CN103946011A - 结构部件及其制造方法,以及执行所述方法的装置 - Google Patents

结构部件及其制造方法,以及执行所述方法的装置 Download PDF

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CN103946011A
CN103946011A CN201280056399.4A CN201280056399A CN103946011A CN 103946011 A CN103946011 A CN 103946011A CN 201280056399 A CN201280056399 A CN 201280056399A CN 103946011 A CN103946011 A CN 103946011A
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organic metal
metal plate
instrument
mold
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D·弗勒克
B·迈耶
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Johnson Controls GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
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    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/345Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0053Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
    • B29C45/0055Shaping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/18Thermoforming apparatus
    • B29C51/20Thermoforming apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/26Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C51/30Moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/02Bending or folding
    • B29C53/04Bending or folding of plates or sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12Thermoplastic materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25Solid
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    • B29K2105/256Sheets, plates, blanks or films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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    • B29L2031/44Furniture or parts thereof
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/131Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1314Contains fabric, fiber particle, or filament made of glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide, or metal carbide or other inorganic compound [e.g., fiber glass, mineral fiber, sand, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由有机金属板(3)制造结构部件(2)的方法。因此,所述方法提供下述步骤:-在第一步骤中,有机金属板(3)被预加热,被引导到工具(1)中并随后被再成形,-在第二步骤中,被再成形的有机金属板(3)的区域(3.2)被加热,以及-在第三步骤中,有机金属板(3)的至少被加热的区域(3.2)以所述区域与有机金属板(3)的另一个区域材料键合的方式被进一步再成形,以便形成至少部分闭合的中空轮廓。本发明还涉及一种用于执行由有机金属板(3)制造结构部件的方法的装置,还涉及一种通过所述方法制造的结构部件(3)。

