CN103987391A - 用于净化肤色的视黄醛环糊精缩醛和半缩醛 - Google Patents
用于净化肤色的视黄醛环糊精缩醛和半缩醛 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103987391A CN103987391A CN201280043521.4A CN201280043521A CN103987391A CN 103987391 A CN103987391 A CN 103987391A CN 201280043521 A CN201280043521 A CN 201280043521A CN 103987391 A CN103987391 A CN 103987391A
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Abstract
本发明公开了某些有效地提供皮肤净化的多烯环糊精缩醛和半缩醛,其可用于治疗痤疮和由痤疮导致的皮肤损形和皮肤变暗;由癌、糖尿病、放疗、化疗和晒伤导致的皮肤变暗;线粒体和DNA功能障碍;老年斑;细胞抗氧化剂的损失;与老化相关的皮肤变化,包括胶原蛋白损失、皮肤柔顺性的损失、皮肤柔软性的损失、皮肤皱纹和细纹、氧化、辐射损伤、自由基造成的损伤和UV造成的损伤;干性皮肤;干燥病;鱼鳞癣;头皮屑;褐斑;角化病;黑斑病;痣;肝色斑;皮肤色素沉着,包括色素斑、黑眼圈、变暗的皮肤和瑕疵;油性皮肤;疣;湿疹;瘙痒性皮肤;银屑病;炎性皮肤病;局部炎症;角化不安;头皮干燥,及其组合。
Description
技术背景
在人类生活中,身体外表的增强成为比几乎所有其它日常生活相关的行为更重要的焦点。对于人体的美化,有比治疗人类疾病多得多的消费产品。皮肤色调和外表的改善是持续增长的、价值数十亿美元的产业,涵盖化妆品、营养品、药物和物理疗法领域。消费者的注意力集中在抗衰老剂(age-defying)、抗皱剂(anti-wrinkle)、皮肤光滑剂(skin smoothing)、亮肤剂(skin brightening)及其它类似的抗老化剂(antiaging agent)中最新的神奇成分,以下是最新的现有技术实例。
皮肤净化(skin clarification)已成为目前市场化和消费者关注的问题。经由包装(kit)或套装(set)中的二至三种产品组成的单一治疗方案,皮肤净化产品起到多种作用。这是迅速成长的市场,其代表了从十几岁到成年甚至更年长的年龄组。美国的皮肤净化市场被估计为20亿美元,这些产品有超过2千万消费者。这些皮肤净化剂的治疗益处包括:(i)使被痤疮疤痕、伤口疤痕、由诸如天花的疾病留下的斑纹(markings)、皮肤瑕疵(blemish)和皮肤“缺陷”损伤的皮肤变光滑,(ii)使皮肤色调与痤疮疤痕、伤口疤痕、由诸如天花的疾病留下的斑纹、皮肤瑕疵和其它皮肤“缺陷”导致的皮肤变色平衡,(iii)减少或去除老年斑(age spot)、皮肤斑点、令人不快的“美人斑”、由于分娩而在腹部留下的牵拉痕迹的变色以及由于暴露于阳光下而导致的皮肤变色,(iv)使深色皮肤区域发亮而使皮肤色调发亮以达到更好的面部光亮,(v)控制皮肤油性或皮肤干性以达到无瑕的肤色(complexion),(vi)更新死皮细胞以促进新的生长以达到有活力的皮肤,(vii)减少或去除皱纹和细纹以达到更光滑的皮肤,以及(viii)注入必需的营养素以促进健康皮肤的生长和容光焕发的外表。
本发明解决了对与需要皮肤净化的皮肤的生物学相关的问题的解决方案的需求。
发明概述
本发明公开了某些式(Ia)和式(Ib)多烯环糊精缩醛和半缩醛:
其中n=0、1、2、3或4,且优选n=1、2或3;且
X选自0(键)、-CH2-CH2-O-和-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-,且优选X为0(键);且
Z选自H、-CH2-CH2-OH、-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH、-SO3H、-SO3M、-PO3H2、-PO3M和-PO3M2,且优选Z为H;且
R=类维生素A(retinoid)或类胡萝卜素;且
M选自Na、K、Ca、Mg、Ba、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe、Co和Ni。
式(Ia)和式(Ib)化合物可以有效地提供皮肤净化,其可用于治疗由包括但不限于以下的状况(condition)导致的问题皮肤(challenged skin):癌、糖尿病、放疗、化疗和晒伤;线粒体功能障碍;老年斑;痤疮、细胞抗氧化剂的损失;与老化相关的皮肤变化,包括胶原蛋白损失、皮肤柔顺性(pliability)的损失、皮肤柔软性(suppleness)的损失、皮肤皱纹和细纹、氧化、辐射损伤、自由基造成的损伤和UV造成的损伤;干性皮肤;干燥病;鱼鳞癣;头皮屑;褐斑;角化病;黑斑病;痣;肝色斑;皮肤色素沉着,包括色素斑、黑眼圈、变暗的皮肤和瑕疵;油性皮肤;疣;湿疹;瘙痒性皮肤;银屑病;炎性皮肤病;局部炎症(topical inflammation);角化不安(disturbedkeratinization);头皮干燥、皮肤色素减退,及其组合。
本文所用的以下术语具有下文给出的含义。
问题皮肤。由内部器官的疾病及其治疗引起的皮肤疾病。实例包括由糖尿病、癌、放疗、化疗和晒伤(太阳辐射)引起的问题皮肤状况。
“手性修正的(Chirally-Correct)”。具有带有四个不同取代基的四面体碳原子的分子、配合物(complex)或离子对被称为手性的;该碳原子被称为手性碳。这些化合物就它们如何与甘油醛相关联而被指定为大写的“D”或大写的“L”。大部分天然存在的物质遵循甘油醛的“L”对映体。在各种情况下,“手性修正的”对映体是天然存在的这种“D”或“L”。
d或l;(+)或(-)。这些表示分子的光学旋转方向。
非对映异构体。非对映异构体是不为对映异构体的立体异构体。
对映异构体。对映异构体是互为镜像的、不可重叠的两个立体异构体中的一个。
离子对。通过电子供体和电子受体作用剂之间或者带正电荷和带负电荷的作用剂之间的离子键形成的化合物。
右(R)或左(S)分别涉及手性分子或原子基于Cahn-Ingold-Prelog规则的右手或左手构型。右旋(d或+)和左旋(l或-)表示这些手性分子赋予平面偏振光的光学旋转的方向。
有机。为、含有、或涉及碳化合物,尤其是其中氢与碳连接的那些,无论其源自活的有机体或无生命的有机体。
皮肤净化。对某些皮肤病学病症提供治疗的作用剂,所述皮肤病学病症包括由癌、糖尿病、放疗、化疗和晒伤导致的问题皮肤;线粒体功能障碍;老年斑;痤疮、细胞抗氧化剂的损失;与老化相关的皮肤变化,包括胶原蛋白损失、皮肤柔顺性的损失、皮肤柔软性的损失、皮肤皱纹和细纹、氧化、辐射损伤、自由基造成的损伤和UV造成的损伤;干性皮肤;干燥病;鱼鳞癣;头皮屑;褐斑;角化病;黑斑病;痣;肝色斑;皮肤色素沉着,包括色素斑、黑眼圈、变暗的皮肤和瑕疵;油性皮肤;疣;湿疹;瘙痒性皮肤;银屑病;炎性皮肤病;局部炎症;角化不安;头皮干燥;皮肤色素减退,及其组合。
相关技术的描述
环糊精是由五个或更多个α-(1-4)-连接的脱水葡萄糖单元组成的环状低聚糖。通过淀粉的酶促转化制备的α-、β-或γ-环糊精(图1、图2和图3)在其腔的直径方面不同,并且通常适于包含或截留大量有机物质,这些有机物质的实例如下所述。
环糊精与包括药物在内的许多有机化合物形成包合配合物[(Challa等人,AAPS Pharm Sci Tech,6,E329(2005)]。
Munoz等人[(Journal of Pharmaceutical&Biomedical Analysis,14,909(1996);Munoz等人,Analytica Chimica Acta,227,297(1989)]公开了某些类维生素A环糊精配合物,包括视黄醛β-环糊精配合物。
Pitha(美国专利4,371,673)公开了类维生素A聚合物的某些环糊精配合物。
Moldenhauer等人(美国专利5,985,296)公开了由配合物组成的组合物,所述配合物选自γ-环糊精与视黄醛的配合物以及γ-环糊精与视黄醛衍生物的配合物,所述视黄醛衍生物选自视黄基酯和视黄酸;其中所述视黄醛和视黄醛衍生物和所述γ-环糊精以1:20至1:1的视黄醇与γ-环糊精的重量比存在。
