CN103946317A - 氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂、印刷油墨及涂料 - Google Patents
氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂、印刷油墨及涂料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103946317A CN103946317A CN201280057560.XA CN201280057560A CN103946317A CN 103946317 A CN103946317 A CN 103946317A CN 201280057560 A CN201280057560 A CN 201280057560A CN 103946317 A CN103946317 A CN 103946317A
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- salt
- acid
- lipid acid
- unsaturated polyester
- metal
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供能够降低钴金属皂的用量、具有与钴金属皂所具有的优异的固化性能同等以上的固化性能的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂、和使用其的印刷油墨及涂料,提供固化促进剂、包含该固化促进剂的印刷油墨及涂料,所述固化促进剂含有:脂肪酸锰盐(A),下述通式(1)所示的氨基醇(B)(式中,R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,X1及X2分别独立地表示碳原子数2~6的亚烷基,Y表示-NR3-(其中,R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基。)或氧原子。),和选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐、脂肪酸钡盐及脂肪酸铁盐组成的组中的1种以上的脂肪酸的金属盐(C)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氧化聚合型不饱和树脂的固化性优异的固化促进剂、和使用其的印刷油墨和涂料。
背景技术
在使用氧化聚合型树脂作为印刷油墨、涂料等的构成成分的领域中添加催干剂作为用于使该树脂干燥的固化促进剂。作为该油墨中使用的催干剂,通常是钴、锰、铅、铁、锌等重金属与各种羧酸的金属盐(以下有时简记作“金属皂”)。
含有氧化聚合型树脂的涂料等通常在室外进行涂装,因此,要求经过一年在从低温到常温的大气温度下使涂料在短时间内固化、提高室外涂装的操作效率。因此,具有较强的固化促进性的钴、锰等有机酸金属盐主要作为氧化聚合型树脂的固化促进剂(催干剂)来使用。
钴金属皂虽然具有优异的干燥性能,但存在以下问题:若为了进一步缩短干燥时间而大量使用,则印刷油墨、涂料的表面干燥非常迅速地进行,产生结皮而成为皱褶、收缩的原因,很难兼顾快的干燥时间和因结皮而产生的皱褶、收缩的防止。
此外,作为钴金属皂的原料的钴化合物,存在以下两点:在国际癌研究机关的致癌性风险一览中被列在“疑有对人类的致癌性”的组2B中,致癌性令人担忧;由于金属钴为稀少金属,所以供给不稳定,钴金属皂在成本方面昂贵等,要求进一步降低钴金属皂的用量、并且具有高固化性能的固化促进剂。
因此,作为以更少的钴金属皂的用量得到高固化性能的例子,提出了含有钴金属皂、锰金属皂及选自二乙醇胺、二乙基乙醇胺、二丁基乙醇胺、正丁基二乙醇胺中的至少一种氨基醇的固化促进剂(例如参照专利文献1。)。然而,由于依然使用钴金属皂,所以未解决上述的致癌性的担忧、原料的供给不稳定及成本高的问题。
需要说明的是,作为不使用钴金属来防止因该结皮而产生的褶皱、收缩、并且进一步缩短干燥时间的方法,组合使用了锰皂和联吡啶的干燥促进剂(固化促进剂)在前述专利文献1被公开以前已经被提出(例如参照专利文献2。)。然而,专利文献2中记载的干燥促进剂虽然具有完全不使用钴金属皂的优点,但是用作印刷油墨、涂料的固化促进剂时,存在干燥时间变长的问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2001-49102号公报
专利文献2:美国专利第2565897号
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明要解决的课题在于,提供氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂、和使用其的印刷油墨及涂料,所述氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂能够进一步降低担忧对人体造成影响的钴金属皂的用量、具有与钴金属皂所具有的优异的固化性能同等以上的固化性能。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等反复进行了深入研究,结果发现:通过组合使用作为脂肪酸金属盐的非钴的脂肪酸锰盐,特定的氨基醇,和选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐、脂肪酸钡盐及脂肪酸铁盐组成的组中的1种以上的脂肪酸的金属盐,可以解决上述课题,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供一种氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其特征在于,其含有:
