.
(6) pick and process: Atractylis lancea optimal harvest time is that in November, the 3rd of Atractylis lancea plantation is to December.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
Adopt hillside fields plantation Atractylis lancea, solve Atractylis lancea effectively and be afraid of flooded phenomenon, decrease the damage by disease and insect that Atractylis lancea causes because of excessive by soil moisture, and then reduce Pesticide use amount, the source of medicinal material residue of pesticide obtains effective control; Improve medicinal material per mu yield, and yield rate and product quality are also improved, actual operation is strong simultaneously, and technology proper scaleization is promoted.
Embodiment
Applicant will be described in detail method of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments below.
Described in embodiment 1 and 2, Atractylis lancea is Yingshan County, Hubei Atractylis lancea; Implement place and be Cao Pandi town, Yingshan County, Hubei.
In embodiment 1 and 2, composite fertilizer used is: the content ratio of total nutrient content 45%, NPK: 15-15-15.
Embodiment 1:
Traditional Atractylis lancea implantation methods, step is as follows:
1. selection of land: planting site is chosen as and is rich in organic yellowish-brown loam, fertile loose, the husky double mud of soil property.Virgin land; Landform is level land.
2. plough: carry out 2 times and turn over, the time turns in August and plantation respectively for first 5 days.
3. wholely:
1. do furrow, base area block size hoe is made wide 0.7-1.0 meters, the high furrow within length 10 meters, and furrow face is turtleback shape, furrow furrow width 20-25 centimetre, dark 15-20 centimetre.
2. do and enclose ditch and traverse furrow: dig enclose ditch, furrow width 30-35cm, ditch depth 25-30cm in the selected field surrounding of planting of this example.Traverse furrow: traverse furrow is determined, furrow width 30-35cm, ditch depth 25-30cm according to furrow face length degree.
4. kind to plant: by the end of October to by the end of December, take the mode of drilling to plant.Every 30cm unwrapping wire in furrow, then open the plantation ditch of dark about 7cm, wide 10cm along the line.Line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, carry out pendulum kind; The soil outputed during trench digging is overlayed in the plantation ditch setting Atractylis lancea bud head.
5. field management: the Second Year of 1. planting and hoeing up weeds four times before entering the hottest period of the summer from April every year for the 3rd year, hoes up weeds for the last time complete, covers one deck grass thinly in the ranks at Atractylis lancea; 2. after the neat seedling of Atractylis lancea, carry out twice thinning, time first time carries out on April 10th, 3 in plantation; Second time is carried out on April 25th, 3 in plantation; The concrete operations of described thinning are that every strain evenly retains 7 main seedlings of stalwartness, and remaining seedling scissors wipes out or hand pinches removal; 3. drain ditch dredging was carried out July 3 at the Second Year of plantation; In time ponding is drained flooded fields after heavy rain; The Second Year of 4. planting played Atractylis lancea August 12 to start to budding, and just removes all buds incessantly from this time.The 3rd year (namely gathering in the crops year) August 5 of plantation starts to budding, and carries out repeating to pluck flower bud operation.On the Second Year November 17 of 5. planting, use composite fertilizer 25kg for every mu, on April 12nd, 3 of plantation, use composite fertilizer 50kg for every mu.6. according to damage by disease and insect regularity of occurrence and development, conscientiously implement the plant protection work policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", strict implement " NY/T393-2000 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterion ", based on cultural control, carry out plant quarantine, biological control, physical control and chemical control etc., walk integrated control road.
6. pick and process: Atractylis lancea optimal harvest time is that in November, the 3rd of Atractylis lancea plantation is to December.The present embodiment collecting time is in late November, the 3rd of plantation.
Embodiment 2:
A method for hillside fields plantation Atractylis lancea, step is as follows:
1. selection of land: planting site is selected to be rich in organic yellowish-brown loam (pH6.0-7.5), fertile loose, the husky double mud of soil property; Landform is that east is shone, in the shade of hillside fields; Virgin land, the gradient about 30 degree.
2. wholely: selected plot is carried out 2 times and turned over, threshing ground of turning in August for the first time, second time is turned over before planting for 5 days; Ploughing depth reaches 20cm; The plot of carrying out Soil tillage is dry and comfortable, not muddy.
3. protect soil trench digging: the hillside fields after turning over, open " individual " font drain ditch, depth of drainage ditch 15cm along slope gesture, ditch ditch is through, dispersing water flow impulsive force, reduces water and soil loss.The furrow that trench digging is formed are wide is 100cm.
4. kind to plant:
1., by the end of October to by the end of December, on the furrow face that trench digging is formed, by the Atractylis lancea seedling that splits in advance, disinfect with the distance between rows and hills of 30*15cm, drilling is carried out, ditch depth 10cm.
2. after Atractylis lancea has been planted, be distance between rows and hills at planting area with 400*300cm, woody medicinal plant golden cypress nursery stock planted by cover.
5. field management:
1. the Second Year of Atractylis lancea plantation is hoed up weeds four times from April before entering the hottest period of the summer.Should not hoe up weeds when high temperature, high humidity after entering the hottest period of the summer.3rd year (namely gathering in the crops year) of Atractylis lancea plantation repeats above-mentioned weeding work.Hoe up weeds at every turn lower hoe time, can not be too near apart from Atractylis lancea seedling, in order to avoid hurt the fibrous root of Atractylis lancea; The weeds too near apart from seedling pin Atractylis lancea seedling base portion on the other hand, and weeds are pulled out by another hand.Annual first time hoes up weeds and combines ridging, ditch cleaning row stain is carried out simultaneously, and uprooted by soil loose with hoe in the ranks along Atractylis lancea, hoe removes inter-row weed simultaneously.
Hoeing up weeds for the last time before entering the hottest period of the summer every year is complete, covers one deck grass thinly in the ranks at Atractylis lancea, to reach moisturizing, drought resisting, anti-weedy object.
2. after the neat seedling of Atractylis lancea, carry out twice thinning, carry out on April 10th, 3 of planting, April 25 respectively; The concrete operations of described thinning are that every strain evenly retains 7 main seedlings of stalwartness, and remaining seedling scissors wipes out or hand pinches removal;
3. drain ditch dredging is carried out in the July 3 of the Second Year of plantation; In time ponding is drained flooded fields after heavy rain;
The Second Year of 4. planting played Atractylis lancea August 12 to start to budding, and just removes all buds incessantly from this time.The 3rd year (namely gathering in the crops year) August 5 of plantation starts to budding, and carries out repeating to pluck flower bud operation;
Second Year mid-November of 5. planting every mu uses composite fertilizer 25kg, and in mid-April, the 3rd every mu of plantation uses composite fertilizer 50kg.
6. according to damage by disease and insect regularity of occurrence and development, conscientiously implement the plant protection work policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", strict implement " NY/T393-2000 pollution-free food Pesticide use criterion ", based on cultural control, carry out plant quarantine, biological control, physical control and chemical control etc., walk integrated control road.
6. pick and process: collecting time is that plantation November of the 3rd year is to December.The present embodiment collecting time is in late November, the 3rd of plantation.
Record Atractylis lancea fresh goods weight, dry product weight and the related data of embodiment 1 and 2 (each two groups) respectively.
Interpretation of result:
1. die of illness in embodiment 1 and rotten plant apparently higher than embodiment 2;
2. table (1) is the results contrast to embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 below:
The result of table (1) embodiment 1 and embodiment 2
Finally should be noted that; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not limiting the scope of the invention; although be explained in detail the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not depart from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.