Zawadzki等人[(J Natl Cancer Inst.65,1011-5(1985)]公开了水溶性的聚合物-连接形式的视黄醛。视黄醛在α-和β-环糊精的存在下与羧甲基葡聚糖的酰肼缀合。
Loftsson等人[(Pharmazie,63,171-9(2008)]公开了可以通过将亲脂性药物配制成亲水性药物/环糊精配合物溶液而获得增强的药物经过结膜/巩膜至视网膜的递送。
值得注意的是,上述的环糊精包合配合物尽管可以具有其自身独特的物理和化学性质,但通常它们是由两种化学上不同的分子组成的(环糊精是主体且另一有机分子是客体),且似乎在主体与客体分子之间没有共价键形成。
附图的一些视图的简要描述
图1:γ-环糊精。
图2:α-环糊精。
图3:β-环糊精。
详述
本发明公开了某些式(Ia)和式(Ib)视黄醛环糊精缩醛和半缩醛。它们是通过诸如视黄醛的多烯醛与诸如γ-环糊精的环糊精的反应制备的。在所述反应分子之间形成共价化学键,导致形成相应的缩醛或半缩醛化合物。此外,半缩醛位置的碳原子可以具有(R)或(S)立体化学。因此这些化合物可以以其(R)或(S)形式存在,如式(III)至式(V)所示,所有这些均可用于本发明的生物学皮肤治疗目的:
其中,
n=0、1、2、3或4,且优选n=1、2或3。
衍生自多烯醛部分的本发明化合物的侧链可以朝向环糊精部分的多羟基腔的内部(环内的,式VII)或外部(环外的,式VIII)。这导致过多的立体化学构型和构象结构可能性。
其中,
n=0、1、2、3或4,且优选n=1、2或3。
本发明的化合物可以通过对于式(Ia和Ib)化合物所示的使环糊精(IX)与多烯醛(polyenal)(X)反应的方法或者其修改方式而制备。
其中,
n=0、1、2、3或4,且优选n=1、2或3。
所述方法包括:(i)首先将诸如视黄醛的多烯醛与有机增溶液体混合直至获得透明的混合物;(ii)在氮气或氩气气氛下向该混合物中添加适当的环糊精和水且混合1-120小时;(iii)然后将反应混合物干燥成粉末;(iv)优选的干燥方法是脉冲燃烧喷雾干燥,其是一种专门的喷雾干燥技术,被设计用来使被干燥的产物最少地暴露于任何高温。有机增溶液体选自甘油三酯、多元醇、脂肪酸酯,或其组合。
在本发明的方法中,可使用环糊精及其衍生物(包括羟乙基和羟丙基环糊精、硫酸化环糊精、磷酸化环糊精)以及所有形式的多烯醛。
在本发明的方法中,也可使用除了视黄醛之外的醛。此外,也可使用视黄醛的异构体、类似物和衍生物。也可使用视黄醛的类维生素A醛和类维生素A衍生物,包括视黄基丙酸酯(维生素A丙酸酯)和其它视黄基酯以及其它衍生物,例如Ebrey等人(Biochemistry,1975,14(18),pp3933-3941)公开的那些。
在本发明的方法中,可以使用甘油三酯、C-10至C-20脂肪酸的烷基或芳基酯、C-10至C-20脂肪醇的烷基或芳基酯、或多元醇及其组合作为有机增溶液体。
在本发明的方法中,可以使用烷基二醇,例如乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、甲基丙二醇、聚乙二醇、二醇醚(例如乙氧基二甘醇)作为有机增溶液体。
在本发明的方法中,使用脉冲燃烧喷雾干燥。其它干燥方法,例如流化床干燥、转鼓干燥、日光干燥、工业喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、微波干燥、高频干燥、冲击干燥、气流干燥、急骤干燥、传送式干燥,也可以被优化来使用。可以想象,化合物在为溶液时可以被添加到化妆品产品中而不经任何这些所述的干燥过程。
在本发明的方法中,使用多烯醛,例如类维生素A或类胡萝卜素醛,其实例是式(XI)至式(XV):
这形成相应的视黄醛或胡萝卜醛环糊精半缩醛或缩醛的类维生素A或类胡萝卜素侧链,如式(XVI)至式(XX)所示:
和
其中,
Y=式(Ia)和式(Ib)中半缩醛或缩醛碳的连接点。
本发明还提供治疗、预防、减少发生或改善与涉及以下状况的疾病相关的症状的方法,所述状况包括但不限于由痤疮造成的肤色(skincomplexion)和由痤疮导致的皮肤损形(skin disfigurements)和皮肤变暗;由癌、糖尿病、放疗、化疗和晒伤导致的问题皮肤;线粒体功能障碍;老年斑;细胞抗氧化剂的损失;与老化相关的皮肤变化,包括胶原蛋白损失、皮肤柔顺性的损失、皮肤柔软性的损失、皮肤皱纹和细纹、氧化、辐射损伤、自由基造成的损伤和UV造成的损伤;干性皮肤;干燥病;鱼鳞癣;头皮屑;褐斑;角化病;黑斑病;痣;肝色斑;皮肤色素沉着,包括色素斑、黑眼圈、变暗的皮肤和瑕疵;油性皮肤;疣;湿疹;瘙痒性皮肤;银屑病;炎性皮肤病;局部炎症;角化不安;头皮干燥,及其组合;所述方法包括施用有效量的包含本发明化合物的组合物。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的化合物在与低分子量直链烷醇(例如甲醇)反应时具有独特的脱缩醛(deacetalization)性质。与支链烷醇(例如异丙醇)或非极性剂(例如氯仿)不发生该反应。这种脱缩醛还发生在外用(topicalapplication)时。皮肤的酸性pH和局部水分的存在似乎是该反应的原因。这如下所示:
其中,
n=0、1、2、3和4,且优选n为1、2或3;且
X=H;且
Z选自H、-CH2-CH2-OH、-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH、-SO3H、-SO3M、-PO3H2、-PO3M和-PO3M2,且优选Z为H;且
M=Na、K、Ca、Mg、Ba、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe、Co和Ni。
本发明的化合物可用于治疗、预防、减少发生或改善与某些皮肤病学病症相关的症状,所述皮肤病学病症包括但不限于由癌、糖尿病、放疗、化疗和晒伤导致的问题皮肤;线粒体功能障碍;老年斑;痤疮和与痤疮有关的皮肤损形和皮肤变暗;细胞抗氧化剂的损失;与老化相关的皮肤变化,包括胶原蛋白损失、皮肤柔顺性的损失、皮肤柔软性的损失、皮肤皱纹和细纹、氧化、辐射损伤、自由基造成的损伤和UV造成的损伤;干性皮肤;干燥病;鱼鳞癣;头皮屑;褐斑;角化病;黑斑病;痣;肝色斑;皮肤色素沉着,包括色素斑、黑眼圈、变暗的皮肤和瑕疵;油性皮肤;疣;湿疹;瘙痒性皮肤;银屑病;炎性皮肤病;局部炎症;角化不安;头皮干燥,及其组合。
优选将本发明的化合物掺入在适当的载体基质或外用(topical)递送体系和任何其它期望的作用剂中。在一些实施方案中,本发明提供组合物,其包含式(Ia)化合物和/或式(Ib)化合物,或其混合物,以及一种或多种其他组分,例如但不限于:抗氧化剂、自由基、中和剂、抗炎剂、胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白助促进剂(collagen and fibrin boosting agent)、以及季铵化合物。该组合物可以包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。在一些实施方案中,该组合物包含量为约0.05重量%至40重量%,优选约0.05重量%至约25重量%,或更优选约0.1重量%至约15重量%的式(Ia)化合物和/或式(Ib)化合物。