脂肪酸锰盐(A),下述通式(1)所示的氨基醇(B),和选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐、脂肪酸钡盐及脂肪酸铁盐组成的组中的1种以上的脂肪酸的金属盐(C)。
(式(1)中,R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,X1及X2分别独立地表示碳原子数2~6的亚烷基,Y表示-NR3-(其中,R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基)或氧原子。)
另外,本发明提供一种印刷油墨,其特征在于,含有前述氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂和氧化聚合型不饱和树脂。
进而,本发明提供一种涂料,其特征在于,含有前述氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂和氧化聚合型不饱和树脂。
发明的效果
本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂解决致癌性的担忧、原料的供给不稳定及成本高的问题、并且固化时间短、具有优异的固化性能。因此,可以作为以平版印刷用油墨为代表的酸值聚合干燥型印刷油墨、涂料的固化促进剂适当地利用。
具体实施方式
本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂含有:
脂肪酸锰盐(A),下述通式(1)所示的氨基醇(B),和选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐、脂肪酸钡盐及脂肪酸铁盐组成的组中的1种以上的脂肪酸的金属盐(C)。
(式(1)中,R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,X1及X2分别独立地表示碳原子数2~6的亚烷基,Y表示-NR3-(其中,R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基)或氧原子。)
前述脂肪酸锰盐(A)是脂肪酸的锰盐,作为前述脂肪酸,可列举出辛酸、环烷酸、新癸酸、异壬酸、桐油酸、亚麻仁油酸、大豆油酸、树脂酸、妥尔油脂肪酸等。这些脂肪酸锰盐(A)可以单独使用,也可以组合使用两种以上。
前述脂肪酸锰盐(A)中,从对作为印刷油墨及涂料的原料使用的溶剂的溶解性良好的理由考虑,优选脂肪酸为选自由辛酸、新癸酸、异壬酸及环烷酸组成的组中的至少1种脂肪酸。
前述脂肪酸锰盐(A)可以通过将脂肪酸制成可溶于水的盐、通常为钠盐溶解于水中,向其中加入可溶于水的锰盐,进行所谓的复分解的离子交换反应,并进行水洗、脱水、过滤而得到。
前述氨基醇(B)为下述通式(1)所示的化合物。本发明中,通过使用该具有下述通式(1)结构的氨基醇,从而印刷油墨、涂料的干燥时间(固化时间)短、能够发挥优异的固化性能。另外,由于油墨、涂料的表面干燥快速地进行,所以还可以防止引起的涂膜表面的褶皱、收缩的发生。
(式(1)中,R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,X1及X2分别独立地表示碳原子数2~6的亚烷基,Y表示-NR3-(其中,R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基)或氧原子。)
前述通式(1)所示的氨基醇(B)中,从进一步缩短固化时间的方面考虑,优选X1及X2分别为碳原子数2~3的亚烷基。通过使用X1及X2分别为碳原子数2~3的亚烷基的氨基醇,还可以防止由油墨、涂料的表面干燥快速地进行而引起的涂膜表面的褶皱、收缩的发生。
作为前述氨基醇(B)的具体例,可以优选举出2-[(2-二甲基氨基乙基)甲基氨基]乙醇、2-(2-氨基乙基)氨基乙醇、1-(2-氨基乙基)氨基-2-丙醇、2-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙醇、2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇。需要说明的是,这些氨基醇(B)可以单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
为了进一步提高固化性能,前述脂肪酸锰盐(A)中的锰金属与前述氨基醇(B)的以质量基准计的配混比(A)/(B)优选为1/0.1~1/30的范围,更优选为1/0.3~1/20的范围,进一步优选为1/0.5~1/10的范围。
