CN103980461A - 一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法。该方法是将聚合物多元醇在110-120℃,0.8-1MPa的条件下脱水1-2小时,冷却到室温;加入异氰酸酯,亲水性扩链剂和催化剂,充分搅拌下升温至60℃~65℃后反应1h~1.5h,再继续升温到70℃~75℃、80℃~85℃,反应1h~1.5h,得到水性聚氨酯预聚物;加入交联剂,在80℃~85℃反应1h~2h,然后再加入封端剂1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑进行封端,降温至30℃~50℃后,加入中和剂中和0.5h~1h,再细流注入蒸馏水剪切乳化,制得耐水解的水性聚氨酯;本发明所得水性聚氨酯耐水性良好,推动了水性聚氨酯的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯分散体,特别是涉及一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法,属于提高水性聚氨酯耐水性的方法。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯具有无毒、不燃、无毒、易储存、使用方便及绿色环保等优点,以其制备的涂料广泛用于轻纺、皮革、木器、塑料、建筑、造纸、汽车和工业维护等领域。近年来,随着环保法规的完善和环保意识的增强,水性聚氨酯取代溶剂型聚氨酯成为一个重要发展方向。
与溶剂型聚氨酯相比,水性聚氨酯成膜的耐介质性、耐热性和硬度都不够好,限制了它的应用。通过改性提高水性聚氨酯的耐介质性、耐热性和硬度已成为当前的研究热点。强交联作用是提高水性聚氨酯性能的一种重要方法,于单组分的水性聚氨酯体系,交联改性的方法主要是内交联法,如选择多官能团的原料,使大分子链间具有合适的交联度,但是该方法不能合成高交联度的水性聚氨酯乳液,对水性聚氨酯性能的提高有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的主要是针对现有技术所得水性聚氨酯耐水性较差的问题,提供了一种提高水性聚氨酯耐水性的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体及其制备方法。
为实现本发明目的,采用如下技术方案:
一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将聚合物多元醇在110-120℃,0.8-1MPa的条件下脱水1-2小时,冷却到室温;所述聚合物多元醇为聚酯型二元醇和聚醚型二元醇的一种或多种;
b)向步骤a)产物中加入异氰酸酯,亲水性扩链剂和催化剂,充分搅拌下升温至60℃~65℃后反应1h~1.5h,再继续升温到70℃~75℃、80℃~85℃,反应1h~1.5h,得到水性聚氨酯预聚物;所述亲水性扩链剂为含有亲水基团的多元醇;所述的催化剂为Bicat8108;
c)向步骤b)所得产物中加入交联剂,在80℃~85℃反应1h~2h,然后再加入封端剂1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑进行封端,降温至30℃~50℃后,加入中和剂中和0.5h~1h,再细流注入蒸馏水剪切乳化,制得耐水解的水性聚氨酯;所述的交联剂为环氧树脂E-51;所述中和剂为三乙胺;
以水性聚氨酯预聚物质量百分比计,聚合物多元醇占50%~65%、亲水性扩链剂占2.5%~3.5%、催化剂占0.05%~0.10%、异氰酸酯占20%~30%,中和剂占1.5%~3.5%;交联剂占5%-10%;封端剂占3%~7%,蒸馏水的加入量使得乳液的固含量保持在30~40%。
为进一步实现本发明目的,所述多元醇为聚环氧丙烷二醇、聚己内酯二醇(PCL)、聚环氧乙烷二醇和聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)中的一种或多种。
所述聚四氢呋喃二醇和聚己内酯二醇的分子量为500g/mol~3000g/mol。
所述环氧树脂的环氧值为0.51。
所述含有亲水基团的多元醇为含羧基亲水扩链剂,包括二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)或水合肼。
二异氰酸酯所含-NCO和聚合物多元醇所含-OH的物质的量比值为1.1-1.5。
所述三乙胺的加入量以达到中和度为95%-100%。
所述步骤c)中,所述蒸馏水的量为使体系中固含量30%-40%。
一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体,由上述制备方法制得。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下优点:
1)本发明1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑和KH-550均含有两个活泼H,其中1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑与预聚物中的NCO基团反应生成共价键混合网络结构,形成杂化网络结构,同时引入环氧树脂而形成交联结构,这样使得产品耐水性能稳定提高。
2)本发明在合成水性聚氨酯的过程中加入具有优异耐水性及化学稳定性的环氧树脂,进一步使合成的水性聚氨酯的耐水性达到较高的标准。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例所得水性聚氨酯预聚物的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但是本发明的实施方式不限如此。
实施例中所用原料的型号及来源如下表1:
表1
名称 | 化学名称 | 来源 |
二异氰酸酯(IPDI) | 异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯 | Bayer Materialscience |
聚合物多元醇(PTMG-1000) | 聚四氢呋喃二醇 | 日本三菱化学株式会社 |
亲水扩链剂(DMPA) | 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸 | 上海和氏璧化工有限公司 |
催化剂 | Bicat8108(20wt%) | 美国领先化学的 |
聚合物多元醇(PCL-1000) | 聚己内酯多元醇 | 日本三菱化学株式会社 |