抗氧化剂和自由基中和剂在减少皮肤老化过程和皮肤皱纹减少中的作用是现有技术中公知的。抗氧化剂和自由基中和剂可以包括在本发明的组合物中用于在更深的产生新皮肤细胞的皮肤更新层保护皮肤。因此,细胞内抗氧化剂或自由基中和剂也可以是有益的。在可用于与本发明的作用剂组合的具有多种功能的抗氧化剂中包括微生赋活因子(Abyssine)、阿萨伊(Acai)、乙酰基L-半胱氨酸、乙酰基L-肉毒碱、L-腺嘌呤、腺苷、复合褐藻(Aldavine)、三胜肽(Aldenine)、苜蓿(Alfalfa)、尿囊素(Allantoin)、熊果苷(Arbutin)、安柏叶(Ambiaty)、类肉毒杆菌素(Ameliox)、北极蔓越橘(ArcticCranberry)、Arganyl、蒿属植物(Artemisia)、L-抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、积雪草酸(Asiatic Acid)、虾青素(Astaxanthin)、β-胡萝卜素、白桦脂酸提取物、越橘(Bilberry)、蓝莓(Blueberry)提取物、卡姆果(Camu Camu)、加拿大柳草(Canadian Willowherb)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase)、猫爪草(Cat’s Claw)、番荔枝(Cherimoya)、野生黄莓(Cloudberry)、蔓越橘(Cranberry)、余甘子(Emblica)、没食子酸、虎杖(Giant Knotweed)、枸杞子(Goji Berry)、绿茶提取物、番石榴属植物(Guava)提取物、石南属植物(Heather)提取物、卡卡杜李(Kakadu Plum)、猕猴桃(Kiwi)提取物、Kudzu Zymbiozome Fermentum、荔枝皮提取物(Litchiderm)、番茄红素(Lycopene)、抗坏血酸磷酸镁(Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate)、木兰(Magnolia)提取物、山竹(Mangosteen)、药属葵(Marshmallow)提取物、美立肽(Melitane)、奶蓟(MilkThistle)、MitoProtect(Nanoheart)、Natrulon、Nectapure、诺丽(Noni)提取物、博路都树(Peumus Boldus)叶提取物、藻青蛋白(Phycocyanin)、植酸、车前属(Plantago)、野葛根(Pueraria Mirifica)、南瓜提取物、槲皮素、红三叶草(RedClover)、红葡萄酒提取物、白藜芦醇、视黄基棕榈酸酯(Retinyl Palmitate)、红景天(Rhodiola)、路易波士茶(Rooibos Tea)、超氧化物歧化酶、四氢类姜黄素(Tetrahydrocurcuminoids)、硫氧还蛋白(Thioredoxin)、硫辛酸(ThiocticAcid)、麦硫因(Thiotaine)、百里香(Thyme)提取物、生育酚、生育酚、姜黄(Turmeric)提取物、泛醌(Ubiquinone)、Venuceane、白芍(White Peony)提取物、白茶提取物及其组合。
抗炎剂可以包括在本发明的组合物中以减少由环境、个人卫生、身体美化以及饮食/个人习惯情况引起的皮肤刺激。已知皮肤刺激引起胶原蛋白的降解,这导致皮肤皱纹。能够引起皮肤刺激的环境条件的实例包括干燥的空气、UV、阳光、自由基、空气污染物等等。能够引起皮肤刺激的个人卫生状况的实例包括肥皂和清洁剂的使用、剃须和脱毛剂等等。能够引起皮肤刺激的身体美化的实例包括香料、化妆品和其它身体装饰剂。能够引起皮肤刺激的饮食/个人习惯状况的实例包括使用富含能够增强体内前列腺素合成的脂肪的食物、过量使用烟草和酒精,所有这些均已知会引起皮肤刺激。
大部分抗炎剂通过它们对酶环氧合酶-1(COX-1)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和脂氧合酶-5(LOX-5)的抑制来降低前列腺素产生而起作用。使用按摩或血管扩张剂成分以从炎症区域去除乳酸是公知的疗法。已认识到活性氧物质(例如过氧化物阴离子)引发炎症。最近,已认识到P物质在来自炎性响应的疼痛的神经传导中的作用。在新的抗炎疗法的开发中,积极研究了对炎性细胞因子的抑制。此外,最近已提示了在包括关节炎在内的若干炎性疾病中通过活化巨噬细胞引起的过量一氧化氮(NO)产生。这些方面已经更详细地描述于美国专利5,494,668;5,888,514;5,854,291;和5,916,565中。
胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白助促进剂也可以包括在本发明的组合物中。公知的是,随着自然老化过程,胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白的产生变得缓慢。这引起皮肤变薄、失去皮肤弹性以及形成皱纹。因此,在任何综合性抗老化治疗中包含胶原蛋白或纤维蛋白助促进剂对于皮肤再生具有生物学重要性。
在科学界已广泛知晓,递送体系在化妆品和药品领域是非常有用的。在最近由本申请发明人之一撰写的文章(Cosmetic Delivery Systems,Household&Personal Products Industry,常被称为HAPPI杂志,2003年1月号,第79页)中,讨论了多种现有技术递送体系的定义和益处。因此,递送体系是艺术和科学二者的组合,其能够改善消费产品或组合物的性能和对消费者的吸引力。
本发明还公开了一种外用递送体系,其包含用于健康皮肤生物学的手性校正的mitoprotectant氨基酸/酯和肽配合物的科学组合,以及一种提供对与皮肤病症相关的问题的全面解决方案的高性能递送体系。
季铵化合物已被广泛用于现代的皮肤护理剂以获得多种益处,包括调节、光亮、使皮肤光滑等等。这些铵化合物在本质上是阳离子性的,其还含有阴离子反离子作为离子对。例如,Crodasorb UV-HPP(聚季铵盐-59)是一种聚合季铵组合物,其中连接的氯化物和硫酸甲酯(methosulfate)作为阴离子反离子。本领域技术人员可以充分理解这些季铵作用剂中仅阳离子部分提供皮肤护理益处,例如防止UV造成的损伤,和保护拉伸强度、疏水性和保护皮肤的自然颜色。在另一个实例中,Incroquat UV-283(肉桂酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵)是一种UV-吸收性季铵化合物,其提供保护不受UV和自由基造成的损伤。在该实例中,该组合物的阳离子肉桂酰胺丙基三甲基铵部分提供这些益处,而阴离子(氯化物)部分不提供任何皮肤有益效果。
近年来,抗老化剂中细胞内抗氧化剂的重要性已受到关注。在化妆品产品中掺入植物性抗氧化剂日益普及,这是由于抗老化和其它皮肤色调增强益处,这与它们作为营养补充剂的用途一致。用常见的抗氧化剂(维生素E、辅酶Q10、抗坏血酸、类脂酸和大豆异黄酮等)配制的化妆品产品已出现在市场上,并声称有允诺的效果。外用抗氧化剂产品的设计提出了挑战:广谱抗氧化剂产品应当控制由生物化学机理导致的细胞内氧化,所述生物化学机理包括氧、自由基、UV、大气污染物、氧化酶、分解代谢氧化和化学氧化。选择功能性细胞内抗氧化剂和自由基中和剂以控制复杂的、经常相互关联的生物化学氧化机理,以及设计外用递送体系以经由皮肤吸收而确保生物利用度是最重要的。
由于抗氧化剂级联机理,在相同重量的基础上,抗氧化剂的组合可以比单一的抗氧化剂更有效。公知的是,抗氧化剂属于多种化学类别,例如多酚、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮等等。以下是一些实例。(在括号中指明化学类别。)芦丁(黄酮)、槲皮素(黄酮)、橙皮苷(黄酮)、香叶木苷(Diosmin)(黄酮)、芒果苷(氧杂蒽酮)、倒捻子素(氧杂蒽酮)、矢车菊素(类胡萝卜素)、虾青素(类胡萝卜素)、叶黄素(类胡萝卜素)、番茄红素(类胡萝卜素)、胡萝卜素(类胡萝卜素)、白藜芦醇(多酚)、四氢姜黄素(多酚)、迷迭香酸(多酚)、鞣花酸(多酚)、金丝桃素(多酚)、绿原酸(多酚)、橄榄苦苷(多酚)、类脂酸(二硫化物)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(二硫化物)、胱氨酸(二硫化物)、N-乙酰基-胱氨酸(二硫化物)、还原型谷胱甘肽(巯基)、半胱氨酸(cystein)(巯基)以及N-乙酰基-半胱氨酸(巯基)。
在一些实施方案中,组合物包含来自不同化学类别的抗氧化剂成分的组合以控制由多种生物化学机理导致的细胞内氧化。这些抗氧化剂还可以具有抗炎和抗菌性质。应当小心权衡抗氧化剂的总量,因为过量的抗氧化剂会具有相反的、促氧化的作用,导致产物的稳定性和性能差。抗氧化剂协同剂的使用提供另外的优势。这种协同剂的主要作用是将抗氧化剂自由基重新转化成其原始的非自由基状态,随后通过其自身破坏而转化成中性的无害分子。为此目的,经常使用羟基酸(柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、酒石酸等)。还已经报道了辅酶Q10、维生素C和槲皮素作为协同剂。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含降低粘度(例如,类似于水的粘度)的作用剂。这种粘度降低剂的实例是pH调节剂。pH可以被降低或优选被升高。