本发明中使用的脂肪酸的金属盐(C)选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐、脂肪酸钡盐及脂肪酸铁盐组成的组。氧化聚合型不饱和树脂被空气中的氧氧化而不饱和键发生聚合并固化。通常,含有脂肪酸锰盐的固化促进剂的脂肪酸锰盐摄取空气中的氧,利用该氧使氧化聚合型不饱和树脂固化。本发明中,发明人等认为,脂肪酸的金属盐(C)由于促进脂肪酸锰盐(A)的空气中的氧的摄取所以提高氧化聚合型不饱和树脂的固化性。
脂肪酸铋盐为脂肪酸的铋盐,作为前述脂肪酸,可以举出辛酸、环烷酸、新癸酸、异壬酸、桐油酸、亚麻仁油酸、大豆油酸、树脂酸、妥尔油脂肪酸等。
脂肪酸锆盐为脂肪酸的锆盐,作为前述脂肪酸,可以举出辛酸、环烷酸、新癸酸、异壬酸、桐油酸、亚麻仁油酸、大豆油酸、树脂酸、妥尔油脂肪酸等。
脂肪酸钡盐为脂肪酸的钡盐,作为前述脂肪酸,可以举出辛酸、环烷酸、新癸酸、异壬酸、桐油酸、亚麻仁油酸、大豆油酸、树脂酸、妥尔油脂肪酸等。
脂肪酸铁盐为脂肪酸的铁盐,作为前述脂肪酸,可以举出辛酸、环烷酸、新癸酸、异壬酸、桐油酸、亚麻仁油酸、大豆油酸、树脂酸、妥尔油脂肪酸等。
氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂中的脂肪酸的金属盐(C)的含量根据使用的脂肪酸的金属盐的种类而适当改变,因此可以将氧化聚合型不饱和树脂的固化性最大限度地提高。例如使用选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐及脂肪酸钡盐组成的组中的1种以上的脂肪酸的金属盐(C1)作为脂肪酸的金属盐(C)时,相对于脂肪酸锰盐(A)中的锰金属1质量份,优选以金属盐(C1)中的金属的量为1~10质量份的方式含有金属盐(C1),更优选以金属盐(C1)中的金属的量为3~7质量份的方式含有金属盐(C1)。
另外,使用脂肪酸铁盐(C2)作为脂肪酸的金属盐(C)时,相对于脂肪酸锰盐(A)中的锰金属1质量份,优选以脂肪酸铁盐(C2)中的金属的量为0.1~2.0质量份的方式含有金属盐(C2),更优选以金属盐(C2)中的金属的量为0.2~1质量份的方式含有金属盐(C2)。
在不破坏本发明的效果的范围内,也可以在本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂中添加除前述脂肪酸锰盐(A)、脂肪酸的金属盐(C)以外的脂肪酸的金属盐。作为这样的脂肪酸的金属盐,例如可以举出脂肪酸镍盐、脂肪酸铜盐、脂肪酸锌盐、脂肪酸铈盐、脂肪酸钒盐、脂肪酸钙盐及脂肪酸锶盐等。其中,从可以得到氧化聚合型不饱和树脂的涂膜的指触干燥性优异的固化促进剂的方面考虑,优选脂肪酸钙盐或脂肪酸锶盐(D),更优选为脂肪酸钙盐。
作为前述脂肪酸钙盐或脂肪酸锶盐(D)的用量,优选相对于脂肪酸锰盐(A)中的锰金属1质量份,脂肪酸钙或锶盐(D)中的金属的量为1~5质量份的量。
需要说明的是,前述脂肪酸铋盐可以使用以市售品的形式被销售的产品,也可以根据需要制造。为了制造脂肪酸铋盐,可以通过例如在前述的脂肪酸中加入铋、或它们的水合物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐等铋化合物,然后在高温的气氛化中搅拌使其反应而得到。反应时的温度通常为40℃~200℃,优选为80℃~150℃。另外,反应的时间通常为1~10小时,优选为1~5小时。此处使用的脂肪酸和铋或铋化合物的摩尔比(脂肪酸/铋或铋化合物的摩尔比)通常为2.0~4.0的范围,优选为2.5~3.5的范围。
本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂优选通过将前述脂肪酸锰盐(A)及前述氨基醇(B)及脂肪酸的金属盐(C)用稀释剂(E)稀释,从而作为处理性良好的溶液使用。作为前述稀释剂,例如可举出甲苯、二甲苯、庚烷、己烷、矿物油精(mineral spirit)等烃系溶剂;甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、环己醇等醇系溶剂;甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮等酮系溶剂;丙醚、甲基溶纤剂、溶纤剂、丁基溶纤剂、甲基卡必醇等醚系溶剂;己酸甲酯、癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯等脂肪酸酯;大豆油、亚麻仁油、菜籽油、红花油等植物油脂;下述通式(2)所示的脂肪酸酯(E1)等,这些稀释剂可以仅使用1种也可以组合使用2种以上。
(式(2)中,R4为碳原子数5~11的烷基,R5为碳原子数1~3的烷基。)
前述脂肪酸酯(E1)是通过使碳原子数6~12的羧酸和碳原子数1~3的醇发生酯化反应而得到的,前述羧酸及醇的碳链可以为直链状也可以为支链状。