Description

结构部件及其制造方法,以及执行所述方法的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分中要求保护的结构部件,本发明还涉及一种如权利要求6前序部分要求保护的执行所述方法的装置,以及一种如权利要求9前序部分要求保护的结构部件。
背景技术
由纤维组合结构(也称作有机金属板)制成的结构部件是连续的纤维强化热塑性板并且在现有技术中熟知,例如用于制造座位靠背后壁。通常地,为此,有机金属板被成形在对应工具中并且随后配置有功能性元件,诸如优选地被注射模制在有机金属板上的塑料肋。
为以中空体的形式制造结构部件(即具有闭合的轮廓),不同的方法从现有技术中已熟知。特别地,在这种情况下,使用被称作装配混合方法和双层板方法。
借助于装配混合方法,有机金属板可以在一个加工步骤中成形并且同时注射模制。通常地,在有机金属板成形后,借助于随后的键合过程制造待生产的闭合轮廓。
在双层板方法(也被称为双向拉伸方法或双层板热成形方法)中,两个半成品(例如有机金属板)被成形并且同时被焊接以形成具有中空体轮廓的单个结构部件。例如,两个半成品在彼此上方被夹持在夹持框架中并且随后在一侧上被加热,其中所述半成品借助于双侧工具被热成形并且同时焊接在外围上。替代地,半成品在两个单独的夹持框架中被加热并且在两个相对的一半工具中被热成形。通过将工具合在一起,热成形的半成品随后被焊接。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于详细说明制造结构部件的方法,所述方法相对于现有技术得到改善,特别是更具有成本效益。本发明的另一个目的是详细说明执行所述方法的相对于现有技术得到改善的装置,以及一种得到改善的结构部件。
根据本发明,所述目的通过由权利要求1中列出的特征限定的方法、通过由权利要求6中列出的特征限定的装置、以及通过由权利要求9的特征限定的结构部件来实现。
本发明的有利的实施方式形成从属权利要求的主题。
在根据本发明的从有机金属板制造结构部件的方法中,提供下述步骤:在第一步骤中,有机金属板被预加热、被引导到工具中、并且随后被成形,在第二步骤中,成形的有机金属板上的区域被加热,在第三步骤中,有机金属板的至少被加热的区域被进一步成形,从而使得所述区域与有机金属板的另一个区域材料键合,以便形成至少部分闭合的中空轮廓。
借助于至少部分闭合的中空轮廓,结构部件有利地具有提高的扭转刚度。从而借助于该方法制造的结构部件在重量上减轻并且特别是挠曲刚性的。例如,制造座椅靠背后壁的结构部件适用于车辆座椅,以便有利地使所述座椅靠背后壁变硬。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,在区域被加热时有机金属板通过热塑性材料得到强化。以这样的方式,例如,肋状结构可以被应用于有机金属板,所述肋状结构优选地由与有机金属板相同的热塑性材料形成。
特别优选地,在这种情况下,热塑性材料通过材料键合被应用到有机金属板的表面。从而由有机金属板和热塑性强化结构形成集成的、并且从而一体的结构部件。
优选地,借助于成形过程,有机金属板根据第一步骤被成形为结构部件的部分形状,借助于所述进一步成形过程,有机金属板根据第三步骤被成形为结构部件的最终形状。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,对于成形过程,工具根据第一步骤是闭合的,对于所述进一步成形过程,工具根据第三步骤是打开的。
在用于执行借助于工具由有机金属板制造结构部件的方法的装置中,根据本发明,工具被配置为至少两部分的组合体,该工具通过第一模具体和第二模具体形成形腔,其中模具体中的一个在型腔一侧上具有作为正外廓的成形轮廓,至少一个模具体具有至少一个可加热部分,工具被耦连到滑块,该滑块有利地能够沿模具体中的一个的型腔一侧上的表面移动。
借助于该装置,由具有闭合中空轮廓的有机金属板制成的结构部件能够使用仅一个工具在几个步骤中制造。为此,在特别有利的方式中,不需要进一步的结合和/或键合过程。
工具有利地被配置为由成形工具和注射模制工具组成的组合工具。从而两个不同的过程可以在一个工具中实现,由于工具部件的数目少,因此可以缩短制造时间和节省材料。
根据已描述的方法制造的根据本发明的结构部件的有机金属板具有闭合的中空轮廓。由于闭合的轮廓,因此结构部件具有与具有打开轮廓的结构部件相比在双轴向上更高的几何惯量。结果是,支撑件能够被设计得更窄,由此实现材料和重量的节约。借助于这样的结构部件,座椅靠背壁能够以具有成本效益的方式制造成具有高刚度。另外,注射成形的肋状结构借助于闭合轮廓得以保护,以使得所述肋状结构能够被设计得更窄。
附图说明
参照附图更详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1示意性地示出在根据本发明的制造结构部件的方法的第一方法步骤中的工具的纵截面图。
图2示意性地示出根据图1在第二方法步骤中的工具的纵截面图
图3示意性地示出根据图1在第三方法步骤中的工具的纵截面图
图4示意性地示出根据图1在第四方法步骤中的工具的纵截面图
图5示意性地示出根据图1在第五方法步骤中的工具的纵截面图。以及
图6示意性地示出借助于根据图1至图5的方法步骤制造的结构部件的纵截面图
彼此对应的部分在所有附图中配置有相同附图标记。
具体实施方式
在图1中,示意性地示出在根据本发明的制造图6中示出的结构部件2的方法的第一方法步骤中工具1的纵截面图。
结构部件2由所谓的有机金属板3形成,该有机金属板在这个示例性实施方式中是传统的有机金属板。有机金属板3是由热塑性材料制成的平面半成品,其中结合有由玻璃纤维、碳纤维和/或芳香尼龙纤维或它们的混合物制成的织物材料,从而使得纤维通过热塑材料完全地被浸润。有机金属板3从而是连续的纤维强化热成形板。
对于有机金属板3的相应处理而言,所述有机金属板至少部分地设置在工具1内部。
工具1优选是由成形工具和注射模制工具组成的组合工具,并且形成为两部分的组合体,所述工具通过第一模具体1.1和第二模具体1.2形成型腔。在这种情况下,第一模具体1.1被设置成与第二模具体1.2相对。在这个示例性实施方式中,根据图1,工具1是打开的。
第一模具体1.1在其面向第二模具体1.2的一侧上具有如待制造的有机金属板3的轮廓的正外廓的成形轮廓。
第二模具体1.2在其面向第一模具体1.1的一侧上具有凹部。在这种情况下,第一模具体1.1的成形轮廓和第二模具体1.2的凹部形成工具1的型腔。
在这种情况下,第一模具体1.1和第二模具体1.2都优选地由金属或金属合金或陶瓷或塑料材料组成。还可能的是,第一模具体1.1和第二模具体1.2在材料上有区别地配置。
在使用陶瓷或塑料作为材料的情况下,第一和/或第二模具体1.1、1.2的表面便利地配置有金属涂层。
在本示例性实施方式,第一模具体1.1在边缘上具有两个可加热部分1.1.1、1.1.2,该可加热部分用作有机金属板3的部分加热。替代地,第一模具体1.1也可以具有一个或多于两个可加热部分1.1.1、1.1.2。可加热部分1.1.1、1.1.2替代地也可以被设置在第一模具体1.1的其它合适区域中。此外,还可能的是,第二模具体1.2替代地或附加地具有可加热部分1.1.1、1.1.2。
对于使有机金属板3成形而言,所述有机金属板至少部分地被预加热并且设置在模具体1.1、1.2两者之间。在这种情况下,有机金属板3具有与工具1的型腔的尺寸相比更大的尺寸,以使得所述有机金属部分地设置在工具1的型腔外侧。
随后,模具体1.1、1.2朝向彼此移动,即如图2所示,工具1被闭合并且有机金属板3相应地被成形。在这种情况下,凹部3.1由有机金属板3成形,该凹部的纵截面具有近似梯形的轮廓。
在这种情况下,有机金属板3的区域3.2邻近第一模具体1.1的可加热部分1.1.1、1.1.2,其中区域3.2的一面面向加热部分1.1.1、1.1.2,区域3.2的另一面暴露在外。
在如图3所示的对于在前成形过程而言可选择或可附加的方法步骤中,在第一部分步骤中,滑块4定位在工具1内侧,其中滑块4的一侧的表面贴靠区域3.2的外露面。
在第二部分步骤中,热塑性材料优选地围绕有机金属板3注射模制。以这种方式,特别优选地由与有机金属板3相同的热塑性材料形成的肋状结构(未示出)应用到有机金属板3的表面,以使得由有机金属板3和肋状结构形成集成的、一体的部件。
对于使有机金属板3进一步成形而言,在肋状结构围绕于有机有金属板3注射模制时,区域3.2借助于第一模具体1.1的可加热部分1.1.1、1.1.2加热。从而可以在特别短的时间周期内制造结构部件2。
在图4所示方法步骤中,紧接于前述从后方的成形过程和/或注射模制,工具1是打开的,即第一模具体1.1与第二模具体1.2在间隔开。在本示例性实施方式中,第一模具体1.1沿观察方向(借助于箭头示出)垂直向上移动。
在图5中,滑块4随后沿观察方向(借助于另一个箭头示出)水平朝右移动。同时,加热区域3.2被成形,并且具体地与有机金属板的另一个部分材料键合,以便形成闭合的中空轮廓。从而凹部3.1借助于成形部3.2闭合。借助于材料键合,复杂且成本高昂的键合过程得以避免,以使得根据本发明的方法从而是特别具有成本效益的。
在图6中,示出由有机金属板3制造的结构部件2的侧视图的纵截面图。
例如,车辆座椅的座椅靠背后壁可以借助于结构部件2制造,其中头枕支撑杆接收套筒、安全带偏转器和/或安全带牵引器的接收器可以成形为注射模制的肋状结构。
结构部件2的闭合轮廓允许以特别有利的方式提高扭转刚度,以使得例如整个座椅靠背后壁可以变硬。
附图说明
1             工具
1.1           第一模具体
1.1.1、1.1.2  可加热区域
1.2           第二模具体
2             结构部件
3             有机金属板
3.1           凹部
3.2           区域
4             滑块