多种胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白助促进成分现在已经可商购,已知其也可以辅助细胞功能。这些成分也可以被包括在本发明的组合物中,其实例包括但不限于南非醉茄(Withania Somnifera)根提取物、泡叶藻(AscophyllumNodosum)提取物、刺海门冬(Asparagopsis Armata)提取物、附着斑鸠菊(Veronica Appendiculata)叶提取物、白桦(Betula Alba(桦树))皮/叶提取物、水飞蓟(Silybum Marianum)果提取物、氨基胍HCL、苹果(Malus Domestica)果细胞培养物、刺阿干树(Argania Spinosa)叶提取物、乙酰基六肽-8、欧洲越橘(Vaccinium Myrtillus(越橘))提取物、黑莓(Rubus Fructicosus(黑莓))果提取物、琉璃苣(Borago Officinalis)籽油、大叶醉鱼草(Buddleja Davidii)分裂组织细胞培养物、四己基癸醇抗坏血酸酯、肌肽(L)、过氧化氢酶、积雪草(Centella Asiatica)分裂组织细胞培养物、己酰基四肽-3(CaprooylTetrapeptide-3)、混合的粘多糖(Mixed Mucopolysacchardies)、糖原、三肽-2(Tripeptide-2)、高山火绒草(Leontopodium Alpinum)分裂组织细胞培养物、余甘子(Phyllanthus Emblica)果提取物、千日菊(Acmella Oleracea)提取物、穗花牡荆(Vitex Agnus Castus)提取物、抗坏血酸四异棕榈酸酯、棕榈酰六肽-6(Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-6)、宁夏枸杞(Lycium Barbarum)提取物(枸杞子)、巨藻(Macrocystis Pyrifera)提取物、酵母属(Saccharomyces)/醋杆菌属(Xylinum)红茶发酵产物、五肽-3(Pentapeptide-3)、大豆异黄酮、可可(Theobroma Cacao(可可豆(Cocoa)))籽提取物、茶(Camellia Sinensis)叶提取物、倒捻子(Garcinia Mangostana)皮提取物、荔枝(Litchi Chinesis)果皮提取物、润楠属(Machilus)树皮提取物、野桐属(Mallotus)树皮提取物、糖胺聚糖(Glycosaminoglycans)、酸橙(Citrus Aurantium Duclis)(橙花)花油、sH-多肽-15、霍霍巴(Simmondsia Chinensis(荷荷巴(Jojoba)))籽油、仙人掌(OpuntiaFicus)果实提取物、豌豆(Pisum Sativum(豌豆肽))提取物、乙酰基八肽-3、二肽二氨基丁酰基苄基酰胺二乙酸酯、棕榈酰基二肽-5、棕榈酰基二肽-6、硫辛酸(R-类脂酸)、L-麦角硫因(L-Ergothioneine)、乙酰基四肽-2和甘油野生大豆(Glycerin Soja)(大豆)蛋白。
在一些实施方案中,抗炎剂可以被包括在本发明的组合物中以降低由环境、个人卫生、身体美化以及饮食/个人习惯情况引起的皮肤刺激。应当注意的是,两种或更多种抗炎剂的混合物,尤其是属于不同生物化学机理类别的那些抗炎剂的混合物可以比相应的同等重量的单一成分更有益。这是由于多种不同的生物化学机理引起的,通过这些生物化学机理这些抗炎剂提供其有益效果。因此,多种合成的和天然的作用剂已成为可用的;下文是一些这样的实例(括号中指明它们作用的生物化学机理)。实例包括但不限于:姜根(Ginger Root)或生姜根(Zingiber Officinale Root)提取物(COX-2抑制剂)、高良姜(Galanga或Alpinia Officinarum)提取物(LOX-5抑制剂)、姜黄(Turmeric或Curcuma Longa)根提取物(超氧化物抑制剂)、芒果姜(Mango Ginger或Curcuma amada)(未知机理)、特土苷(tetuin)、辣椒(Capsicum或Capsicum Annuum)提取物(P物质抑制剂、血管舒张、超氧化物抑制剂)、丁香族(Clove Family)或丁香(Syzygium Aromaticum)提取物(COX-1、COX-2抑制剂)、吴茱萸(Evodia或Evodia Rutaecarpa)果提取物(COX-2抑制剂)、乳香属(Boswellia)或齿叶乳香(Boswellia Serrata)提取物(LOX-5抑制剂)、SAMe或S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(儿茶酚胺机理)、凤头百合属(Eucomis)或凤梨百合(Eucomis L”Herit)(COX-1抑制剂)、蛇藤属(Celastrus)或南蛇藤(Celastrus orbiculatus)(COX-1抑制剂)、肿柄菊属(Tithonia)或肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)(细胞因子抑制剂)、地肤属(Kochia)或地肤(KochiaScoparia)提取物(COX-2抑制剂)、野甘草属(Scoparia)或野甘草(Scopariadulcis)提取物(止痛剂)、羌活(Qiang Huo或Notopterygium incisum)(COX-1、LOX-5抑制剂)、肉桂(Cinnamon或Cinnamonum cassia)(一氧化氮清除剂)、墨西哥竹(Mexican Bamboo)或虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum)(一氧化氮清除剂)、黄芩(Ogon、Baikal Scullcap或Scutellaria baicalensis)(COX-2抑制剂)、黄连(Coptis)、香连(Xianglian)或黄连(Coptis chinenesis)(一氧化氮抑制剂)、补骨脂属(Psoralea)、酸模属(Rumex)、酒神菊属(Baccharis)、野甘菊属(Feverfew)、葡萄属(Vitis)、千金藤属(Stephania)(未知机理)以及紫堇属(Corydalis)或齿瓣延胡索(Corydalis Turtschaninovii)根提取物(止痛剂)。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,组合物可以包含以下的一种或多种:
姜已在阿育吠陀(Ayurvedic)和西藏医药中使用了几百年。已知姜提取物可以增加周围血流,伴随温热和刺痛感的感觉。姜含有精油和辛辣物质,例如姜辣素(gingerol)、姜烯酚(shogaol)、姜油酮(zingerone)和辣椒素(capsaicin);这些辛辣物质是其止痛性质的主要原因。最近的科学研究表明,抑制COX-2酶可能是减少炎症而不发生与不可逆的COX-1抑制相关的副作用的有效方式。姜抑制COX-2,还抑制酶5-脂氧合酶(LOX-5)。
姜黄(Curcuma longa)根茎含有姜黄素及其衍生物(类姜黄素(curcuminoids)),其颜色为亮黄色。它们的氢化衍生物四氢类姜黄素是几乎无色的物质。所有这些成分具有极好的抗炎活性。四氢类姜黄素由于其无色而在外用化妆品应用中提供益处。姜黄根茎的蒸汽蒸馏提供姜黄油,据报道其具有极好的抗炎活性。
高良姜(Alpinia officinarum),也被称为南姜(Galangal)或中国姜(ChineseGinger)产自于中国、泰国和印度。其含有精油、姜辣素和一组刺激性物质,二芳基庚烷类。研究已表明,二芳基庚烷类(以及类似的苯基烷基酮)由于其通过抑制5-脂氧合酶来阻止前列腺素生物合成而具有极好的抗关节炎性质。辣椒、辣椒素:古代玛雅民间医生使用辣椒(Capsicum frutescence)来治疗牙疼和一般性的身体疼痛。在现代西方医药中,已使用辣椒素来治疗与神经痛、神经病、骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎、膀胱痛和胃痛相关的疼痛。辣椒素是辣椒制剂中存在的活性止痛成分。它是外用止痛剂,可以抑制P物质(疼痛的神经递质)的合成、运送和释放。辣椒素还是血管扩张剂。