作为前述脂肪酸酯(E1),例如可以举出己酸甲酯、庚酸甲酯、辛酸甲酯、壬酸甲酯、癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯、己酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、壬酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、己酸丙酯、庚酸丙酯、辛酸丙酯、壬酸丙酯、癸酸丙酯、月桂酸丙酯等。这些脂肪酸酯可以单独使用也可以组合使用2种以上。另外,这些脂肪酸酯中,己酸甲酯、癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯由于臭气少所以优选。特别是月桂酸甲酯由于可以同时实现印刷油墨用催干剂的粘度降低和臭气的降低,故优选。
另外,为了制成粘度更低且处理性优异的固化促进剂,前述脂肪酸锰盐(A)、氨基醇(B)及脂肪酸的金属盐(C)的总量与前述稀释剂(E)的以质量基准计的配混比[(A)+(B)+(C)]/(E)优选为10/90~95/5的范围,更优选为40/60~80/20的范围,进一步优选为20/80~90/10的范围。
本发明的印刷油墨是将本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂、氧化聚合型不饱和树脂和着色剂配混而得到的。通常,印刷油墨由作为粘合剂树脂的清漆(氧化聚合型不饱和树脂的溶剂溶液)、作为颜料或染料的着色剂、用于调节印刷油墨粘度及干燥性的稀释剂形成。作为清漆中使用的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂,例如可以举出松香改性酚醛树脂、马来酸改性酚醛树脂、不饱和聚酯、石油树脂、醇酸树脂等。
另外,作为着色剂,可列举出炭黑、酞菁颜料、氧化铁红(Bengala)、偶氮颜料、喹吖啶酮颜料等。进而,作为稀释剂,例如可列举出甲苯、二甲苯、庚烷、己烷、矿物油精等烃系溶剂;甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、环己醇等醇系溶剂;甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮等酮系溶剂;丙醚、甲基溶纤剂、溶纤剂、丁基溶纤剂、甲基卡必醇等醚系溶剂;己酸甲酯、癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯等脂肪酸酯;大豆油、亚麻仁油、菜籽油、红花油等植物油脂等。
作为本发明的印刷油墨的制造方法,可列举出将前述清漆、着色剂、稀释溶剂、本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂、以及根据需要而使用的蜡等其它添加剂用三辊式研墨辊等研墨机进行研墨的方法。此时,本发明的印刷油墨用催干剂优选使用以所述脂肪酸酯(E1)或植物油脂稀释而得到的物质。
关于本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂在印刷油墨中的配混量,从能够兼顾短干燥时间和防止结皮的方面出发,相对于印刷油墨中的清漆100质量份,换算成锰原子,优选为0.001~1质量份的范围,更优选为0.01~0.5质量份的范围。
本发明的涂料的特征在于,含有本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂和氧化聚合型不饱和树脂。
作为前述氧化聚合型不饱和树脂,例如可以举出氧化聚合固化型醇酸树脂、氧化聚合固化型聚氨酯树脂、氧化聚合固化型改性环氧树脂等。
作为上述氧化聚合固化型醇酸树脂,可以举出以多元酸成分、多元醇成分及油脂肪酸作为主要原料成分的酯系树脂。
作为上述多元酸成分,例如可以主要使用邻苯二甲酸酐、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、琥珀酸、富马酸、己二酸、癸二酸、马来酸酐等二元酸;及这些酸的低级烷基酯化物。进而可以根据需要使用偏苯三酸酐、甲基环己烯三羧酸、均苯四酸酐等3元以上的多元酸;磺基邻苯二甲酸、磺基间苯二甲酸及它们的铵盐、钠盐、低级烷基酯化物等。另外,作为酸成分,为了分子量调整等目的,可以组合使用苯甲酸、巴豆酸、对叔丁基苯甲酸等一元酸。
作为前述多元醇成分,例如可以举出乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、3-甲基戊二醇、1,4-己二醇、1,6-己二醇等二元醇。也可以进一步根据需组合使用要甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等3元以上的多元醇;具有聚氧乙烯基的多元醇等。这些多元醇可以单独使用、或混合2种以上进行使用。另外,可以将前述酸成分、醇成分的一部分取代为二羟甲基丙酸、羟基叔戊酸、对羟基苯甲酸等;这些酸的低级烷基酯;ε-己内酯等内酯类等含氧酸成分。
作为前述油脂肪酸,例如可以举出椰子油脂肪酸、大豆油脂肪酸、亚麻仁油脂肪酸、红花油脂肪酸、妥尔油脂肪酸、脱水蓖麻油脂肪酸、桐油脂肪酸等。醇酸树脂的油长(树脂固体成分中的油脂的重量)为5~80质量%、特别是为20~70质量%的范围内时,从所得涂膜的固化性、强靭性、具有肉感等方面考虑,是适宜的。