中和剂(TEA) | 三乙胺 | 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司 |
交联剂(E-51) | 环氧树脂 | 江苏三木集团有限公司 |
封端剂 | 异丙醇 | 江苏强盛功能化学股份有限公司 |
封端剂 | 1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑 | 清远市美乐仕油墨有限公司 |
封端剂(KH-550) | 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷 | 清远市美乐仕油墨有限公司 |
实施例1
以质量份数计,将90份分子量为1000的聚己内酯多元醇与30份分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃二醇在120℃,1.0MPa的条件下真空脱水2小时,冷却到室温,加入2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)5.4份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)53.4份,催化剂Bicat8108为0.05份,充分搅拌下升温至60℃后反应1小时,再继续分别升温到70℃和80℃,各反应1小时,然后加入环氧树脂(E-51)14.3份,在80℃下反应1小时,继续加入异丙醇9.6份封端,80℃反应30分钟,降温到50℃加入三乙胺4.1份,反应30分钟,得到水性聚氨酯预聚物。
红外光谱分析
图1中3429cm-1处是氨基甲酸酯中N-H的伸缩振动吸收峰;1635cm-1是羰基(C=O)双键的伸缩振动吸收峰。这两个吸收峰主要是由异氰酸酯与羟基和胺基反应生成。在1240cm-1附近处为氨酯基中的C-O-C特征吸收峰,在2267cm-1处无明显的吸收峰,表明WPU膜中无异氰酸酯基团(-NCO)残留,这些都表明-NCO基与羟基发生反应,并生成WPU。而环氧基的特征峰(915cm-1和832cm-1)消失,而在3454cm-1处也未见得环氧树脂的羟基的特征吸收峰,红外光谱分析表明环氧树脂的羟基和环氧基全部参与反应,且生成了环氧改性的水性聚氨酯结构。
以质量份数计,接着再加入323份去离子水,1200r/min转速下乳化30分钟,得到耐水解性优异的水性聚氨酯涂料。
将得到的水性聚氨酯放在离心机内,以3000r/min的转速沉降20分钟,无明显沉淀生成。涂料制成厚度约0.5mm,大小约20mm×20mm的薄膜,浸没于质量浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液24小时,用吸水纸吸干膜表面后,测试其吸水率为5.5%,表明其具有优异的耐水性能。
环氧树脂中的羟基与聚氨酯上NCO反应形成交联结构后,再自乳化的过程中,环氧树脂处于乳液的壳层中。如果环氧树脂过量,则乳液中胶粒外壳的环氧基团也随之增加,环氧基就易被中和剂三乙胺催化开环成醚键,进而再扩链或者交联,从而耐水性能得到显著增强。
实施例2
将60份分子量为1000的聚己内酯多元醇与60份分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃二醇在120℃,1.0MPa的条件下真空脱水2小时,冷却到室温,加入2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)5.4份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)53.4份,催化剂Bicat8108为0.05份,充分搅拌下升温至60℃后反应1小时,再继续分别升温到70℃、80℃,各反应1小时,然后加入环氧树脂(E-51)14.3份,在80℃下反应1小时,继续加入异丙醇9.6份封端,80℃反应30分钟,降温到50℃加入三乙胺4.1份,反应30分钟,得到水性聚氨酯预聚物。接着再加入323份去离子水,1200r/min转速下乳化30分钟,得到耐水解性优异的水性聚氨酯涂料。将得到的水性聚氨酯放在离心机内,以3000/min的转速沉降20分钟,无明显沉淀生成。涂料制成厚度约0.5mm,大小约20mm×20mm的薄膜,浸没于浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液24小时,用吸水纸吸干膜表面后,测试其吸水率为10.0%。
实施例3
将120份分子量为1000的聚己内酯多元醇在120℃,1.0MPa左右的条件下真空脱水2小时,冷却到室温,加入2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)5.4份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)53.4份,催化剂Bicat8108为0.05份,充分搅拌下升温至60℃后反应1小时,再继续分别升温到70℃、80℃,各反应1小时,然后加入环氧树脂(E-51)14.3份,在80℃下反应1小时,继续加入异丙醇9.6份封端,80℃反应30分钟,降温到50℃加入三乙胺4.1份,反应30分钟,得到水性聚氨酯预聚物。接着再加入323份去离子水,1200r/min转速下乳化30分钟,得到耐水解性优异的水性聚氨酯涂料。将得到的水性聚氨酯放在离心机内,以3000/min的转速沉降20分钟,无明显沉淀生成。涂料制成厚度约0.5mm,大小约20mm×20mm的薄膜,浸没于浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液24小时,用吸水纸吸干膜表面后,测试其吸水率为8.5%。
实施例4
将120份分子量为1000的聚己内酯多元醇与40份分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃二醇在120℃,1.0MPa左右的条件下真空脱水2小时,冷却到室温,加入2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)7.2份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)53.4份,催化剂Bicat8108为0.05份,充分搅拌下升温至60℃后反应1小时,再继续分别升温到70℃、80℃,各反应1小时,然后加入环氧树脂(E-51)16.5份,在80℃下反应1小时,继续加入异丙醇12.8份封端,80℃反应30分钟,降温到50℃加入三乙胺4.1份,反应30分钟,得到水性聚氨酯预聚物。接着再加入323份去离子水,1200r/min转速下乳化30分钟,得到耐水解性优异的水性聚氨酯涂料。将得到的水性聚氨酯放在离心机内,以3000/min的转速沉降20分钟,无明显沉淀生成。涂料制成厚度约0.5mm,大小约20mm×20mm的薄膜,浸没于浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液24小时,用吸水纸吸干膜表面后,测试其吸水率为7.8%。