丁香族。丁香油和丁香花蕾从古代起就已被用于治疗牙痛和肌肉疼痛。已知该族中的多种植物,尤其是丁香(Syzygium aromaticum)、Syzygiumcorynocarpum和马六甲蒲桃(Syzygium mallacense),含有止痛成分。丁香中的丁子香酚(Eugenol)是一种血管松弛和止痛成分,其还具有很强的抗炎活性。Syzygium corynocarpum和马六甲蒲桃(Syzygium malaccense)的提取物通过阻断COX-1和COX-2酶而抑制前列腺素生物合成。海南蒲桃(Syzygiumcumini)树皮的提取物已显示具有极好的抗炎活性而没有任何对胃的副作用。最近已显示丁香油的一种组分乙酰基丁子香酚可以改变花生四烯酸代谢,导致凝血噁烷的形成减少。
吴茱萸:这种草药(吴茱萸)从古代起就已在中医中用于痢疾。由吴茱萸获得的吴茱萸次碱(Rutaecarpine)是最近介绍的一类新的直接抑制COX-2酶的抗炎成分。最近已报道了该植物的提取物的镇痛和抗炎活性。吴茱萸中存在的吴茱萸碱及其类似物也具有血管扩张和止痛活性。
乳香(Frankincense)、乳香属(Boswellia):几百年来,印度没药(Guggal)(齿叶乳香)已在阿育吠陀医药中用于治疗关节炎。乳香、没药和黄金是智者带给婴儿基督(Christ)的三种礼物。有趣的是,所有这三种在古代医药历史中均被用来治疗痛风和关节炎。乳香属是目前用于炎症的最流行的替代药物之一。最近的研究已识别了负责齿叶乳香提取物的抗炎作用的三种主要成分(被分组为乳香酸)。最近的研究已坚定地确定,乳香酸及其衍生物是白三烯合成的特异性抑制剂,这是通过它们与5-脂氧合酶的直接相互作用。
SAMe(S-腺苷甲硫氨酸):自从1952年被发现以来,其就在治疗骨关节炎方面受到广泛的关注。该物质存在于所有活的有机体中,是人体内超过40种生物化学功能所必需的。已经证明,其可以增强软骨的形成,并提供止痛抗炎作用。
凤头百合属:南非传统医药已经广泛使用了该植物的鳞茎、叶和根的提取物用于治疗疼痛、炎症和发烧。最近的工作已显示,鳞茎提取物具有最高水平的COX-1抑制剂活性。
蛇藤属:这种东方民间药物已被用于类风湿性关节炎。最近的工作已识别了强COX-1活性归因于该草药中存在的表阿夫儿茶精(epiafzelechin),其是黄酮-3-醇中的一员。肿柄菊属:肿柄菊属的提取物在中美洲被用于治疗血肿。最近的工作已显示,该提取物的成分diversifolin和圆叶肿柄菊素D(tirotundin)具有抗炎活性。有趣的是,抗炎活性来自对诸如细胞因子和趋化因子的炎性介质的合成的抑制。
野甘草属:草药野甘草在巴西民间医药中用于治疗支气管炎、胃部不适、痔疮、昆虫叮咬和皮肤伤口,并且在东方医药中用于治疗高血压。最近的研究显示,野甘草的提取物具有止痛、抗炎和类交感神经活性。
羌活:这种中草药的根提取物在传统上用于关节炎和关节痛,最近已显示其具有COX-1和LOX-5抑制活性。
肉桂:肉桂作为血管扩张剂用于疼痛和炎症的传统用途在中东和其它国家已被长期实施。最近的披露已证实了肉桂提取物通过其直接清除一氧化氮和过氧亚硝酸盐而具有镇痛和抗炎活性。
蓼属植物(Polygonum):该草药更通常被称为墨西哥竹(墨西哥)和虎杖(中国)。最近已识别了多种蓼属植物含有抗炎成分,其通过活化巨噬细胞调节NO的产生。最近的结果表明,蓼蓝(Polygonum tinctorium)提取物可能在多种病理学状况中是NO合成的潜在治疗性调节剂。
黄芩(Ogon(Ougon)):在日本汉方草药(Ogon)、中国(三黄)和俄罗斯的贝加尔地区所用的黄芩已显示抗炎、抗肝炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗氧化活性。抗炎活性归因于其活性组分黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素(wogonin)。在最近的研究中,测试了汉黄芩素作为COX-2、NO-产生和前列腺素产生的直接抑制剂,表明了其在局部炎性疾病的治疗中的潜在用途。在另一研究中,黄芩苷显示出趋化因子抑制活性。黄芩素已显示出LOX-5抑制活性。
黄连:黄连是一种中草药(香连),在日本也有使用,其因为具有高黄连素含量从而具有抗菌性质而闻名。其还含有若干种具有抗炎性质的木酚素(异落叶松脂醇(isolariciresinol)、落叶松脂醇葡萄糖苷(lariciresinol glycoside)、松脂醇(pinoresinol)、松脂醇葡萄糖苷(pinoresinol glycoside)和丁香树脂醇葡萄糖苷(syringaresinol glycoside))。从日本黄连(Coptis japonica)分离的甲基黄连碱糖苷类化合物(Woorenosides)经由其对NO产生的抑制而显示出抗炎活性。
补骨脂(Psoralea glandulosa):补骨脂是一种古老的波斯药物,其含有具有退热和抗炎活性的补骨脂酚(bakuchiol)、环补骨脂酚(cyclobakuchiols)和白芷素(angelicin)。补骨脂(Psoralea corylifolia),即印度的阿育吠陀药物(Babchi)和中国的补骨脂(BuGuZhi),由于其具有补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚(bavachinin)含量而具有抗炎、退热和止痛活性。最近从同一植物分离的补骨脂酚抑制NO合成酶基因,这暗示其具有抗炎活性。
巴天酸模(Rumex patientia)(酸模(dock))已显示出抗炎活性。
酒神菊属:酒神菊属的几种植物已显示出止痛和抗炎活性,这主要是由于它们抑制前列腺素生物合成。
野甘菊属:这种植物药(小白菊(Tanacetum parthenium))因其缓解发烧和偏头痛的益处而闻名。最近,以报道了其由于LOX-5和COX抑制而具有镇痛和抗炎活性。葡萄属:葡萄家族因其有效的抗氧化剂成分,尤其是原花青素(procyanidins)和白藜芦醇而闻名。最近,已发现在山葡萄(Vitisamurensis)中发现的白藜芦醇的四聚体通过其抑制白三烯生物合成而具有强的抗炎活性。这并不令人惊讶,因为已知若干抗氧化剂也具有抗炎活性。这种性质可能是由于它们对LOX和COX酶的抑制作用。
千金藤属:千金藤属在韩国已被长期用作用于关节肿胀的止痛剂和抗炎剂。日本千金藤(Stephania japonica)中发现的生物碱粉防己碱(Tetrandrine)因其抗炎活性而闻名。金线吊乌龟(Stephania cepharantha)中发现的生物碱千金藤碱(Cepharanthine)已显示血管扩张作用以及增强的微循环。
青牛胆属(Tinospora):印度的阿育吠陀和伊斯兰从业者已使用心叶青牛胆(Tinospora cardifolia)来治疗肝黄疸、各种皮肤疾病、风湿病、发烧和梅毒。针对人关节炎所进行的临床研究已表明其抗炎性质。对一氧化氮合成的抑制似乎是该活性的一个因素。
抗炎剂的其他实例包括但不限于:马栗树(Horse Chestnut)提取物(欧洲七叶树(Aesculus hippocastanum)提取物)、七叶灵(Esculin)、七叶树皂苷(Escin)、育亨宾(Yohimbine)、辣椒油树脂(Capsicum Oleoresin)、辣椒素、烟酸(Niacin)、烟酸酯、烟酸甲酯(Methyl Nicotinate)、烟酸苄酯(benzylNicotinate)、鲁斯可皂苷元(Ruscogenins)(假叶树(Butchers Broom;Ruscusaculeatus)提取物)、薯蓣皂苷元(Diosgenin)(胡芦巴(Trigonellafoenumgraecum;Fenugreek))、余甘子提取物(Phyllanthus emblica提取物)、积雪草苷(Asiaticoside)(积雪草提取物)、乳香提取物(齿叶乳香)、姜根提取物(姜)、胡椒碱(Piperine)、维生素K、草木犀属(Melilot)(黄香草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)提取物)、甘草次酸(Glycyrrhetinic acid)、熊果酸(Ursolicacid)、绢毛榄仁苷(Sericoside)(绢毛榄仁(Terminalia sericea)提取物)、豨莶苷(Darutoside)(豨莶草(Siegesbeckia orientalis)提取物)、齿阿米(Amni visnaga)提取物、红葡萄(Red Vine)(葡萄(Vitis-Vinifera))叶的提取物、芹菜素(apigenin)、phytosan和木犀草素(luteolin).