另外,也可以使用如下树脂:使用环氧化合物作为醇成分的一部分、将环氧化合物部分酯化得到的环氧改性醇酸树脂;在醇酸树脂中引入马来酸酐而得到的马来化醇酸树脂;将马来化醇酸树脂和含羟基醇酸树脂加成而得到的接枝化醇酸树脂;在醇酸树脂上接枝聚合了苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯等乙烯基单体而得到的乙烯基改性醇酸树脂等。
进而,也可以使用下述树脂:利用聚酯树脂(以下简称作“再生PES”),使该再生PES溶解在上述醇成分和多元酸成分的混合物中,进行解聚,同时使其进行酯化反应而得到的醇酸树脂、使该醇酸树脂与马来酸酐反应而得到的马来化醇酸树脂、使该醇酸树脂和不具有烯属不饱和基团的酸酐反应而得到的改性醇酸树脂等,所述聚酯树脂是为了资源的再利用而回收的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(例如PET瓶)、产业废弃物聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、由以对苯二甲酸为主要原料的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯等的聚酯制品(薄膜、纤维、汽车部件、电子部件等)制造时产生的屑等再生的以对苯二甲酸为主要原料的聚酯树脂。
从固化性及涂膜物性良好的方面考虑,以上详细描述的氧化聚合固化型醇酸树脂的加德纳粘度(Gardner viscosity)(25℃)优选为15~60斯托克斯。
作为前述聚氨酯树脂,没有特别限定,例如可以使用使多元醇、油脂和多元醇经过再酯化得到的多元醇、与多异氰酸酯反应而得到的聚氨酯树脂。
作为上述多异氰酸酯,例如可以举出1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,8-二异氰酸酯甲基己酸酯等脂肪族异氰酸酯类;3-异氰酸酯甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯、甲基环己基-2,4-二异氰酸酯等脂环族二异氰酸酯类;甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲基甲烷二异氰酸酯、四烷基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4-二苄基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚苯基二异氰酸酯等芳香族二异氰酸酯类;氯化二异氰酸酯类、溴化二异氰酸酯类等,它们可以单独使用或以2种以上的混合物的形式来使用。
作为前述多元醇,可以举出通常聚氨酯树脂的制造中使用的各种多元醇、例如二乙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、新戊二醇、双酚A、环己烷二甲醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、季戊四醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、聚硫醚多元醇、聚缩醛多元醇、聚丁二烯多元醇、呋喃二甲醇等,它们可以单独使用或以2种以上的混合物的形式来使用。
作为前述油脂和多元醇经过酯化而得到的多元醇,例如可以举出将碘值为7~200的油脂和三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇等多元醇酯化而得到的多元醇,也可以使用例如三井化学株式会社制造“XP1076E”、“XP1077E”、“XP1580E”、”FB20-50XB”等市售品。
作为前述氧化聚合固化型改性环氧树脂,例如可以举出以环氧树脂、不饱和脂肪酸成分和含酸基丙烯酸类成分作为原料、使它们进行反应而得到的树脂。关于树脂原料配方,相对于原料的总重量100重量%,环氧树脂为30~50重量%、不饱和脂肪酸成分为25~40重量%及含酸基丙烯酸类成分为10~45重量%时从固化涂膜的物性优选的方面考虑为优选。
另外,氧化聚合固化型改性环氧树脂的碘值从可以得到良好的固化性的方面考虑,优选为30~100,特别优选为35~90。
作为能够用作原料的环氧树脂,没有特别限定,从容易改性、且所得固化涂膜的性能优异的方面考虑,优选双酚A型环氧树脂、氢化双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂等双酚型环氧树脂。它们可以单独使用或组合使用2种以上。
作为不饱和脂肪酸成分,天然或合成系的不饱和脂肪酸均可使用,可以使用例如由桐油、亚麻仁油、蓖麻油、脱水蓖麻油、红花油、妥尔油、大豆油、椰子油得到的不饱和脂肪酸等。
另外,作为含酸基丙烯酸类成分,可以使用例如(甲基)丙烯酸和苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯类等不含酸基的丙烯酸类单体的混合物等。作为后者不含酸基的丙烯酸类单体,从可以得到优异的涂膜硬度的方面考虑,优选苯乙烯。
氧化聚合固化型改性环氧树脂可以如下所述地得到。首先,由环氧树脂和不饱和脂肪酸成分制造环氧酯树脂。例如将环氧树脂和不饱和脂肪酸成分在甲苯、二甲苯等适当的溶剂中,使用缩合催化剂,根据需要在氮气等非活性气体气氛下、于150~250℃,使其反应直至达到所期望的酸值,由此得到环氧酯树脂。作为缩合催化剂,可以使用例如二丁基氧化锡、四正丁基氯化铵等。