实施例5
将50份分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃二醇PTMG加热到110℃左右,抽真空,减压脱水干燥2小时,然后降温到40℃左右,与30份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)及120异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)混合,加入催化剂Bicat8108为0.05份,充分搅拌下升温至在60℃和80℃各反应1h。然后加入3份环氧树脂(E-44)再反应1h。间隔取样并用二正丁胺法滴定,当NCO%达到理论值时降温到40℃,加入三乙胺4份中和反应15min,最后分别加入8份硅烷偶联剂KH-550进行封端扩链反应,得预聚体。
将预聚体在高速搅拌下加入330份去离子水进行乳化,其中固含量调节为30%左右,控制乳化转速为1500r/min,乳化时间为30min左右。即得环氧树脂改性的封端型聚氨酯乳液。然后制成厚度约0.5mm,大小约20mm×20mm的薄膜,浸没于浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液24小时,用吸水纸吸干膜表面后,测试其吸水率为3.8%。KH-550作为封端剂是因为其含有烷氧基硅烷有机官能团的单体,且与预聚物中的NCO基团反应生成共价键混合网络结构,所生成的烷氧基可以发生溶胶-凝胶聚合反应,再经水解、缩合反应,可形成杂化网络结构,进一步提高聚氨酯交联度。
实施例6
将将60份分子量为1000的聚四氢呋喃二醇PTMG加热到110℃左右,抽真空,减压脱水干燥2小时,然后降温到40℃左右,与30份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)及120异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)混合,加入催化剂Bicat8108为0.05份,充分搅拌下升温至在60℃和80℃各反应1h。然后加入6份环氧树脂(E-51)再反应1h。间隔取样并用二正丁胺法滴定,当NCO%达到理论值时降温到40℃,加入三乙胺4份中和反应15min,最后分别加入8份1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑进行封端扩链反应,得预聚体。将预聚体在高速搅拌下加入323份去离子水进行乳化,其中固含量调节为30%左右,控制乳化转速为1500r/min,乳化时间为30min左右。即得环氧树脂改性的封端型聚氨酯乳液。然后制成厚度约0.5mm,大小约20mm×20mm的薄膜,浸没于浓度为10%的氢氧化钠溶液24小时,用吸水纸吸干膜表面后,测试其吸水率为3.6%。由于1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑和KH-550均含有两个活泼H,其中1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑与预聚物中的NCO基团反应生成共价键混合网络结构,形成杂化网络结构,可进一步提高聚氨酯交联度,故其耐水性能更好。
Claims (9)
1.一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
a)将聚合物多元醇在110-120℃,0.8-1MPa的条件下脱水1-2小时,冷却到室温;所述聚合物多元醇为聚酯型二元醇和聚醚型二元醇的一种或多种;
b)向步骤a)产物中加入异氰酸酯,亲水性扩链剂和催化剂,充分搅拌下升温至60℃~65℃后反应1h~1.5h,再继续升温到70℃~75℃、80℃~85℃,反应1h~1.5h,得到水性聚氨酯预聚物;所述亲水性扩链剂为含有亲水基团的多元醇;所述的催化剂为Bicat8108;
c)向步骤b)所得产物中加入交联剂,在80℃~85℃反应1h~2h,然后再加入封端剂1-氨丙基-2-甲基咪唑进行封端,降温至30℃~50℃后,加入中和剂中和0.5h~1h,再细流注入蒸馏水剪切乳化,制得耐水解的水性聚氨酯;所述的交联剂为环氧树脂E-51;所述中和剂为三乙胺;
以水性聚氨酯预聚物质量百分比计,聚合物多元醇占50%~65%、亲水性扩链剂占2.5%~3.5%、催化剂占0.05%~0.10%、异氰酸酯占20%~30%,中和剂占1.5%~3.5%;交联剂占5%-10%;封端剂占3%~7%,蒸馏水的加入量使得乳液的固含量保持在30~40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述多元醇为聚环氧丙烷二醇、聚己内酯二醇(PCL)、聚环氧乙烷二醇和聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚四氢呋喃二醇和聚己内酯二醇的分子量为500g/mol~3000g/mol。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述环氧树脂的环氧值为0.51。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述含有亲水基团的多元醇为含羧基亲水扩链剂,包括二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)或水合肼。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于:二异氰酸酯所含-NCO和聚合物多元醇所含-OH的物质的量比值为1.1-1.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述三乙胺的加入量以达到中和度为95%-100%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤c)中,所述蒸馏水的量为使体系中固含量30%-40%。
9.一种耐水解水性聚氨酯分散体,其特征在于其由权利要求1-8任一项所述制备方法制得。
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