在一些实施方案中,胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白助促进剂可以被包括在本发明的组合物中。公知的是,随着自然老化过程,胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白的产生变得缓慢。这引起皮肤变薄、失去皮肤弹性以及形成皱纹。因此,包含胶原蛋白或纤维蛋白助促进剂对于皮肤再生具有生物学重要性。胶原蛋白或纤维蛋白助促进组合物可以选自但不限于葡糖胺、N-乙酰基-葡糖胺、软骨素、藻类提取物、壳聚糖、烟酰胺、烟酰胺衍生物、铜核苷酸、锌核苷酸、锰核苷酸、谷胱甘肽、肌肽、维生素C、维生素E、维生素A、维生素A丙酸酯、辅酶Q10、类脂酸、二甲基氨基乙醇、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸衍生物、葡糖胺抗坏血酸酯、精氨酸抗坏血酸酯、赖氨酸抗坏血酸酯、谷胱甘肽抗坏血酸酯、烟酰胺抗坏血酸酯、烟酸抗坏血酸酯、尿囊素抗坏血酸酯、肌酸抗坏血酸酯、肌酐抗坏血酸酯、软骨素抗坏血酸酯、壳聚糖抗坏血酸酯、DNA抗坏血酸酯、肌肽抗坏血酸酯、维生素E、各种维生素E衍生物、生育三烯酚(Tocotrienol)、芦丁、槲皮素、橙皮苷(甜橙(Citrussinensis))、香叶木苷(Diosmin)(甜橙)、芒果苷(芒果(Mangifera indica))、倒捻子素(倒捻子(Garcinia mangostana))、矢车菊素(越橘)、虾青素(红球藻(Haematococcus algae))、叶黄素(孔雀草(Tagetes patula))、番茄红素(番茄(Lycopersicum esculentum))、白藜芦醇(虎杖)、四氢姜黄素(姜黄)、迷迭香酸(迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis))、金丝桃素(金丝桃(Hypericumperforatum))、鞣花酸(Ellagic acid)(石榴(Punica granatum))、绿原酸(Chlorogenic acid)(寻常越橘(Vaccinium vulgaris))、橄榄苦苷(Oleuropein)(油橄榄(Olea europaea))、类脂酸、烟酰胺类脂酸酯、谷胱甘肽、穿心莲内酯(穿心莲(Andrographis paniculata))、肌肽、烟酰胺、直立委陵菜(Potentilla erecta)提取物、多酚、葡萄籽提取物、碧萝芷(Pycnogenol)(松树皮提取物)、铜核苷酸、锌核苷酸、锰核苷酸、铜葡糖苷、锌葡糖苷、锰葡糖苷及其组合。
因为毛发和指甲的活体部分的老化过程也非常类似于皮肤,所以本发明的作用剂也可用于毛发和指甲抗老化剂。
本文所引用的所有参考文献均全文并入作为参考。
实施例
给出以下实施例以例示本发明的一些实施方案。它们作为示例而非旨在限制本发明的范围。所有的量均为重量%。
实施例1.视黄醛γ-环糊精半缩醛的制备
操作:如下制备该组合物:首先将视黄醛、刺阿干树(阿干树)坚果油和戊二醇混合,直至获得透明混合物。在氮气或氩气气氛下向该混合物添加γ-环糊精和水并混合1-120小时。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。优选的干燥方法是喷雾干燥。干燥后所得的粉末含有5%至15%的水。
实施例2.视黄醛γ-环糊精半缩醛的制备
操作:如下制备该组合物:首先将视黄醛和戊二醇混合,直至获得透明混合物。在氮气或氩气气氛下向该混合物添加γ-环糊精和水并混合1-120小时。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。优选的干燥方法是喷雾干燥。干燥后所得的粉末含有5%至15%的水。
实施例3.视黄醛γ-环糊精缩醛的制备
操作:如下制备该组合物:首先将视黄醛、兴安悬钩子(籽)油和戊二醇混合,直至获得透明混合物。在氮气或氩气气氛下向该混合物添加γ-环糊精、水和蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物(和)日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物并混合1-120小时。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。优选的干燥方法是喷雾干燥。干燥后所得的粉末含有5%至15%的水。
实施例4.视黄醛γ-环糊精半缩醛的制备
操作:如下制备该组合物:首先将视黄醛、霍霍巴(荷荷巴)籽油和戊二醇混合,直至获得透明混合物。在氮气或氩气气氛下向该混合物添加γ-环糊精、水和蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物(和)日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物并混合1-120小时。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。优选的干燥方法是“脉冲燃烧喷雾干燥”,其是一种专门设计用来使被干燥的产物的温度最低化的喷雾干燥技术。
实施例5.视黄醛γ-环糊精的制备
操作:如下制备该组合物:首先将视黄醛、兴安悬钩子(野生黄莓)籽油和戊二醇混合,直至获得透明混合物。在氮气或氩气气氛下向该混合物添加γ-环糊精、水和蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物(和)日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物并混合1-120小时。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。优选的干燥方法是“脉冲燃烧喷雾干燥”,其是一种专门设计用来使被干燥的产物的温度最低化的喷雾干燥技术。
实施例6.视黄醛γ-环糊精的制备
操作:如下制备该组合物:首先将视黄醛和维生素A丙酸酯混合,直至获得透明混合物。在氮气或氩气气氛下向该混合物添加γ-环糊精、水和蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物(和)日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物并混合1-120小时。然后将溶液干燥成粉末。优选的干燥方法是“脉冲燃烧喷雾干燥”,其是一种专门设计用来使使被干燥的产物的温度最低化的喷雾干燥技术。
已给出了若干实施方案描述本发明可能的化妆品和药物用途。化妆品配制领域的技术人员可以对这些实施方案进行改变。应当理解,这些改变不会偏离随附的权利要求书中定义的本发明的精神和范围。
实施例7.身体乳液的制备
操作:将水、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、十六烷醇和异丙基棕榈酸酯加热到65C。然后使用Ultra Turax或流化床或其它这样的均质器将该混合物均质化并冷却到30C以下。向其中添加上文的实施例1中制备的粉末并与对羟基苯甲酸甲酯一起混合。
实施例8.身体乳液的制备
操作:将水、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、十六烷醇和异丙基棕榈酸酯加热到65C。然后使用Ultra Turax或流化床或其它这样的均质器将该混合物均质化并冷却到30C以下。向其中添加上文的实施例2中制备的粉末并与对羟基苯甲酸甲酯一起混合。
实施例9.身体乳液的制备
操作:将水、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、十六烷醇和异丙基棕榈酸酯加热到65C。然后使用Ultra Turax或流化床或其它这样的均质器将该混合物均质化并冷却到30C以下。向其中添加上文的实施例3中制备的粉末并与对羟基苯甲酸甲酯一起混合。
实施例10.防晒组合物的制备
操作:将水、乳化蜡NF、2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸、甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和丙二醇加热到80C并混合。然后将该混合物冷却到30C以下。在继续混合的同时,添加以下物质:葡糖酸内酯/苯甲酸钠、三乙醇胺和二氧化钛。向其中添加上文实施例1中制备的粉末。
实施例11.防晒因子(SPF)产品的制备
操作:将水、乳化蜡NF、2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸、甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和丙二醇加热到80C并混合。然后将该混合物冷却到30C以下。在继续混合的同时,添加以下物质:葡糖酸内酯/苯甲酸钠、三乙醇胺和二氧化钛。向其中添加上文实施例2中制备的粉末。
实施例12.防晒因子(SPF)产品的制备
操作:将水、乳化蜡NF、2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸、甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯和丙二醇加热到80C并混合。然后将该混合物冷却到30C以下。在继续混合的同时,添加以下物质:葡糖酸内酯/苯甲酸钠、三乙醇胺和二氧化钛。向其中添加上文实施例3中制备的粉末。
实施例13.抗皱霜
操作:将羟丙基淀粉磷酸酯与水混合,然后加热至80C。添加以下物质,并在添加之间充分混合:小烛树/荷荷巴/米糠聚甘油基-3酯(Candelilla/Jojoba/Rice Bran Polyglyceryl-3Esters)(和)甘油基硬脂酸酯(和)鲸蜡硬脂醇(和)硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠(Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate)、聚甘油基-10五硬脂酸酯(和)山萮醇(和)硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠、甘油、十六烷醇、硬脂醇和山萮醇。然后在获得均质混合物之后将该混合物冷却。在继续搅拌下添加异硬脂醇新戊酸酯(Isostearyl neopentanoate)、蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物(和)日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物以及实施例1中制备的粉末。
实施例14.抗皱霜