接着,使所得环氧酯树脂与前述含酸基丙烯酸类成分反应,得到氧化聚合固化型改性环氧树脂。环氧酯树脂与含酸基丙烯酸类成分的反应可以在聚合引发剂的存在下、在氮气等非活性气体气氛下、于80~150℃的温度范围内来进行。作为聚合引发剂,可以使用过氧化物、偶氮化合物等各种物质,例如可以以相对于使用的单体总量为0.1~20质量份%的比例使用Kayakuakzo Corporation制造“Kayabutyl B(烷基过酸酯系)”等。
以上详细描述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂中,本发明中从廉价、容易购买、且涂料的干燥性(实用性)优异的方面考虑,特别优选氧化聚合固化型醇酸树脂。
本发明的涂料优选进一步含有有机溶剂。作为此处能够使用的有机溶剂,例如可以举出前述烃系溶剂、醇系溶剂、酮系溶剂、醚系溶剂。
本发明的涂料在上述各成分的基础上,根据需要还可以含有颜料等色料;颜料分散剂、表面调整剂、紫外线吸收剂、消泡剂、增粘剂、防沉降剂等各种涂料用添加剂。
对本发明催干剂相对于前述涂料的配混量没有特别限定,优选相对于氧化聚合型不饱和树脂100质量份,金属成分的总质量为0.005~1.5质量份的范围。
以上详细描述的本发明的涂料可以通过利用常规方法涂布于被涂物、并干燥/固化从而得到本发明的涂膜。此处,作为能够涂覆本发明的涂料的基材(被涂物),例如可以举出铁钢等。另外,作为涂布后的干燥条件(固化条件),可以举出常温干燥。进而,即使加厚涂膜,本发明的涂料也可以体现出优异的固化性,因此作为厚涂用涂料特别有用,具体而言,可以将固化涂膜的膜厚设为1~500μm的范围。因此,本发明的涂料作为建筑用涂料是有用的。
实施例
以下举出具体的例子,更详细地说明本发明。例子中,只要没有特别说明,“份”、“%”为质量基准。
实施例1~9(氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂的制备)
以第1表及第2表所示的比例(质量份)将脂肪酸锰盐(A)、氨基醇(B)、脂肪酸的金属盐(C)、稀释剂(E)配混,得到本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1~9。
[表1]
[表2]
比较例1(同上)
使环烷酸锰56份及2,2’-联吡啶18份溶解于矿物油精26份中,得到比较对照用氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1′。
比较例2(同上)
使环烷酸钴26份、环烷酸锰21份及二乙醇胺7份溶解于矿物油精46份中,得到比较对照用氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂2′。
比较例3
使环烷酸钴19份及辛酸锆31份溶解于矿物油精50份中,得到比较对照用氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂3′。该固化促进剂是以显示出包括钴金属皂的现有技术的金属皂的平均水准的性能的目的而制作的。
实施例10(涂料的制备)
在将钛白颜料(Tayca株式会社制造“JR-701”)1960、涂料用树脂“BECKOSOL P-470-70”(DIC株式会社制造的、分子内具有氧化聚合型不饱和脂肪酸基团的醇酸系树脂)3340g、矿物油精280g、防结皮剂(甲乙酮肟)20g用三辊磨混炼得到的混合物40g中以锰金属成分相对于树脂不挥发成分100份的比例为0.06%的方式添加氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1,制备本发明的涂料1。按照下述方法评价涂料1的干燥时间的测定。将评价结果示于第3表。
<干燥时间的测定方法>
使用3密耳的涂敷器(applicator)将涂料涂敷到玻璃板上后,使用干燥时间记录器(太佑机材株式会社制“型号No.404”)进行试验。测定在恒温恒湿室(气温25℃、相对湿度50%)内进行。需要说明的是,涂料的干燥时间设定为:在玻璃板上涂布涂料后,利用干燥时间记录器的针刮出的、涂料开始干燥时可见的刮痕因涂料完全干燥而变得不可见为止的时间。
实施例11~18(同上)
除使用第1表及第2表所示的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂之外,与实施例10同样地得到涂料2~9。与实施例10同样地测定干燥时间,将其结果示于第3表及第4表。
[表3]
[表4]
比较例4
以锰金属成分相对于树脂不挥发成分100份的比例为0.06%的方式添加氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1′来代替使用氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1,除此之外,与实施例10同样地得到比较对照用涂料1′。与实施例10同样地测定干燥时间,将其结果示于第5表。
比较例5