Claims (10)

1.一种由有机金属板(3)制造结构部件(2)的方法,其特征在于:
-在第一步骤中,有机金属板(3)被预加热、被引导到工具(1)中并随后被成形;
-在第二步骤中,成形的有机金属板(3)的区域(3.2)被加热,以及
-在第三步骤中,有机金属板(3)的至少被加热的区域(3.2)被进一步成形,从而使得所述区域与有机金属板(3)的另一个区域材料键合,以便形成至少部分闭合的中空轮廓。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在区域(2)被加热时有机金属板(3)由热塑性材料加固。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,热塑性材料通过材料键合的方式被应用到有机金属板(3)的表面。
4.根据在前权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于成形过程,有机金属板(3)根据第一步骤被成形为结构部件(2)的部分形状,借助于所述进一步成形过程,有机金属板根据第三步骤被成形为结构部件(2)的最终形状。
5.根据在前权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:对于成形过程,工具(1)根据第一步骤是闭合的,对于所述进一步成形过程,工具根据第三步骤是打开的。
6.一种用于执行根据权利要求1-5所述的方法的装置,包括工具(1),其特征在于:工具(1)被配置为至少两部分的组合体,所述工具通过第一模具体(1.1)和第二模具体(1.2)形成形腔,其中模具体(1.1、1.2)中的一个在型腔一侧上具有作为正外廓的成形轮廓,至少一个模具体(1.1、1.2)具有至少一个可加热部分(1.1.1、1.1.2),工具(1)被耦连到滑块(4)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,滑块(4)能够沿模具体中的一个(1.2)的型腔一侧上的表面移动。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的装置,其特征在于,工具(1)被配置为由成形工具和注塑工具组成的组合工具。
9.一种根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法制造的结构部件(2)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的结构部件,其特征在于,成形的有机金属板(3)具有闭合的中空轮廓。
CN201280056399.4A 2011-11-17 2012-09-13 结构部件及其制造方法,以及执行所述方法的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN103946011B (zh)

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