操作:将羟丙基淀粉磷酸酯与水混合,然后加热至80C。添加以下物质,并在添加之间充分混合:小烛树/荷荷巴/米糠聚甘油基-3酯(和)甘油基硬脂酸酯(和)鲸蜡硬脂醇(和)硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠、聚甘油基-10五硬脂酸酯(和)山萮醇(和)硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠、甘油、十六烷醇、硬脂醇和山萮醇。然后在获得均质混合物之后将该混合物冷却。在继续搅拌下添加异硬脂醇新戊酸酯、蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物(和)日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物以及实施例2中制备的粉末。
实施例15.抗皱霜
操作:将羟丙基淀粉磷酸酯与水混合,然后加热至80C。添加以下物质,并在添加之间充分混合:小烛树/荷荷巴/米糠聚甘油基-3酯(和)甘油基硬脂酸酯(和)鲸蜡硬脂醇(和)硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠、聚甘油基-10五硬脂酸酯(和)山萮醇(和)硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠、甘油、十六烷醇、硬脂醇和山萮醇。然后在获得均质混合物之后将该混合物冷却。在继续搅拌下添加异硬脂醇新戊酸酯、蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物(和)日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物以及实施例3中制备的粉末。
实施例16.抗皱霜的制备
操作:以指定的顺序添加上述成分。使卡波姆水合过夜。第二天再次混合。
化学身份的证明
将实施例1中获得的视黄醛γ-环糊精半缩醛用以下三种溶剂萃取:氯仿、异丙醇和甲醇。通过精确称量28mg于去皮重的小瓶中而制备用于分析的样品,然后将样品稀释于1.0ml HPLC级2-丙醇中用于分析。在经过特氟龙注射器过滤器过滤至<1.0um之后,将样品用2-丙醇稀释100倍以达到足以用于分析的线性。分析滤液中的视黄醛。发现回收率如下。
视黄醛(对照,不经过98.0(计算值100.0)
萃取步骤而直接分析)
这些结果清楚地表明,视黄醛不以包合配合物存在。视黄醛已经与γ-环糊精发生化学反应以形成视黄醛γ-环糊精半缩醛,其根据以下反应式与甲醇发生化学反应以形成视黄醛:
异丙醇与视黄醛γ-环糊精半缩醛的反应似乎很差。
肤色应用
本发明的化合物在暴露于局部酸性pH和皮肤水分时可以释放视黄醛和其它醛。该性质使得这些化合物有益于治疗可以被包括视黄醛在内的这些醛治疗的局部疾病。
已经报道了视黄醛可以提供以下外用治疗益处。
Cordero等人(J Cosmet Dermatol.2011Jun;10(2):110-7)报道了视黄醛/透明质酸用于控制皮肤老化,因为视黄醛被证明有效地治疗光损伤的皮肤。
Merkviladze等人(Georgian Med News.2010Sep;(186):46-50)公开了用视黄醛治疗非炎性寻常痤疮(acne vulgaris)。
Thielitz等人(J Dtsch Dermatol Ges.2010Mar;8Suppl1:S15-23)报道了外用类维生素A是痤疮控制中的重要工具,因为它们对抗黑头粉刺(comedones)和细微粉刺(microcomedones)且具有直接的抗炎作用。被批准用于痤疮治疗的物质包括维A酸(tretinoin)(全-反式-视黄酸)、异维A酸(13-顺式视黄酸)以及合成的第三代多环芳香性类维生素A阿达帕林(adapalene)和他扎罗汀(tazarotene),后者仅在美国被批准用于痤疮治疗。视黄醛被用在抗痤疮的化妆品制剂中。所有的外用类维生素A在轻度至中度痤疮中作为单一作用剂都是有效的,但效力和耐受性不同。他扎罗汀0.1%比维A酸0.025%或0.1%微球凝胶或阿达帕林0.1%凝胶或乳膏更有效。阿达帕林0.1%与维A酸0.025%或维A酸微球0.1%凝胶或维A酸0.05%乳膏或异维A酸0.05%凝胶同等有效。阿达帕林0.1%凝胶比他扎罗汀0.1%凝胶、维A酸0.025%和维A酸0.05%凝胶、维A酸0.05%乳膏、维A酸微球0.1%凝胶或异维A酸0.05%凝胶显著更好地被耐受。外用类维生素A的安全谱不同于它们的全身性相似物,且主要涉及局部副作用,例如红斑、干燥、瘙痒和刺痛。目前可得的证据证明在大多数类型的痤疮中以及在维持治疗期间可使用外用类维生素A。
Mukherjee等人(Clin Interv Aging.2006;1(4):327-48)报道了对类维生素A在治疗皮肤老化中的临床效力和安全性的综述。尽管类维生素A显示在治疗皮肤老化中的前景,但与类维生素A疗法相关的刺激反应,例如灼烧、脱皮或皮炎,限制了患者对它们的接受。该问题对于维A酸和他扎罗汀更突出,而主要由视黄醛和视黄醇代表的其它类维生素A的刺激性显著更少。为了使这些副作用最小化,已开发了多种新的药物递送体系。尤其是纳米颗粒在改善类维生素A(如维A酸和视黄醇)的稳定性、耐受性和效力方面已显示很好的潜力。
Stefanaki等人(J Cosmet Dermatol.2005Jun;4(2):130-4)报道了外用类维生素A在治疗光老化中的应用。大量不同的物质包含类维生素A家族,其在传统上被描述为维生素A衍生物。它们通过细胞核和细胞浆受体发挥它们的作用,可以改善光老化。维A酸是在光老化的治疗中被研究最充分的类维生素A。其它例如异维A酸、视黄醛和他扎罗汀,尽管没有被研究得那么充分,但也已给出了有希望的结果。
Sorg等人(Dermatol Ther.2006Sep-Oct;19(5):289-96)报道了类维生素A在药物化妆品中的益处。类维生素A是天然的和合成的维生素A衍生物。它们是亲脂性分子且很容易穿透表皮。它们的生物活性形式可以调节细胞分化和增殖中涉及的基因的表达。视黄酸(维A酸)、其13-顺式异构体异维A酸以及各种合成类维生素A被用于治疗目的,而视黄醛、视黄醇和视黄基酯由于它们向视黄酸的受控转化或者它们直接的受体非依赖性生物作用,可以被用作药物化妆品。因此,预期这些天然视黄酸前体在以下方面有用:(i)更新表皮细胞,(ii)作为UV过滤剂起作用,(iii)防止氧化应激,(iv)控制皮肤细菌群落,以及(v)改善皮肤老化和光老化。视黄醇和视黄基酯不是刺激性的,但仅显示中等的临床有效性。另一方面,被相当好地耐受的视黄醛似乎是最有效的药物化妆品类维生素A;其对于氧化应激、皮肤细菌群落、表皮更新和光老化具有显著的有效性。
Ortonne(Dermatol Ther.2006Sep-Oct;19(5):280-8)报道了色素失调的类维生素A疗法。诸如全-反式-视黄酸(RA)、13-顺式-视黄酸(异维A酸)、视黄醇、视黄醛、他扎罗汀和阿达帕林的外用类维生素A已显示出改善包括斑纹和光化性痣在内的光损伤皮肤的色素沉着异常。已表明RA单一疗法会改善黑斑病和炎症后色素沉着过多。此外,RA与氢醌或4-羟基苯甲醚或壬二酸的组合增加脱色剂用于治疗黑斑病、光化性痣和炎症后色素沉着过多的效力。这些效应的基本机理并未完全清楚。外用类维生素A刺激表皮角化细胞的细胞更新并促进黑素体转移的减少和黑色素经由表皮生成的快速损失。在细胞分化的控制中也涉及外用类维生素A。类维生素A-诱导的角质层和渗透性屏障的变化也可以有利于脱色剂穿透表皮并增加它们的生物利用度,导致脱色增加。此外,若干体外研究表明,顺式-和反式-视黄酸在酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素合成方面抑制UV-B刺激的黑素生成。有可能外用类维生素A通过直接作用于黑素细胞和表皮角化细胞而调节表皮黑色素数目。
Stratigos等人(Drugs.2005;65(8):1061-72)报道了外用类维生素A在治疗光老化中的作用。皮肤的老化是复杂的生物学过程,其受到若干内在和外在因素的相互作用的影响。内在或自然老化是不可避免的、遗传编程的过程,其具有不明确的潜在机理,目前对此没有可用的预防或有效的治疗。光老化是指肉眼可见的和显微镜可见的皮肤变化,其由累积暴露于UV辐射引起,且在自然老化的背景上叠加。尽管其主要是具有显著心理作用的美学问题,但光老化构成出现癌症前期和癌症性皮肤损伤的背景。大量的临床和组织学证据表明,通过使用外用类维生素A,可以在某种程度上逆转由过量阳光暴露引起的某些结构变化。多种类维生素A化合物,例如维A酸、异维A酸、视黄醛和他扎罗汀,已被用于治疗光老化皮肤,并显示有益的临床和组织学效果。
Sorg等人(Photochem Photobiol.2005Jul-Aug;81(4):830-6)报道了外用类维生素A在无毛小鼠中于急性UV-B暴露之后防止DNA损伤和细胞凋亡。
Kasraee等人(Dermatology.2005;210Suppl1:30-4)报道了RALGA(其是刺激性较弱的类维生素A视黄醛与乙醇酸的组合)的脱色作用。长期以来,已知外用视黄酸(RA)使人皮肤产生轻微脱色。然而,RA在其用作外用脱色化合物时有两个主要的缺点。第一,RA可以作为刺激物起作用,且可以产生大量的红斑和皮肤脱落。第二,与其它已知的脱色化学品相比,RA具有相对弱的脱色能力。RALGA是刺激性较弱的类维生素A视黄醛(RAL;0.1%)与乙醇酸(6.4%)的组合,其在C57BL/6小鼠的尾部皮肤中比RA0.05%具有更高的皮肤脱色潜力。在减少起作用的黑素细胞的数目和/或在抑制它们合成黑色素的能力方面观察到该作用。此外,RALGA的明显的视觉可识别的脱色作用比RA出现得更早,即仅在施用1周后。因此,RALGA可以用作治疗皮肤色素沉着过多病症的脱色产品。痤疮后色素沉着过多性损伤代表痤疮患者中非常普遍的色素问题。因此,RALGA可以作为抗痤疮产品起作用,这是由于RAL(其是RA前体)的存在,其可以同时去除这些患者的痤疮后色素沉着过多性损伤。
Dreno等人(Dermatology.2005;210Suppl1:22-9)报道了外用视黄醛与乙醇酸在1,709名患者中进行的与抗痤疮治疗相关的耐受性和可接受性研究中的结果。数据显示,RAL0.1%与乙醇酸6%的组合可以与其它外用抗痤疮治疗(过氧苯甲酰和外用抗生素)联合使用,并具有极好的耐受性。
Pechere等人(Dermatology.2002;205(2):153-8)报道了外用类维生素A和视黄醛的抗菌活性。在所测试的三种类维生素A中,仅RAL显示了显著的体外抗菌活性;发现该活性对抗革兰氏阳性细菌(如金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aeureus)、微球菌属某些种(Micrococcus spp.)或痤疮丙酸杆菌(P.acnes))的参考菌株。
Vienne等人(Dermatology.1999;199Suppl1:53-6)报道了视黄醛对面部红斑痤疮的脉管组分具有有益效果。