以钴金属成分相对于树脂不挥发成分100份的比例为0.04%的方式添加氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂2′来代替使用氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1,除此之外,与实施例10同样地得到比较对照用涂料2′。与实施例10同样地测定干燥时间,将其结果示于第5表。
比较例6
以钴金属成分相对于树脂不挥发成分100份的比例为0.06%的方式添加氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂3′来代替使用氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1,除此之外,与实施例10同样地得到比较对照用涂料3′。与实施例10同样地测定干燥时间,将其结果示于第5表。
[表5]
实施例19
将辛酸锰9份、辛酸铋25份、辛酸钙15份、2-[(2-二甲基氨基乙基)甲基氨基]乙醇2份、矿物油精42份及大豆油(日清奥利友集团株式会社制造“大豆色拉油(S)”)7份混合,得到本发明的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂10。
实施例20及21
除使用氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂10来代替氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂1之外,与实施例10同样地得到涂料10。与实施例1同样地测定干燥时间,并且按照下述方法进行指触干燥性(粘性)的评价。将其结果示于第4表。另外,作为实施例21,对于涂料1也进行指触干燥性的评价,将其结果一并示于第6表。
<指触干燥性的评价方法>
使用3密耳的涂敷器将涂料涂敷到玻璃板上,形成涂膜后,用指尖轻触涂膜面的中央,测定从涂膜形成时直至指尖不被污染的状态为止的时间(指触干燥时间)。该时间越短,为指触干燥性越优异的涂料。需要说明的是,指触干燥性的评价在恒温恒湿室(气温25℃、相对湿度50%)内进行。[表6]
Claims (9)
1.一种氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其特征在于,其含有:
脂肪酸锰盐(A),下述通式(1)所示的氨基醇(B),和选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐、脂肪酸钡盐及脂肪酸铁盐组成的组中的1种以上的脂肪酸的金属盐(C),
式(1)中,R1及R2分别独立地表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基,X1及X2分别独立地表示碳原子数2~6的亚烷基,Y表示-NR3-或氧原子,其中,R3表示氢原子或碳原子数1~6的烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其中,所述脂肪酸的金属盐(C)为选自由脂肪酸铋盐、脂肪酸锆盐及脂肪酸钡盐组成的组中的1种以上的脂肪酸的金属盐(C1),相对于脂肪酸锰盐(A)中的锰金属1质量份,以金属盐(C1)中的金属的量为1~10质量份的方式含有金属盐(C1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其中,所述脂肪酸的金属盐(C)为脂肪酸铁盐(C2),相对于脂肪酸锰盐(A)中的锰金属1质量份,以脂肪酸铁盐(C2)中的金属的量为0.1~2.0质量份的方式含有金属盐(C2)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其中,所述氨基醇(B)为选自由2-[(2-二甲基氨基乙基)甲基氨基]乙醇、2-(2-氨基乙基)氨基乙醇、1-(2-氨基乙基)氨基-2-丙醇、2-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙醇及2-(2-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇组成的组中的至少1种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其中,所述脂肪酸锰盐(A)的脂肪酸为选自由辛酸、新癸酸、异壬酸及环烷酸组成的组中的至少1种脂肪酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其中,所述脂肪酸的金属盐(C)的脂肪酸为选自由辛酸、新癸酸及环烷酸组成的组中的至少1种脂肪酸。
7.根据权利要求2或3所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂,其进一步含有脂肪酸钙盐或脂肪酸锶盐。
8.一种印刷油墨,其特征在于,含有权利要求1~7中任一项所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂和氧化聚合型不饱和树脂。
9.一种涂料,其特征在于,含有权利要求1~7中任一项所述的氧化聚合型不饱和树脂用固化促进剂和氧化聚合型不饱和树脂。
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