Creidi等人(Dermatology.1999;199Suppl1:49-52)报道了通过对照临床研究使用硅氧烷皮肤复制品的图像分析,证明视黄醛在改善光老化的体征方面是有效的且被很好地耐受。
Boisnic等人(Dermatology.1999;199Suppl1:43-8)报道了在离体人皮肤模型中通过0.05%视黄醛乳膏修复UVA-引起的弹性纤维和胶原蛋白损伤。已经显示,视黄醛在其对光老化的生物学有益效果方面具有很多维A酸的性质。这些作者通过获得对由UVA暴露引起的弹性纤维和胶原蛋白改变的显著修复证实了先前的这些观察结果中的一些,尤其是对真皮结缔组织的观察结果。
Pechere等人(Dermatology.1999;199Suppl1:29-31)报道了视黄醛在体内和体外对痤疮丙酸杆菌的作用。视黄醛对抗痤疮丙酸杆菌的MIC表明直接的抗菌活性。每日外用0.05%视黄醛与痤疮丙酸杆菌密度的明显下降相关联。
如上述参考文献所述,有与视黄醛相关的外用益处:对皮肤老化的控制、对皮肤老化的治疗、对光损伤皮肤的治疗、对非炎性寻常痤疮的治疗、抗炎作用、对光老化的治疗、更新表皮细胞、用作UV过滤剂、防止氧化应激、控制皮肤细菌群落、改善皮肤老化和光老化、对皮肤色素沉着异常的治疗、防止DNA损伤、皮肤脱色作用、抗痤疮治疗、抗菌活性、面部红斑痤疮以及对UVA-引起的弹性纤维和胶原蛋白损伤的修复。因为已知局部光损伤是暗肤色、皱纹和细纹的原因,所有视黄醛治疗也治疗这些肤色问题。因为本发明的化合物由于与局部酸性pH和水分的化学反应而能够在外用时递送视黄醛,视黄醛的所有上文引用的治疗益处也可以适用于本发明的化合物。
稳定性
本发明的式(Ia)和式(Ib)化合物具有意料之外的且令人惊讶的稳定性。已发现式(Ia)半缩醛化合物具有特别有益的稳定性。这是令人惊讶的和意料之外的,因为本领域中已知本发明范围之外的其它类似的视黄醛化合物是不稳定的。根据式(XXII)的实例,推测该性质可能是由于所述半缩醛的-OH基团与这些分子中环糊精部分的伯羟基的氢键键合带来的:
其中,n=3。
然而,式(XXII)的这种稳定性的实际原因仍然不清楚。然而,这并不影响本发明化合物的皮肤护理治疗益处。
Claims (18)
1.化合物,其选自式(Ia)化合物和式(Ib)化合物:
其中,
n=0至4,且
X=键、-CH2-CH2-O-或-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-,且
Z=H、-CH2-CH2-OH、-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH、-SO3H、-SO3M、-PO3H2、-PO3M或-PO3M2,且
R=类维生素A或类胡萝卜素,且
M=Na、K、Ca、Mg、Ba、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe、Co或Ni。
2.如权利要求1所述的式(Ia)化合物或式(Ib)化合物,其中n为1、2或3,且X为键。
3.如权利要求1所述的式(Ia)化合物或式(Ib)化合物,其中R选自:
其中Y=连接点。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物是式(II)化合物:
其中n=3。
5.一种组合物,其包含权利要求1所述的化合物和一种或多种其他组分,所述其他组分选自抗氧化剂、自由基中和剂、抗炎剂、胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白助促进剂、以及季铵化合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述组合物用于药物、营养品、化妆品、外用或口服应用。
7.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述组合物还包含一种或多种以下组分:蔓生盘叶忍冬(Lonicera Caprifolium)(忍冬)花提取物、日本忍冬(Lonicera Japonica)(忍冬)花提取物。
8.一种组合物,其包含权利要求1所述的化合物、水以及一种或多种以下组分:乳化蜡、2-苯基苯并咪唑-5-磺酸、甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯、丙二醇、葡糖酸内酯/苯甲酸钠、三乙醇胺、丙烯酰二甲基牛磺酸铵/VP共聚物和二氧化钛。
9.一种组合物,其包含权利要求1所述的化合物、水以及一种或多种以下组分:羟丙基淀粉磷酸酯,小烛树、荷荷巴、米糠聚甘油基-3酯,甘油基硬脂酸酯,鲸蜡硬脂醇,硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠,聚甘油基-10五硬脂酸酯,山萮醇,硬脂酰基乳酰乳酸钠,甘油,十六烷醇,硬脂醇,异硬脂醇新戊酸酯,蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物和日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物。
10.一种组合物,其包含权利要求1所述的化合物、水、卡波姆、蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物和日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物。
11.治疗、预防、减少发生或改善与以下状况相关的症状的方法,所述状况选自痤疮和由痤疮导致的皮肤损形和皮肤变暗;由癌、糖尿病、放疗、化疗和晒伤导致的皮肤变暗;线粒体和DNA功能障碍;老年斑;细胞抗氧化剂的损失;与老化相关的皮肤变化,包括胶原蛋白损失、皮肤柔顺性的损失、皮肤柔软性的损失、皮肤皱纹和细纹、氧化、辐射损伤、自由基造成的损伤和UV造成的损伤;干性皮肤;干燥病;鱼鳞癣;头皮屑;褐斑;角化病;黑斑病;痣;肝色斑;皮肤色素沉着,包括色素斑、黑眼圈、变暗的皮肤和瑕疵;油性皮肤;疣;湿疹;瘙痒性皮肤;银屑病;炎性皮肤病;局部炎症;角化不安;头皮干燥,及其组合,所述方法包括向受试者施用权利要求1所述的化合物。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述状况为痤疮和由痤疮导致的皮肤损形和皮肤变暗。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述状况为皮肤皱纹和细纹。
14.用于制备权利要求1所述的化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:(i)将多烯醛与有机增溶液体混合直至获得透明的混合物;(ii)在氮气或氩气气氛下向所述透明的混合物中添加适当的环糊精和水且混合1-120小时以形成反应混合物;(iii)然后将所述反应混合物干燥成粉末。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述多烯醛是视黄醛。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述有机增溶液体选自甘油三酯、多元醇、视黄基丙酸酯、脂肪酸酯,或其组合。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述环糊精是γ-环糊精。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中在步骤(ii)中,进一步加入一种或多种以下组分:蔓生盘叶忍冬(忍冬)花提取物、日本忍冬(忍冬)花提取物。
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- 2012-03-06 KR KR1020147008121A patent/KR102008925B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN113101236A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-13 | 上海其然生物科技有限公司 | 具有多重抗氧化作用的即混即用美白精华液及其制备方法 |
CN113244157A (zh) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-08-13 | 何平蓉 | 一种防暗沉持妆粉饼及其制备方法 |
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CA2846898C (en) | 2017-09-19 |
AU2012304886A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
EP2755664A4 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
KR20140064920A (ko) | 2014-05-28 |
CA2846898A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
JP6105588B2 (ja) | 2017-03-29 |
HK1200172A1 (zh) | 2015-07-31 |
KR102008925B1 (ko) | 2019-08-08 |
US8586730B2 (en) | 2013-11-19 |
WO2013036286A3 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
WO2013036286A2 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
CN103987391B (zh) | 2018-06-29 |
EP2755664B1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
US8410079B2 (en) | 2013-04-02 |
ES2745645T3 (es) | 2020-03-03 |
EP2755664A2 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
JP2014528008A (ja) | 2014-10-23 |
AU2012304886B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
US20120035130A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
US20130072673A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
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